Fundamental of database system

Lab

Part one

by Tadesse S. 1
 Database
✓A database is a collection of related data
Database management system (DBMS)
✓ is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a
database.
✓defining, constructing, manipulating and sharing databases among
various applications

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Structural Query Language (SQL)
✓used to communicate with a database.
➢SQL can create new databases
➢ SQL can create new tables in a database
➢ SQL can set permissions on tables
➢ SQL can execute queries against a database
➢ SQL can retrieve data from a database
➢ SQL can modify records in a database

by Tadesse S. 3
SQL can be divided into two parts:
✓Data Definition Language (DDL)
✓Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Data definition language (DDL) refers to the set of SQL commands

that can create and manipulate the structures of a database.

Data Manipulation Language (DML) deals with the manipulation of

data present in the database

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 DDL statement includes
✓CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
✓ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
✓CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
✓ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
✓DROP TABLE - deletes a table
✓CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
✓DROP INDEX - deletes an index

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DML statements include
✓SELECT - extracts data from a database
✓UPDATE - updates data in a database
✓DELETE - deletes data from a database
✓INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database

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• Steps to open SQL Server

Start ➔ All programs ➔ Microsoft SQL server 2008 ➔

SQL server management studio

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Create Database (DDL)
Syntax : CREATE DATABASE Database_Name
Eg. CREATE DATABASE DDUIT
Lab-task-1: create database with name DDUIT
Next execute use command or select your database before create table
use DDUIT
Or

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Create table (DDL)
• Syntax for creating a table (without constraints):

CREATE table tablename(column1 data type,column2 data

type,…,columnm data type)
Most commonly used data types in SQL: int, float, money, datetime,
varchar, text, char, image etc.

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 Eg. Create Student and Course table in DDUIT database
create table Student
(
id varchar(30),
fname varchar(30),
lname varchar (30),
age int
)
create table course
(
code varchar(30),
cname varchar(30),
crhr int
)
Lab-task-2: create student and course table to your database created in lab-task-1
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Check as you create successfully
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

Drop table from database

Syntax: Drop table Table_Name
Eg. drop table course
Current database

Lab-task-3: drop course table from your database

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Insert statement (DML)
Syntax : INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

Eg. insert into student(id,fname,lname,age) values

('DDU01693','Tadesse','Shiferawu',26)
Or (if you insert to all column)
insert into student values ('DDU01693','Tadesse','Shiferawu',26)
Lab-task-4: insert your information to student table

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View data in table using select keyword
Syntax: SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
OR SELECT * FROM table_name
Tip: The asterisk (*) is a quick way of selecting all columns!
Eg. select * from student

select id, fname from student

Lab-task-5: view your information from student table

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Today Exercise(5%)
1. insert your group member to student table
2. view all student list with all attribute
3. view all student with id, fname and age attribute

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 Part two
Finish previous exercise
In previous class, I hope you are familiar with the following statement
in different 5 tasks.
=>create (to create table and database)
=>drop (to remove table from database)
=>insert (for insert data to table)
=>select (to view from table using * and for specific column)

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 Delete all data from table
Syntax: DELETE FROM table_name
Eg. Delete all element from student table
delete from Student
This delete all data, to delete specific data we use where close(next
class)
Lab task 6:- delete all data from student table

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Alter (DDL)
ALTER TABLE statement can be used to alter, add or drop
individual columns and constraints in the table.
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_definition [column+data type+constraint]

ALTER TABLE table_name

DROP COLUMN column_name

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From previous task we use course table from this example(if course
table is unavailable recreate it )
1. To add one column on course table with name=“Module” with
varchar type.
alter table course add module varchar(30)
2. To remove unwanted column (eg. Module)from course column
alter table course drop column module
Lab Task 7: add two column on student table (use student table from
previous class)
Lab Task 8: remove age column from student table

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