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    11 views26 pages

    KAT AIF Vigas Pórticos 26 Hibbeler R 2015

    Uploaded by

    Andres Felipe Angulo Roa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 26
    160 Chapter 4 INTERNAL LOADINGS DeveLorEo IN STRUCTURAL MEMBERS 4.4 Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Frame Recall that a frame is composed of several connected members that are either fixed or pin connected at their ends, The design of these structures often requires drawing the shear and moment diagrams for each of the ‘members. To analyze any problem, we can use the procedure for analysis outlined in Sec. 4.3. This requires first determining the reactions at the frame supports. Then, using the method of sections, we find the axial force, shear force, and moment acting at the ends of each member. Provided all loadings are resolved into components acting parallel and perpendicular to the member's axis, the shear and moment diagrams for each member can then be drawn as described previously. When drawing the moment diagram, one of two sign conventions is used in practice. In particular, ifthe frame is made of reinforced concrete, designers often draw the moment diagram positive on the tension side of the frame. In other words, if the moment produces tension on the outer surface of the frame, the moment diagram is drawn positive on this side. Since conerete has a low tensile strength, it will then be possible to tell at ‘a glance on which side of the frame the reinforcement steel must be placed. In this text, however, we will use the opposite sign convention and always draw the moment diagram positive on the compression side of the member. This convention follows that used for beams discussed in Sec. 4.1. ‘The following examples illustrate this procedure numerically. ‘The simply supported girder of this concrete building frame was designed by first drawing its shear and moment diagrams, 4.4. SieaR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS FOR A FRAME 161 Draw the moment diagram for the tapered frame shown in Fig. 416a. Assume the support at A is a roller and B is a pin, 6x Sk 1k 1Sktt isket [15 —§_| rr 3k 3k 3k : 3k Sit 1st sk, ok isk ik M a Meet) t K © a Fig. 416 HD SOLUTION Support Reactions. The support reactions are shown on the free-body member CB diagram of the entire frame, Fig. 4-16b. Using these results, the frame is then sectioned into two members, and the internal reactions at the joint x(t) ends of the members are determined, Fig. 4-16c. Note that the external al, 5- load is shown only on the free-body diagram of the joint at C. Moment Diagram. In accordance with our positive sign convention, and using the techniques discussed in Sec. 4.3, the moment diagrams for men the frame members are shown in Fig. 416d. as member AC @ 162 Chapter 4 INTERNAL LOADINGS DeveLoreo IN STRUCTURAL MEMBERS Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the frame shown in Fig 4-17, Assume A is a pin, Cis a roller, and B is a fixed joint. 40kN/m 80kN A,=25EN © Fig. 4-17 SOLUTION Support Reactions. The free-body diagram of the entire frame is. shown in Fig. 4-176, Here the distributed load, which represents wind loading, has been replaced by its resultant, and the reactions have been computed. The frame is then sectioned at joint B and the internal loadings at B are determined, Fig. 417. As a check, equilibrium is satisfied at joint B, which is also shown in the figure. Shear and Moment Diagrams. The components of the distributed Toad, (72 KN)/(S m) 14.4 KN/m and (96 KN)/(5m) = 19.2 kN/m, are shown on member AB, Fig. 4-I7d. The associated shear and ‘moment diagrams are drawn for each member as shown in Figs. 4-174 and 4-17e. 4.4. SieaR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS FOR A FRAME 163 x(a) MON-m) 436 @ AT0KN-m, ase meal] 5 25kN vax) MON-m) 170 e al) Ue ‘atm @ IS 80KN 2SkN 165 x(a) © 164 Chapter 4 INTERNAL LOADINGS DeveLoreo IN STRUCTURAL MEMBERS ogi k/ty (oasis kN (L44 f) = 2K 2k w Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the frame shown in Fig. 4-18a. Assume A is a pin, C is a roller, and B is a fixed joint. Neglect the thickness of the members. SOLUTION Notice that the distributed load acts over a length of 10 ft V2 = 14,14 ft, The reactions on the entire frame are calculated and shown on its free-body diagram, Fig. 4-185. From this diagram the free-body diagrams of each member are drawn, Fig. 4-18c. The distributed loading on BChas components along BCand perpendicular toiits axis of (0.1414 k/ft) cos 45° = (0.1414 k/ft) sin 45° = 0.1k/ft as shown. Using these results, the shear and moment diagrams are also shown in Fig. 4-180. oa kytt sk 2k 2 es sean = € 208 4 asi oA | ell é slt_s ose g a re 4.5 MoMeNT DiacRaMs CONSTRUCTED BY THE MeTHOD OF SUPERPOSTION 4.5 Moment Diagrams Constructed by the Method of Superposition Since beams are used primarily to resist bending stress, it is important that the moment diagram accompany the solution for their design. In Sec. 43 the moment diagram was constructed by first drawing the shear diagram. If we use the principle of superposition, however, each of the loads on the beam can be treated separately and the moment diagram can then be constructed in a series of parts rather than a single and sometimes complicated shape. It will be shown Later in the text that this can be particularly advantageous when applying geometric deflection methods to determine both the deflection of a beam and the reactions on statically indeterminate beams. Most loadings on beams in structural analysis will be a combination of the loadings shown in Fig. 4-19. Construction of the associated moment diagrams has been discussed in Example 4.8 ——). M M My -PL @ © M Cie curve parabolic curve Wak comb? 7 a © @ Fig. 419 165 166 Chapter 4 INTERNAL LOADINGS DeveLorEo IN STRUCTURAL MEMBERS 2k superposition of cantilevered beams aby ay Met) 300% 250 2 ae ont “0 ronson resultant moment diagram — tan moment diag 5 3K " " kj M (k ft),

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