Theorem: Ifn Z and nis even, then n? is even Proof: (LA) Let n € Z be even. (L2) Then, 3a € Z such that. n = 2a (13) Now, n? = 4a? = 2(202) (4) Let b = 2a? (15) Then, n? = 2, (L6) Therefore, n? is even, (L7) Hence if n is even then n? is even also.1. Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of 3? @ There © For all. O An element of. 2. According to the theorem, which of the following is the most appropriate defintion of n? Q n belongs to the positive even integers. O n belongs to the positive even integers greater than 2. @ n belongs to the even integers. 3, Which of the following best summarises the structure of the proof? © nis a positive, even, real number which satisfies that definition, If you square this number, you get 4a? which is equivalent to 2(2a) Letting the inside of the bracket be another number, b, the proof shows that n? is a @ nis an even integer. This definition is used in line (1.2) If you square this mumber, you get 4a? which is equivalent to 2(202) Letting the inside of the bracket be another number, b, the proof shows that n? is even ‘Thus, from an even number, the square is shown to also be even, proving the theorem. © nisa positive, even integer which satisfies that definition. If you square this number, you get da? which is equivalent to 2(2a?) Letting the inside of the bracket. be another number, b, the proof shows that n? is even. ‘Thus, from an even mumber, the square is shown to also be even, proving the theorem.4, If the theorem had stated "If n Z and n is odd, then n? is odd”, which of the following would best explain how the proof would be structured? @ 2» would be odd in the opening line. Line (L2) would state that n = 2a+ 1, the definition of an odd number Lines (L3) would show that the square of this gives 2a(2a +2) +1. Line (LA) would lot 6 = 2a 42. ‘The rest of the proof would show that by doing this, the definition of an odd mumber is satisfied. O n would be odd in the opening line. Line (L2) would state that = 24+ 3, the definition of an odd number Lines (13) would show that the square of this gives 2a(2e +3). Line (L4) would let b= 2a, ‘The rest of the proof would show that by doing this, you get n® = 6(2a +3), similar to the original proof. (© The proof would be same except every “even” would be replaced by “odd 5. If n= 2.2, would the theorem hold? © Yes it would because m is even. @ No it wouldn't because n ¢ Z. © Yes but because n € R, it does not meet the criteria of the theorem. 6. Which of the following best describes the logical relation between lines (L3), (15) and (16)? © The lines are logically independent. @ (6) logically depends on statements made in both lines (L3) and (15). © (15) logically de deponds on stat pends on statements made in line (L3) and line (L6) logically s made in line (15) 7. If = 2(i2) where i is the complex number Y—1, would the theorem hold? @ Yes it would because n is even and n € Z. © No it wouldn't because n ¢ Z since i € C. © No because n is an odd, negative number8. If the theorem had stated "If n € Z* and n is even, then n? is even", which of the following would best explain how the proof would be structured © The proof would open with *Let n € Z and let n= 1." ‘Then, using the process of proof hy induction, one could then easily prove the theorem. @ Alln €Z would be replaced with n € Z+. The rest of the proof would remain the same. © The proof would need to show that when n = 0,n? = 0 which is even also as this is a special case, All n € Z would then be replaced with n € Z* and the rest of the proof would remain the same. 2b? 9. What is the purpose of stating n® © This is the coutrapositive step to prove the theorem. © This is the induetive step to prove the theorem. @ This shows that n® is an even nuniber also. 10. Which of the following best summarises why the proof states “Therefore, n? is even” in line (L6)? @ Although this is shown in line (L5), it confirms to the reader that the previous line does indeed show that n? is even as required, © This is the goal of the proof and logically works with line (L5) to show that as long is an even number, n? will also be even as © This shows the contradiction and prevents the reader from assuming that n? ean be odd also 11. Which of the following best exp! @ Because t © We don't have to state this but it is extra information for the reader is why we let b = 2a? in line (L4)? is gets us back to the definition of an even number. © Because this sets up the contradiction in the proof between lines (L6) and (17) 12. Which of the following best. describes the logical relation between lines (L4) and (L5) O The fines are logically independent © (14) logically depends on statements made in line (15). @ (15) logically depends on statements made in line (1).13. Which of the following best. explains why line (L2) states Ja € Z such that n = 2a? © Because we cannot use n? to prove something that involves n?, we have to use an alternative value. @ Because this is the definition of an even number which sets up the proof, © It does not need to state this, however this is extra information for the reader.