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Organic Fertilizers-From Basic Concepts To Applied Outcomes - Preface
Organic Fertilizers-From Basic Concepts To Applied Outcomes - Preface
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Contributors
Allah Ditta, Dr. Amanullah, Zhifang Li, Yani Ning, Pinchun Diao, Qian Wang, Qingzhong Zhang, Ziliang Zhao, Amjad A.
Ahmad, Theodore Radovich, Hue Nguyen, Jensen Uyeda, Alton Arakaki, Glenn Teves, Jeana Cadby, Robert Paull, Jari
Sugano, Edson Eguchi, Ulysses Cecato, Antonio Saraiva Muniz, Luiz Juliano Valério Geron, Murilo Donizeti Do Carmo,
Dragan Znidarcic, Lovro Sinkovič, Guanghui Yu, Wei Ran, Qirong Shen, George Fouad Antonious, Martha Barajas-
Aceves, Emilio V. Carral Vilariño, Adolfo López, Socorro Seoane, Teresa Rodríguez, Elvira López -Mosquera, Carlos
Caaveiro, Yanling Wang, Hailin Zhang, Naoki Moritsuka, Rafael Vasconcelos Valadares, Lucas De Avila-Silva, Rafael Da
Silva Teixeira, Rodrigo Nogueira De Sousa, Leonardus Vergutz, Kokoasse Kpomblekou-A, Desmond Mortley, Anthony
Ayodeji Adegoke, Oluyemi Olatunji Awolusi, Thor Axel Stenstrom, Jucimare Romaniw, João Carlos De Moraes Sá,
Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira, Thiago Massao Inagaki
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Organic Fertilizers - From Basic Concepts to Applied Outcomes, Edited by Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski
p. cm.
Print ISBN 978-953-51-2449-8
Online ISBN 978-953-51-2450-4
Contents
Preface VII
According to the United Nations, the world population of 6.7 billion is likely to reach 9.2
billion by 2050. The UN Millennium Project report indicated that to keep up with popula‐
tion and economic growth, food production will have to increase by 70% by 2050 to help
solve the current food crisis. This increased food production will have to occur in less availa‐
ble arable crops, and this can only be accomplished by intensifying the production. Agricul‐
ture in the twenty-first century faces several challenges, such as meat production without
growing animals, better irrigation management for agricultural processes, the development
of genetic engineering for drought-tolerant and higher yielding crops, the improvement of
agricultural precision and aquaculture, the sustainable development of biofuels and the pro‐
motion of the organic agriculture around the world, among others. However, intensifying
food production must be done in an environmentally safe manner through ecological inten‐
sification to increase the yield per unit of land, approaching the reachable yield of farming
systems, with minimal or no negative environmental impact.
The world will not be able to meet its food production goals without the use of fertilizers.
Actually, fertilization is responsible for 40–60% of the world’s food production. In this way,
the government’s responsibility is in developing best management practices that use fertiliz‐
ers in an effective, efficient and safe manner, ensuring that good production and environ‐
mental goals are met not only in industrialized nations, but also in developing countries.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), global fertilizers have played
an important role in increased crop production, especially cereal yields, and will continue to
be the key in the future. In the FAO report “World Fertilizer Trends and Outlook to 2018,”
they report that global fertilizer use is likely to rise above 200.5 million tons, 25% higher
than that recorded in 2008. At the same time, the global capacity of synthetic fertilizer prod‐
ucts, intermediates and raw materials will increase with the production of the main three
soil fertilizers, namely, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. The doubling of global production
during the past 35 years was related to a 6.9-fold increase in nitrogen fertilization and a 3.5-
fold increase in phosphorus fertilization. Agriculture practices contribute to over 20% of
global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, agricultural intensification
has had major detrimental impacts on worldwide ecosystems.
Agricultural practices are constantly changing in nature, and fertilization procedures vary
with time due to the emergence of remarkable innovations in crop production practices un‐
der sustainable crop production systems. Since climate change has a direct impact on agri‐
culture systems, environmentally sound farming practices need to be quickly developed.
Organic agriculture offers a major potential to diminish the emissions of agricultural green‐
house gases. This is regarded as a sustainable agricultural system, and taking into consider‐
ation soil fertility conservation for the establishment of an adequate crop system that is
VIII Preface