Topics

Frequency Distribution For Categorical Variable (Formulas and PivotTable)

Relative/Percent Frequency Distribution
Column Chart or Bar Chart (Excel Names)
Pie Chart
2nd Example Frequency & Percent Frequency Distribution For Categorical Variable & Column Chart (PivotTable)
Pareto Chart
Use Column for Discrete Quantitative Variable
Frequency Distribution For Continuous Quantitative Variable that is shown as a Decimal using PivotTable
Histogram for Quantitative Variable that is shown as a Decimal
Frequency Distribution For Continuous Quantitative Variable that is shown as an Whole Number using PivotTable
Creating Classes for Quantitative Variables
Relative/Percent Frequency Distribution
Histogram For Continuous Quantitative Variable that is shown as an Whole Number
Skew
Skew Left (Negative)
Skew Bell Shape
Skew Right (Positive)
Skew Heavy Right
Frequency Distribution For Continuous Quantitative Variable using Formulas
Cumulative Frequency Distribution & Cumulative Percent Frequency Distribution
Ogive Chart (Cumulative Percent Frequency Distribution)
What Is Dot Plot?
Stem and Leaf
Power Query Example for Data Import
Crosstabulation
Clustered Colum
Stacked Column
100% Stacked Column
Simpson's Paradox
Scatter Chart for with X-Y Data that has a Positive Relationship
Scatter Chart for with X-Y Data that has a Negative Relationship
Scatter Chart for with X-Y Data that has a Positive Relationship
Scatter Chart for with X-Y Data that has a No Relationship
VLOOKUP to add new Field to Table
Create Dot Plot
Sheet Name (link to jump)
FD-Categorical
FD-Categorical
FD-Categorical
FD-Categorical
DataProduct
Pareto
DiscreteColumn
GradeData
GradeData
FD-Quant-Age
FD-Quant-Age
FD-Quant-Age
FD-Quant-Age
Skew
S(L)
S(B)
S(R)
S(HR)
FD and H Formulas
FD-Quant-Rev
FD-Quant-Rev
Dot Plot
Stem and Leaf
GradeDataImport
CrossTab
CrossTab
CrossTab
CrossTab
SimpsonParadox
SC(P)
SC(N)
SC(P2)
SC(NO)
VLOOKUP
CreateDotDlot
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Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #06: Frequency Distributions & Column Charts, Categorical Variables
Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
Overview with diagram of tables and charts we will create in this video
Notes in Workbook that you can print out and read
Define Frequency Distribution
Frequency Distribution create from Cell Phone Sales Data
Advanced Filter to get a Unique List for Frequency Distribution
Using COUNTIFS function to Create Frequency Distribution
Formulas to create Relative Frequency
TRUNC function to show that Number Formatting does NOT remove decimals
Why Relative Frequencies add up to 1: Collectively Exhaustive and Mutually Exclusive Categories
Formulas to create Percent Frequency with Number Formatting
Formulas to create Percent Frequency with Times 100
Add Borders using Format Cells Dialog Box: Solid Top Border and Double Bottom Border
Use PivotTable to create Frequency Distribution
Create Relative Frequency & Percent Frequency using the “Show Values As” feature and the “% of Column Total”
option
Compare and Contrast Formulas and PivotTables
Column Chart for Frequency Distribution with Categorical Data
Column Chart for Percent Frequency Distribution with Categorical Data
Bar Chart for Frequency Distribution with Categorical Data
Pie Chart for Percent Frequency Distribution with Categorical Data
Chart from PivotTable with Many Columns of Calculations (Trouble)
Create Individual PivotTables and PivotCharts to solve “Trouble”. Frequency Distribution create from Boomerang
Product Sales Data.
Discrete Quantitative Data (Numbers) should be charted with a Column that has Gaps.
Pareto Chart

Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #07: Subtle Chart Junk

Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
Remove unnecessary zeros in vertical axis using Number Format
Chart Labels defaulted to zero decimals and we wanted to show two decimals. We use Number Formatting for the
Percentage Chart Labels and increase decimals.
Fix Chart Label Overlap
Remove Leader Lines
Capitalization error in Chart Tile that in linked to cell. When we edited the cell content, all the Chart Titles update

Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #07: Subtle Chart Junk

Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
Overview of Frequency Distributions for Quantitative Variable
Create Frequency Distribution with PivotTable for Grade Data where NUMBERS ARE DECIMALS (important distinction
for grouping feature in a PivotTable)
Grouping Feature in a PivotTable for creating Classes or Categories for a Decimal Quantitative Variable. Class that are
created are 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, etc. Extensive Discussion about how to create classes or categories that are NOT
Ambiguous.
Upper Limit for Class/Category is Not Included when the numbers are Decimals.
Aggregate Function for Number Values defaults to Count when you have Grouped Numbers in the Row area of the
PivotTable.
Double Click PivotTable to Extract Records that match the criteria from the Row area of the PivotTable
Use Find and Replace feature to create non-ambiguous labels in a Grouped Decimal Number PivotTable.
Create Histogram for Quantitative Variable (Grouped Numbers) for Grade Data. This Histogram has Frequencies at the
top of each column and the gap width is zero. The colors for each column are different.
Create Frequency Distribution with PivotTable for Grade Data where numbers are WHOLE NUMBERS (important
distinction for grouping feature in a PivotTable)
Methods for determining Number of Classes and Class Width for a Quantitative Variable
When grouping Whole Numbers in a PivotTable the classes that are created are not ambiguous. We get classes like: 16-
22, 23-29, 30-36. Etc.
Create Histogram for Quantitative Variable (Grouped Numbers) for Age Data. This Histogram has Frequencies in the
vertical axis and the gap width is zero. The colors for each column are the same.
Discussion about Skew, Histogram shape and Histogram distribution of column heights.
Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distribution built with a PivotTable based on Age Data that is shown as a
Whole Number.
Formulas
Create Frequency Distribution with Formulas for Grade Data.
Text Formulas for Category Labels
COUNTIFS function with Comparative Operators Joined to Lower and Upper Limits from the Cells.
Relative/Percent Frequency Formula.
Create Histogram for Grade Data based on Frequency Distribution created with formulas.
See that we can change the categories be more precise when we use formulas.
Link Data Labels in Chart to cells in the spreadsheet
See how formulas allow Frequency Distribution Formulas and Histogram Chart update automatically when raw data
change. See different grade distributions with Histogram.
Summary

Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #09: Cumulative Frequency Distribution & Chart, PivotTable & Formula
Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
Overview of % Cumulative Frequency
Formulas to create Cumulative Frequency Distribution and % Cumulative Frequency Distribution.
% Cumulative Frequency (Ogive) Chart using X-Y Scatter Chart
PivotTable to create Frequency Distribution and % Cumulative Frequency Distribution.
Combine Char t that shows Frequency Distirbution as a Column Chart with No Gap width and % Cumulative Frequency
as a Line.
Custom Number Formatting to hide all values using three semi-colons

Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #10: Description of Dot Plot and Stem and Leaf Charts
Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
Dot Plot
Stem and Leaf Charts

Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #11: Power Query Import Multiple Text Files For Grade Histogram by Year
Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
Over View of File Import and Histogram Creation
Look at Zipped Folder from class download then unzip it with Right-click, “Extract All”
Text Files for communication between databases and data analysis programs like Excel
Use Power Query to Import Multiple Files
Get External Data Tab in Power Query, From File Button, From Folder Button

We only need to keep “Content” Column, so right-click “Content” Field Name and point to “Remove Other Columns”
To reveal data in imported tables, click the button with the Two Downward Point Arrows.
Filter out Field Name.
Name Query
Close and Load To a cell in our worksheet (this brings table of data from the Power Query editor window into our
worksheet)
Build Frequency Distribution with a PivotTable
Use Find and Replace feature to create non-ambiguous labels in a Grouped Decimal Number PivotTable.
Add a Slicer for the Year Variable to the PivotTable
Create Histogram

Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #12: Cross Tabulation & Charts For Two Variables, Simpson’s Paradox
Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
Explain meaning and uses for Cross Tabulation Tables, Clustered Column Chart, Stacked Column Chart and 100%
Stacked Column Chart
Use PivotTable to create Cross Tabulated Table for a Categorical and Quantitative Variable (Age and Payment Method
for a Sales transaction)
Group Whole Number (age)
Column Chart Options in Excel
Clustered Column Chart to emphasize variable in Legend (Payment Method)
Stacked Column Chart to emphasize variable in Horizontal Axis (Grouped Age Category)
100% Stacked Column Chart to emphasize the percentages.
Use PivotTable to create Cross Tabulated Table for Two Categorical Variables and see that Cross Tabulation are actually
a three-in-one table that show: 1) Cross Tab, 2) Frequency Distribution for the Row Variable and 3) Frequency
Distribution for the Column Variable
Simpson’s Paradox: Revealing a Hidden Variable in two sub-Cross Tabulation PivotTables may show a reverse
conclusion as compared to the aggregated Cross Tabulation.

Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #13: Scatter Chart & Trendline For X – Y Variables 2 Quantitative Variables
Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
Direct (Positive) Relationship for Studying Hours and Test Score X-Y Scatter Chart and Add Terndline
Inverse (Negative) Relationship for Absences in Class and Grade X-Y Scatter Chart and Add Terndline
Direct (Positive) Relationship for # of Ads and sales X-Y Scatter Chart and Add Terndline
No Relationship for Age and Amount Spent X-Y Scatter Chart
Summarize the different types of Scatter Plot Charts

Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #09: Cumulative Frequency Distribution & Chart, PivotTable & Formula
Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
VLOOKUP to Add New Region Field to Table
Create Cross Tabulation based on the Grouped Revenue Field and the Region Field (Quantitative and Categorical
Variables)
VLOOKUP to Add New Price Field to Table
Revenue Formula
Create Frequency Distribution based on the Grouped Revenue Field (Quantitative Variables)

Excel 2013 Statistical Analysis #09: Cumulative Frequency Distribution & Chart, PivotTable & Formula
Topic In Video and minute mark in Video.
What is Dot Plot
Create Dot Plot
Create Sequential Numbers 0 to 10
Change Column Widths & Style Formatting
Cell Chart Formula
COUNTIFS to Count with one condition / Criteria
REPT function to Repeat dots
Cell Formatting Dialog Box for Aligning Dots in cell vertically
Copy and Paste Cell Chart and Quick Ways to Edit and Change Cell Ranges in Formulas
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Text
(00:32) Overview with diagram of tables and charts we will create in this video
(01:01 ) Notes in Workbook that you can print out and read
(02:05 ) Define Frequency Distribution
(03:55 ) Frequency Distribution create from Cell Phone Sales Data
(04:00 ) Advanced Filter to get a Unique List for Frequency Distribution
(05:55 ) Using COUNTIFS function to Create Frequency Distribution
(07:00 ) Formulas to create Relative Frequency
(09:36 ) TRUNC function to show that Number Formatting does NOT remove decimals
(11:00 ) Why Relative Frequencies add up to 1: Collectively Exhaustive and Mutually Exclusive Categories
(11:20 ) Formulas to create Percent Frequency with Number Formatting
(13:24 ) Formulas to create Percent Frequency with Times 100
(14:54 ) Add Borders using Format Cells Dialog Box: Solid Top Border and Double Bottom Border
(16:38 ) Use PivotTable to create Frequency Distribution

(17:38 ) Create Relative Frequency & Percent Frequency using the “Show Values As” feature and the “% of Column Total” opti
(19:30 ) Compare and Contrast Formulas and PivotTables
(21:09 ) Column Chart for Frequency Distribution with Categorical Data
(23:59 ) Column Chart for Percent Frequency Distribution with Categorical Data
(25:10 ) Bar Chart for Frequency Distribution with Categorical Data
(25:44 ) Pie Chart for Percent Frequency Distribution with Categorical Data
(27:30 ) Chart from PivotTable with Many Columns of Calculations (Trouble)

(28:57 ) Create Individual PivotTables and PivotCharts to solve “Trouble”. Frequency Distribution create from Boomerang Prod
(31:11 ) Discrete Quantitative Data (Numbers) should be charted with a Column that has Gaps.
(31:55 ) Pareto Chart

(00:33 ) Remove unnecessary zeros in vertical axis using Number Format

(01:15 ) Chart Labels defaulted to zero decimals and we wanted to show two decimals. We use Number Formatting for the Per
(01:49 ) Fix Chart Label Overlap
(02:00 ) Remove Leader Lines
(02:20 ) Capitalization error in Chart Tile that in linked to cell. When we edited the cell content, all the Chart Titles update

(00:09) Overview of Frequency Distributions for Quantitative Variable

(02:02) Create Frequency Distribution with PivotTable for Grade Data where NUMBERS ARE DECIMALS (important distinction f

(03:08) Grouping Feature in a PivotTable for creating Classes or Categories for a Decimal Quantitative Variable. Class that are c
(05:03) Upper Limit for Class/Category is Not Included when the numbers are Decimals.
(05:58) Aggregate Function for Number Values defaults to Count when you have Grouped Numbers in the Row area of the Piv
(06:32) Double Click PivotTable to Extract Records that match the criteria from the Row area of the PivotTable
(09:16) Use Find and Replace feature to create non-ambiguous labels in a Grouped Decimal Number PivotTable.

(10:20) Create Histogram for Quantitative Variable (Grouped Numbers) for Grade Data. This Histogram has Frequencies at the

(13:13) Create Frequency Distribution with PivotTable for Grade Data where numbers are WHOLE NUMBERS (important distin
(14:33) Methods for determining Number of Classes and Class Width for a Quantitative Variable

(18:19) When grouping Whole Numbers in a PivotTable the classes that are created are not ambiguous. We get classes like: 16

(20:07) Create Histogram for Quantitative Variable (Grouped Numbers) for Age Data. This Histogram has Frequencies in the ve
(22:00) Discussion about Skew, Histogram shape and Histogram distribution of column heights.

(25:37) Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distribution built with a PivotTable based on Age Data that is shown as a W
(27:48) Formulas
(27:44) Create Frequency Distribution with Formulas for Grade Data.
(30:03) Text Formulas for Category Labels
(30:40) COUNTIFS function with Comparative Operators Joined to Lower and Upper Limits from the Cells.
(33:17) Relative/Percent Frequency Formula.
(34:00) Create Histogram for Grade Data based on Frequency Distribution created with formulas.
(35:56) See that we can change the categories be more precise when we use formulas.
(38:20) Link Data Labels in Chart to cells in the spreadsheet

(39:16) See how formulas allow Frequency Distribution Formulas and Histogram Chart update automatically when raw data ch
(40:45) Summary

(00:09) Overview of % Cumulative Frequency

(00:42) Formulas to create Cumulative Frequency Distribution and % Cumulative Frequency Distribution.
(04:17) % Cumulative Frequency (Ogive) Chart using X-Y Scatter Chart
(07:36) PivotTable to create Frequency Distribution and % Cumulative Frequency Distribution.

(10:30) Combine Char t that shows Frequency Distirbution as a Column Chart with No Gap width and % Cumulative Frequency
(11:43) Custom Number Formatting to hide all values using three semi-colons

(00:25) Dot Plot

(01:37) Stem and Leaf Charts

(00:16) Over View of File Import and Histogram Creation

(00:56) Look at Zipped Folder from class download then unzip it with Right-click, “Extract All”
 (01:15) Text Files for communication between databases and data analysis programs like Excel
(02:06) Use Power Query to Import Multiple Files
(02:10) Get External Data Tab in Power Query, From File Button, From Folder Button
(02:33) We only need to keep “Content” Column, so right-click “Content” Field Name and point to “Remove Other Col
(02:51) To reveal data in imported tables, click the button with the Two Downward Point Arrows.
(02:58) Filter out Field Name.
(04:10) Name Query
(04:17) Close and Load To a cell in our worksheet (this brings table of data from the Power Query editor window into
(04:51) Build Frequency Distribution with a PivotTable
(05:28) Use Find and Replace feature to create non-ambiguous labels in a Grouped Decimal Number PivotTable.
(06:31) Add a Slicer for the Year Variable to the PivotTable
(07:26) Create Histogram

(00:09) Explain meaning and uses for Cross Tabulation Tables, Clustered Column Chart, Stacked Column Chart and 100

(04:02) Use PivotTable to create Cross Tabulated Table for a Categorical and Quantitative Variable (Age and Payment
(04:17) Group Whole Number (age)
(06:22) Column Chart Options in Excel
(06:48) Clustered Column Chart to emphasize variable in Legend (Payment Method)
(08:27) Stacked Column Chart to emphasize variable in Horizontal Axis (Grouped Age Category)
(09:14) 100% Stacked Column Chart to emphasize the percentages.

(10:00) Use PivotTable to create Cross Tabulated Table for Two Categorical Variables and see that Cross Tabulation ar

(12:10) Simpson’s Paradox: Revealing a Hidden Variable in two sub-Cross Tabulation PivotTables may show a reverse c

(00:35) Direct (Positive) Relationship for Studying Hours and Test Score X-Y Scatter Chart and Add Terndline
(04:03) Inverse (Negative) Relationship for Absences in Class and Grade X-Y Scatter Chart and Add Terndline
(05:14) Direct (Positive) Relationship for # of Ads and sales X-Y Scatter Chart and Add Terndline
(06:11) No Relationship for Age and Amount Spent X-Y Scatter Chart
(06:48) Summarize the different types of Scatter Plot Charts

(00:16) VLOOKUP to Add New Region Field to Table

(06:14) Create Cross Tabulation based on the Grouped Revenue Field and the Region Field (Quantitative and Categorical Varia
(08:01) VLOOKUP to Add New Price Field to Table
(09:58) Revenue Formula
(10:48) Create Frequency Distribution based on the Grouped Revenue Field (Quantitative Variables)

(00:10) What is Dot Plot

(00:58) Create Dot Plot
(01:20) Create Sequential Numbers 0 to 10
(01:40) Change Column Widths & Style Formatting
(02:15) Cell Chart Formula
(02:30) COUNTIFS to Count with one condition / Criteria
(03:04) REPT function to Repeat dots
(04:19) Cell Formatting Dialog Box for Aligning Dots in cell vertically
(05:02) Copy and Paste Cell Chart and Quick Ways to Edit and Change Cell Ranges in Formulas
Primary Key Action Keyboard Short Cut
1 Move the Active Worksheet up or down Ctrl + PageUp/PageDown
2 Put content in Cell and move selected Cell down Enter
3 Put content in Cell and keep Cell selected Ctrl + Enter
4 Undo Ctrl + Z
5 Copy Ctrl + C
6 Paste Ctrl + V
7 Cut Ctrl + X
8 Bold Ctrl + B
9 Put Cell in Edit Mode F2
10 Arrow to point to a formula Cell Reference Arrow Keys
11 SUM function Alt + =
12 Delete Cell content Delete
13 Lock Cell Reference (make Absolute) F4
14 Put content in Cell and move selected Cell to right Tab
15 Put content in Cell and move selected Cell to left Shift + Tab
16 Jump to bottom of data set (Current Range) Ctrl + Arrow
17 Select to bottom of data set (Current Range) Ctrl + Shift + Enter
18 Put content in Cell and move selected Cell up Shift + Enter
19 Jump Back to Active Cell Ctrl + Backspace
20 Open Create PivotTable dialog box Alt, N, V
21 Format Chart Element with Task Pane Ctrl + 1
22 Open Format Cells dialog box Ctrl + 1
23 Jump to Cell A1 Ctrl + Home
24 Jump to last Cell used Ctrl + End
25 Open Control Panel Window + Pause/Break
Window + D
or
26 Show Desktop Window + M
Ctrl + * (on Number Pad)
or
27 Select Whole Table (Select Current Region) Ctrl + Shift + 8
Select Ranges not next to each other (noncontiguous
28 ranges) Ctrl + Mouse Click
29 Open Print Options and Print Preview view Ctrl + P
30 Close Print Options and Print Preview view Esc
31 New Workbook File Ctrl + N
32 Save As Dialog Box F12
33 Find and Replace Ctrl + Home
Category
Navigation
Entering Data in a Cell
Entering Data in a Cell
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Formula Edit Mode Keys
Formula Edit Mode Keys
Formula Edit Mode Keys
Basic
Formula Edit Mode Keys
Entering Data in a Cell
Entering Data in a Cell
Navigation
Formula Edit Mode Keys
Entering Data in a Cell
Formula Edit Mode Keys
PivotTable
Chart
Format Cells
Navigation
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Window Key

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Basic
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 Descriptive Statistics: Tabular, Graphical and Numerical summaries of data.

Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical summaries of data.

Chapter 3: Descriptive Statistics: Numerical summaries of data.

Why? Because it is hard to see patterns and trends when you are looking at Raw Data! Our Goal is to
create useful information from the raw data so that we can see patterns and trends. This will help in
Decision Making.

Data

Categorical Quantitative
Data: Label Data: Number

Tabular Graphic Tabular Graphic

Methods Methods Methods Methods

1) Frequency Distr. Charts: 1) Frequency Distr. 1) Dot Plot

2) Relative/Percent 1) Column 2) Relative/Percent 2) Histogram
Frequency Distr. 2) Pie Frequency Distr. 3) Ogive
3) Crosstabulation 3) Clustered 3) Cumulative 4) Stem & Leaf Display
Column Frequency Distr. 5) Scatter Diagram
4) Stacked Column 4) Cumulative 6) Clustered Column
5) 100% Stacked Relative/Percent 7) Stacked Column
Column Frequency Distr. 8) 100% Stacked Column
5) Crosstabulation
ay

umn
Tabular and Graphical Displays For Categorical Variables Single Variable:
Frequency Distribution
Relative/Percent Frequency Distribution
Column Chart or Bar Chart (Excel Names)
Pie Chart
Pareto Chart
Frequency Distribution is a tabular summary which:
1) Lists all the unique values or ranges of values in a set of data, called categories or classes
2) Categories must be Collectively Exhaustive Categories (enough categories so nothing is left out) and Mutually Exclusive Catego
item can fit into more than one category)
3) Shows the number of observations (count or frequency) in each of the categories or classes
4) Goal is to is to provide information about frequencies (count)
Relative Frequency Distribution
Shows decimal value that represents "parts compared to the whole" (used in chapter 4 for assigning probabilities)
Percent Frequency Distribution
Formats Relative Frequencies with Percent Number Format
Column/Bar/Pie Chart:
Used to show Frequency Distribution or Relative/Percent Frequency Distribution for Categorical Data
Counts across categories. Height of columns convey count. Order of categories conveys no info
There are "gaps" between columns to indicate that the data is categorical or a discrete quantitative variable (not a continuous qua
variable). Columns do not touch
Pie Chart
Used to show Percent Frequency Distribution
Research shows that Column or Bar Charts may be more effective than Pie Charts
Pareto Chart
Column Chart that is sorted Biggest to Smallest

Quality Control Pareto Chart (Column Chart Sorted Descending Left To Right) and then add a Cumulative Percentage Line data seri

07/06/2022 Page 23 of 55 599635591.xlsx

Tabular and Graphical Displays For Quantitative Variables Single Variable:
Frequency Distribution
Creating Classes for Quantitative Variables
Relative/Percent Frequency Distribution
Histograms
Cumulative Frequency Distribution & Cumulative Percent Frequency Distribution
Cumulative Percent Frequency Distribution Chart (Ogive Chart)
Dot Plot
Stem and Leaf
Frequency Distribution is a tabular summary which:
1) Lists all the unique values or ranges of values in a set of data, called categories or classes
2) Categories must be Collectively Exhaustive Categories (enough categories so nothing is left out) and Mutually Exclusive Catego
item can fit into 2 or more categories)
3) Shows the number of observations (count or frequency) in each of the categories or classes
4) Goal is to is to provide information about frequencies (count)
Creating Classes for Quantitative Variables
The goal is to reveal the natural distribution or shape or variation of the data. This is the "art side of statistics". It takes practice to
hang of it
Determine the number of nonoverlapping classes. Goal is to have enough to show natural shape of data. One general guideline is:
where n = count and k = number of classes

Determine the width of each class with something like: approx. width = (Max-Min)/(Number of classes). Trial and error is usually re
Determine the class limits: the key is to not create classes where you can would double count. Trial and error is usually required
If you have a discrete variable (or a continuous variable that is shown as a whole number) it is just a matter of getting the lower a
limit, like: 0-9, 10-19...
If you have a continuous Variable and you choose to use the upper limit from the previous class as the lower limit for the curren
sure to include the equal sign on either the lower or upper, but not both. Create classes like: 0 <= Sales < 20, 20 <= Sales <40... o
20 up to 40...
When we create a set of classes, we are creating a type of category for our continuous quantitative variable
Making the classes all the same width helps to create tables and charts that are more easily interpreted
Sometimes if there are a few large values or small values, it may be efficient to create an open ended class
Class midpoint is calculated as the halfway mark between the lower and upper limit
Relative Frequency Distribution:
Shows decimal value that represents "parts compared to the whole" (used in chapter 4 for assigning probabilities)
Percent Frequency Distribution:
Formats Relative Frequencies with Percent Number Format

07/06/2022 Page 24 of 55 599635591.xlsx

Histograms

Used to show frequency distribution of continuous quantitative data over a set of class intervals (lower and upper limit for each ca
Column or Bar Charts where columns are touching to indicate that the variable is continuous
Columns touch to indicate that no numbers can fit between classes. "No numbers can fit between columns - no gaps"
Height of columns convey count
Order of classes is important to help reveal shape of data, or distribution of data
Skew of Histograms
What does the distribution of Histogram Columns look like?
Skew Left or Negative means a few short Histogram Columns are on the low end (pull mean down)
Skew Right or Positive means a few short Histogram Columns are on the high end (pull mean up)
No Skew means the distribution is bell shaped or nearly bell shaped
Cumulative Frequency Distribution is a tabular summary which:
Shows the cumulative number of observations (count or frequency) in each of the categories or classes. Count for "less than or eq
upper limit of class. The last class will be equal to the count of all items in the data set
Cumulative Percent Frequency Distribution is a tabular summary which:
Shows the percent cumulative frequency in each of the categories or classes. Calculation is based on Running Total divided by cou
items in the data set. The last class will be equal to 100%
With any particular class you can say something like: "xx% of the occurrences are less than or equal to the upper limit of the class"
Cumulative Percent Frequency (Ogive) Charts. Not in textbook
Use an X-Y Scatter Chart to plot the set of x-y values, where x is equal to the upper limit of the class and y is the Cumulative Percen
Frequency; or use a Histogram with Frequencies and add a second set of data points that represent the Cumulative Percent Frequ
change chart type to line.
Dot Plot
Summarizes data by the number of dots above each category on the horizontal axis
Used to show distribution of quantitative data over entire range of data
Dot Plots are good for comparing two or more data sets
Stem and Leaf
Allows you to see the shape of the distribution for a quantitative variable without losing the identity of each value

07/06/2022 Page 25 of 55 599635591.xlsx

Tabular and Graphical Displays For Two Variables
Two Variables
Crosstabulation
Clustered Colum
Stacked Column
100% Stacked Column
Simpson's Paradox
Scatter Chart for X-Y Data
Crosstabulation
Counting with two criteria or conditions
Allows you to compare two variables and shows relationship between two variables (can be categorical or quantitative)
Grouping quantitative data into classes creates a category for counting
One variable is a Row Header and the other is a Column Header
PivotTables are perfect for creating Crosstabulations, including the ability to show percentages with by right-clicking the Values ar
to "Show Values as" and then choose "% of Grand Total", "% of Row Total", "% of Column Total"
Grand Totals show Frequency Distributions for Row and Column Criteria, but is not the main idea of a Cross Tab
Clustered Column (Excel Name) = "Side-By-Side Bar" in textbook
Good for displaying crosstabulation. Emphasis is on comparing the categories listed in the legend
Stacked Column (Excel Name) = not in textbook
Good for displaying crosstabulation. Emphasis is on comparing the categories listed in the horizontal axis
100% Stacked Column (Excel Name) = "Stacked Bar" in textbook
Good for displaying crosstabulation. Similar to a pie chart where each column is 100%. Emphasis is on comparing percentages for
Legend
Simpson's Paradox
Conclusion from an aggregate of two or more crosstabulations may be the reverse of the individual crosstabulations because of a
variable
Scatter Chart for X-Y Data
Goal: see if there is a relationship between two categorical variables
Horizontal Axis = Independent Variable = x. Vertical Axis = Dependent Variable = f(x) = y
Two Numbers plotted, one on each axis.
To plot point: 1) Move along x axis, then 2) move along y axis, record point
In Excel, X values should be to left of y values, and field (variable names at top of each column).
Use X-Y Scatter Plot Chart, not Line Chart
Visual Presentation Notes:
Charts to show Distribution of Data:
Column/Bar/Pie: Used to show Frequency Distribution or Relative/Percent Frequency Distribution for Categorical Data or Discrete
Quantitative Data
Dot Plot: Used to show distribution of quantitative data over entire range of data

Histogram: Used to show frequency distribution of continuous quantitative data over a set of class intervals (lower and upper limit
Stem and Leaf: Allows you to see the shape of distribution for a quantitative variable without losing the identity of each value
Charts to show comparisons:
Clustered Colum: Emphasis is on comparing the categories listed in the legend
Stacked Column: Emphasis is on comparing the categories listed in the horizontal axis
100% Stacked Column: Each column is Similar to a pie chart. Emphasis is on comparing percentages for categories in Legend
Charts to show relationships of X-Y data:
X-Y Scatter Chart & Trendline
Data Dashboards

07/06/2022 Page 26 of 55 599635591.xlsx

A set of easy to understand and interpret Visual displays (tabular and graphical) that present useful information about a companie
organization's performance

07/06/2022 Page 27 of 55 599635591.xlsx

Excel Tips:
Advanced Filter, Extract Unique List
Advanced Filter dialog Box:
Action: Copy to another location
List: Proper Data Set. Can be all fields, or just some of the fields.
Criteria: we will leave this empty for our "Extract Unique List"
Copy to: Top left cell of Extract Range
Unique records only: Used to extract a unique list. Can be uses on a single column or multiple columns.
Be sure to have field name in data set; if you do not you will get 1 duplicate because it will always treat the first row as a field
When you run Advanced Filter (AF), 2 Defined Names are created: Extract & Criteria. This is so AF can remember for next time
Formulas or PivotTable?

Formulas update automatically when the raw data changes. There are more options with formulas, like more functions and more
options for upper and lower limits when creating classes. With formulas you can choose which columns in your tabular summary t
would like in your chart; whereas, with a PivotTable, you cannot choose because all columns will show up in the chart and cannot
out
PivotTables update after raw data changes only after you refresh. Right-click PivotTable and point to Refresh. When you make a Pi
tabular summary, all columns will show up in the chart and cannot be edited out
PivotTables and Show Values As
After you drag a Field from the PivotTable Field List to the Values area, you can right-click the Values area in the PivotTable and po
Values As. This will allow us to change the calculation to calculations like: % of Column Total, % of Row Total, % of Grand Total, Ru
and % of Running Total. We will use this feature throughout the class
PivotTables Grouping for Quantitative Variable (Number)

Drag Number Field to Row area, right-click in Row area, point to "Group", Look at "Starting at" (Min) and "Ending at" (Max), then s
increment or class width for class (category) where it says "By". Note [1]: For Decimal Values, the grouping feature creates class la
10, 10-20, 20-30, etc. where the Upper Limit is not included in the class (category) and the Lower Limit is included. A 10 value will
in the class 10-20, not 0-10. Be sure to include enough classes so that the category or class labels are not ambiguous. For example
video example for grades, the last class was 90-100 and the 90 value and the 100 value were both included in the count and so the
was ambiguous: we resolved this ambiguity by change the "Ending at" (Max) value from 100 to 110. Note [2]: For Integer Values, t
feature will create non-ambiguous class labels like 16-22, 23-29, 30-36, etc.
VLOOKUP function

VLOOKUP Delivers a value to a cell

Exact Match: means VLOOKUP starts at first item in first column & looks at each item in column until it finds an exact match
If there are duplicates, it only finds the first one
If it can't find a match, it returns an #N/A error
1st column is where VLOOKUP "looks" to figure out what row in the table has the value it wants
Tell VLOOKUP what value it should look up = 1st argument
Tell VLOOKUP where the table is = 2nd argument
Tell VLOOKUP what column holds the value you want to return to the cell = 3rd argument
Tell VLOOKUP whether you are doing exact ( 0 ) or approximate (leave argument blank) match = 4th argument
Power Query: Import Text Files From Folder

If you have multiple Text Files in a Folder, using Power Query (a COM add-in for Excel), you can use the Import From File, Import F
option to quickly import many files at one time. When the Data gets dumped into the Query Editor window, Right-Click the "Conte
and point to Remove Other Columns. After the "Content" Field is the only field, click the double downward-pointing button to exp
columns to see all the fields. Then use the Filter Drop Down to Filter out the Field Names from the data set. If you don't see the Fie
the Filter dropdown, click the "List may be incomplete - Load More" link. Then you can name the Query and click the Close and Lo
button, then the Close and Load To button a second time, then select your location in the Excel Workbook to place your table of d

07/06/2022 Page 28 of 55 599635591.xlsx

 Data From sample of Phone
Purchases Formulas or PivotTable? Formulas update automatically when the raw
Apple iPhone 6 PivotTables update only after you refresh. All
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4  Formula:
Data From sample of Phone Relative
Apple iPhone 6 Plus Purchases Frequency Frequency
Samsung Galaxy S5 Apple iPhone 6 123 0.2200
Samsung Galaxy S5 Apple iPhone 6 Plus 87 0.1556
Apple iPhone 6 Plus Samsung Galaxy Note 4  152 0.2719
Apple iPhone 6 Samsung Galaxy S5 64 0.1145
Apple iPhone 6 Motorola Moto G 20 0.0358
Samsung Galaxy Note 4  LG G3 39 0.0698
Samsung Galaxy S5 Sony Xperia Z3 74 0.1324
Apple iPhone 6 Plus Total 559 1
Apple iPhone 6
Motorola Moto G
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3 Data From sample of Phone Purchases
Samsung Galaxy Note 4  30.00%
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
25.00%
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4  20.00%
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4  15.00%
Sony Xperia Z3
10.00%
Apple iPhone 6
Motorola Moto G 5.00%
Motorola Moto G
Samsung Galaxy S5 0.00%
Apple Apple Samsung Samsung Motorola LG G3 Sony Xperia
Sony Xperia Z3 iPhone 6 iPhone 6 Galaxy Galaxy S5 Moto G Z3
Plus Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
Motorola Moto G
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Sony Xperia Z3
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy S5
LG G3
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Motorola Moto G
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy S5
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
LG G3
LG G3
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6
Motorola Moto G
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z3
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
LG G3
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Motorola Moto G
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
LG G3
Motorola Moto G
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Motorola Moto G
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Motorola Moto G
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Motorola Moto G
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Motorola Moto G
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Motorola Moto G
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6
Motorola Moto G
Motorola Moto G
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
LG G3
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Motorola Moto G
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Motorola Moto G
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Motorola Moto G
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Motorola Moto G
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
Sony Xperia Z3
LG G3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Motorola Moto G
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z3
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z3
Sony Xperia Z3
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 
Apple iPhone 6
Apple iPhone 6
Samsung Galaxy S5
LG G3
Apple iPhone 6 Plus
 utomatically when the raw data changes. There are more options with Formulas.
e only after you refresh. All columns in tabular summary show up in chart and cannot be edited out.

Number format *100

PivotTable:
Percent Percent
Frequency Frequency Data
22.00% 22.00 Data From sample of PhonPercentage Fre
15.56% 15.56 Apple iPhone 6 22.00%
27.19% 27.19 Apple iPhone 6 Plus 15.56%
11.45% 11.45 LG G3 6.98%
3.58% 3.58 Motorola Moto G 3.58%
6.98% 6.98 Samsung Galaxy Note 4  27.19%
13.24% 13.24 Samsung Galaxy S5 11.45%
100.00% 100.00 Sony Xperia Z3 13.24%
Total Result 100.00%

Data From sample of Phone Purchases

152

123

87
74
64

39
20

Sony Xperia
Z3 Apple Apple Samsung Samsung Motorola LG G3 Sony Xperia
iPhone 6 iPhone 6 Galaxy Note Galaxy S5 Moto G Z3
Plus 4 
Sum - Data From sample of Sum - Data From sample of Phone Purchases

Data From sample of Phone Purchases

Sony Xperia Z3 74

LG G3 39

Motorola Moto G 20

Samsung Galaxy S5 64

Samsung Galaxy Note 4  152

Apple iPhone 6 Plus 87

Apple iPhone 6 123

 Column For Categorical
Columns do not touch
Height of columns convey count
Order of categories conveys no info
SG Note 4 had most

MMG & LGG3 had least

hases Data From sample of Phone Purchases

Sony Xperia Z3
LG G3 13%
7%
Motorola Moto G
4%

Samsung Galaxy S5
11% Apple iPhone 6
22%

152

Samsung Galaxy Note 4  Apple iPhone 6 Plus

123 27% 16%
one 6

us
Product
(Boomerang Product Count
Name) Product (BoomFrequency 250
Carlota Aspen 43 200
Yanaki Bellen 20 150
Aspen Carlota 44 100
Yanaki Delicate Arch 21 50
Yanaki Sunset 14 0
n n ta ch e t ki
Yanaki Yanaki 58 s pe l le rlo Ar ns na s
A Be Ca e Su Ya Re
Yanaki Total Result 200 at ta
l
l ic To
De
Yanaki
Yanaki Product (BoomPercent Frequency
Aspen Aspen 21.50%
Percent Frequency
Aspen Bellen 10.00%
1200.00%
Yanaki Carlota 22.00%
Carlota Delicate Arch 10.50% 1000.00%
Carlota Sunset 7.00% 800.00%
Carlota Yanaki 29.00% 600.00%
Carlota Total Result 100.00% 400.00%
Sunset
200.00%
Yanaki
0.00%
Aspen Percent Frequency
Carlota
Delicate Arch
Yanaki
Yanaki
Yanaki
Aspen
Sunset
Aspen
Yanaki
Carlota
Aspen
Yanaki
Aspen
Aspen
Aspen
Yanaki
Delicate Arch
Aspen
Carlota
Yanaki
Yanaki
Bellen
Aspen
Sunset
Delicate Arch
Delicate Arch
Delicate Arch
Carlota
Carlota
Carlota
Yanaki
Aspen
Yanaki
Aspen
Carlota
Aspen
Aspen
Carlota
Bellen
Aspen
Carlota
Carlota
Delicate Arch
Delicate Arch
Carlota
Delicate Arch
Carlota
Yanaki
Sunset
Yanaki
Sunset
Sunset
Carlota
Bellen
Yanaki
Aspen
Yanaki
Delicate Arch
Yanaki
Aspen
Carlota
Yanaki
Yanaki
Carlota
Carlota
Yanaki
Aspen
Delicate Arch
Aspen
Yanaki
Delicate Arch
Yanaki
Yanaki
Bellen
Bellen
Carlota
Aspen
Carlota
Delicate Arch
Yanaki
Yanaki
Yanaki
Carlota
Aspen
Delicate Arch
Yanaki
Sunset
Bellen
Aspen
Yanaki
Aspen
Yanaki
Aspen
Sunset
Delicate Arch
Aspen
Delicate Arch
Delicate Arch
Aspen
Carlota
Bellen
Yanaki
Aspen
Sunset
Aspen
Yanaki
Aspen
Bellen
Yanaki
Bellen
Carlota
Yanaki
Aspen
Bellen
Sunset
Bellen
Sunset
Yanaki
Yanaki
Carlota
Delicate Arch
Carlota
Aspen
Bellen
Delicate Arch
Bellen
Carlota
Yanaki
Yanaki
Carlota
Bellen
Aspen
Carlota
Carlota
Carlota
Bellen
Yanaki
Delicate Arch
Aspen
Bellen
Sunset
Yanaki
Yanaki
Carlota
Carlota
Aspen
Yanaki
Carlota
Yanaki
Aspen
Carlota
Bellen
Carlota
Carlota
Carlota
Carlota
Delicate Arch
Yanaki
Aspen
Yanaki
Delicate Arch
Yanaki
Bellen
Aspen
Sunset
Aspen
Carlota
Yanaki
Yanaki
Yanaki
Bellen
Bellen
Carlota
Yanaki
Aspen
Sunset
Yanaki
Carlota
Aspen
Yanaki
Aspen
oduct Count

ot
a ch e t ki ul
t
Ar ns na s
te Su Y a
l Re
l ica ta
De To

ent Frequency

Percent Frequency
 Experiment of tossing coin three times
(Gaps because there are some numbers we cannot get)
0.375 0.375
Probability

0.125 0.125

0 1 2 3
# of heads in 3 flips

Some Discrete Numbers (Numbers with Gaps between them - like counting) are
shown in Column charts with the columns not touching so that visually
you see that there are gaps. The order on the horizontal axis is important
to help reveal the shape of the data.
 Quality Control Pareto Chart (Column Chart Sorted Descending Left To Right) and the
If there are not totals at the bottom of your Frequency Distribution, you can right-click
To calculate the Cumulative % total, you can use the formula, =SUM($D$14:D14)/S
To add a Series of data to a chart, click on the chart, click on the Chart Tools/Design Ribbon, then click on the Select Da
To change the added data to the secondary axis, click on the newly added data series, then Ctrl + 1 (to ope
To change the Columns to a line chart, right-click the columns and point to

Pareto: Dissatisfaction
with Boomerang Category: Reason For
Purchased Dissatisfaction Frequency Cumulative %
Broken When Thrown Bad Finish 21 45.65%
Bad Finish Unattractive Design 9 65.22%
Unattractive Design Did Not Work 9 84.78%
Unattractive Design Broken When Thrown 4 93.48%
Bad Finish Rough Wood 2 97.83%
Did Not Work No Instructions 1 100.00%
Did Not Work Total 46
Unattractive Design
Bad Finish Pareto: Dissatisfaction with Boomerang Purchased
Did Not Work Frequency Cumulative %
Unattractive Design 97.83% 100.00%
25 93.48% 100.00%
Bad Finish 84.78%
Did Not Work 20 65.22% 80.00%
Rough Wood 15 45.65% 60.00%
Bad Finish 10 40.00%
Bad Finish 5 20.00%
Bad Finish
0 0.00%
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Bad Finish
Bad Finish
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Did Not Work
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Bad Finish
Bad Finish
Bad Finish
Bad Finish
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Unattractive Design
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cending Left To Right) and then add a Cumulative Percentage Line data series to chart.
istribution, you can right-click a cell in the column you want to sort by and point to sort.
formula, =SUM($D$14:D14)/SUM($D$14:$D$18), in cell E14, and then copy it down
on, then click on the Select Data button. Or you can copy (Ctrl + C) the cell data, click on the chart, then paste (Ctrl + V).
ta series, then Ctrl + 1 (to open format data series dialog box), then click the "Secondary Axis" dialog button.
click the columns and point to "Change Series Chart Type", then select line.

Link To Video:
Excel 2010 Statistics #17 Ogive Chart Formula PivotTable Data Analysis Toolpak Add-in & Pareto Chart
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Q-8rKTsC1o
at 28:20 minute mark

ased
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100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
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e chart, then paste (Ctrl + V).
s" dialog button.

Analysis Toolpak Add-in & Pareto Chart