Name: Tan, Ixia Brigette Date: December 9, 2019

Amahan, Renz Angelo

Degollacion, Plutarch Romiel
Miranda, Sam Ezra

Section: ST12A1 Instructor: Ms. Stella Marie Neri

RESEARCH PLAN

Chemistry Group

A. Rationale:
In the field of electronics, medicine, antibacterial therapy, and so on, nanotechnology paved the
way to discover numerous amazing benefits in our daily lives. The importance of this research is
to use algae as an extractor of silver nanoparticles that will be used to remove bad smells and
increase their antimicrobial capacity of socks as some studies show that silver (Ag) is known for
being antibacterial agent. The effect of this study would benefit society as bad smell is a major
hygiene problem common to humans that needs to be addressed.
B. Question: Does adding extracted silver nanoparticles increases antibacterial ability and removes bad
odor of socks?
Problem: To identify if applying silver nanoparticles on the socks removes bad odor and increases its
antibacterial ability.
C. Hypothesis:
H a : There is a significant difference between applying and without applying Silver nanoparticles
(AgNP’s) on the socks in terms of its antibacterial ability and odor.
H o : There is no significant difference between applying and without applying Silver nanoparticles
(AgNP’s) on the socks in terms of its antibacterial ability and odor.
D. Methodology:
I. Equipment and Materials
During the experimentation, there are equipment and apparatuses that will be used such as
Magnetic Hotplate, Beakers & Stirrers, Erlenmeyer flask, Burette, Sterile Petri Dishes, Filter
Paper, Fine Spraying Bottle, Measuring Cylinder, and Weighing Balance. The materials and
chemicals that will be used are 125mL Agar, 5 pair of socks, 20mg Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)
powder (99.98%) reagent grade, 300mL (0.3M) Distilled Water, and 50g Pond Scum
(Chlorella) sample.
II. Product Design

Fiber fused with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP’s) to protect its wearers from bacteria that can
cause diseases and the socks is also anti-odor.
III. Procedure in Creating the Product
 Sample (Chlorella) Collection
Pond scum (Chlorella) will be collected from the Fish pond. To maintain the freshness, the
Chlorella samples were instantly kept in a polythene bag with natural seawater.
 Making the Aqueous Extract of the Chlorella
This procedure was based by the study of Kathiraven, Sundaramanickam, Shanmugam, and
Balasubramanian (2014). First, Chlorella samples will be taken in a fish pond. Second, setup
the magnetic hotplate with a beaker on it. Third, put 50g of Chlorella samples in 200mL
(2mM) Distilled Water and set the temperature to 80°C - 90°C. After some time the water
will turn into greenish, indicating the formation of the Aqueous extract of the Chlorella.
Fourth, get a filter paper and put the aqueous extract in another beaker.
 Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
This procedure was based by the study of Kathiraven et al. (2014). For the green synthesis
process, Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) will be used as precursor. First, put the aqueous extract into
the burette to use as reducing agent. Second, put 20mg of Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) in 100mL
(1mM) Distilled Water in an Erlenmeyer flask, cover it with an aluminum foil to avoid
photo degradation of Silver and set the temperature to 60°C - 70°C. Third, add the aqueous
extract drop-wise very slowly until light it appears light yellowish in color, then stop further
addition of aqueous extract after the color change. Light yellow color indicates the formation
of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in water.
  Integrating Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in socks
This procedure was based by the study of Lema, Hurtado, and Barragán (2017). First, 3
pieces of socks were dipped the AgNP’s solution for a period of 10 minutes, after which the
excess solution was removed from the socks and subjected to a drying process at 90 °C for
10 minutes; finally, the samples were cured at 120 °C for 3 minutes.
 Antibacterial Assay and Odor test
A pair of socks will be worn by 3 respondents, one of it is a normal sock and the other
contains the Silver Nanoparticles. The respondent will undergo some physical / recreational
activities in order to produce some micrococcus through sweat. After the activity, the
researchers will then conduct an Odor test and samples of it will be cut off and put it in a
petri dish (separating the sock with and without Silver Nanoparticles) with agar in it to test
its anti-microbial ability. After a day, observations will be made by comparing the samples
via a microbiological culture.
 Silver Nanoparticle Analysis
Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) will used to
identify the size, shape and morphology of Silver nanoparticles.

IV. Experimental Design

A pair of socks will be worn by 3 respondents, one of it is a normal sock and the other
contains the Silver Nanoparticles. The respondent will undergo some physical / recreational
activities in order to produce some micrococcus through sweat. After the activity, the
researchers will then conduct an Odor test and samples of it will be cut off and put it in a petri
dish (separating the sock with and without Silver Nanoparticles) with agar in it to test its anti-
microbial ability. After a day, observations will be made by comparing the samples via a
microbiological culture.
V. Data Analysis
Through smelling the researchers can conclude whether the socks are anti-odor or not and
through observation the researchers can conclude whether the socks do have an antibacterial
ability. To further support the data, the researchers will use One Sample T-test at a 5%
significance level.
VI. Discussion of Results and Conclusion
The researchers assume that the socks do have an antibacterial ability and anti-odor.
E. Bibliography

Huiliang, C. (Ed.). (2017). Silver nanoparticles for antibacterial devices biocompatibility and toxicity.
NY: CRC Press.

Shukla, A. K., & Iravani, S. (2019). Green synthesis, characterization and applications of nanoparticles
(pp. 548). NY: Elsevier.

Edwards, B. (Ed.). (2017). Silver nanoparticles: advances in research and applications (pp.222). UK:
Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Singh, D. &Sekhon A. K. (2015). Bioactivity of green synthesised silver nanoparticles: Phytochemicals

as synthesis agent (pp.94). Germany: GRIN Verlag.

Maaz et. al. (2018).Silver nanoparticles fabrication, characterization and applications (pp.95). UK:
IntechOpen.

Morais, D. S. et. al. (2016). Antimicrobial approaches for textiles: From research to market. Retrieved
from: doi:10.3390 /ma9060498

Arkitektkopia, S. (2015). Antibacterial treatment of clothes. Retrieved from:

https://www.kemi.se/global/pm/2015/pm-8-15-antibacterial-treatment-of-clothes.pdf

Kedziora, A. et. al. (2018). Similarities and differences between silver ions and silver in nanoforms as
antibacterial agents. Retrieved from: doi:10.3390/ijms19020444

Rani, R., Sandal, N., & Sahoo P. (2018). A comprehensive review on chlorella- its composition, health
benefits, market and regulatory scenario. ND: Pharma Innovation Journal.

Lema, S., P., Hurtado, S. G., & Barragan, V. G. (2017). Improvement of silver nanoparticle impregnation
on cotton fabrics using a binder. CO: Revista Facultad de Ingernieria.