End of chapter test

9 Representing equivalent quantities:

exponentials and logarithms
Section A. A calculator is not allowed
x
x x 1 x
1 Match the curves f, g, h and p with the functions
= y e= y
, 1= y
,  = y
, 2
2

p
h

2 Copy the graph below with the function f ( x ) = 3x and add the curves

g (x) =
1.5x , h ( x ) =
3x + 2,  p ( x ) =+
3− x 2 and  q ( x ) =
3x +2.

3 Evaluate the log of each number

1
a 10000 b c 0.001 d 102.5
100

e 10 f 10 3 10 g 0

4 Solve for x

2 1
a 3x +2 x
= 27 b 75 − x = c 53 x = 25x −1 d 22 −3 x = 82 x −3
49

5=   and  logx 5 q   ,  find expressions in terms of p and q for

If logx 2 p=

a logx 2.5  b logx 40  c log2 5 

x
If a ln
6= = x, b ln y , a=
nd  c ln z,  write ln 2
 in terms of a, b and c.
y z

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 End of chapter test

Section B. A calculator is allowed

7 Solve the following equations to find the value of x to 3 significant figures

a 4x = 9 b e3 x − 51− x =
0

ln a
c Solve 6 x = 3x +1 giving your answer in the form where a, b are integers
ln b

1 − log2 ( x − 6 )
8 Solve log2 x =

9 Find the equation of the tangent to the curve f ( x ) = e2 x  at the point where x = 1 .

(
f ( x ) xln 4 − x 2
10 Given = )
a Find f ′ ( x )

b Sketch the curve within the domain −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 .

c Hence write down the solutions of f ′ ( x ) = 0 .

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 End of chapter test

Answers
x
1
1 f is y = 1x , g is y = e x , h is y = 2x and p is y = .
2
2

1
3 a log1000
= log10
= 4
4log10
= 4 b log = log10−2 = −2
100

c log0.001 = log10−3 = −3 d log102.5 = 2.5

4
4
e log 10 log10
= = 0.5
0.5 f log10
= 3
10 log10
= 3
g log0 = 1
3

4 a 3x
2
+2 x
= 27 1 c 53 x = 25x −1 d 22 −3 x = 82 x −3
b 75 − x =
49
( ) ( )
2 x −1 2 x −3
3x +2 x
= 33 53 x = 52
  22 −3 x = 23
5− x −2
7 =7
x 2 + 2x =
3  3=
x 2x − 2 2 − 3x = 6 x − 9
5−x =−2
x 2 + 2x − 3 =0  2
x = − 9 x = 11
x =7
( x + 3) ( x − 1) =
0
x =
11
9
x = −3,1

5 a logx 2.5 = q − p 
logx 5 −  logx 2 =

b logx 40 =
 logx 8 log
+ x 5 =
 logx 23  log
+ x 5 =
 
3 logx 2 log
+ x 5 =
 
3p + q

logx 5 q
c log2 5
= =
logx 2 p

x
6 ln 2
=lnx − lny 2 − ln z
y z

x 1 1
ln =lnx − 2lny − lnz =a − 2b − c
y 2
z 2 2

7 a log 4x = log9 b e3 x − 51− x =

0 c ln 6 x = ln3x +1
 log
x 4 = log9 e3 x = 51− x x ln6
= (x + 1)ln3
x=ln6 x ln3 + ln3
log9 lne3 x = ln51− x
= 1.58
x = x ln6 − x ln3 = ln3
log 4 3xlne
= (1 − x ) ln5 x(ln6 − ln3) = ln3
3=
x ln5 − xln5 ln3
x =
3x + xln5 =
ln5 (ln6 − ln3)
ln3
x (3 + ln5) =
ln5 x =
ln2
ln5
=x = 0.349
3 + ln5

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 End of chapter test

8 log2 x + log2 ( x − 6 ) =
log2 2

(
log2 x 2 − 6 x =
2 )
x2 − 6x =
2

x2 − 6x − 2 =
0
x = −0.316, 6.32
x = −0.316 is not a valid answer as it leaves the log of a negative.
Therefore   6.32
x =
9 f (1) = e2  or  7.39

It is better to keep your answer as e2 for accuracy and simplicity.

f ′ ( x ) = 2e2 x

f ′ (1) = 2e2  
or 1
 4.8

y − y1= m ( x − x1 )
2
y − e= 2e2 ( x − 1)

=y 2e2 x − e2

f ( x ) xln 4 − x 2
10 Given = ( )
a f ′ (=
x ) uv ′ + vu′

Differentiate ln 4 − x 2 ( ) using the chain rule

u= x2 y =
4 −     lnu

du dy 1 1
−2 x,  
= = =
dx du u 4 − x 2
dy dy du
= ×
dx du dx
dy −2 x
=
dx 4 − x2

  v ln 4 − x 2
u x=
= ( )
−2 x
u′ 1 
= =v′
4 − x2
 −2 x 
f ′ ( x ) = x ×

 + ln 4 − x
4 − x2 
2
( )
 −2 x 2 
f ′ (=
x) 
4 − x 2 
+ ln 4 − x 2 ( )
 

 −2 x 2 
b Graph of y =  2 
+ ln 4 − x 2 ( )
4 − x 
c x = −1.15,1
 .15

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