First Principles: The Building Blocks of True Knowledge
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st principles thinking Is one ofthe best ways to revese-enginoer complicated problems and unleash
‘creative possibly, Sometimes called reasoning from first principles" the idea isto break down
‘complicated problems into basic elements and then reassemble them from the ground up. t's one ofthe
best ways to eam to thnk for yourself, unlock your creative potential and move from linear to nominesr
reaults.
“This approach was used bythe phlosopher Aristotle end is used now by Elon Musk and Challe Munger.
allows them to cut through the fog of shady reasoning and inadequate analogies to see opportunities that
others mise
“I don't know what's the matter with people: they don't learn by understanding; they learn
by some other way—by rote or something. Their knowledge is so fragile!”
= Richard Feynman
The Basics
‘fist principe i a foundational proposition or assumption that stands alone We cannot deduce frst
Principles from anyother proposition or assumption.
‘Aristotle, wrtngllon fest principles, salt
| incvry systematic inuiry (methods) where there ar fist principles, or causes, or lemons, knowledge nd
science rs fom sogiring knowledge of these; for we think we know something jt in case we acquis
owwladge of th primary cases, the primary frst principles, al the way othe lene.Later he connected the idea to knowledge, firing fst principles
known
theft base from which athing is
The search for fist principle snot unique to plosophy. All great thinkers dot
Reasoning by ft principles removes the Impurty of assumptions and conventions. What remains is the
essentials. sone of the best mental models yu can use to improve you thinking because the essentials
allon you to see were reasoning by enelogy mght lead you ata.
The Coach and the Play Stealer
My fiend Mike Lombardi (a former NFL execute) and I were having dnein L.A. one night, andhe sig
Not everyone that's a coach is realy @ coach. Some of them are ust play steers.”
Every play we see inthe NFL ws at some point create by someone who though, What would happen if
the payers cid this” and went out and tested he idea, Since then, thousands not milons, of plays have
been created, That's part of what coaches do. They assess what's physically possible, along with the
veekresses ofthe other teams and the capablts oftheir own players, and create plays that are designed
to give ther teams an advantage,
“The coach reasons from fist principles. The rues of fotbal are the fist principles: they govern what you
can and cen do. Everything is possible as lng as isnot against the ules.
“The pay stealer works off what's already been done, Sue, maybe he adds a tweak here or there, butby and
large he's just copying something that someone else created.
Wile both the coach and te play stealer start fom something that alresdy exist, they generally have