EIFFEL

TOWER
RESEARCH ON BIOMMICRY
 WHAT IS BIOMMICRY ?
BIOMIMICRY OR BIOMIMETICS IS THE EXAMINATION OF NATURE, ITS
MODELS, SYSTEMS, PROCESSES, AND ELEMENTS TO EMULATE OR
TAKE INSPIRATION FROM IN ORDER TO SOLVE HUMAN PROBLEMS.
THE TERM BIOMIMICRY AND BIOMIMETICS COME FROM THE GREEK
WORDS BIOS, MEANING LIFE, AND MIMESIS, MEANING TO IMITATE.
OTHER TERMS OFTEN USED ARE BIONICS, BIO-INSPIRATION,
AND BIOGNOSIS.
EIFFEL TOWER IMAGES
INTRODUCTION TO EIFFEL
TOWER
The Eiffel Tower is an iron lattice tower
located at Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in
1889, it has become both a global icon of
France and one of the most recognizable
structures in the world. The tower is the
tallest building in Paris and the most-
visited paid monument in the world;
millions of people ascend it every year.
Named for its designer, engineer Gustave
Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance
arch to the 1889 World's Fair.
FEATURES AND FACTS

The Eiffel Tower (French: La Tour Eiffel,

nickname La dame de fer, the iron lady) is an
iron lattice tower located at Champ de Mars in
Paris. Built in 1889, it has become both a
global icon of France and one of the most
recognizable structures in the world. The tower
is the tallest building in Paris and the most-
visited paid monument in the world; millions of
people ascend it every year. Named for its
designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower
was built as the entrance arch to the 1889
World's Fair.
MATERIAL USED
The pig iron structure of the Eiffel Tower
weighs 7,300 tonnes while the entire structure,
including non-metal components, is
approximately 10,000 tonnes. As a
demonstration of the economy of design, if the
7,300 tonnes of the metal structure were
melted down it would fill the 125 metre square
base to a depth of only 6 cm (2.36 in),
assuming the density of the metal to be 7.8
tonnes per cubic metre. Depending on the
ambient temperature, the top of the tower may
shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7.1 in)
because of thermal expansion of the metal on
the side facing the sun.
REFLECTION/SYMMETRY
THE PICTURE OF THE EIFFEL TOWER SHOWS THAT IT
HAS ONLY ONE LINE OF SYMMETRY
CONSTRUCTION OF EIFFEL TOWER
 Each of the 18,000 pieces used to build the tower was calculated
specifically for the project and prepared in Eiffel's factory on the
outskirts of Paris. The wrought-iron structure is composed of four
immense arched legs, set on masonry piers that curve inward until
joining in a single, tapered tower.
 Building the tower required 2.5 million thermally assembled rivets
and 7,300 tons of iron. To protect the tower from the elements,
workers painted every inch of the structure, a feat that required 60
tons of paint. The tower has since been repainted 18 times.
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
 Eiffel’s initial plan was for a 1000-foot tower made of solely wrought iron. When he was chosen as the winning
design for the tower, he began working on improving the design. Eiffel, along with fifty other engineers, generated
approximately 5,300 blueprints. Every length of trusses had to be calculated manually and individually, which
proved to be very time consuming.
 The construction of the Eiffel Tower began on July 1, 1887. The first step in construction was a foundationmade
from concrete that was embedded with anchor bolds that were approximately 26 feet long, which would help
support this massive structure. It required about 18,000 steel pieces to be connected together in Levallois- Perret,
a factory near Paris. There were one hundred workers working eighteen-hour days to manufacture all the pieces in
order to construct the tower. The parts were assembled in the factory first using bolts, but would be replaced with
rivets during the actual time of construction.
FRONT VIEW AND TOP VIEW OF
EIFFEL TOWER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I WOULD LIKE TO GIVE SPECIAL THANKS OF GRATITUDE

TO MY STUDIO INCHARGE AR. ZAINAB SAMREEN MAM,
WHO GAVE ME KNOWLEDGE REGARDING RESEARCH
AND BIOMMICRY AND GAVE ME THE OPPURUNITY TO
WORK ON THIS PRESENTATION