INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad-500043

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK

Course Title RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Course Code ACSB34

Programme B.Tech

Semester FOUR

Course Type Elective

Regulation IARE - R18

Theory Practical

Lectures Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits

Course Structure
3 - 4 - -

Chief Coordinator A.Rajitha, Assistant Professor,

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The course should enable the students to:

I Acquire analytical thinking and identify efficient ways of designing database by encapsulating data
requirements for business and organizational scenarios.
II Develop expertise in database language SQL to develop sophisticated queries to extract information
from large datasets.
III Enhance skills to develop and manage data in solving related engineering problems.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After successful completion of the course, Students will be able to:
Knowledge
Level
Course Outcomes
(Bloom’s
Taxonomy)
CO 1 Definedatabase, characteristics, functions of database management system and Remember
types of usersto describe large sets of data
CO 2 Comparetraditional File Processing System and a Database Systemfor Understand
constructing a database.
CO 3 Describedata models, schemas, instances, view levels and database Remember
architecturefor voluminous data storage
 CO 4 Modelthe real world database systems using Entity Relationship Diagramsfrom the Apply
requirement specification
CO 5 Definethe relational data model, its constraints and keysto maintain integrity Remember
of data
CO 6 Definethe concept of Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus from set Remember
theory to represent queries.
CO 7 Build queries in Relational Algebra and Relational Calculuso retrieve desired Apply
information
CO 8 Demonstratethe use of SQLfor database creation and maintenance Understand
CO 9 Make Use ofSQL queries for data aggregation, calculations, views, sub-queries, Apply
embedded queries manipulation
CO 10 Illustrate the definition of Functional Dependencies, Inference rules and Understand
minimal sets of FD’s to maintain data integrity.
CO 11 Apply normalizationtechniques to normalize a database Apply
CO 12 State the concepts of transaction, states and ACID properties in data Remember
manipulation
CO 13 Make use of concurrency control protocols to preserve the database in a Apply
consistent state
CO 14 Illustrate the problems of data management in a concurrent environment by Understand
using recovery techniques to recover the lost data
CO 15 Describe disk storage devices, file organization to select efficient data storage. Remember
CO 16 Apply indexing ,hashing techniques to access the records from the file Apply
effectively
CO 17 Compare between indexing and hashing for efficient search process Understand

CO 18 Designa full real size database system for an industry or business scenario. Analyze

TOTAL COUNT OF KEY COMPETENCIES FOR CO – (PO, PSO) MAPPING:

PSOs/ No. of
Program Outcomes / Number of Vital Features
Vital Features
Course
Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

3 10 10 11 1 5 3 3 12 5 12 12 2 2 2

CO 1 2

CO 2 2 4

CO 3 2 4

CO 4 4 4 3 1

CO 5 2 4

CO 6 2

CO 7 4 4 3 1

CO 8 2 4 4 3 1

CO 9 4 4 3 1
 CO 10 2 4

CO 11 4 4 3 1

CO 12 2 4

CO 13 4 4 3

CO 14 2 4 4

CO 15 2 4

CO 16 2 4 4 1

CO 17 4 4 1

CO 18 2 4 4 3 1

TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK

MODULE - I

CONCEPTUAL MODELING INTRODUCTION

Part – A (Short Answer Questions)

Blooms
How does this subsume Course
S. No QUESTIONS Taxonomy
the below level Outcomes
Level
1 List the advantages of DBMS. Remember ----- CO 1

2 List the database Applications. Remember ----- CO 1

3 Define instances and schemas of database. Remember ----- CO 1

4 Discuss Data Independence. Understand Recall the concept of database CO 1

and Explain Data
Independence
5 How application programs access data base? Remember ----- CO 1
6 Define (i) Database (ii) DBMS. Remember ----- CO 1
7 List out main components of Database Remember ----- CO 1
storage structure?
8 What are the main responsibilities of Understand Recall the concept of CO 3
Transaction management component? transaction management and
Explain responsibilities of
Transaction management
component
9 Outline main functions of Query Processor. Remember ----- CO 3

10 Define (i) Entity (ii) Attribute Remember ----- CO 2

11 Define Relationship and Relationship set. Remember ----- CO 2

12 Discuss about Data Definition language. Understand Recall the concept of Data CO 1
Definition language and
paraphrase about Data
Definition language
13 Discuss about Data Manipulation language. Remember ----- CO 1

14 List responsibilities of a DBA. Remember ----- CO 3

15 Outline the History of Data base Systems. Remember ----- CO 3

16 Discuss how you can change the data in the Understand Recall the concept of data CO 1
table. tables and describe how data
is changed in the table.
17 List various types of attributes. Remember ----- CO 4
18 Discuss How can you alter and destroy Understand Recall the concept of CO 3
tables? operations done on table and
explain alter and destroy
tables operation.
19 Define a data model? List the types of data Remember ----- CO 1
model used.
20 List the levels of data abstraction. Remember ----- CO 1

Part - B (Long Answer Questions)

1 Compare and Contrast file Systems with Understand Recall the concept of basic file CO2
database systems. system and database system
and distinguish between file
Systems with database
systems.
2 Define Data Abstraction and discuss levels of Remember ----- CO3
Abstraction.
3 Discuss about different types of Data models. Understand Recall the concept of data CO3
models and classify types of
data models
4 Describe the Structure of DBMS. Understand Recall the concept of DBMS CO3
and explain the structure of
DBMS.
5 Discuss additional features of the ER-Models. Understand Recall the concept of ER CO4
model and explain the features
of the ER-Models.
6 Discuss about the Concept Design with the Understand Recall the concept of ER CO4
ER Model. model and summarize the
Concept Design with the ER
Model.
7 Explain in detail Different types of Data Understand Recall the concept of Data CO3
Independence with examples. Independence and classify the
Different types of Data
Independence with examples.
8 Explain different types of database users and Understand Recall the concept of database CO1
write the functions of DBA. users and then discuss the
functions of DBA.
List out different types of integrity
9 Remember ----- CO3
constraints.
10 Discuss about Different keys used in data Understand Recall the concept of database CO5
base design with examples. design and then distinguish
 Different keys used in data
base design with examples.
11 Distinguish strong entity set with weak entity Understand Recall the concept of entity set CO4
set? and then distinguish strong
entity set with weak entity set.
12 Differentiate relation schema and relational Understand Recall the concept of Database CO5
instance? system and then distinguish
relation schema and relational
instance
13 List and explain the design issues of entity Remember ----- CO4
relationship.
14 Construct ER-Diagram for a hospital with a Apply Recall and interpret the CO4
set of patients and a concept of ER-Diagram and
setofmedicaldoctors.Associated with sketch ER-Diagram for a
achpatientalogofthe hospital
various tests and examinations conducted.
15 Describe about Basic Concepts of ER Model Remember CO4
in DBMS
16 Explain ER Model, with its Entity and Entity Understand Recall the concept of ER CO4
Set? Model and paraphrase about
Entity and Entity Set
17 Discuss about ER Model and its Understand Recall the concept of ER CO4
Relationships? Model and explain
Relationships of ER Model
18 Discuss about generalization with a neat Understand Recall the concept of CO4
diagram? database system and
explain generalization with
a neat diagram
19 Explain specialization with a neat diagram? Understand Recall the concept of CO4
database system and
explain specialization
with a neat diagram
20 Describe about aggregation with a neat Remember CO4
diagram?
Part - C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Questions)
1 Construct an E-R diagram for keeping track Apply Recall and interpret the CO4
of the exploits of your favorite sports team. concept of ER-Diagram and
You should store the matches played, the sketch ER-Diagram for a
scores in each match, the players in each keeping track of the exploits of
match and individual player statistics for your favorite sports team
each match. Summary statistics should be
modeled as derived attributes.
2 Let E1 and E2 be two entities in an E/R Apply Recall and interpret the CO4
diagram with simple single-valued attributes. concept of ER-Diagram and
R1 and R2 are two relationships between E1 dramatize the minimum
and E2, where R1 is one-to- many and R2 is number of tables required to
many-to-many. R1 and R2 do not have any represent this situation in the
attributes of their own. Calculate the relational model.
minimum number of tables required to
represent this situation in the relational
model.
3 Analyze and find whether modifications made Analyze Recall and interpret the CO3
at conceptual level makes application concept of View of database
programs written by users at view level to be and categorize conceptual level
modified in a database. Analyze your answer and view level
with illustration.
4 We can convert any weak entity set to strong Analyze Recall and interpret the CO4
entity set by simply adding appropriate concept of entity set of and
attributes. Analyze why, then, do we have categorize weak entity set to
weak entity sets? strong entity set
5 What are the responsibilities of a DBA? If we Understand Recall the concept of DBA CO1
assume that the DBA is never interested in and explain the operations
running his or her own queries; does the DBA done by DBA
still need to understand query optimization?
Why?
6 Describe the structure of a DBMS. If your Remember ----- CO3
operating system is upgraded to support
some new functions on OS files (e.g., the
ability to force some sequence of bytes to
disk), which layer(s) of the DBMS would
you have to rewrite to take advantage of
these new functions.
7 Why relational model became more popular Understand Recall the concept of CO3
comparing with other record based models? relational model and
summarize with other record
based models
8 Describe the process to convert ER model Remember ----- CO4
into relation schema.
9 Discuss the disadvantages of file processing Understand Recall the concept of file CO2
system, and explain how these disadvantages system and express how these
are avoided in DBMS? disadvantages are avoided in
DBMS
10 Design a relational database for a university Remember ----- CO5
registrar’s office the office maintain data
about each class, including the instructor, the
number of students enrolled, and time and
place of the class Meetings. For each student
- class pair, a grade is recorded.
MODULE - II

RELATIONAL APPROACH

Part – A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Define relational database query. Remember ----- CO6

2 State the purpose of SELECT operation in Remember ----- CO6
Relational algebra.
3 State the purpose of PROJECT operation in Remember ----- CO6
Relational algebra.
4 Define a relational calculus. Remember ----- CO6

5 Discuss the use of rename operation. Remember ----- CO6

6 Define division operation. Remember ----- CO6

7 Describe about expressive power of algebra Understand Recall the concept of CO6
and calculus. Relational algebra and explain
power of algebra and calculus.
8 Define a tuple relational calculus. Remember ----- CO6

9 Illustrate union operation and intersection Understand Recall the concept of operation CO6
operation. and state union operation and
intersection operation
10 Describe cross-product operation. Remember ----- CO6
11 Define set operators in relational algebra. Understand Recall the concept of operators CO6
and state set operators in
relational algebra
12 List aggregate functions used in Relational Remember ----- CO6
Algebra.
13 List out types of joins. Remember ----- CO6

14 Describe set difference operation. Remember ----- CO6

15 Define a domain relational calculus. Understand Recall the concept of relational CO6
calculus and explain domain
relational calculus
16 What is Cartesian product Understand Recall the concept of CO6
operations on dbms and
explain Cartesian product
17 What is joins operations? Understand Recall the concept of CO6
operations on dbms and
explain joins operations
18 What is renaming operations? Understand Recall the concept of CO6
operations on dbms and
explain renaming operations
19 What are natural join operations? Understand Recall the concept of CO6
operations on dbms and
explain natural join operations
20 What are division operations? Understand Recall the concept of CO6
operations on dbms and
explain division operations
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Illustrate different set operations in Apply Recall the concept of CO6
Relational algebra with an example. Relational algebra explain set
operations
2 Define Join. Explain different types of joins Remember ------ CO6
in relational algebra.
3 Discuss about Tuple Relational calculus in Remember ------ CO6
detail.
4 Define the difference between Relational Understand Recalls the concept of CO6
Algebra and Relational Calculus. relational data base summarize
Relational Algebra and
Relational Calculus.
5 Describe Extended relational operations Remember ------ CO6
with examples.
6 Discuss about procedural language in SQL. Remember ------ CO7
7 Discuss structure of query in TRC with Understand Recall the concept of query CO6
example. explain TRC with example.
8 Illustrate a query in TRC to find the names Understand Recall the concept of relational CO7
of sailors who have reserved both a red and calculus explain TRC for
green boat? example
Write a query in TRC to find the names of
sailors who have reserved all boats?
9 Write a query in TRC to find the names of Remember ------ CO7
sailors who have reserved a redboat?
Write a query in TRC to find the names of
sailors who have not reserved a redboat?
10 Write a TRC query to find the names of Remember ------ CO7
sailors who have reserved boat 103?
11 Let R=(ABC) and S=(DEF) let r(R) and s(S) Remember ------ CO7
both relations on schema R and S. Give an
expression in the Tuple relational calculus
that is equivalent to each of the following.
σB=19(r)
∏A,F,( σC=D(r×s))
r∩s
12 Sketch the following schema instructor (ID, Understand Recall the concept of query CO7
name, dept_name), teaches (ID, course_id, explain RA, TRC ,DRC for
sec_id, semester, year), section (course_id, given example
sec_id, semester, year), student (ID, name,
dept_name),
takes (ID, course_id, sec_id, semester, year,
grade)
1. Write the following query in RA,TRC
andDRC
2. Find the names of the instructors not
teaching any course.
13 Find the names of sailors who have reserved Remember ------ CO7
a green boat
14 Describe sid‟s of sailors who‟ve reserved a Remember ------ CO7
red and a green boat Find sid‟s of all sailors
who‟ve reserved red boat but not green
boat.
15 Describe sid‟s of all sailors who have a Remember ------ CO7
rating of 10 or reserved boat 104
Find sailors whose rating is better than
every sailor called Horatio.
16 Find the sailors with the highest rating Remember ------ CO7
Find the names of all branches in the loan
relation.
17 Define about set operations with syntax Understand Recall the concept of operators CO6
and examples and explain set operators with
example
18 Write about Division operation in relational Remember ------ CO6
algebra with example
19 Write about join operations with syntax and Remember ------ CO6
examples
20 Differentiate natural join and inner join Understand Recall the concept of operators CO6
operations with examples and distinguish between
natural join and inner join
operations with examples
 Part - C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Questions)
1 For the following relational database, give the Understand Recall the concept of CO7
expressions in RA. student(stuno, stuname, relational algebra explain the
major,level,age) example
Class(Classname, meets at, Room, fid)
Faculty(fid,fname,deptid)
1. Find the names of all uniors (level = JR) who
are enrolled in a class taught byI.Teach.
2. Find the age of the oldest student who is
either a history major or is enrolled in a
course taught byI.Tech?
3. Find the names of all classes that either meet
in room R128 or have five or more
studentsenrolled?
2 Illustrate the relations employee (name, Apply Recall the concept of CO7
salary,deptno) department (deptno, deptname, relational algebra explain the
address) Solve which query cannot be example
expressed using the basic relational algebra
operations.
3 Discuss Query in relational algebra to find Understand Recall the concept of CO7
second highest salary of Employee from relational algebra and extend
Employee relation. with example
4 Consider the following schema given. The Apply Recall the concept of CO7
primary keys are underlined. Sailors(sailor- relational algebra and
id, sailor-name, sailor-rating, sailor- age) demonstrate with example
Boats(boat-id, boat-name, boat-color)
Reserves(sailor-id, boat-id, day) Write
queries in Relational Algebra.
1. Find the names of sailors who have reserved
boat number 120
2. Find the names of sailors who have reserved
a green boat
3. Find the names of sailors who have not
reserved a green boat
4. Find the names of sailors with the highest
rating
5 Consider the following database. Employee Understand Recall the concept of CO7
(employee-name, street, city) relational algebra and
Works (employee-name, summarize TRC with
company-name, salary) example
Company (company-name,
city)
Manager (employee-name, manager-name)
1. Give an expression in the relational
algebra, the tuple relational calculus, for
the following query.
2. Find the names of all employees who
work for estate bank.
6 Define the RA expression for the following Understand Recall the concept of CO7
Queries. Sailor Schema (sailor id, Sailor expression in relational
name, Rating. Age) Reserves (Sailor id, Boat algebra and explain example
id, Day)
Boat Schema (Boat id, Boatname.color)
1. Find the names of sailors who have reserved
 boat name 103;
2. Find the sailor id of sailors who have
reserved a red boat;
3. Find the colors of boats reserved by the
sailorrubber.
4. Find the names of sailors who have reserved a
redboat.
7 Observe the following relational database, Understand Recall the concept of CO7
give the expressions in RA. student(stuno, relational database and
stuname, major,level,age) explain example
Class(Classname, meets at, Room, fid)
Faculty(fid,fname,deptid)
1. Find the names of all uniors (level = JR)
Who are enrolled in a class taught byI.Teach.
2. Find the age of the oldest student who is
either a history major or is enrolled in a
course taught byI.Tech?
8 Sailor Schema (sailor id, Sailorname, Understand Recall the concept of CO7
Rating.Age) Reserves (Sailor id, Boat id, expression in relational
Day)Boat Schema (boat id, Boatname, algebra and explain example
color)
1. Find the age of the youngest sailor for each
ratinglevel?
2. Find the age of the youngest sailor who is
eligible to vote for each rating level with at
lead two suchsailors?
3. Find the No.of reservations for each redboat?
4. Find the average age of sailor for each rating
level that at least 2sailors.
9 How the statement “the sids of suppliers who Understand Recall the concept of CO7
supply some red or green part” can be relational algebra and explain
represented in the form of relational algebra TRC with example
and tuple relational calculus from the above
relations.
Suppliers scheme:
Suppliers(sid: INTEGER, sname:
STRING, address: STRING) Parts(pid:
INTEGER, pname: STRING, color:
STRING) Catalog(sid: INTEGER, pid:
INTEGER, cost: REAL)
10 Given the relations Remember -------- CO7
Employee (name, salary, deptno) department
(deptno, deptname, address) Solve which
query cannot be expressed using the basic
sql operations.
MODULE - III

BASIC SQL QUERY AND NORMALIZATION

Part - A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Describe Create statement with example. Remember ------- CO8

2 Define DML statements in SQL Give an Remember -------- CO8
example.
3 Discuss various Aggregate functions used in Understand Recall the concept of SQL in CO8
SQL. database and explain
Aggregate functions
4 Define primary key. Remember ------- CO5

5 State the syntax of foreign key constraint. Remember ------- CO5

6 What are the data types in SQL? Understand Recall the concept of SQL in CO8
database and explain data type
7 Write a SQL statement to find employees Understand Recall the concept of SQL in CO8
whose commission is database and illustrate the
greater than their salaries. example
8 Write a SQL statement to find the employees Understand Recall the concept of SQL in CO8
who are not clerks, analysts or salesmen. database and illustrate the
condition to satisfy example
9 Write a SQL statement to display the names Understand Recall the concept of SQL in CO8
of all the employees and position where the database and relate the
string „AR‟ occurs in the name. condition to satisfy example
10 List out all classes in select statement. Remember ------ CO8

11 Define redundancy and its problems Remember ------ CO10

12 Define functional dependency. Why are some Remember ------ CO10
functionaldependencies trivial?
13 Discuss normalization. Understand Recall the concept of CO11
normalization in database
explain it.
14 Differentiate between trivial and nontrivial Remember ------ CO10
dependencies.
15 If relation R consists of only simple candidate Understand Recall the concept of keys in CO11
keys then R should be in which normal form? database explain candidate
keys with example
16 Define First Normal Form. Understand Recall the concept of normal CO11
form explain in detail
17 Define Second Normal Form. Remember ------ CO11

18 Define Third Normal Form. Remember ------ CO 11

19 Define Fourth Normal Form. Remember ------ CO11

20 Identify the Normal Forms of the relation R. Understand Recall the concept of normal CO11
R(ABCD) FD : {A → B, B → C} form illustrate in detail for
example given
Part – B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Define a View in SQL. Write about updates Remember ----- CO9
on views.
2 Illustrate Group by and Having clauses with Understand Recall the concept of SQL CO8
examples. illustrate in detail for example
given
3 Discuss about Complex integrity constraints Remember ----- CO8
in SQL.
4 Write a nested query to find the names of Understand Recall the concept of query in CO8
sailors who have reserved both a red and sql paraphrase about nested
green boat. Write a nested query to find the query
names of sailors who have reserved all boats
 5 Discuss various DML statements in SQL and Understand Recall the concept of query in CO8
explain with Examples. sql and explain about DML
statements in SQL
6 Define referential integrity constraint, unique Remember ----- CO8
key. Is unique +not null is same as primary
key
7 What are nested queries? What is correlation Understand Recall the concept of query in CO9
in nested queries? Explain. sql and explain about nested
queries
8 Consider the following schema instructor Apply Recall the concept of query in CO9
(ID, name, dept_name), teaches (ID, sql and illustrate the example
course_id, sec_id, semester, year), section
(course_id, sec_id, semester, year), student
(ID, name, dept_name),
takes (ID, course_id, sec_id,
semester, year, grade) Write
the following queries in SQL
1. Find the names of the students not
registered in any section
2. Find the total number of courses
taught departmentwise
3. Find the total number of courses
registered department wise.
9 Define decomposition and how does it Understand Recall the concept of query in CO10
address redundancy? sql and extend decomposition
Discuss the problems that may be caused by with example
the use of decompositions.
10 Define functional dependencies. How are Understand Recall the concept of data CO10
primary keys related to FD‟s? independence and explain
about
functional dependencies
11 Define normalization? Explain 1NF, 2NF, Remember ----- CO11
3NF Normal forms.
12 Describe properties of decompositions. Remember ----- CO11
13 Explain about Schema refinement in Understand Recall the concept of Database CO10
Database design. design and summarize Schema
refinement

14 Illustrate multivalued dependencies and Remember ------ CO11

Fourth normal form with example.
15 Compute the closer of the following set of Apply Recall the concept of relation CO10
functional dependencies for a relation scheme and sketch the
scheme. example
R(A,B,C,D,E) F={ A–>BC,CD–>E,B–>D,E–
> A}
List out the candidate keys of R.

16 Write a note on INSERT, DELETE, Remember ------ CO8

UPDATE commands in SQL
17 R(ABCD) is relation with FD set {C→D, Understand Recall the concept of normal CO11
C→A, B→C}. Find form discuss normal form and
i. CandidateKey types
ii. Normal form that can beexisted
iii. Decompose in BCNFrelations
18 Explain the key constraints Primary key and Remember ------ CO8
Foreign key withexamples
19 Find pairs of sids such that the supplier with Remember ------ CO9
the first sid charges more for some part than
the supplier with the second sid.
20 Find the sids of suppliers who supply some Remember ------ CO9
red part and some green part
Part – C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking)
1 Write the SQL expression for the following Understand Recall the concept of SQL CO9
Queries. Sailor Schema (sailor id, expression illustrate examples
Sailorname, Rating.Age) for given queries.
Reserves (Sailor id, Boat id, Day)
Boat Schema (Boat id, Boatname.color)
1. Find the names of sailors who have reserved
boat name 103;
2. Find the sailor id of sailors who have
reserved a red boat;
3. Find the colors of boats reserved by the
sailorrubber?
4. Find the names of sailors who have reserved a
redboat?
2 For the following relational database, give Remember ------ CO9
the expressions in SQL. student(stuno,
stuname,major,level,age)
Class(Classname, meets at, Room, fid)
Faculty(fid,fname,deptid)
1. Find the names of all uniors (level =
JR) Who are enrolled in a class taught
byI.Teach?
2. Find the age of the oldest student who
is either a history major or is enrolled
in a course taught byI.Tech?
3. Find the names of all classes that
either meet in room R128 or have five
or more studentsenrolled?
3 Write the SQL expressions for the following Understand Recall the concept of relational CO9
relational database. sailor schema (sailor id, database explain the example
Boat id, sailorname, rating, age) Recerves
(Sailor id, Boat id,Day)
Boat Schema (boat id, Boatname, color)
1. Find the age of the youngest sailor for
each ratinglevel?
2. Find the age of the youngest sailor who
is eligible to vote for each rating level
with at lead two suchsailors?
3. Find the No.of reservations for each
redboat?
4 Consider the following schema: Understand ----- CO9
Suppliers(sid: integer, sname: string,
address: string) Parts(pid: integer, pname:
string, color: string) Catalog(sid: integer, pid:
integer, cost: real) The Catalog relation lists
the prices charged for parts by Suppliers.
Answer the following questions: Give an
 example of an updatable view involving one
relation.
1. Give an example of an updatable view
involving two relations.
2. Give an example of an insertable-into
view that is updatable.
3. Give an example of an insertable-into
view that is not updatable.
5 Consider following relations in DB Apply Recall the concept of relations CO9
and solve the queries: Student in DB and construct he given
(GR_NO, name, gender, address, city, example
class) Marks (GR_NO, sub1, sub2,
sub3, total, per)
1. Display the student of 'FYBCA' and
'TYBCA'. (2 mark each)
2. Display the marks of student
whosegr_no>100.
3. Count the no of girlsinFYBCA.
4. count the no: of first class students inTYBCA.
6 Consider a relation scheme R = (A, B, C, D, Understand Recall the concept of relations CO10
E, H) on which the following functional scheme and construct he
dependencies hold: {A–>B, BC–> D, E–>C, given example
D–>A}. Write the candidate keys of R.
7 Consider the following relational schemes Understand Recall the concept of relations CO9
for a library database: Book (Title, Author, in DB and construct he given
Catalog_no, Publisher, Year, Price) example
Collection (Title, Author, Catalog_no)
the following are functional dependencies:
Title Author -->Catalog_no
Catalog_no --> Title
Author Publisher Year
Publisher Title Year -->
Price
Assume {Author, Title} is the key for both
schemes. Apply the appropriate normal form
for Book Cancellation.
8 Consider a schema R (A, B, C, D) and Understand Recall the concept of relations CO10
functional dependencies A in DB and construct he given
-> B and C ->D.Solve and find whether the example
decomposition of R into R1 (A, B) and
R2(C, D) belongs to which one or both
(dependency preserving and loss less join)?
9 Show Remember ----- CO10
that:
if α
→β
and α
→γ
then α → βγ.
10 Consider the relation R(A,B,C,D,E,F) and Apply Recall the concept of CO10
FDs decomposition and construct
A → BC, F → A, C → AD → E, E → D AD he given example
is the
decompositionofRintoR1(A,C,D)R2(B,C,D)
andR3(E,F,D)
 loss less? Explain the requirement of Lossless
decomposition.
11 Define BCNF. How does BCNF differ from Remember ----- CO11
3NF? Explain with an example.
12 Suppose the schema R(A,B,C,D,E) is Understand Recall the concept of CO11
decomposed into (A,B,C) and (A,D,E)show decomposition and construct
that the decomposition is not a dependency he given example
preserving decomposition if the following
set of FD hold A→
BC, CD→ E, B→ D, E→ A.
13 What is the need of Normalization in Understand Recall the concept of relational CO11
relational Database design? Database design and discuss
Explain “Dependency Preservation” in Normalization
Database design?
14 Suppose that we have the following three Understand ------ CO10
tuples in a legal instance of a relation
schema S with three attributes ABC (listed in
order): (1,2,3), (4,2,3), and (5,3,3). Which of
the following dependencies can you infer
does not hold over schemaS?
(a) A → B, (b) BC → A, (c) B → C
MODULE - IV

TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT

Part – A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Define a Transaction. List the properties of Remember ------ CO11
transaction?
2 Discuss different phases of transaction? Remember ------ CO11

3 Discuss recoverable schedules? Remember ------ CO11

4 Discuss cascade less schedules? Understand ------ CO11

5 Define Two Phase Commit protocol? Remember ------ CO11

6 Demonstrate the implementation of Isolation? Remember ------ CO11

7 Discuss the Procedure to test Serializability? Understand Recall the concept of CO11
Serializability and write the
procedure for test serilizability
8 List different types of locks and write about Remember ------ CO12
compatibility among
them?
9 Discuss about Failure Classification? Remember ------ CO13

10 Define a checkpoint? Remember ------ CO13

11 Discuss the failures that can occur with loss of Remember ------ CO14
Non-volatile storage?
12 Demonstrate Conflict Serializability? Understand Recall the concept of CO12
Serializability and construct
example for Conflict
serilizability
13 Discuss View Serializability? Remember -------- CO12
14 Explain the distinction between serial Understand Recall the concept of CO12
schedule and serializable schedule with Serializability and indentify
examples? differences between serial and
serializable
15 How Consistency of a transaction preserved? Understand Recall the concept of CO12
Concurrent transactions and
construct example for
preservation.
16 When two instructions are conflict to each Understand Recall the concept of CO12
other? conflicting and write example
for Conflict instructions
17 Indicate the importance of Isolation property Understand Recall the concept of CO12
of a Transaction? transaction properties and
extend isolation importance
with example
18 State the property atomicity of a Transaction? Remember Recall the concept of CO12
Serializability and write
example for Conflict
serilizability
19 Explain about transaction states with a neat Understand Recall the concept of CO12
diagram? Transaction and draw state
diagram for transaction life
cycle.
20 Discuss about Schedule and Recoverability? Understand Recall the concept of Schedule CO14
and explain how transaction
can be recovered from failure.
Part – B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Explain ACID properties and Illustrate them Remember ------ CO12
through examples?
2 Discuss How do you implement Atomicity Understand Recall the concept of CO12
and Durability? transaction properties and
extend implementation of
atomicity and Durability
properties.
3 Illustrate Concurrent execution of transaction Remember ------ CO13
with examples?
4 Discuss Serializability in detail with an Remember ------ CO13
example?
5 Discuss two phase locking protocol and strict Understand Recall the concept of CO13
two phase locking protocols? concurrent Transaction and
explain two phase Locking
Protocol
Describe Timestamp based locking
6 Remember ------ CO13
protocols?
7 Describe Validation-based locking protocols? Remember ------ CO13
8 Discuss in detail Multiple Granularity? Understand Recall the concept of data CO14
storage and explain how data
can be divided int granularity
livel.
9 Explain in detail Storage structure? Remember ------ CO15
10 Discuss Deferred database modification and Remember ------ CO14
Immediate database modification?
11 Discuss how you recover from Concurrent Remember ------ CO14
transactions?
12 Explain Buffer Management with a neat Understand Recall the concept of data CO15
diagram? storage and explain the role of
buffer in data transfer process
13 Explain different types of Advanced Remember ------ CO14
Recovery Techniques.
14 Write in detail about Remote Backup Remember ------ CO14
systems?
15 Explain the Check point log based recovery Remember ------ CO14
scheme for recovering the database.
16 When a transaction is rolled back under Remember ------ CO13
timestamp ordering, it is assigned a new
timestamp. Why can it not simply keep its old
timestamp?
17 Consider the following schedule S1. Understand Recall the concept of CO13
S1=r3(y), r3(z), r1(x), w1(x), w3(y), w3(z), serializable schedule and
r2(z), r1(y), w1(y), r2(y), w2(y), r2(x), w2(x) verify the given schedule is
CheckwhetherS1isserializableornot.Ifitisseri serial or serializable.
alizable,write its equivalent serial schedule.
18 With a neat diagram explain NO-UNDO/NO- Remember ------ CO14
REDO recovery mechanism in transaction
processing?
19 Explain the serializable and non serializable Remember ------ CO13
schedule?
20 Suppose that there is a database system that Remember ------ CO14
never fails. Analyze whether a recovery
manager required for this system.
Part – C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking)
1 Consider the following transactions Understand CO12
with data items P and Q initialized
to zero:
T1: read(P);
read(Q);
If P=0 then
Q:=Q+1;
write(Q); T2:
read(Q);
read(P);
If Q=0 then P:=P+1; write(P);
Solve and find any non-serial interleaving of
T1 and T2 for
concurrent execution leads to a serializable
schedule or non serializable schedule.
Explain.
2 Analyze which of the following concurrency Remember CO13
control protocols ensure both conflict
serializability and freedom from deadlock?
3 Suppose that we have only two types of Understand Recall the concept of CO13
transactions, T1 and T2. Transactions serializable schedule and
preserve database consistency when run verify the given schedule is
individually. We have defined several serial or serializable.
integrity constraints such that the DBMS
never executes any SQL statement that
 brings the database into an inconsistent state.
Assume that the DBMS does not perform
any concurrency control. Give an example
schedule of two transactions T 1 and T 2 that
satisfies all these conditions, yet produces a
database instance that is not the result of any
serial execution of T 1 and T2.
4 Suppose that there is a database system that Understand ------ CO14
never fails. Analyze whether a recovery
manager required for this system.
5 Explain the Immediate database Remember ------ CO14
Modification‟ technique for using the Log to
Ensure transaction atomicity despite failures.
6 Consider the following actions taken by Understand Recall the concept of CO13
transaction T1 on database objects X and Y transaction processing and find
: R(X), W(X), R(Y), W(Y) schedule for the given
Give an example of another transaction T 2 problem.
that, if run concurrently to transaction T
without some form of concurrency control,
could interfere with T 1.
1. Explain how the use of Strict 2PL would
prevent interference between the two
transactions.
2. Strict 2PL is used in many database systems.
Give two reasons for its popularity.
7 Suppliers(sid: integer, sname: string, Understand Recall the concept of CO12
address: string) Parts(pid: integer, pname: transaction processing and find
string, color: string) Catalog(sid: integer, queries in SQl for the given
pid: integer, cost: real) problem..
The Catalog relation lists the prices charged
for parts by Suppliers.
For each of the following transactions, state
the SQL isolation level that you would use
and explain why you chose it.
1. Atransaction that add sanew parttoa
supplier‟s catalog.
2. A transaction that increases the price that a
supplier charges for apart.
8 Answer each of the following questions Understand Recall the concept of Locking CO12
briefly. protocols and explain the
The questions are based on the following queries in given scenario.
relational schema: Emp(eid: integer, ename:
string, age: integer, salary: real, did: integer)
Dept(did: integer, dname: string, floor:
integer)
and on the following update command:
replace (salary = 1.1 * EMP.salary) where
EMP.ename = „Santa‟
1. Give an example of a query that would
conflict with this command (in a
concurrency control sense) if both were run
at the sametime.
2. Explain what could go wrong, and how
locking tuples would solve the problem.
3. Give an example of a query or a command
 that would conflict with this command, such
that the conflict could not be resolved by just
locking individual tuples or pages but
requires indexlocking.
9 Suppose that we have only two types of Understand Recall the concept of CO13
transactions, T 1 and T 2. Transactions transaction processing and find
preserve database consistency when run Schedule for the given
individually. We have defined several problem..
integrity constraints such that the DBMS
never executes any SQL statement that
brings the database into an inconsistent state.
Assume that the DBMS does not perform
any concurrency control. Give an example
schedule of two transactions T 1 and T 2 that
satisfies all these conditions, yet produces a
database instance that is notthe result of any
serial execution of T 1 and T 2.
10 What are the roles of the Analysis, Redo, and Remember ------ CO14
Undo phases in ARIES?
MODULE - V

DATA STORAGE AND QUERY PROCESSING

Part - A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Write about data on External storage. Remember ----- CO16

2 Illustrate Clustered Indexes. Remember ----- CO16

3 Discuss the Primary and Secondary indexes. Remember ----- CO16

4 Define Tree Indexing. Remember ----- CO17

5 Describe Storage Hierarchy. Remember ----- CO16

6 Discuss the intuition for Tree Indexes. Remember ----- CO18

7 Define Indexed Sequential Access Method. Remember ----- CO16

8 Discuss about Overflow pages and Locking Remember ----- CO16
considerations of ISAM.
9 Describe structure of B+ tree node. Remember ----- CO17

10 Compare dynamic and static hash techniques. Remember ----- CO17

11 What is timestamp? Remember ----- CO13

12 Define Timestamp Ordering Protocol? Remember ----- CO13

13 What is log? Remember ----- CO14

14 What is deferred modification? Remember ----- CO14

15 What is blind write? Remember ----- CO14

16 Describe immediate database modification Remember ----- CO14

17 Describe deferred database modification. Remember ----- CO13

18 What is transaction failure? Remember ----- CO13

19 Identify when a Transaction system is in dead Remember ----- CO14
lock state?
20 What is locking protocol? Remember ----- CO14
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)

1 Why do you need concurrency in Remember ----- CO13

Transactions?
2 Discuss States of Transactions With a neat Remember ----- CO13
diagram?
3 What is Concurrency Control? Potential problemsofConcurrency
Remember ----- CO13
4 Why use Concurrency method with an Remember ----- CO13
example?
5 Discuss Concurrency Control Protocols with Remember ----- CO13
an example?
6 Discuss Lock-based Protocols with an Remember ----- CO13
example?
7 Discuss Two Phase Locking (2PL) Protocol Remember ----- CO12
with an example?
8 Write about Strict Two-Phase Locking Remember ----- CO12
Method?
9 Discuss Timestamp-based Protocols with an Remember ----- CO12
example?
10 Write about Characteristics of Good Remember ----- CO13
Concurrency Protocol?
11 Discuss Timestamp Ordering Protocol? Remember ----- CO12
12 Illustrate insertion of an element in B+ trees Remember ----- CO16
with example.
13 Illustrate deletion of an element in B+ trees Remember ----- CO16
with example.
14 Write in detail about Static Hashing. Remember ----- CO16

15 Explain in detail about Extendible Hashing. Remember ----- CO16

16 Explain in detail about Linear Hashing. Remember ----- CO14

17 Write about Recovery Facilities with an Remember ----- CO12
example
18 Write about Complete Schedules with an Remember ----- CO12
example
19 Discuss the relation between various types of Remember ----- CO13
schedules?
20 Write about the Need for Concurrency Remember ----- CO13
Control
Part – C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking)
1 Write about conflict operations with an Remember ----- CO12
example?
2 Discuss Conflict serializable schedule with an Remember ----- CO12
example?
 3 A clustering index is defined on the fields of Remember ----- CO15
which type? Analyze them.
4 Calculate the minimum space utilization for a Remember ----- CO16
B+ tree index?
5 Explain about the B - tree and the structure of Remember ----- CO16
B + tree in detail with an example.
6 Explain the distinction between closed and Understand Recall the concept of hashing CO17
open hashing. Discuss the relative merits of and explain merits and
each technique in database applications demerits hashing techniques
7 Suppose that we are using extendable hashing Apply Recall the concept of hashing CO17
on a file that contains records with and solve the given problem.
the following search-key values:
2,3,5,7,11,17,19,23,29,31 Show the
extendable hash
structure for this file if the hash function is
h(x) = x mod 8 and buckets can hold
three records.
8 Compare Tree indices and Hash Indices. Understand Recall the concept of indexing CO17
and compare the hash and tree
indices.
9 Explain the time stamp ordering Remember CO13
concurrency control technique with an
example.
10 Consider the following schedule: Understand Recall the concept of CO13
R1(A), W2(A), Commit2, W1(A), W3(A), serializable schedule and solve
Commit3, Commit1 The find Schedule is the given problem.
serializable schedule and is not strict
recoverable schedule.S:

Prepared by:
Ms. A Rajitha, Assistant Professor HOD,ME