CARE OF CLIENTS WITH MOOD DISORDER

What is MOOD?
 Is a person’s internal state of mind that is exhibited through feelings and emotions

What is AFFECT?
 Is a person’s external response to changing states of moods

What is MOOD DISORDER?

 DSM-IV-TR: is a disorder whose predominant feature is the disturbance or alteration in a person’s mood
 Formerly known as AFFECTIVE DISORDER

TYPES OF AFFECT DESCRIPTION

Appropriate Emotional tone is in agreement with the current situation
Inappropriate Emotional tone is not related to the person’s immediate
circumstances
Labile Denotes sudden shift in a person’s emotional tone that
cannot be understood in the context of the situation
Elevated Feeling of euphoria (exaggerated feeling of well-being that is
not directly proportionate to a specific circumstances or
situation)
Depressed Feeling of sadness
Over-reactive Affect is appropriate to situation but out of proportion to the
stimulus in the environment
Blunted Accompanies a dulled emotion response to a situation
Flattened No visible cues to person’s feelings

DSM-IV-TR CATEGORIES OF MOOD DISORDER

1. Depressive disorder
2. Bipolar disorder (formerly called Manic-Depressive Disorder)

DEPRESSIVE DISORDER:

CATEGORY:
1. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION)
A. Involves 2 or more weeks of sad mood or lack of interest in life activities (Anhedonia),
and at least four other symptoms:
 Changes in appetite or weight, sleep or psychomotor activity
 Decrease energy (anergia)
 Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
 Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
 Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, plans or attempts
B. The mood disturbance causes marked distress and/or significant impairment in social or
occupational functioning.
 C. There is no evident of a physical or substance-induced etiology or of another major
mental disorder.
2. DYSTHMIC DISORDER
 Disorder resulting in depressed mood with a duration of at least 2 years for more days
than not with some additional less severe symptoms that do not meet criteria for an
MDD.
3. DEPRESSIVE DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
 Depressive disorder that are impairing but do not fit any of the officially specified
diagnosis.

OTHER DISORDERS THAT INVOLVE CHANGES IN MOOD

1. SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER (SAD)

 Depression occurring in conjunction with a seasonal change most often beginning fall or
winter and remitting in spring.
2. POSTPARTUM “MATERNITY BLUES”
 Frequent experience after delivery of a baby, symptoms begin approximately 1 day after
delivery and usually peak in 3-7 days, and disappear rapidly with no medical treatment.
3. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION
 Meets all the criteria for a MDD, with onset within 4 weeks of delivery
4. POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS
 Is a psychotic episode developing within 3 weeks of delivery and beginning with fatigue,
sadness, emotional lability, poor memory, and confusion progressing to delusions,
hallucinations and loss of contact with reality. Medical emergencies requires immediate
treatment.

ETIOLOGY

A. BIOLOGICAL THEORIES
1. Neurochemical Theory: BIOGENIC AMINE THEORY OF DEPRESSION
2. Neuroendocrine Influences
3. Circadian Rhythm Changes
B. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
1. Psychoanalytic Theory
2. Cognitive-Behavioral Theory
3. Interpersonal Theory

CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION

Objective signs:
a) Alterations in activity
 Psychomotor agitation
 Change in ADL’s due to : Anhedonia and apathy
 Change in sleeping patterns
1. Insomnia
2. Middle insomnia
3. Terminal insomnia
4. Hypersomnia
 Change in eating pattern
1. Hyperphagia
2. Hypophagia