‘Theorem: Ine &, then 2" > InW¥n>2 Proof: (L1) Let n €Z and let n= 3. (L2) Then, 2* = 8 > 6. (L3) Assume P(k) is correct for some positive integer k. (14) Then, 2 > 2k. (U5) Now, 241 = 22 > 2x 2k = 2(k + 1) (L6) So, P(k-+ 1) is correct. (L7) Hence P(n) is correct Yn € Z,n > 2.line (Li)? © Because 3 > 2 so it meets the theorem definition. It could justifyably be any other number greater than 3, 1. Which of the following best explains why we © We don’t have to state this but it is extra information for the reader @ Because $ > 2 so it meets the theorem definition and acts as the first step of the induction process, 2. Which of the following best describes the logical relation between lines (L3), (L5) and (Ley? © The linos are logically independent @ (L6) logically depends on statements made in both lines (L3) and (1.5) © (L5) logically depends on statements nade in line (L8) and line (L6) logically depends on statements made in line (L5). 3. If the theorem had stated "If n € Z, then 2" > n Vn > 0”, which of the following would best explain how the proof would be structured? © n would equal 1 in the opening line. Lines (L3) and (L4) would be the same. Line (L5) would state 2+" x2 >2xk=(k+1). @ The opening line would state: "If m = 0 then 2° = 1> 2% 0=0. ‘Then, let. n € Zand n= 1 One would then assune 2" > k. Then, forn =k +1, 2441 = 2x2 >2xk © The proof would be same except every 2k would be replaced by k and ove would be replaced by n. |V144], would the theorem hold? +1 by the inductive hypothesis. Qn 4 in @ Yes it would because n > 2 and n € Z. © No it wouldn't because although n > 2, n ¢ Z, © Perhaps but because n € RB, it does not meet the criteria of the theorem 5. If = 2.1, would the theorem hold? © Yes it would because n > 2 @ No it wouldn't because n ¢ Z QO Yes but because n € IR, it does not meet the criteria of the theorem.6, Which of the following best explains why line (L2) states 2° = 8 > 6? @ Because 6 = 2n so it is showing for n = 3, 2" > 2n. © Because 6 > 2 s0 it is showing the theorem definition is met. O It does not need to state this, however this is extra information for the reader 7. If the theorem had stated "If n € Z*, then 2n < 2"” ; Which of the following would best explain how the proof would be structured? © The proof would open wi Then, using the proc theorem. h "Let n € Z and let n= 1." of proof by induction, one could then easily prove the @ The proof would open with "Let n € Z* and let n = 1." Then, using the process of proof by induction, one could then easily prove the theorem, © The proof would need to show that when n Then, let n=1,n=kandn=k+1. ‘Then, using the process of proof by contraposition, one could then easily prove the theorem, 0,2x0=0<2=1 8. What is the purpose of assuming P(k) is correct for some positive integer k? O This is the contrapositive step. @ This is the O This is the contradictive step. 9. Which of the followi dluctive step. best describes the logical relation between lines (L2) and (LA)? @ The lines are logically independent. © (12) logically depends on statements made in line (1) (TA) logically depends on stai ments made in line (L2), 10, Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of ¥? © There exists. @ For all © An clement of.11, Which of the following best summarises why the proof states P(k-+ 1) is correet in Hine (16)? © 2! = 2x 2k, Since 2* > 2k by line (L5), 2 x 24 > 2 x 2k We can re-write 2 x 2k as 2(k + 1) and hence, P(k + 1) is correct. © 2! — 2x 2k, Since 2* > 2k by the contrapositive step, 2 x 24 > 2 x 2k. 2x 2k can be written as 2(k+ 1) = P(k +1) so P(k + 1) is correct. @ 24! = 2 x 2 and clearly 2* > 2k. Since 2 = 2,2 x 2 > 2x 2k Since 2 x 2k = 2(k-+1) = Pk+1) so P(k + 1) is correct. 12, Which of the following best summarises why 21 = 2 x 2 > 2 x 2k = 2(k +1)? @ 2x 2k can be rewritten as 2(k +1) so 2 x 2 > 2 x 2k +1). @ 21 2 x 2k and clearly 2 > 2k. Clearly, 2 = 2, therefore 2 x 2" > 2 x 2k. Since 2 x 2k = 2(k +1) = P(k-+1) so P(k + 1) is correct. G 2x 2 > 2x 2% by line (14), By the induction hypothesis, if n = k +1, then 2x2 > 2x Bk SM > 2 => P >In = > Ak-+1). Hence, 2x 2 > Wk-+ 1). 13. According to the theorem, which of the following is the most appropriate defintion of n? C n belongs to the positive integers. @ 2% belongs to the positive integers greater than 2. C m belongs to the integers. 10