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High Performance

Fluoropolymer Coatings & Linings Montedison Group


A better choice for
corrosion protection

Since their introduction more than


50 years ago, fluoropolymers have
successfully competed with metals
and other materials to provide pro-
tection against corrosion in chemical
processing and other demanding
environments.
Fluoropolymers are a class of
paraffinic, thermoplastic polymers
where some or all of the hydrogen
has been replaced by fluorine. The
result is either a fully fluorinated
polymer such as PTFE, MFA, and
PFA, or a partially fluorinated poly-
mer, such as ECTFE and PVDF. All
Ausimont fluoropolymer materials
offer the advantages of high temper-
ature endurance, outstanding chemi-
cal resistance, purity, excellent fire
propagation resistance and weather-
ing resistance.
By varying the fluorine content of
the polymer, the balance of mechani-
cal properties, chemical resistance, and
overall cost can be tailored for differ-
ent end-use applications.
As melt-processable grades contin-
ue to evolve, fluoropolymers have
become increasingly easier to process,
reducing the overall cost of finished
products. Today, the wide range of flu-
oropolymer materials available from
Ausimont also gives designers the
choices to satisfy their specific operat- ■ High purity requirements – The Pin-hole inspection of a Halar® powder
ing requirements. This ensures that the relentless push for higher and higher coated seamless high-purity water vessel.
optimum material will be recommend- product purity in the semiconductor, (Courtesy of Fisher Company and Moore)
ed – not over- or under-specified. pharmaceutical and fine-chemicals
■ Outstanding chemical resistance — industries are opening new arenas more flexibility. For example, seam-
Process changes required by environ- for fluoropolymer use. Halar® ECTFE less powder coatings allow for corro-
mental regulations have resulted in and Hyflon® MFA coatings and linings sion protection of any design that
increasingly corrosive plant conditions, are exceptionally pure (low extracta- can be fabricated in metal. Their
situations in which highly inert fluo- bles) and have a very smooth surface only limitation is oven size. Currently
ropolymers excel. Unlike metals, which reduces or eliminates particle ovens as large as 40 ft. x 15 ft. x 12 ft.
fluoropolymers are not sensitive to generation and inhibits or prevents are in operation. Other product
changes in pH, moisture, and strong biofilm growth. forms such as sheet linings can be
oxidizers, and are not attacked by a applied in the field to large vessels
■ Versatility – Fluoropolymer coating
broad variety of chemicals. and over-the road trailers.
and lining technology gives designers

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■ Cost-effectiveness – Fluoropolymers position in high performance fluori-
are less expensive and easier to obtain Committing our nated products since its parent com-
than exotic metals and metal alloys, resources to you pany Montedison began research in
reducing both your costs and lead At Ausimont, we work together with the field over 50 years ago.
times. Over the life of the unit, our fabricators to understand your We pioneered developments
fluoropolymers also decrease main- specification requirements and then in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
tenance and repair expenses for an respond with the best option and fluorine-based elastomers, and per-
overall lower cost of ownership. Exotic resource to help you overcome your fluorinated fluids. As recently as
metals can be difficult to machine. technical hurdle. By developing solu- 1995, we developed breakthrough
Furthermore, exotic metals are very tions based on either a new material technology in the copolymerization
sensitive to trace impurities which or a product from our existing prod- of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluo-
has become a significant problem uct line, you’ll have the opportunity romethylvinylether to form Hyflon
in recycling of metal scrap. to see how different fluoropolymer MFA, a new perfluoropolymer.
materials can meet your specific Today, Ausimont is the second
■ Product options – Ausimont offers
needs. largest fluorochemical producer in
the widest range of fluoropolymer
the world, with large capacity, ISO
materials available, giving the designer
9002 certified production facilities in
material choices specific to operating A fluoropolymer pioneer both North America and Europe with
requirements. This ensures that the
Ausimont is a multinational compa- widespread warehousing to provide
optimum material will be recommend-
ny that has maintained a leadership just-in-time delivery to the processor.
ed – not over- or under-specified.
■ History of success – In addition
to protective coatings and linings,
Ausimont fluoropolymers have a his-
tory of success as extruded products
including pipe, monofilament, rod,
tubing, and wire and cable insula-
tion; as injection moldings such as
pumps and filter cartridges; as non-
woven fiber for filter media and
composite laminates; and as film.

Lined/coated process
pipe, and components.
(Courtesy of Fisher
Company and Moore
and Fusibond)

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No matter what the substrate—
Solutions for any industry, metal, fiber reinforced plastic, con-
substrate, or process crete, rubber, or glass—this versatile
Ausimont’s fluorinated products are product family provides a corrosion
well-known for delivering outstand- resistance solution. Processing options
ing corrosion resistance in many include powder coating, sheet lining,
industries. rotational lining, or dispersion coating.
Notable examples include:
Material Selection by Substrate
Product Substrate
Chemical processing
■ lined scrubbing towers Metal FRP Concrete Rubber Glass

■ coated exhaust duct HYFLON MFA/PFA • • a


■ coated filter housings HALAR ECTFE • • •
High Purity/Semiconductor
HYLAR PVDF • •
Processing FLUOROBASE T* • • •
■ lined high purity chemical storage
and transport containers
FLUOROBASE Z* • • •
■coated stainless steel ultrapure
HYLAR 5000 PVDF* • •
water vessels and pipe ALGOFLON PTFE* • • a
■ coated cleanroom exhaust systems *See Additional Specialty Coatings section of this brochure
(Factory Mutual approved) a- impregnated glass fabric
■ coated robotic arms in wetbenches Process by Product
Product Process

Pharmaceutical/Food Processing Powder Sheet Extruded FRP Dual Rotational Dispersion


Coating Lining Lining Laminate Lining Coating
■ coated and lined vessels and
process equipment HYFLON MFA/PFA • • • • • •
Pulp and Paper
HALAR ECTFE • • • • • •
■ lined scrubbers and chemical tanks HYLAR PVDF • • • • • •
■ lined pulp and bleaching tanks FLUOROBASE T* •
■ coated hoods and exhaust ducts FLUOROBASE Z* •
Chloralkali
HYLAR 5000 PVDF* •
■ lined chlorine cells and cell covers
ALGOFLON PTFE* • • •
■ coated and lined supply piping In-Field Application • • •
Thick Coating/
Oil and Gas lining possible • • • • •
■ coating of encapsulated tubing, con- Limited by
trol cables, and other down-hole com- Geometry • • • •
ponents in harsh well environments. *See Additional Specialty Coatings section of this brochure

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Recommended Processes by Part
Type of Part Powder Sheet Extruded FRP Dual Rotational
Coating Lining Lining Laminate Lining

Agitators •
Centrifuges •
Diaphragms •
Exhaust Duct • •
Filter Housing • • •
Filters/Strainers •
Heat Exchangers • • •
Hoods • •
Piping Systems • • • •
Pumps • •
Tank or Vessel: Small • • • •
Tank or Vessel: Medium • • • • •
Tank or Vessel: Large • • • •
Thermocouple Wells •
Transport Containers •
Size and geometry of parts may limit chosen process.

Processing Options
Powder Coating
Powder coating offers a seamless corro-
sion protection lining with a wide
range of thicknesses, from very thin to
very thick, depending on part shape
and service conditions. They offer the
same thickness and surface smooth-
ness as extruded sheet and eliminate
welds and seams, reducing risk of fail-
ures due to permeation or delamina-
tion. Powder coatings can be used in
vessels of custom design or complicat-
ed geometry and are particularly suited
for high purity fluid applications.
Halar® powder coated tank. Typical appli- Recently, changes in powder coating
cations in chemical process, semiconduc- resins and application equipment (larg-
tor, and pharmaceutical industries. er ovens) allows for the use of powder
(Courtesy of Fisher Company and Moore) coatings in larger and larger vessels.

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Sheet Lining Extruded Lining 30 ft. x 11 ft. diameter vacuum degasifier.
Fluoropolymers are available as fab- Fluoropolymers are used as extruded High build Halar® powder coating for
ric-backed or unbacked sheet in typi- linings in pipes and small tanks or semiconductor ultrapure water plant.
cal thicknesses of 60 to 120 mils to vessels. Items are lined by the inser- (Courtesy of Fisher Company and Moore)
line items such as very large process tion of an oversize tube extruded
vessels, over-the-road trailers, and from the fluoropolymer resin. The
railroad cars. Sheet lining is the most liner is usually designed so that its
widely-used, in-field applied corrosion outside diameter is one to three
protection method for fluoropolymers. percent larger than the inside diame-
In this process, the metal surface to ter of the intended part. Liner thick-
be lined is cleaned by sandblasting ness is usually 0.12" minimum for
before adhering the sheets side-by- small parts (i.e., 1.5 or 2-inch pipes)
side on the unit’s interior. The sheets and increases with item size. Liners
are then thermoplastically welded for large parts (i.e., 10- to 12-inch
using weld rod of the same polymer pipes) typically have 0.20 - 0.25
as the sheet material. The result is a wall thickness. Insertion of the liner
continuous corrosion-resistant liner. is accomplished by means of a
mechanical or hydraulic puller that
is attached to a liner clamp. The
liner is then drawn into the pipe
at a slow constant speed.

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Fluoropolymer sheetlined tanks. Rotational Lining (Rotolining)
(Courtesy of Symalit AG.) Conventional rotomolding tech-
niques can be used to line chemical
FRP Dual Laminate process, storage, and transfer equip-
Dual laminates are non-metallic ment with fluoropolymers. In roto-
alternatives to exotic metals and molding, bi-axial rotation of the
alloys in corrosive industrial applica- mold above the melt point of the
Halar® powder coated tank head. tion. Generally constructed of a polymer fuses the polymer and
(Courtesy of the ISPA Company) chemically resistant thermoplastic adheres the lining to the substrate.
layer bonded to a fiberglass-rein- In rotolining, a piece of chemical
forced plastic (FRP), dual laminates process equipment, such as a pipe
are designed to withstand mechani- fitting, becomes the “mold.” The
cal loads and pressures. The FRP interior surface is sandblasted to
structure consists of corrosion resis- lock the polymer in place during
tant vinyl ester resins with embed- molding. The result is a corrosion-
ded veils and strand fiberglass mats resistant, pin-hole free liner with
that are further reinforced with wall thicknesses which can exceed
woven veils or filament winding 0.100". Since no molding pressure is
construction. An exterior finish used, the seamless liner is virtually
provides UV and corrosion resistance stress-free. The process is limited only
with flame retardancy. The continous by the size of the rotomolding oven.
fluoropolymer lining of Halar ECTFE,
Hylar PVDF, or Hyflon MFA provides
chemical resistance.

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A family of
fluoropolymer products

Ausimont USA Fluoropolymers Fluoropolymers: Chemical Resistance


The Broadest Performance Range of Fluoropolymers Fluoropolymers Within Their Temperature Rating

Water
100
80
HYFLON Alkali Acids
T MFA/PFA 60
N
N TE ALGOFLON
PTFE 40
CO
Continuous Service Temperature

N E
RI FEP 20
U O
FL
HALAR
ECTFE Solvents Oxidizers
ETFE
HYLAR
PVDF

PVC Hydrocarbons Halogens


PP

PTFE, PFA, MFA


Chemical Resistance ECTFE
PVDF

Fluoropolymer Properties Fluoropolymers Maximum Operating Temperature Range


and Selection Guide
Selecting a fluoropolymer material
for any given application will involve TEMP (oC)
a review of many factors. Some of high end
300
these focus on the process condi- low end
tions and others on the suitability of 250
the material for that particular appli-
cation. These charts describe some 200
of the factors to be considered when
choosing a fluoropolymer. Please 150
refer to the data on each product for
more information or contact your 100
Ausimont representative for a techni-
cal discussion on which fluoropoly- 50
mer will suit your needs.
0
PTFE HYFLON HYFLON FEP ETFE HALAR HYLAR
PFA MFA ECTFE PVDF

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Hyflon MFA and PFA
Hyflon MFA and PFA are semicrys-
talline fully-fluorinated melt process-
able fluoropolymers. Hyflon fluo-
ropolymers offer the highest temper-
ature rating, and broadest chemical
resistance of all melt processable flu-
oropolymers. They are an ideal
choice for extreme thermal and
chemical environments.
Hyflon resins are the result of
Ausimont's technical leadership in
specialty fluorinated monomers, the
building blocks used in polymer pro-
duction. Hyflon MFA and PFA are
designed to give much better physi-
cal properties than FEP, lower creep
and improved stress cracking resis-
tance. Hyflon products have temper-
ature ratings of 260°C. Hyflon
Halar ECTFE sheet lined header and
grades are also lower in permeation
vessel. (Courtesy of Symalit AG.)
than comparable competitive prod-
ucts. Hyflon MFA is the most recent-
ly commercialized fluoropolymer by Permeation
Ausimont. Similar to PFA in many ■ PFA: Independent tests have
aspects, MFA offers an excellent bal- shown that Hyflon PFA has better
ance of properties for linings and barrier properties than other com-
coatings applications. The unique petitive PFA grades (a complete
chemistry of MFA allows for a very report from the Swedish Corrosion
cost competitive product, giving PFA Institute is available).
type performance with improved
economics.
Being melt processable, a variety Surface Smoothness Mechanical Properties
of coating and lining product forms ■ MFA: The surface of Hyflon MFA is ■ PFA: Hyflon PFA has the lowest
are available. These include extruded extremely smooth, improving clean- creep, and best high temperature
liners, fabric backed sheet, powder liness, reducing pressure drop, and mechanical properties of all melt
coating, rotational lining, and disper- reducing wall build up in problemat- processable fully fluorinated poly-
sion coating grades. ic slurries or mixtures. mers. For environments where the
■ MFA: Extractables testing and case coating material may be subjected
Chemical Resistance to mechanical stress, Hyflon PFA
studies have demonstrated that Hyflon
■ Hyflon MFA and PFA are resistant MFA is fully suitable for high purity gives the best results.
to the most extreme chemistries applications, such as semiconductor ■ MFA: Although the mechanical
including acids, bases, oxidizing and pharmaceutical. properties of Hyflon MFA are slightly
acids, mineral acids, metal salt
lower than PFA, there is no signifi-
solutions, peroxides, and more.
cant impact in coating and lining
Thermal Properties
applications.
■ MFA: Hyflon MFA low temperature
properties are improved over PFA.

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hydrochloric, and hydrofluoric, over Purity
Halar ECTFE a wide temperature range ■ Static soak testing in ultra-pure
Halar ECTFE is a melt-processable ■ Easily handles powder bleaching water and high purity chemicals
fluoropolymer with a 1:1 alternating agents, such as sodium hypochlorite show extremely low levels of metal-
copolymer structure of ethylene and lic and organic extractables
chlorotrifluoroethylene. Its unique ■ Resists strong bases, such as
sodium hydroxide and potassium ■ Additional dynamic rinse data
combination of properties includes
hydroxide, that would stress crack validates Halar ECTFE as suitable for
excellent chemical resistance, good
PVDF high purity systems in the semicon-
electrical properties, a broad-use
ductor, biotech, and pharmaceutical
temperature range, outstanding ■ Resists strong polar solvents, such industries
abrasion resistance, and excellent as n-Methyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl
impact strength. Halar ECTFE is formamide, that would dissolve PVDF ■ Very low fluoride ion leachout
particularly recommended for high
purity fluid systems in semiconductor ■ Not dissolved by any known
Surface Smoothness
and other industries. It is also the solvent to 300°F
■ Extruded, molded, and powder
fluoropolymer of choice when the ■ Best radiation resistance of all coated surfaces of Halar fluoropoly-
process surface must be exceptionally fluoropolymers mer exhibit extraordinary smooth-
smooth, pure (low extractables), and
■ Ozone-resistant ness as measured by SEM and AFM
chemically-resistant.
analytical methods

Chemical Resistance Barrier Properties

■ Excellent resistance to strong ■ 10 to 100 times better than PTFE


acids, such as sulfuric, nitric, or FEP to oxygen, carbon dioxide,
chlorine gas or hydrochloric acid

Fluoropolymer Typical Properties Comparison Data

Property ASTM ALGOFLON® HYFLON® HYFLON® HALAR® HYLAR®


Method PTFE PFA MFA ECTFE PVDF
o o
Melt Point C ( F) D3418 327 (621) 310 (590) 285 (545) 240 (465) 170 (340)
o o
Continuous Service Temp. C ( F) 260 (500) 260 (500) 260 (500) 150 (300) 130 (265)

Specific Gravity D792 2.13 – 2.20 2.12 – 2.17 2.12 – 2.17 1.65 – 1.71 1.76 – 1.78

Tensile Strength @ Break (psi) D638 2000 – 7000 4000 – 4500 3500 – 4400 6600 – 7800 4500 – 6200
Tensile Strength @ Yield (psi) 2200 – 2900 1700 – 2200 4200 – 4700 4000 – 7000

Elongation @ Break, RT, (%) D638 200 – 450 300 – 360 300 – 360 200 – 300 50 – 300

Flex Strength (psi) D790 no break no break N.A. 7000 8600 – 9500

Flexural Modulus (psi) D790 0.7 – 1.1 x 105 1.0 x 105 1.0 x 105 2.4 x 105 2.5 x 105

Relation Within The Group (where 1 provides best performance)

Abrasion Resistance 3 2 2 1 1–2

Chemical Resistance 1 1 1 2 3

Creep Resistance 5 2 3 1 1

Permeation Resistance 5 3 3 1 2

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■ In Biofilm testing, the formation Purity
of biorganic films and bacterial Hylar PVDF ■ Static soak testing in ultrapure
colonies was significantly reduced Hylar PVDF fluoropolymer offers an water and high purity chemicals
on process surfaces of Halar fluo- outstanding cost/performance value show extremely low levels of metallic
ropolymer versus electropolished and is often the first fluoropolymer and organic extractables
stainless steel and PVDF. Contact evaluated for an application.
Ausimont for the report entitled ■ Piping systems using natural Hylar
Hylar PVDF polymer is a versa- resins under dynamic flow conditions
“Evaluation of ECTFE for Surface tile engineering plastic with a balance
Properties and Biofilm Formation will not release particulates to the
of physical properties that qualify it fluid stream
in Ultrapure Water Service.” for high performance service in a
wide range of applications. It is highly ■ PVDF piping and components, due
Permeation resistant to most environmental con- to their low extractables and particu-
■ Low permeability to water vapor ditions, including corrosive chemicals late shedding, are used extensively
and various other gases and ultraviolet and gamma radiation. in ultra pure water systems for semi-
HYLAR grades are suitable for a wide conductor manufacture. When the
■ Water vapor permeability measured range of melt-processable applications chemistry is compatible, PVDF pro-
at 38°C (100°F) and 90% including powder coatings, injection vides an excellent balance of physi-
■ RH: 0.15 g-mil / 100 in 2 / 24 hrs. molding, and extrusion of tubing, cal properties, cleanliness, and cost,
mono-and multi-filaments, films, and for high purity applications.
sheets. The excellent molded color and
Thermal Properties
high thermal stability of HYLAR MP Thermal Properties
■ Standard copolymer grades are UL grades assures consistent appear-
certified for use in non-load bearing ance of finished parts. ■ Excellent thermal stability
applications requiring continuous
■ Prolonged exposure at 250°C
service at temperatures to 150°C
Chemical Resistance (482°F) in air does not lead to loss
(300°F).
■ Resists a wide variety of chemicals of weight
including most inorganic acids, alco- ■ No oxidative or thermal degradation
Mechanical Properties
hols, halogenated solvents, bromine, has been detected during continuous
■ Excellent mechanical properties
organic acids, aliphatic and aromatic exposure of Hylar resin at 150°C
over a wide range of temperatures, hydrocarbons (300°F) for a period of five years
from cryogenic to 150°C (300°F)
■ Attacked by fuming sulfuric acid,
■ Nylon-like durability provides and strong bases
excellent impact resistance at ambi- Mechanical Properties
ent and subambient temperatures ■ Partially soluble in strong polar ■ Solid tensile properties and impact
solvents such as dimethyl formamide strengths
■ Good tensile, flexural, and wear- and n-methyl pyrrolidone
related properties ■ Excellent resistance to creep and
fatigue as compared to many ther-
Water Absorption moplastics
■ Less than 0.1%

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■ Fluorobase T300 — This concen-
Additional Specialty trated dispersion of fluoroelastomers
Coatings can be used to prepare highly
While fluorine-based materials are- durable water-based paints. The
typically used for corrosion protection, paint is easily processed in conven-
they also protect against external tional equipment due to its high
weathering elements, such as when emulsion stability. Fluorobase T rep-
used as a base resin in high-perfor- resents a new application of fluoro-
mance paints for metal substrates. elastomers as waterborne coatings
They are also key components in that provides a rubber-like surface
anti-graffiti coatings used to protect with high mechanical and chemical
special monuments as well as anti- properties.
stick coatings for household cook- ■ Fluorobase T320 — Fluorobase
ware. The following specialty coat- T320 is a water-based paint contain-
ings are offered by Ausimont: ing fluoroelastomers that can be
■ Hylar 5000 PVDF applied to steel, concrete, or rubber
to protect against strong acids,
■ Algoflon PTFE Dispersions steam, fuels, and hydrocarbon oils.
■ Fluorobase T for anti-corrosion The application of this coating
coatings results in a rubbery surface having
typical mechanical properties of an
■ Fluorobase Z for anti-graffiti coatings elastomeric sheet with high chemical
FluorobaseTM T and thermal resistance. Applications
Fluorobase T overcomes the limita- include flue ducts, scrubbers, pump
Hylar 5000® PVDF tion of solvent-based coatings, which areas, storage tanks of hydrocarbon
Hylar 5000 PVDF is used as a paint can typically be used only in outdoor oils and gasoline, and safe basins
resin for long-life architectural coat- applications. This novel class of surrounding storage tanks, chemical
ings systems on metal, glass, and water-based coatings employs con- plants, and reservoirs. Fluorobase T
other exterior surfaces. Hylar 5000 centrated fluoroelastomer latexes to can be applied with air or airless
PVDF-based coatings exhibit excep- yield a fully waterborne coating cur- spray. Epoxy primers must be used
tional color fidelity over a long life able with amines, both in ovens before the application of Fluorobase
of service, resisting degradation by (120-170°C) and at room tempera- T320.
ultraviolet radiation and attack by ture. A coating formulation is pre-
airborne pollutants, salt, wind-driven pared by direct grinding of pigments
sand, and chemicals. Available only fillers in the latex. The film obtained
via a licensing program, Hylar 5000 can be cured in a wide range of tem-
based coatings can be coil or spray peratures, including room tempera-
applied to aluminum, aluminized ture. Fluorobase T formulations pro-
steel, and galvanized steel. A proper- vide thick coatings (200-250 microns
ly formulated finish contains suffi- of dry film per pass) to steel, rubber,
cient pigment to make the film total- or concrete to protect against chemi-
ly opaque to ultraviolet radiation. cals such as acids, hydrocarbons,
and oils.

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Fluorobase Z Algoflon PTFE Dispersions
Anti-graffiti/Anti-Corrosion/ Aqueous dispersion of fluoropoly-
Architectural Coating mers is used for impregnating glass
Fluorobase Z1074 is a blend of NCO- fibers and fabrics. These items
terminated, moisture-curable resins exhibit chemical resistance and self-
based on perfluoropolyether back- lubricating properties over a wide
bone and soluble in organic solvents. temperature range. Aqueous disper-
This product is ideal for external sions are also useful for applying
applications where excellent durability, thin release coatings to metals. They
chemical resistance, and rapid curing are applied by spraying or dipping,
at room temperature are required. followed by thermal fusion or sintering.
The formulated product gives stain Since these coatings are typically
resistant polyurethane coatings with less than .010", the corrosion protec-
excellent surface characteristics. tion they offer is limited in compari-
Anti-graffiti properties of the coating son to powder coating, sheet lining,
can be reached after two hours from and rotolining.
application. The resin can be easily
pigmented and formulated with
either a gloss or matte finish, and
the final paints can be applied to
concrete, metal, and glass substrates.

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Montedison Group

10 Leonards Lane
Thorofare, NJ 08086
800-323-AUSI
www.ausiusa.inter.net

Ausimont is a member of the following professional organizations:


AAMA - American Architectural Manufacturers Assoc.
CMA - Chemical Manufacturers Association
CSI - Construction Specifications Institute
IAPD- International Association of Plastic Distributors
MCA - Metal Construction Association
NACE - National Association of Corrosion Engineers
NCCA - National Coil Coaters Association
SEMI - Semiconductor Equipment & Materials Institute
SPI - Society of the Plastics Industry
SSA - Semiconductor Safety Association
TAPPI- Trade Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry

Algoflon, Hyflon, Halar, Hylar, and Hylar 5000 are registered trademarks of
Ausimont and are EQNET IS0 9002 certified. Fluorobase is a trademark
of Ausimont.
All statements, data, and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable but are
presented without guarantee, warranty, or responsibility of any kind, expressed or implied. Statements
concerning the possible use of our products are made without representation of warranty that any such
use is free of patent infringement, and we are not recommending to infringe on any patent. The user
should not assume that all safety measures are indicated or that other measures may not be required.

11/98AWD-5

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