KR0101299

KAERI/TR-1833/2001

LRB
Determination of Design Parameters of
Lead-Rubber Bearings by Characterization Tests
 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT
ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT
WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK
2000^ LRB

2001. 4.

Al
 o ofc

I.
LRB

LRB(Lead-Rubber Bearing)

LRB
LRB

III.

bilinear JE^-i;
A]

IV.

- 111 -
- LRBi2] o l ^ 7 ^ £ - bilinear £ . 1 ^ O]AOV^^- ^. 0^4. o

- IV -
 SUMMARY

I . Project Title
Determination of Design Parameters of Lead-Rubber Bearings by
Characterization Tests

I I . Purpose and Importance on the Research

A lead-rubber bearing (LRB) is commonly used as a seismic isolator
for the seismic protection of bridges. Seismic isolation systems reduce
transmitted forces to the structure by introducing sufficiently flexible
supports between the upper structure and base mat and dissipating a
significant amount of earthquake energy. In general, acceptable isolation
systems will: Remain stable for required design displacements; provide
increasing resistance with increasing displacement; not degrade under
repeated cyclic load; and have quantifiable engineering parameters.
Dynamic properties of isolation systems, which are main parameters
affecting the safety of structures, are different from isolation types and
manufacturers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effective
stiffness and equivalent damping of the KR LRB through horizontal
shear tests and to demonstrate acceptability of proposed design
procedures and models for LRB seismic isolation systems.

III. Scope and Contents of the Research

This report includes characterization tests of LRB provided by KR
Industrial Co. and also includes evaluation of effective stiffness and
equivalent damping ratio of LRB. With test data, dynamic properties of
LRB are reviewed and design procedures proposed by KR, Japan, and
United States are compared and revised. Two bilinear models of LRB

- v -
are proposed. One is obtained from hysteresis loop, the other is based
on mechanical property data of laminated rubber and lead plug.
Comparison of analysis results with test results for a bridge
scaled-model is performed to show the applicability of proposed
bilinear models.

IV. Results of the Research and Suggestion for the Application

Based on the review and evaluation of the KR LRB design
parameters and procedures, following conclusions are drawn.

- Design parameters of LRB, effective stiffness and equivalent

damping, are significantly influenced by horizontal loading
frequency and vertical load.
- Hysteretic behavior of LRB can be idealized by a bilinear model.
The initial stiffness of the model must be determined with
accuracy.

- LRB design procedures proposed by the KR Industrial Co. may be

applicable to determine effective stiffness, but some modifications
are needed to determine equivalent damping.

- vi -
 CONTENTS

SUMMARY v

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

Chapter 2. Properties of LRB 3

Section 1. General Properties 3
Section 2. Properties of the KR Bearing 11

Chapter 3. LRB Test 13

Section 1. Test Specimen • •• 13
Section 2. Test Facilities 19
Section 3. Test Procedure 19

Chapter 4. Test Results 25

Section 1. Horizontal Shear Test 25
Section 2. Post-Test Investigation of Specimen 41

Chapter 5. Comparison of LRB Parameters and Design Procedure

45
Section 1. LRB Parameters 45
Section 2. Design Procedures 48
Section 3. Modelling of Hysteresis Curve 51

Chapter 6. Conclusions 57

References 59

Appendix 1. Summary Tables of Horizontal Shear Test 61

Appendix 2. Equivalent Linear Models of LRB 79
Appendix 3. LRB Design Procedures 85

- vn -
Appendix 4. Comparison of Earthquake Behavior of Base-Isolated
Bridges with LRB 91
Appendix 5. Seismic Design Specification of Highway Bridges
99

- vm -
JL ^ •£: ill
SUMMARY v

KR ^1#£) ^ 11

LRB ^-^A|ig 13
*n 13
19
19

25
25
41

LRB ^ - ^ x ] ^ •£;$-*] y]iH 45

LRB ^ * 1 45
^7^]^] ti]i2. 48

57

g-*l 59

1. LRB ^ 3 | ^ i ^ : A l ^ ^2}-5. 61

- IX -
ta
2. LRB5] .^ 79
3. LRB 85
4. LRB 7]2g- tilH 91
5. 99

- x -
3. 2.1 <HaH<y ^ J L ^ %5,4[ Tfk'§n<T 4
S. 3.1 Al^afloj ^ja. *fl€ 13
3 3.2 LRB ^ * | 7 ] - ^ - ^ 2|7>ti0l-^ 23
3. 4.1 -rSj^r^ Aj^a 26
a 5.1 KR LRB^ 'iTfl^-^^l 45
S. 5.2 # £ - A ) i g ^ 5 . - « ^ ^ ^ - LRB ^ - ^ x ] (7>^1 ^ 1 ^ ^ : O.lHz) ••• 46
S. 5.3 ^^-A]^^5.«-E1 < ^ ^ LRB 4 ^ * 1 (7]-^l ^ 1 ^ - ^ : 0.5Hz) ••• 46
5 5.4 ^ T E H i g j i ^ f E ] < ^ ^ LRB s - ^ ^ l (7V^1 ^ ^ ^ r : 0.7Hz) ••• 47
a 5.5 ^ A l ^ A S J f B l <£.£- LRB s . ^ ^ 1 (7f^l ^ 1 ^ ^ : 0.8Hz) - 47
5 . 5.6 £ i E H i g i i ^ . J f E i <^o. LRB S - A ^ I (7]-^l ^ 1 ^ ^ : l.OHz) ••• 48
6 5.7 ^ - J l # ^ o ] ] tfl^j. ^ ^ ] A I a ] ^ 49
3 . 5.8 ^ - 7 > ^ - ^ « H rfltb ^^1^1 W]35L 50
a 5.9 Bilinear S ^ l ^1*}: LRB #>$*! 56

- xi -
 2.1 LRB *§# 3
2.2 ^ A ] ^ ] tfl^V u L ^ 3 - g - ^ - ^ ^ 1 - ^ 5
2.3 ^ A ] * } ^ ^*V z\%3L^9\ o^^d 5
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ZL^ 2.5 ^ l ^ J L ^ l - Aj-g-^V ^^JI^O) ^.^-^^^-2) ^ ^ 7
ZL^ 2.6 ^-^-S] ^ ^ r ^ ^ 8
n^ 2.7 LRB5] 713M ^ " ^ 9
ZL^ 2.8 LRB5] ol^^-^d 10
ZL%1 2.9 LRB5] bilinear S.^i 10
ZL^ 2.10 KR ^%JL^-^\ ^^-^1^ ^ ^ 11
2.11 KR ^-^g-^ ^ i 1 ^ ^ ^ 1^4 11
2.12 KR ^-^-^1 -8-^-^^f- ^ 1 ^ 12
3.1 lOTon LRB A]^^O) ^ ^ ^ ^ 14
3.2 lOTon LRB ^l^^ll^l 4 ^ > 4 plate ^ 7 ^ ] £ ^ 15
& 3.3 200Ton LRB A]^^5] ^Tili^ 16
& 3.4 200Ton LRB ^ 1 ^ ^ ] ^ ^-t}^- plate ^ ^ ] J £ ^ 17
& 3.5 A]^SH A}*i 18
^ 3.6 A]^*) 20
^ 3.7 Al^sfl x>3)- ^ ^^J^i^Al^ ^-^ 21
^ 3.8 ^sj 7 >xiH o >^:o) o^ X\7J:o}^ ( 7 f^l ^ 1 ^ . ^ O.lHzS]
3-f) 22
^ 4.1 t}-^- Al^^)6|) tfl«}- ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 4 1 ^ 1 ^ 1 - (0.5Hz^ ^ - f ) ••• 27
^ 4.2 O.lHzofl cfl«^ 61^^-AJ (F102-2) 28
% 4.3 0.5Hzofl cfl^ ^ 1 ^ ^ - ^ i (F103-2) 28
^ 4.4 0.7Hz<>fl rJftis]- o]?m*i (F106-2) 29
o
4.5 0.8Hz^] rfltb l ^ ^ - ^ (F105-3) 29
4.6 l.OHzofl t f l ^ o ] ^ ^ ^ (F105-2) 30

- xn -
 4.7 ^ R t ° l ] tiq-g- - f K £ # ^ ^s(- 30
4.8 ^ ^ E E ^ ] ^ ^f^-i)^ ^SJ- 31
4.9 zfl^MrS.^ n}-€- : £ < H M * 1 3 ^ 31
4.10 OTonofl tfl^ ° 1 ^ ^ (F2001-1) 33
4.11 50Ton^Jl rfltb ° ] ^ ^ d (F2001-3) 33
ZZ.51 4.12 lOOTon^ t } ] ^ o ] ^ ^ - ^ (F2001-4) 34
ZL& 4.13 150Ton^l tfl«]- o ] ^ ^ - ^ i (F2001-8) 34
ZZ.5] 4.14 200Tonofl cfl^ o ] ^ ^ . ^ (F2001-7) 35
ZL^ 4.15 < £ ^ B ^ ] x^€- -fr5l 7 o v ^^ ^sj- 35
] 4.16 < a ^ ^ > # ^ vc^^r ^.7|.^-^fi] ^s)- 36
4.17 <a^-5->#^ n?-€- 4 : ^ ^ 1 1 ^ ^ ^ ^S)- 36
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ZL& 4.19 ^fl§> * H # * f l n}-€- ^ - 7 } - ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ - 39
ZL^ 4.20 7flo-> A>ol^-ofl n } ^ - ^AVclluix]^ ^ ^ . 40
ZZ.5J 4.21 Bearing ID. 101S] ^ ^ ^r^ 42
ZZ.e] 4.22 Bearing ID. 1 0 2 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ r ^ •• 42
ZL&j 4.23 Bearing ID. 103^) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 43
ZZ.e] 4.24 Bearing ID. 104S) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 43
ZL^ 4.25 Bearing ID. 1 0 5 ^ ^ ^ •?• S ^ 44
ZL& 4.26 Bearing ID. 1063} ^ * | ^ ^ ^ 44
ei 5.1 -fi-317^^1 rHtt -iTllA1 y
lS 49
^ 5.2 ^7>#£]«]cfl rfl^- -gTfl-i] tilS 50
5.3 o]AoVg}.s| LRB ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^Til^-^ 51
5.4 7 f ^ l ^ £ ^ ^ i ^ r ^ ^ l - ^ tflt!: ^ - ^ ^ £ ^ ^^- 54
5.5 LRB o ] ^ ^ - A l ^ 3 . ^ (F102-2) 55

- xin -
 ^1=3} (Seismic Isolation System 3E.Tr- Base Isolation System)^:

LS.*] ZL 7 l ^

]^-1(1992^)^

7\, -5-}

[1].

711 3. 71^-1: ^ ^ ^ ^ Si«Ho> t > ^ ^ ^ 2 ] ^ ] 71 ^

ZL 7l^#

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tb

;*] «y-^.^ ^ ^s\.6\] tfl

LRB(Lead-Rubber Bearing)

lOTon fpS.£] LRB #rfc A] ^aflfi}- 200Ton ff-S.fi! ^ 1 3.7} $\

-a^l^-a- tal51§>S-^^ LRB

- 2 -
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2.1 LRB

2.

O]H.7M*1

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 i p ^ A}-g-i5-Hr
0)5]]^ 3.711

fe 5- 2.154

2.1

(IRHD + 2) (kgf/cm 2 ) (kgf/cm2) (X104 kgf/cm 2 )

30 9.4 3.1 0.93 1.02
35 12.0 3.8 0.89 1.02
40 15.3 4.6 0.85 1.02
45 18.4 5.5 0.80 1.02
50 22.4 6.5 0.73 1.05
55 33.1 8.3 0.64 1.11
60 45.5 10.8 0.57 1.17
65 59.7 14.0 0.54 1.23
70 74.9 17.6 0.53 1.30
75 95.9 22.6 0.52 1.36

2.2^
200-300%^
-8-^°!

700% 3}S.<*H*|

<r G=3.5 kgf/cm 2 ^

-71-

- 4 -
 300
G=4.5kgf/cm2
G=3.5kgf/cm*
250
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t
200 /
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150 r
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W f
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200 400 600 800

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J? 200
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150

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' d ^ ^ - r ] (mm)
(a) 500-7X J4 (b) 500-3.75 X 26 *1 ^ *)1 (Si =33)
G = 4.5 koiycm2 G = 4.5 kgf/cm2

2.3

- 5 -
 2.3^ •%•% 300 kgf/cm2
Si 4 - O^*L#6\ 71^-7H
1*}
SI4-

SI4.

_ +30 a-100 kgf/cm2

G = 100 kgf/cm 2
•

1 +20 r- - = ±200< 3iaT r'-= ± . 3 IsJ

"S, +10
— 0 *-• —
H .J
—
tf - i o
£ -20 -20

-300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300 -30

-300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300
i
(mm) £ (mm)
^ -30 2
a- = 150 kgf/cm = 150 kgf/cm2
rz = ±200 9£x 3 si |+20 r = El

- o I—I— •*• ~ 0 i-—

10
ts~
H- - 2 0
ft--20
* -30 -300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300 * - 3 0 -300 -ZOO -100 0 +100 +200 +300
(mm) (mm)
„ -30 _+30
o = 200kgf/cm2 •r = 200 kgf/cm 2
"e +20 r•== ±200 1%X 3 ® 'e +20 3LaJ
o V=±300.' « - -

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--— —-
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£ -20 If-20
-300 -200 -100 0' +100 +200 +300 •^-30 -300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300
(mm) (mm)
12
r=±200%X3®
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=2 ^ 2
ff = 200kgf/c'm2
?="150 kgf
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/cm 2
kgf/cm2

-300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300 -300 -200 - 1 0 0 0 +100 +200 +300
t- (mm) $.¥3:12 (mm)

500-3.75X26 * .=33)
G = 3.5 kgf/cm2

- 6-
±200% ^
fe ±300%

2.5

50
- No. Si SEE

33 200 kgf/cm 2 45.1 cm

40
33 "300 37.7
g 18 200 47.1
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18 300 42.2
30

G= 4.5 kgf /cm 2

K
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52 = 5

2.5

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0.15 kgf/mm

330 °C
ot

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4.

bilinear
^ LRB
2.8)-§- 2.93]- ;y>g. bilinear

J iflcd

1
, •

' '

plug LR13

2.7 LRB^l 7l7lH ^

- 9 -
 ffi ffi : 65 kg/cm'
&--4.6, 5,-28.8

2.8 LRBSl

-250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 {%)

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 (cm)

2.9 LRB^ bilinear

- 10 -
KR ^1#^ ^
2.10:4 2.11^ zfzj-
ZL^ 2.12^

12.0 1
-j- —- 1

§ 7.2

4.8
i
£x Alis): : 0 x 20 cm'
2.4
i i. ?0l: 2.9 cm
^ S ( g : 36.7 Ton
B ^ E : 150mm/min
i
10 15 20 25
Stroke (mm)

2.10 KR

10000

^ ."_--5--"
m V-j '•-
Lod

1
< |,M -A3---" : \ f = "}^. | i
8000

6000 / tv

3 4000
E75
\

2000 \
\
\
10 20 30 40
Displacement (mm)

2.11 KR

- 11 -
 150

r-
>
120

o r
Y = 0 5S 0^14'^365S) * X + 79.9 95 57 31 8
/

60
I
I
30
1
1
Y to.8296 38 5i I * X

[• • •

50 100 150 200

Shear Strain (%)

2.12 KR

: Gr = 7.258 kgf/cm2

= 84.5 kgf/cm2
7y= 7.8%

0 = 1,083.0 kgf/cm2
1 = 58.0 kgf/cm2 (±

- 12 -
 LRB ^

lOTon LRB 77h 200Ton LRB 27fl

HSJ 3.1-5 # 3 : ) . ^ A] ^
3. 3.

3.1

lOTon LRB 200Ton LRB

lOTon 200Ton

^^/^^§ 150/30mm 521/lOOmm

154mm 248.5mm
(Ao^>-?- plate ^ | ^ )
4mmXl4# = 56mm 9.5mm X15# = 142.5mm

3 m m x l 3 f = 39mm 3 m m X l 4 f = 42mm
030 X 142mm 0100 x 245mm
(7.07cm2) (78.54cm2)

lOTon 9.38, 2.6801^, 200Ton LRB^

13.71, 3.66A
^ 20-35, ^ 50IAJ-

0}

s-*l lOTon

7.258 kg/cm2, 84.5 kg/cm 2

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- 17 -
3.5

- 18 -
 LRB ^ A ] - ^ fl 3 H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ l * ^
>4 ] ^] J] l^^r ^^1^>ZL lOOTon
actuator 1- ^ 2 l ^ S . 2ifl(^cfl stroke: ±7511101), ^ H M K ^ - S . 1^(^
tfl stroke: ± 125mm)# * l * l ^ H ^ I M ) ^ ^ U " ^ = ^ - ^ ^ ^ 200Ton
actuator^ ^r>

roller

actuator5]-

- lOTon LRB^l

200Ton

^}ZL 10%
3 . 7 ^ lOTon LRB ^

lOTon LRB A^oflA-] ^ j > ^ ^ ^ ] g ^ ]

^^-^ ^>^-A]?J o ] x ^ A ^ Z l ^ 3.83lf

200Ton LRB

- 19 -
 lOOTon
Actimtor

m Specimen Specimen lOOTon Actuator

I
K.
ffi

Reaction Floor Inaction Floor

3.6
* • —

(a) LRB

(a) LRB

3.7

- 21 -
 150

100 -

50 -
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£ 0 V V V -•' i I i ; 1
i i ! iI i
i"l \h\rt\\- \\
M
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to iiii:
-100 - I-4.
-150
o 100 200 300
Time (sec)

40

20 -
;l :\

0 - - ' r - - "I - - } •
r-h
o ;i !
ii 1 !
-20 -
n
-40 ' 1
100 200 300
Time (sec)

3.8 °m X\7J-o]^ (7^ O.lHzS]

- 22 -
 JSSI fl-3 1-21 ^ LRB

5. 3.2 LRB

LRB ^ 3g 7V * '

«*« i ..±30% # 3cycle

cycled]
*™ Kr (tf/cm)

±100%^ 3cycle ^r

cycled i-i: Q^
Keq (tf/cm)
±10%
)

x) ± 20 %

•i- T"0

±10%
r
j r/ ^ )

- 23 -
 lOTon ^ 200Ton LRB^Il tfl^ ^ s g ^ A ^ vf]-§--§: 5. 4.
A
4. S 4 H l ^ ^ l ^ ( B e a r i n g ID) 101-106^ lOTon LRB
20013zf 2002^ 200Ton LRB1-
^ actuator^ ^^-$\

4.1

LRB

1. 1^ ^ l ^ ^ l ^€ ^^^1
ZL^ 4.2^A-^«-E] ZL^ 4.6S] o | a ^ A ^ ^ . ^ 7|_^] x l ^ - ^ o.l, 0.5, 0.7,
0.8 3J l.OHzol] tfl^ lOTon LRB^ A] ^ ^ 3 4 0 1 4 . n ^ 4.25.^-^ ^^ig
^ # 200%ofl*\ Z-^&l ^ 5 } - ^ ^ ° ] ^ ^ ^ ^ yi-ir <£ ^ °M. =L^ 4.7,
4.8 ^ 4.9^

120% OJ

% ^ LRB
ZL ^ ]

- 25 -
 4.1

TEST MATRIX FOR KR LEAD RUBBER BEARINGS

Horizontal
Vertical Duration Max.
Bearing Loading ,
Filename Load Time Strain Remarks
ID Freq.
(Ton) (sec)
(Hz)
F101-15 101 10 0.1 285.66 200 Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200%
F101-16 10 0.1 285.79 200 Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200%
o

F102-1 102 Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200%
i—i

0.1 285.84 200

F102-2 200 Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200%
i—i

0.1 285.78
o

F103-1 103 10 0.5 53.94 150 Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, (150)%
F103-2 10 0.5 45.79 125 Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125%
F104-1 104 10 0.5 45.74 125 Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125%
F104-2 10 0.5 45.83 125 Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125%
F105-1 105 10 1.0 21.67 100 Strain: 10, 25, 40, 50, 75, 100%
F105-2 10 1.0 29.83 100 Strain: 10, 25, 40, 50, 75, 100%
F105-3 10 0.8 37.25 100 Strain: 10, 25, 40, 50, 75, 100%
F105-4 10 0.7 40.08 100 Strain: 10, 25, 40, 50, 75, 100%
o
1-1

F106-1 106 0.7 40.14 100 Strain: 10, 25, 40, 50, 75, 100%
F106-2 0.7 40.62 100 Strain: 10, 25, 40, 50, 75, 100%
o
1-1

F2001-1 2001 0 0.3 72.44 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2001-2 50 0.3 63.17 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2001-3 50 0.3 72.17 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2001-4 100 0.3 72.16 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2001-5 150 0.3 40.25 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2001-6 150 0.3 72.18 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2001-7 200 0.3 72.24 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2001-8 150 0.3 72.26 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2002-6 2002 200 0.3 74.06 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2002-7 for 150 0.3 72.43 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2002-8 pndimnary 0.3 72.26 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
100
tests
F2002-9 50 0.3 72.48 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%
F2002-10 0 0.3 72.48 50 Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%

- 26 -
-20
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Displacement (mm)
(a)F103-2

-20
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Displacement (mm)
(b)F104-2

4.1 r}€-

- 17 -
-30
-120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120
Displacement (mm)

ZL^ 4.2 0.1Hz<*H tflSV ojej^-Al (F102-2)

-20
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Displacement (mm)

nei 4^ n 5H7<>I] tfl*V o l s } ^ . ; (F103-2)

- 28 -
CO
O

-10

-20
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
Displacement (mm)

4.4 0.7Hz<>fl (F106-2)

-20
-50 -40 -30 -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Displacement (mm)

4.5 (F105-3)

- 29 -
-20
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Displacement (mm)

4.6 1.0Hz<H] tflsv ° l ^ < d (F105-2)

Loading rate
0.1 Hz
0.5Hz
0.8 -
-e 0.7HZ
-& 0.8HZ
£ -^ i.OHz ;
0.6 -

> 0.4 -

LJJ

0.2 -
O-

I ' I—
40 80 120 160 200
Strain (%)

4.7

- 30 -
 0.4
Loading rate
0.38
—-€> 0.1 Hz ,
0.36 S 0.5Hz I...
0.7Hz |
0.34 0.8Hz |-
1.0Hz |
0.32

0.3
1=
0.28
13

UJ
0.26

0.24

0.22

0.2
40 80 120 160 200
Strain (%)

4.8

5000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Displacement (mm)

4.9

- 31 -
 37])

2. ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ ll qg ^ £ |
ZL^ 4.10^1^-r-Bl ZL^ 4.14^ o ] ^ ^ ^ ^ 2\z\ 200Ton
^ 0, 50, 100, 150

4.15, 4.16 * 4 . 1 7 ^ AA &^\^Z\ 3.7)o]} cfl*V

^ i ^ o f l M ^ l ^ ^5}-!- £Al«l- ^o]rf.
4.15^- ^ 3 ] * } ^ aL7loil rcfsfA-] LRB^l -fi-Jl^^ol 3.7]}

3.711

200Ton

200Ton

- 32 -
 150 -

100 -

50 - 1
TS n r m s = ^ —
CO
o
-50 -
/
-100 - • - -£.-•-•.

-150 -

< • 1

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Displacement (mm)

ZL^ 4.10 OTon^ll rfl^ ° l ^ * i (F2001-1)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Displacement (mm)

4.11 (F2001-3)

- 33 -
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Displacement (mm)

4.12 100Ton°fl rfl^- o ] e j ^ * | (F2001-4)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Displacement (mm)

4.13 150Ton°fl tflSV ° l ^ * l (F2001-8)

- 34 -
 i ' i ' r
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Displacement (mm)

H^ 4.14 200Ton<>fl t f l ^ o ] ^ ^ - ^ (F2001-7)

Vertical load
7 - -O P=0Ton
-B- P=50Ton
—e- P=100Ton
6 - P=150Ton
\ \ P=200Ton
E"
P=200Ton
2 5 4 (Static)

CD
4 - \ \

•%. 3 -
"A-
--B
2 -

1-

0 --
10 20 30 40 50
Strain (%)

4.15

- 35 -
 0.7
Vertical load
—0 P=O.OTon
0.6 —E3 P=50Ton •
—© P=1OOTon
—£s P=150Ton
0.5 - —V P=200Ton
- P=200Ton
• (Static) ;
c.
0.4 -
XI
A-
.-- -£r-.
•= 0.3 -
G-: 1 G
-a 0-:

0.2 -
B"
—©•-
-o- -o
0.1 -

0 -
10 20 30 40 50
Strain (%)

4.16

Vertical load
.OTon / jr.
I—| p—q / / '
OTon
/

2 0 0 0 0 - --•
• • '

0 P-1 OOTon /
/

asr— P=150Ton V
E T-7 P—O
OOTon , • /

15000 - y
•' A
o • . / /

c
: . . A '
10000 - O
(D o
c V
LU

..••'• I D •""'"'
o

• — • ' •

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Displacement (mm)

4.17

- 36 -
 71S]

3. ^fl*> A>o]a.6fl Oj-S. S - ^

ZL^ 4.18, 4.19 ^ 4.20^

o)] 71 Si ^%^

7]}
3.2S] LRB ^ ^ ^J7

4.18^1 A ^ B ! zisi 4.207}x] 51 1 ^ 1 - sLig Bt-1^^-^- <y-

- 37 -
 Effective stiffness (kN/mm) Effective stiffness (kN/mm) Effective stiffness (kN/mm)
o o o
en oo

OS)

u O

2
—
II
* II II
r
D)
oo
O
o 3 o
H-i ^ O

120
O

• - -O
00 X en X

Loading cycle
N " ' o t N
=^

160
CD 00

3rd cycle
O
-£-
•

o
1 I

200
Q oo o
o
1
o
fli[U
OJ
00
'
1

r|iu Effective stiffness (kN/mm) Effective stiffness (kN/mm)

o o
4> in bo

M
O
w
Stra:

—h O
||
jot o ZJ

oo
X
N
2o O)

oo
o s a i5
till"
100
 Equivalent Damping (%) Equivalent Damping (%) Equivalent Damping (%)
o o o o o
is) ts) CO w
09 fs)

O
u
trai

—h
II II
-f>-
O o
'o
VD X -Si
M N

00
o
dJ|ii
SL,

Equivalent Damping (%) Equivalent Damping (%)

r|fii p o o o
K) fs) CO
w
ho 00
01

o
J2,
II
o
bo
o

00
o

o
o
 5000 2000

£
4000 - 1600 -

c c
o 3000 - o 1200 -
••4=
CD CO
D. Q.
'tr>
2000 - S 800 -
Loading cycle
1st cycle
£ 1000 -•
CD * 400 - 2nd cycle
c 3rd cycle \
ID 4th cycle
•f

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 20 40 60 80
Displacement (mm) Displacement (mm)
(a)f=0.1Hz (b)f=0.5Hz

IOUU - I 1200
Loading cycle Loading cycle
E 1st cycle
E 0 1 st cycle
<>
E 2nd cycle \ 2nd cycle
1200 - 0 3rd cycle
/r
3rd cycle
& 4th cycle 4th cycle
o
••Z3
/
CO
Q.
800 -
'co

5 400 -

LU
0-
10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50
Displacement (mm) Displacement (mm)
(c)f=0.7Hz (d)f=0.8Hz
1000
Loading cycle
1st cycle
£ 800 - 2nd cycle
3rd cycle
c 4th cycle
o 600 -
••o
TO
Q.
'co
to
400

>
0)
200 -
C
111

10 20 30 40
Displacement(mm)
(e)f=1.0Hz

4.20 7fl§>

- 40 -
 l 4.21^^-15] ZL^ 4.26£-
lOTon LRB^l ifl^- i&^i-i: J i < ^ 4 - H ^ 4.21s}- 4.22^
l Al^*> 3 - f o l ^ , H ^ 4.23^r 150%?}*], Z L ^ 4.24
l H ^ 4.254 4.26^r 1 0 0 % ^ l

200%?}*! A ] ^ ^ - ^4-oflfe
^-*1 Bearing ID. 101 ( n ^ 4.21)^1

3.7} tt)]^-o)]

] ^

I"

&t\-. ILZ\E.3.

- 41 -
Beariri : 101

4.21 Bearing ID. 10151

inirJDi.-: 102

• : ' ; j . : ; . . • _ • :::•,;_.;;;^;;.;.-:;.:.;:.:;;-.;:;.;• • .!-4i

4.22 Bearing ID. 102^

- 42 -
 03

4.23 Bearing ID. 103^

Bearing ID : 104

4.24 Bearing ID. 104S]

- 43 -
 4.25 Bearing ID. 1055]

Bearing 113 •: 106

4.26 Bearing ID. 1065]

- 44 -
 LRB

LRB ^

^ lOTon LRB
PHIj- 3 # 2 : ) oil

5.1 KR LRB^

(mm) (kgf/cm) (0) (kgf • cm)

25 14 618.3 0.31 2,337

50 28 403.7 0.29 5,702

75 42 332.2 0.25 9,067

100 56 296.4 0.21 12,431

125 70 275.0 0.19 15,796

150 84 260.7 0.17 19,160

200 112 194.5 0.17 25,890

2.
5.2«sflA^Jf El & 1^ AA 0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, l.OHz
*> lOTon LRB

- 45 -
5. 5.2 -£, LRB ^ : O.lHz)

7{%) (mm) (kgf/cm) (/?) (kgf • cm)

24.3 13.6 693.4 0.33 2,655

49.3 27.6 458.9 0.32 6,931

75.5 42.3 346.7 0.31 12,083

100.9 56.5 285.5 0.31 17,568

126.4 70.8 244.7 0.30 22,902

151.8 85.0 224.3 0.28 28,578

200.9 112.5 224.3 0.24 41,988

S. 5.3 ^ LRB : 0.5Hz)

7 (%) : (mm) (kgf/cm) (0) (kgf - cm)

24.1 13.5 673.0 0.33 2,509

48.4 27.1 520.1 0.29 6,936

74.1 . 41.5 397.7 0.28 11,859

98.0 54.9 316.1 0.26 15,908

115 64.4 285.5 0.24 17,971

- 46 -
 5.4 ^ LRB m : 0.7Hz)

7{%) (mm) (kgf/cm) (0) (kgf • cm)

9.3 5.2 907.5 0.33 524

24.8 13.9 611.8 0.32 2,314

40.0 22.4 489.5 0.29 4,547

49.5 27.7 458.9 0.27 5,904

72.5 40.6 367.1 0.27 10,028

86.1 48.2 326.3 0.25 11,738

3. 5.5 ^ . LRB : 0.8Hz)

r{%) (mm) (kgf/cm) (/?) (kgf • cm)

9.6 5.4 897.4 0.31 513

24.6 13.8 652.6 0.31 2,369

39.1 21.9 540.4 0.29 4,727

48.2 27.0 489.5 0.27 6,079

67.7 37.9 407.9 0.26 9,450

75.7 42.4 356.9 0.26 10,320

- 47 -
 5.6 ^ LRB : l.OHz)

7{%) (mm) (kgf/cm) (/?) (kgf • cm)

9.8 5.5 897.4 0.29 497

23.9 13.4 652.6 0.30 2,231

37.3 20.9 550.6 0.29 4,364

45.7 25.6 489.5 0.28 5,529

61.6 34.5 397.7 0.26 7,682

LRB
lOTon L R B ^
71-^1 0.1Hzofl

S.

^ s . 3.2*11 >M
±20%

- 48 -
3. 5.7 -fi-
xd
1(%r
25
KR

618.3 673.4
(Constantinou)
673.0
(O.lHz)
693.4

50 403.7 426.8 458.5 458.9

75 332.2 345.2 386.9 346.7

100 296.4 302.6 351.2 285.5

125 275.0 276.0 329.7 244.7

150 260.7 257.6 315.4 224.3

200 194.5 233.4 297.5 224.3

700
—e—KR
A Japan
600 - —B—U.S.A.
o • Test
4 500 \
>
in

jg 400 \

- c
-B-
> 300
+ -©—

200 -
•-- - >>
i
100
40 80 120 160 200
Strain (%)

5.1

- 49 -
S. 5.8 «

KR
(4«) (Constantinou) (O.lHz)
25 0.31 0.26 0.28 0.33

50 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.32

75 0.25 0.24 0.21 0.31

100 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.31

125 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.30

150 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.28

200 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.24

0.35

0.05
80 120 160 200
Strain (%)

5.2

- 50 -
5.8*1-
0^4. o] ^ - f o l l f e
14

bilinear

<c> lead-mbber combination

(b) rubber bearing only

5.3 o ] ^ - ^ . ^ LRB5]

- 51 -
 5.3(a)
LRB

± (5.1)

(s 3)
-

9]

(5.4))
(5.5)-(5.7)21-

GrA

(5-5)

Ku= Kr\\

aGjG
jGr
a GJGr

Qd= a, t

- 52 -
 (5.4) ~ (5.7) ofl ^ AA

0.02-0.09^

Kd=Kr, #

= 10

169.65 cm 2 , A , = 7.07 cm 2 , <ry = 84.5 kgf/cm 2 , yy=7.8%

7.258 kgf/cm 2 , Go = 1,083.0 kgf/cm 2 , d = 58.0 kgf/cm 2

^1-^: (5.4) ~ (5.7) ofl

bilinear S.^Si\ ^ 7 } ^--^r

^=219.9 kgf/cm

^ = 1 , 5 8 8 . 1 kgf/cm

Qd= 597.4 kgf

^-^^^(characteristic strength)

- 53 -
 1000

800

to
600
O.lHz
-B- 0.5Hz
400
e 0.7Hz
& 0.8Hz
e3
v l .uriz

(J
200

0
50 100 150 200
Strain (%)
5.4

F102-2O1]

bilinear (b)),
^ bilinear (c))
bilinear S c i
bilinear

Bilinear LRB^ -^ ^ q (5.8)^ (5.9)^]

- 54 -
 -20
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
Displacement (mm)

zu

10 -
.....J-rrtl.
o
-J
-10 -

-20 - 1 —<—i—•—i—•— — • — i — • — i — • —
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
Displacement (mm)

(b) bilinear E

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Displacement (mm)

(c) bilinear

5.5 LRB (F102-2)

- 55 -
 Krff = (5.8)
D

h — (5.9)
2 xKeffD2

bilinear
5.9^
^. 27%,

5.9 Bilinear LRB

25% 50% 75% 100%

693.4 458.9 346.7 285.5

(kgf/cm) Bilinear
787.9 503.9 409.2 361.9

0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31

Bilinear
0.32 0.30 0.26 0.23

- 56 -
 all-

bilinear . =LB\JL

ifl-g-i-

1.

c-1 3.711

7)°]

o]

2.
A]

- 57 -
 3.

3.
bilinear 3 . ^

^. bilinear

- Bilinear

- 58 -
1. M ^ M ^ R I I f a d l ) , ±fW^g -, 1992.

2. 0 * ^ ^ ^ 5 i ^ # , %mmfw=j^An, *-^KL, 1997.

3. P.K. Freakley and A.R. Payne, Theory and Practice of Engineenng
with Rubber, Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London, p.117, 1978.

4. 0*&«#fi£i&#, &mmffiAn, ^-Att, 1995.

5. JSSI & fe 1-21,
1997.
6. I.G. Buckle, "Factors Affecting the Performance of Lead-Rubber
Energy Dissipators" , RRU Bulletin, New Zealand National Roads
Board, 157-170, 1984.
7. F. Naeim and J.M. Kelly, Design of Seismic Isolated Structures. From
Theory to Practice, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1999.

- 59 -
 1 LRB ^ S S E W S

Bearing ID : 101
Vertical force : lOTon
Excitation Frequency : O.lHz
Data File Name : F101-16
( £ 3 : kN,mm)

7 ±25% ±50% ±75% ±100%

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

*«max 5.25 5.75 5.84 5.69 7.97 7.95 7.71 7.85 9.51 9.24 9.27 9.37 11.86 11.51 11.50 11.77

-5.00 -5.36 -5.52 -5.62 -7.17 -7.48 -7.38 -7.72 -10.38 -10.20 -9.87 -10.24 -12.62 -12.28 -12.32 -12.29

y 13.82 13.90 14.16 14.05 27.78 27.95 27.79 27.89 42.09 41.78 42.07 41.79 56.73 56.64 56.39 56.33

V -13.30 -13.07 -13.15 -12.98 -27.55 -27.73 -27.45 -27.49 -42.21 -42.24 -42.07 -42.20 -56.66 -56.60 -56.40 -56.23
- ^ nun

Qd 2.54 2.77 2.70 2.71 3.63 3.79 3.80 3.75 4.09 4.28 4.22 4.22 4.47 4.57 4.53 4.51

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Keff 0.38 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.27 0.28 o:n 0.28 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.21

Heg 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

WD 122.7 122.4 123.8 119.9 344.8 349.2 345.2 345.1 649.3 631.7 622.6 615.2 955.5 934.8 928.5 931.5

7 : Shear strain (%)

Qmax, Qmin : Maximum/ Minimum Shear Force (kN)
Xn,ax, Xmin : Max./Min. Horizontal Displacement (mm)
Qd : Characteristic Strength (kN)
Q y : Yield Force (kN)
Keff : Effective Stiffness (kN/mm) = K^
Heq : Equivalent Viscous Damping Ratio (%)
WD : Energy Dissipation per Cycle (kN-mm) = A W

- 61 -
 Bearing ID : 101
Vertical force : lOTon
Excitation Frequency : O.lHz
Data File Name : F101-16
(<C\Sf\ : kN,mm)

7 ±125% ±150% ±200%

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

©max 12.68 12.23 12.31 12.60 14.01 14.02 13.82 13.75 19.48 19.00 18.79 18.12

** min -13.61 -13.61 -13.36 -13.42 -15.79 -15.90 -15.63 -15.60 -21.65 -21.30 -20.84 -19.93

y 71.07 70.86 70.93 70.82 84.91 85.11 84.91 84.71 112.70 112.67 112.80 111.72
- ^ max

- ^ min 71.00 -70.85 -70.81 -70.58 -85.76 -85.85 -85.63 -85.22 -113.33 -113.17 -113.10 -112.50

Q< 4.80 4.92 4.88 4.85 5.08 5.21 5.24 5.22 5.67 6.04 5.88 9.96

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

K,ff 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.20

wD 1,302.0 1.281.9 1.257.6 1.274.4 1.726.8 1.703.6 1,694.8 1.693.1 2,853.0 2.764.0 2,775.5 2.708.6

- 62 -
 Bearing ID : 102
Vertical Force : lOTon
Excitation Frequency : O.lHz
Data File Name : F102-2
( ^ : kN,mm)

7 ±25% ±50% ±75% ±100%

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 i 2 3 4

7.32 8.48 9.09 8.82 12.32 11.95 12.16 12.09 14.46 13.41 13.63 13.56 15.46 14.96 15.03 14.64

4? min -8.99 -9.31 -9.44 -9.61 -13.16 -13.28 -12.68 -12.79 -15.19 -15.14 -14.78 -14.76 -16.48 -15.97 i -16.00 -15.95

-^•max 13.98 13.98 13.78 14.22 27.86 27.70 27.87 27.93 42.41 42.53 42.57 42.46 56.87 56.841 56.76 56.46
1
y -13.84 -13.98 -13.46 -13.83 -27.61 -27.47 -27.46 -27.56 -42.19 -42.19 -42.15 -42.01 56.09 -56.16: -56.08 -55.67
•^- min

Qd 4.45 5.55 5.37 5.35 6.52 6.50 6.51 6.54 7.20 7.22 7.20 7.29 7.73 7.79J 7.80 7.83

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.0(5 0.06: 0.06 0.06

0.59 0.64 0.68 0.66 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.27

0.36 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 i 0.31 0.32

wD 259.4 266.7 260.4 259.6 713.0 672.8 679.7 6701 1,217.2 1,183.5 1,184.9 1,183.3 1,742.9 1,717.1 i 1.722.8 1,700.1

7 ±125% ±150% ±200%

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Qmax 17.38 16.32 16.41 16.35 18.89 18.41 18.50 18.28 25.10 24.08 24.12; 22.89

Qnin -17.73 -17.41 -17.56 -17.46 -19.82 -19.25 -19.03 -18.77 -25.40 -24.86 -24.21 j -23.22

y 71.44 71.57 71.58 71.09 86.17 86.20 86.01 85.59 113.58 113.40 113.45 j 112.67
-"-max

- " • min -70.15 -70.07 -70.10 -69.98 -84.34 -84.28 -83.98 -83.55 -112.03 -111.93 -111.60! -110.87

Qd 7.99 8.08 8.08 8.09 8.28 8.33 8.29 8.28 8.49 8.60 8.55] 7.12

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.0(5 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Keff 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22' 0.21

Heg 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.24 0.24 0.24; 0.25

wD 2.314.8 2,273.7 2.245.9 2.235.8 2.897.8 2.830.3 2,802.5 2,771.2 4,317.3 4,166.5 4,117.6i 4.022.1

- 63 -
 Bearing ID : 103
Vertical Force : lOTon
Excitation Frequency : 0.5Hz
Data File Name : F103-2
(#•$ : kN,mm)

7 ±25%(24%) ±50%(48%) ;i ±75%(73%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Wmax 5.97 7.84 8.25 8.47 12.97 13.64 13.87 13.44 15.94 15.83 15.24 14.80

** min -9.16 -9.04 -9.57 -9.52 -14.74 -14.52 -13.95 -13.72 -17.78 -17.00 -16.69 -16.08

-y 13.12 13.28 13.36 13.17 26.99 26.86 26.67 26.83 40.43 40.50 40.66 40.50
-**• m a x

y -13.45 -13.56 -13.55 -13.46 -27.50 -27.77 -27.54 -27.53 -42.14 -42.36 -42.38 -42.29
- ^ min

3.13 5.14 5.25 5.37 6.41 6.68 6.46 6.41 6.72 7.00 6.73 6.75

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.0(5 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Keff 0.57 0.63 0.66 0.68 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.37

0.34 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28

WD 214.7 242.6 246.0 240.8 719.4 704.1 680.2 667.8 1.214.4 1,196.6 1.163.0 1,132.9

r ±100%(98%) ±125%(121%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

** max 17.79 16.97 16.44 16.43 18.86 17.76 17.61 17.38

**min -18.93 -18.08 -17.82 -17.63 -19.63 -18.90 -18.55 -18.38

y 54.71 54.59 54.64 55.02 67.70 65.66 65.28 65.49

-™* max

y -55.24 -55.11 -55.24 -55.63 -64.02 -63.70 -63.55 -63.57

-^- min

Qd 6.80 6.90 6.83 6.90 6.70 6.156 6.38 5.74

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Kg// 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.28

Hm 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 ! 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

wD 1.641.8 1.582.0 1.560.0 1,545.5 1.902.1 1,814.8 1.762.4 1.725.7

- 64 -
 Bearing ID : 104
Vertical Force : lOTon
Excitation Frequency : 0.5Hz
Data File Name : F104-2
;-r| : kN,mm)

7 ±25%(24%) ±50% (49%) ±75%(74%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Qmax 7.22 8.63 8.32 8.47 12.32 12.74 13.29 12.91 16.72 15.64 15.34 15.08

^< min -8.58 -8.90 -8.84 -9.42 -14.50 -14.66 -15.11 -14.51 -18.10 -16.54 -16.45 -16.74

V 13.17 13.19 13.10 13.22 27.33 27.34 27.49 27.50 41.27 41.43 41.23 41.52
•**• m a x

V min
-"- -13.67 -13.77 -13.62 -13.72 -26.99 -27.18 -27.20 -27.21 -41.29 -41.42 -41.42 -41.66

4.28 5.17 5.18 5.40 6.12 6.39 6.21 6.23 6.52 6.48 6.26 6.62

0, 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

0.59 0.65 0.64 0.66 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.50 0.42 0.39 0.39 0.38

0.35 0.33 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.27

229.8 244.4 244.3 242.0 700.8 684.1 681.1 657.8 1,203.8 1,155.9 1.116.8 1,114.0

7 ±100%(100%) ± 125%(124%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Q max 17.78 16.82 16.38 16.36 19.60 18.30 18.12 17.84

*« min -18.89 -18.45 -18.35 -17.98 -20.67 -20.09 -19.57 -19.36

-y 55.72 55.54 55.53 55.83 69.18 67.71 67.60 67.79

-"• max

•"• min -55.17 -54.73 -55.00 -55.49 -65.16 -65.46 -65.23 -65.21

Qd 6.64 6.76 6.62 6.62 6.67 6.36 6.09 5.48

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Keff 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.28

0.25 0.256 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.22

WD 1.621.8 1,565.4 1.525.2 1,504.8 1.903.9 1,835.1 1,779.4 1,731.8

- 65 -
 Bearing ID : 105
Vertical Force : lOTon
Excitation Frequency : l.OHz
Data File Name : F105-2
-$\ : kN,mm)

7 ±10% ±25%(24%) ±40% (39%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Wmax 4.18 4.62 5.02 5.20 8.14 9.31 9.39 9.48 11.58 11.57 11.56 11.39

Qmin -3.94 -3.82 -4.59 -4.44 -8.22 -8.07 -7.73 -7.94 -11.17 -11.10 -10.92| -11.16

y 5.17 5.15 5.38 5.54 13.03 13.47 13.44 13.55 21.56 20.98 21.02 21.34
•**- max

•A- min -5.53 -5.23 -5.59 -5.34 -13.50 -13.73 -13.45 13.60 -20.89 -20.80 -20.77 -20.98

Qd 2.41 2.82 2.93 3.22 4.33 4.80 4.77 4.74 5.16 5.54 5.50 5.39

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.0(5 0.0(5 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.0(5 0.06 0.0(5 0.0(5

K,f, 0.76 0.81 0.88 0.89 0.62 0.64 0.(54 0.64 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.53
i

Hm 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29

WD 45.7 42.2 48.7 53.2 220.3 Z26.5 218.8 226.8 454.4 438.2 428.0 434.9

7 ±50% (47%) ±75%(72%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Qimx 12.78 12.35 12.29 12.25 15.43 13.51 13.51 13.42

Qmin -12.54 -12.27 -12.08 -12.31 -13.22 -12.97 -13.03 -12.91

y 26.3(5 25.70 25.91 26.47 40.45 36.79 36.02 36.23

•<*• max

y -24.94 -25.27 -25.35 25.81 -32.15 -33.13 -32.91 -33.01

-^- min

Qd 5.39 5.36 5.30 5.33 4.90 5.19 4.89 4.94

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Keff 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.40 0.38 0.39 0.38

Hpq 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.26

wD 573.6 549.2 542.2 538.8 833.7 783.5 753.3 731.4

- 66 -
 Bearing ID : 105
Vertical Force : lOTon
Excitation Frequency : 0.8Hz
Data File Name : F105-3
( £ 3 : kN,mm)

7 ±10% ±25%(24%) ±40%

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

4.10 4.46 4.68 5.24 8.57 9.03 9.25 9.12 11.95 12.18 11.87 12.10

-4.12 -4.19 -4.86 -4.99 -8.30 -8.21 -8.31 -8.54 -11.80 -11.25 -11.26 -11.76

y 5.34 5.11 5.13 5.31 13.58 13.42 13.68 13.62 22.10 21.98 22.07 22.28
•**- max

Y" -5.80 -5.55 -5.69 -5.84 -13.92 -13.94 -13.83 -14.12 -21.76 -21.82 -21.74 -22.05
-**• min

Qd 1.68 3.11 3.15 3.51 4.59 4.78 4.76 4.81 5.37 5.68 5.62 5.79

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

K-eff 0.74 0.81 0.88 0.5)2 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.54 0.54 0.53 0.54

0.36 0.34 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.27

WD 52.2 49.4 50.3 56.2 232.5 224.2 232.3 229.4 466.7 469.7 463.6 445.2

r ±50%(49%) ±75%(72%) ±100%(88%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

** max 12.57 13.16 12.98 13.16 17.33 15.14 14.98 14.70 18.01 15.66 14.60 14.61

*Kmin -13.11 -13.20 -12.83 -12.83 -16.76 -15.76 -15.18 -14.92 -16.02 -15.13 -14.76 -14.97

Y 27.40 27.41 27.32 27.59 40.47 38.70 38.43 38.74 49.25 44.29 44.03 43.97
- ^ max

Y -26.42 -26.61 -26.72 -26.87 -36.89 -37.18 -37.35 -37.56 -40.84 -41.02 -40.84 -40.90
•"• min

Qd 5.90 5.59 5.53 5.92 6.01 5.68 5.56 5.57 5.56 5.54 5.20 4.30

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

K,ff 0.48 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.44 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.35

0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.25

wD 612.5 603.4 596.1 581.8 1.010.4 943.7 926.7 915.3 1,167.9 1,037.6 1,012.0 976.1

- 67 -
 Bearing ID : 106
Vertical Force : lOTon
Excitation Frequency : 0.7Hz
Data File Name : F106-2
«c 1% : kN,mm)

7 ±10% ±25% ±40%

Cycle 1 '• 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Qmax 3.58: 4.39 4.46 4.35 7.61 8.25 8.39 8.16 10.62 11.04 10.65 10.31

Wmin -4.28; -4.32 -4.88 -4.84 -7.85 -8.48 -8.14 -8.62 -12.19 -11.73 -11.01 -11.54

- ^ max 5.141 5.39 5.38 5.23 14.10 14.13 14.12 14.07 22.39 22.43 22.44 22.25

y -5.22; -5.04 -5.09 -5.37 -13.80 -13.81 -13.63 -13.90 -22.25 -22.33 -22.39 -22.44
•**• m i n

Qd 1.75 2.97 2.98 3.09 4.21 4.69 4.72 4.80 5.48 5.60 5.39 5.35

Qy 0.06: 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

K« 0.76: 0.84 0.89 0.86 0.55 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.51 0.51 0.48 0.49

0.37 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29

wD 47.2 45.0 51.4 49.7 223.1 231.0 226.9 229.3 476.2 465.1 445.9 444.2

7 ±50% ±75%(74%) ±100%(96%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

*«max 12.32 11.46 12.11 11.93 14.87 13.71 13.51 13.90 17.59 15.14 14.37| 14.23

*v min -13.15 -12.50 -12.65 -13.10 -15.88 -15.52 -15.42 -15.44 -16.69 -16.64 -16.32: -15.92

y 27.95 27.72 27.1*4 27.96 41.44 40.75 40.91 41.52 53.73 49.63 49.44: 49.40
-^- max

y -27.52: -27.41 -27.62 -27.64 -39.68 -39.84 -40.22 -40.86 -46.92 -46.81 -46.90; -46.88
- ^ min

Qd 5.45 5.29 5.19 5.29 5.26 5.37 5.66 5.91 5.92 5.48 4.76J 5.28

Qy 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 i 0.06

Keff 0.-16 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31

H-eq 0.27 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.25; 0.24

wD 606.8 592.0 579.0 580.4 1,014.9 979.7 983.4 972.7 1,298.5 1,190.5 1,151.1 1.110.0

- 68 -
 Bearing ID : 2001
Vertical Force : OTon
Excitation Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2001-1
(£^:kN,mm)

7 ±10%(9%) ±20%(18%) ±30%(27%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

«tfmax 12.96 15.85 15.16 16.66 41.80 41.82 39.28 39.91 62.85 62.42 61.66 58.82

** min -36.70 -32.97 -29.63 -29.97 -64.60 -62.74 -59.34 -57.56 -83.79 -82.39 -80.13 -78.45

y 12.12 12.40 26.30 24.82 25.63 38.40 37.88 38.08 37.29

•"• max
12.10 12.84 25.35

•X- min -14.87 -14.28 -13.85 -14.09 -28.91 -29.21 -28.29 -27.81 -42.24 -42.51 -42.00 -41.83

Qj 7.90 6.99 6.79 7.00 10.52 10.85 9.85 9.98 12.59 13.47 13.18 12.81

Qy 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Keff 1.84 1.83 1.73 1.73 1.93 1.92 1.86 1.82 1.82 1.80 1.77 1.74

0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13

wD 289.6 277.6 258.4 271.5 1.391.9 1,289.1 1.137.8 1,114.1 2,589.6 2,499.3 2,357.7 2.253.7

7 ±40%(37%) ±50%(46%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

*«mMx 82.55 79.481 76.35 73.92 96.67 92.95 90.70 86.95

Qmin -101.25 -98.01J -92.56 -92.72: -115.71 -110.22 -106.77 -106.59

y 52.21 51.471 50.80 50.70 64.83 65.22 65.12 63.90

-^- max
i
Y -56.29 -56.89J -54.88 -55.30 -69.31 -69.00 -68.63 -69.05
- ^ min

Qd 14.75 17.04J 15.40 15.07 17.20 18.27 17.27 16.43

Qy 0.68 0.68) 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

i

Keff 1.69 1.641 1.60 1.57 1.58 1.51 1.48 1.46

0.14 0.14| 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13

WD 4.324.6 4.091.4 3.684.9 3.580.3 5,759.8 5,589.9 5,353.5 5,150.5

- 69 -
 Bearing ID : 2001
Vertical Force : 50Ton
Excitation Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2001-3
(t^:kN,mm)

7 ±10% ±20% ±30%(29%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Wrrmx 53.95 55.18 53.25 54.00 73.390 77.16 77.96 77.71 100.49 102.17 102.93 102.80
i
Wmin -45.15 -45.20 -45.57 -44.90 -74.89 -76.27 -73.79 -75.00 -102.81 -103.78 -103.23 -102.29

y 41.95 41.19
-<*• m a x 12.90 13.56 13.31 13.58 27.45 27.54 27.92 28.00 41.59 41.40

y -13.82 -13.07 -13.31 -13.04 -27.28 -27.66 -26.85 -27.27 -41.47 -41.47 -41.62 -41.32

Qd 17.07 14.58 13.07 12.71 22.33 25.92 24.63 23.87 31.55 37.59 36.57 36.29

Q> 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

KPff 3.71 3.77 3.71 3.72 2.71 2.78 2.77 2.76 2.44 2.49 2.48 2.48

Hpq 0.22 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.20

wD 893.6 815.4 738.6 714.1 2.677.6 2.837.0 2.673.2 2,637.6 5,443.1 5.610.3 5.553.1 5.397.5

7 ±40%(38%) ±50%(49%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

** max 120.97 122.67 120.56 120.75 138.49 138.22 137.89 135.26

MC min -125.57 -126.37 -125.36 -123.52 -148.77 -144.47 -146.15 -146.03

v 54.48 54.68 54.02 54.19 69.14 68.90 69.05 68.38

-**- max

y -56.28 -56.39 -56.14 -55.50 -69.03 -69.50 -69.65 -69.26

•**• min

Qd 43.23 46.91 45.44 45.13 51.83 52.29 53.25 51.96

Q, 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Ke/f 2.23 2.24 2.23 2.23 2.08 2.04 2.05 2.04

Hai 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20

WD 8.798.2 8.934.9 8.732.0 8,563.0 12.835.6 12,807 1 12.641.1 12.355.7

- 70 -
 Bearing ID : 2001
Vertical Force : lOOTon
Excitation Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2001-4
(#-sH:kN,mm)

7 ±10% ±20%(19%) ±30%(29%)

Cycle 1 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

"« max 75.35 75.74 76.22 79.20 89.34 90.72 93.69 93.13 122.45 120.19 120.39 121.13

M; min -60.74 -62.00 -62.83 -62.83 -87.86 -86.03 -87.62 -86.97 -114.91 -115.80 -113.37 -114.94

-^max 13.34 13.12 12.87 13.56 27.26 26.44 27.00 26.74 41.14 40.37 40.37 40.77

y -13.49 -13.71 -13.61 -13.48 -28.26 -27.52 -27.68 -27.21 -41.68 -42.29 -41.57 -41.77
- " • min

35.89 32.42 30.75 30.69 48.49 46.57 45.10 44.74 56.02 58.19 57.57 56.72

0, 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

-KW 5.07 5.13 5.25 5.25 3.19 3.28 3.32 3.34 2.87 2.86 2.85 2.86

Hm 0.30 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27

WD 1.705.2 1,584.3 1.528.9 1.560.4 4.623.6 4,432.7 4,409.1 4,296.8 8,344.6 8,311.7 8.155.7 8.139.3

7 ±40%(39%) ±50%(49%)

Cycle 1 2 o 1 4
4 2 3

©max 144.49 138.24 136.90 135.90 155.17 150.99 148.19 145.96

-136.86 -135.43 -132.57 -130.34 -147.25 -140.90 -137.79 -137.16

-"• max 55.15 54.52 54.31 54.79 70.33 70.20 70.13 70.37

y -56.25 -56.33 -55.82 -55.56 69.83 -69.61 -69.19 -69.50

-"• min

65.12 65.01 63.73 63.03 67.86 66.52 65.35 64.69

Qy 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Keff 2.53 2.47 2.45 2.41 2.16 2.09 2.05 2.02

0.26 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27

wD 12.876.5 12.602.4 12.316.5 12.225.7 17.627.1 17,249.0 16,950.7 16,739.7

- 71 -
 Bearing ID : 2001
Vertical Force : 200Ton
Excitation Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2001-7
(cV^:kN/mm)

7 ±10% ±20%(19%) ±30% (29%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

*« max 95.01 103.62 105.40 107.65 128.93 134.83 138.26 138.70 157.12 147.11 141.27 138.37

** min -53.65 -57.42 -60.03 -61.84 -93.40 -100.23 -100.52 -102.02 -124.76 -108.41 -104.81 -108.69

V"
-<*• m a x 13.56 13.57 13.50 13.89 27.44 27.50 27.37 27.37 41.60 40.82 40.60 40.84

y -12.67 -12.48 -12.56 -12.78 -25.87 -26.74 -26.48 -26.61 -41.01 -40.39 -40.52 -41.01
- " • min

Qd 64.51 66.31 66.39 66.31 75.28 80.78 81.12 80.78 86.95 87.88 86.42 85.64

Q, 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

KPff 5.67 6.18 6.35 6.36 4.17 4.34 4.43 4.46 3.41 3.15 3.03 3.02

0.47 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.41 0.42 0.41

wD 2.862.3 3,088.6 3.0(58.9 3.107.3 7.779.4 7,953.2 7,890.5 7,828.7 13,664.5 13.284.6 13,051.9 13,042.5

7 ±40%(39%) ±50%

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

147.44 145.56 144.15 140.01 168.37 156.78 152.24 147.43

** min -133.09 -116.57 -117.27 -115.37 -141.39 -130.24 -126.38 -126.73

y 55.09 55.03 55.18 54.52 70.52 70.78 70.31 70.01

•S*~ m a x

y -55.03 -54.61 -55.09 -54.56 -68.67 -68.86 -68.43 -68.89

-^~ min

Qd 88.90 88.85 87.83 87.29 89.60 88.96 87.59 86.58

Qs 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Keff 2.55 2.39 2.37 2.34 2.23 2.06 2.01 1.97

H-eq 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.39

wD 19.001.4 18.576.6 18.421.1 18.005.9 24.553.4 23,983.5 23,502.1 23,167.0

- 72 -
 Bearing ID : 2001
Vertical Force : 150Ton
Excitation Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2001-8
(t^:kN,mm)

7 ±10%(9%) ±20%(19%) ±30% (28%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

** max 98.13 110.81 114.47 116.03 127.64 128.15 127.24 126.91 144.11 140.75 141.88 141.20

** min -59.32 -62.21 -6751 -66.73 -99.95 -103.ES -110.11 -113.89 -164.90 -1(54.52 -162.46 -170.40

-^max 12.33 12.35 12.54 12.58 26.35 26.18 26.16 26.67 40.24 40.25 40.34 40.32

- " • min -13.09 -12.86 -13.13 -12.59 -27.21 -26.87 -27.07 -27.06 -41.06 -41.08 -40.75 -41.33

Qd 55.08 53.60 53.15 53.08 64.64 66.67 65.79 65.93 73.23 74.59 73.94 73.28

Q, 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.S8 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.63

Keff 6.19 6.87 7.09 7.26 4.25 4.38 4.46 4.48 3.80 3.75 3.75 3.82

0.38 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28

wD 2.364.7 2,455.7 2.469.0 2,415.1 6,536.5 6,442.8 6,411.1 6,442.0 11,420.3 11,246.5 11,064.2 11.030.4

7 ±40%(38%) ±50%(49%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

*« max 170.(50 149.61 151.09 147.40 172.53 163.09 162.91 161.84

Qmin -195.61 -160.69 -15(5.75 -154.86 -190.33 -175.50 -176.91 -171.88

y 54.54 54.32 54.75 54.44 68.98 69.45 6953 69.45
•<* m a x

y -55.62 -55.52 -55.22 -55.11 -69.33 -69.22 69.18 -68.81

Qd 77.19 77.59 76.26 75.31 78.01 81.14 77.73 79.85

Qy 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Kef? 3.33 2.83 2.80 2.76 2.62 2.44 2.45 2.41

0.28 0.32 0.311 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.30 0.30

1
wD 17.775.0 17.060.7 16.638.2 16.285.4 23,039.3 22.728.0 22,050.8 21.722.4

- 73 -
 Bearing ID : 2002
Vertical Force : 200Ton
Excitation Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2002-6
Ca^:kN,mm)
7 = 10% (9%) ±20%(18%) ±30% (29%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

'K max 57.39 71.67 73.29 75.89 101.65 97.022 97.38 99.52 115.67 107.85 104.85 102.65

** min -71.09 -71.5(5 -72.81 -73.77 -104.87 -102.06 -103.19 -103.81 -140.02 -128.57 -125.56 -123.45

11.90 12.22 12.10 12.44 25.99 25.89 25.89 25.82 40.75 40.58 40.62 40.43

y -12.25 -12.10 -12.04 -12.09 -26.61 -25.94 -26.01 -25.78 -41.01 -40.71 -40.57 -40.50
- ^ min

51.53 51.05 51.29 51.43 80.47 85.22 84.59 84.12 92.16 91.94 87.69 87.68

Q.v 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Keff 5.32 5.89 6.05 6.10 3.93 3.84 3.86 3.94 a 13 2.91 2.84 2.79

H«t 0.41 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.41 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.39 0.41 0.42 0.42

WD 1,986.4 2.138.8 2,130.9 2.183.4 7,068.9 6.957.3 6,902.6 6,861.7 12,739.2 12,377.8 12,178.2 12,145.2

7 = 409-0 (39%) ±50%(49%)

Cycle 1 9 3 ! 4 1 2 3 4
1

0mHx 139.40 121.99 118.81! 115.67 140.78 130.01 126.57 123.15

i

^miii -158.86 -142.8(5 -139.58; -136.03 -162.04 -145.17 -140.18 -136.5(5

V 55.16 55.08 55.42 55.27 69.92 70.50 70.43 70.28

-"• max

-54.74 -54.62 -54.89: -54.39 -(58.94 -69.07 -68.96 -68.49

83.35 84.30 82.78 ! 82.02 84.00 84.26 83.42 82.82

i
Qy 0.158 0.(58 0.68' 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.(58

Keff 2.71 2.41 2.34 2.30 2.18 1.97 1.91 1.87

0.36 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.39

wD 18.430.3 17.729.5 17.455.4: 17.108.9 23.612.7 23.056.9 22,702.8 22,316.8

- 74 -
 Bearing ID : 2002
Vertical Force : 150Ton
Excitation Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2002-7
(£3:kN,mm)

7 ± 10%(8%) ±20%(18%) ±30%(28%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

«*max 68.97 68.63 71.83 70.22 98.35 96.06 97.31 96.74 118.69 113.06 110.25 107.48

<« min -58.77 -61.17 -61.37 -62.64 -100.65 -94.88 -97.83 -99.70 -124.04 -119.20 -119.73 -121.84

y 11.74 11.37 12.09 12.08 25.20 25.83 26.17 25.89 40.01 39.75 40.17 40.49
-"• max

Y -12.89 -12.89 -12.70 -12.84 -27.10 -26.22 -26.65 -27.15 -42.13 -40.89 -40.62 -41.49
-"• min

Qd 40.10 39.68 39.26 38.67 60.76 68.04 67.24 60.67 69.01 72.10 76.87 71.18

Qy 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

K-eff 5.19 5.35 5.37 5.33 3.81 3.67 3.69 3.70 2.96 2.88 2.85 2.80

0.36 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.34

WD 1.795.1 1.760.3 1.789.6 1.786.9 5,831.4 5,732.6 5,758.2 5,525.0 10,447.2 10.110.3 10.166.7 10.055.1

7 ±40%(39%) i
±50% (49%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

121.67 119.26 116.11 115.01 137.57 132.60 128.88 127.60

i
.
^min -145.61 -134.72 -132.53 -129.91 -178.82 -164.21 -160.90 -156.41

y 55.02 55.57 54.93 55.02 ! 70.30 70.06 69.73 70.23

-"- max

y -55.73 -55.50 -55.(3 -55.24 1 -69.50 -69.54 -69.52 -69.11

-<*- min

Qd 76.02 75.18 73.33 72.68 i 76.61 76.85 76.24 74.90

Q, 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 ! 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Keff 2.41 2.29 2.25 2.22 2.26 2.13 2.08 2.04

Hen 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.35 ! 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32

WD 15.464.3 15.307.0 15.006.9 14.736.0 j 20.764.4 20,281.0 19,962.6 19,550.9

- 75 -
 Bearing ID : 2002
Vertical Force : lOOTon
Excitarion Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2002-8
(£:^:kN,mm)

7 ±10%(9%) ±20%(18%) ±30%(29%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

52.89 57.25 57.60 58.27 78.46 82.01 83.48 83.46 102.49 101.50 99.85 98.73

*K min -52.41 -53.95 -52.47 -54.64 -86.99 -88.60 -90.76 -90.35 -111.51 -115.13 -112.33 -113.42

y 11.75 11.87 12.11 12.58 26.06 25.73 25.98 25.98 40.37 39.83 40.75 . 40.62
-"• max

y -13.00 -12.93 -12.18 -12.65 -26.96 -26.18 -26.71 -26.74 -41.32 -41.77 -40.94 -41.23
-^- min

Q* 31.30 27.67 26.62 26.32 38.52 43.65 41.78 41.15 52.12 52.67 52.15 52.12

Qy 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Keff 4.26 4.49 4.53 4.48 3.12 3.29 3.31 3.30 2.62 2.66 2.60 2.59

0.33 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.28

wD 1.357.2 1.316.0 1.254.9 1,287.1 4,170.0 4,082.5 4,096.9 4,045.4 7,879.5 7,846.6 7.691.4 7,640.2

7 ±40% (39%) ±50%

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

^max 115.38 114.69 114.15 113.64 133.95 129.97 128.40 126.93

^min -133.27 -128.20 -127.01 -125.79 -165.04 -162.52 -159.38 -154.91

y 55.27 55.37 55.32 55.41 70.75 70.38 70.47 70.17

•<*• m a x

y -55.54 -55.12 -54.90 -54.73 -69.35 -69.35 -69.34 -69.15

-"• min

Qa 60.02 60.73 59.81 60.02 66.41 66.04 63.14 62.83

Qy 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Keff 2.24 2.20 2.19 2.17 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.02

0.28 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26

wD 12.126.8 11.989.2 11.847.5 11,754.2 16.765.3 16.531.9 16.220.4 16.006.0

- 76 -
 Bearing ID : 2002
Vertical Force : 50Ton
Excitation Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2002-9

7 ±10%(8%) ±20% (18%) ±30%(28%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

** max 39.98 39.19 39.55 38.35 62.59 67.25 67.67 67.42 85.12 86.89: 87.19 86.59

Omin -40.51 -43.04 -42.92 -42.22 -75.10 -76.10 -77.04 -76.81 -98.54 -98.80, -97.73 -96.55

y 10.93 11.14 11.43 11.18 24.98 25.55 25.53 25.50 40.10 40.151 39.98 40.09
-"• max

• ^ min -13.09 -13.5(5 -13.56 -13.27 -27.14 -26.86 -27.41 27.35 -42.19 -41.88. -41.91 -41.50

Q< 16.94 14.99 14.51 14.28 31.14 26.19 25.18 24.21 33.62 35.51; 33.09 31.51

Qy 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.(58 0.(18 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68' 0.(58 0.68

K,ff 3.35 3.33 3.30 3.30 2.64 2.74 2.73 2.73 2.23 2.26 j 2.26 2.25

0.26 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22

wD 801.5 763.6 760.8 724.7 2,765.9 2,694.8 2.638.9 2,5(53.7 5.372.4 5.366.6! 5.209.3 5.128.2

7 ±40%(39%) ±50%(49%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

<*max 103.89 106.91: 103.53 103.92 1Z2.52 119.79 117.62 115.99

Qmin -123.67 -121.01; -119.98 -117.48 -153.34 -150.66 -146.72 -145.96

-^max 54.92 54.99; 53.62 54.18 69.82 69.36 69.19 68.%

Y
•**• m m -55.95 -56.11 -56.00 -55.55 -69.95 -70.53 -69.68 -69.85

Qd 39.54 42.43 39.15 38.62 52.43 51.19 45.10 43.99

Qy 0.68 0.68: 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Keff 2.05 2.05 : 2.04 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.90 1.89

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20

wD 8.711.9 8,692.3 8.274.7 8.134.4 12.424.0 12,195.4 11.684.1 11.364.8

- 77 -
 Bearing ID : 2002
Vertical Force : OTon
Excitation Frequency : 0.3Hz
Data File Name : F2002-10

7 ±109/' lC\O/\
±20%(17%) ±30% (27%)

Cycle 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Qmax 17.65 16.82 17.30 16.60 34.01 33.09 32.60 32.14 52.29 50.74 50.48 50.74

** min -28.10 -28.52 -27.78 -28.37 -50.46 -50.48 -48.% -50.03 -71.87 -71.82 -70.91 -69.95

y 11.77 11.99 12.23 11.86 23.87 23.35 23.35 23.44 37.85 37.25 37.31 37.82
- ^ max

-12.84 -13.25 -12.50 -12.43 -26.72 -26.76 -26.36 -26.80 -41.41 -41.137 -41.02 -40.11

0^ 7.44 7.62 7.77 7.91 8.93 9.94 9.99 9.67 12.51 12.97 12.80 12.73

0, 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Kt,f 1.86 1.80 1.82 1.85 1.67 1.67 1.64 1.64 1.57 1.56 1.55 1.55

0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14

wD 310.7 305.6 292.1 283.7 1.062.4 988.5 962.8 951.1 2,326.7 2.245.8 2,179.3 2.128.8

7 ±40%(37%) ±50% (47%)

Cycle 1 2 3 ! 4 1 2 3 4

©max 71.45 70.94 69.38! 70.70 91.87 90.28 !X).O3 89.43

^min -94.43 : -93 59 -92.il! -91.93 -118.19 -117.56 -115.69 -114.97

y 52.31 51.64 51.45 52.33 66.82 66.33 66.59 C56.67

-^- max

y -55.11 -55.45 -54.54 -54.67 -68.52 -68.32 -68.36 -68.03

•**- min

Qd 15.17 15.79 15.611 15.32 17.43 18.28 17.38 16.60

Qy 0.68 0.68 0.68! 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Keff 1.54 1.54 1.52; 1.52 1.55 1.54 1.53 1.52

Hpg 0.14 0.14 0.14: 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13

wD 4.024.9. 3.983.7 3.847.4; 3.813.9 6,131.3 6.036.4 5,842.3 5.699.6

- 78 -
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO), California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS),
Japanese Public Works Research Institute (JPWRI), New Zealand
Ministry of Works and Development (NZMWD) ^§-3]

1
^2.cd(equivalent linear models) A

1. LRB5} 71^12} ^ - ^
ZL^ 12]- ;g>8r bi-linear LRB^

nU£.6fl
7\

Force

-D /-
^_^-J Displacement

1. bilinear

- 79 -
 Q

LRBS]

-= (2)

T = 2K
(3)

4Q(Z)-/).V)
l j

= Fy /KL Fy =Q + K2Dy$]

TC(K2D+ Q)D

- 80 -
 2Q(D-Q/9K2)
TC(K2D+ Q)D
(6)

2. AASHTO A
AASHTO^
bilinear

Force

Displacement

2. LRB£] bilinear

-B-JL7J-^(effective stiffness)^ equivalent damping

m •*• in

(7)

- 81 -
 area of hysteresis loop of an isolation unit
2 K Ke/f di

•K K
eff

ductility
hardening 1/6.5
0.

. ^=0.155}

0.15(^-1)]
^

(inherent viscous damping ratio) £ofe ^7}-5.

3. CALTRANS «
CALTRANS
](effective period shift)

=1+ (10)
o
(11)

(ion

- 82 -
 IT

Ke//=
{l + l n [ l +

4. JPWRI

CBUB (15)

(13)2)-
{7)o\}*\ ^o]^ AASHTO^

0.15(0.7^-1)
K

- 83 -
 zuBe{Q(1+uBeK2)

UBe= cBdi

0.7^ (18)
0.15(0.7^)1

5. NZMWD
NZMWD ^
^15. 1-^^>JL AASHTO

- 84 -
^m 3 LRB

1. KRB) ^3]«
9X1=

Atr

Eap Eb

=E0(l+2xSJ)
Eo:
x:

Tr:

X (#£-3 #*H) = ^ A (4)

- 85 -
 K - (5)
Ky - *- r

G: H

Ke = Ky + •&.

D:

(7)

(9)

- 86 -
2.

K _
l ;
4k E0(l+2xS'i)

2.036 ( r < 0.1)

1.106 (0.1 ^ r < 0.5) (13)

(0.5 ^ r )

(14)

- 87 -
Kd= 0.744 (7 < 0.5)
(15)
Kd= 0.921 (7 ^ 0.5)

G :

(16)

- 88 -
3.
M.C Constantinou 3.^7} Seismic Isolation of Bridges(1994) <*\) *\

(Q)

Q = ayL • Ap (17)

<ryL:

Afi:

(18)

= 1.1-1.6)
G:
A,,
T:

(19)

- 89 -
Wd= A-Q (21)

(22)

- 90 -
 fcd
4 LRB

l.
iz]-^r steel
box, # ^ concrete
blocks

o ooooo
4.55m 2.2m

20 21 22 23 24 25 26
& _

©
47, \

17' \ /t. 29
P) \

2"

15

l. 0.925 0.925 . 1(13:

2 tfl #37*8=3

- 91 -
SAP 20005} Frame_S_ih3-, LRB^ Nllink.S.4: ir isolatorl^S.
load cells*!- basefe-

1 34, 36«i
161.57 t/m 3 , 33, 3 7 ^ 82.65 t / m 3 A ^
A ^ , El Centro^l

2. oj

El Centro Mexico

»^(c^) /*( ™A) E( kN/m2)

170.44 3.96e-4 1.36e-4 1.999e8 7.83 0.3

62.08 4.61e-5 1.60e-5 1.999e8 7.83 0.3

B. A 61.4 3.78e-5 3.78e-5 1.999e8 7.83 0.3

channel 78.11 1.54e-4 6.42e-6 1.999e8 7.83 0.3

angle 9.76 3.83e-7 3.83e-7 1.999e8 7.83 0.3

S. 2

(kN/m) (kN/m) 1 (kN/m)

El Centro 640 2703 285 4.27

Mexico 660 3457 267 5.46

- 92 -
 ^ 354- ^ 4 ^ sfl El Centra^
Mexico*] 3JS] table motion-t-

3.
^ L RB ^-

LRB ^t^r 7.258

LRB JL^-3] ^r 9.0 kg/cm 2 o]°-

LRB ^-

0.4

¥ °-2
-0.2

-0.4
0 10 15 20 25
Time (sec)
3 El Centro *]

0.2

10 20 30 40
Time (sec)
4 Mexico

- 93 -
 - El Centro *1
7ii3|6fMs] 7}

Mexico
71-

o)

LRB

.i-Ul-i- { • • - - )
P^J+jl^

%
•fl -10
-5 -W- •{••! (•

10 15 20 25
Time (sec)
(a)

10

'-,
1 }l!!!ll|'|l,i
•.'Hi'!
l •
r
',M l 1
i|iV i ..:'I'i'iJ.;'!^;,.!, .
1.

1 l|!|ljlil|ill.'l!p|i,1'i-li.ilil ':|i''''l!'!'(!/ ••ijlll;|'--i.f(|/l|j|i!

W'lViV-;---
iWll'i"'"
'!!is
] :
-T5 O -

; ;
-10
10 15 20 25
Time (sec)
(b)

5 El Centro

- 94 -
 Acceleration (g) Acceleration (g) Displacement (mm) Displacement (mm)
u o o 9 9 op 9 9
£> k) O K) t
O is) t 1
p
m
n --
- f e HL=hl

r-t-
>!
—=
—--J

^>

jjiu H
nib 3 J((U 3 Wb |
ft
o O
...

o ri
o|o

o[o
 j
1
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t o|o

. . .
:=:.__
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(tutu)
(tutu)
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-0.30 0 10 20 30 40
Time (sec)
(a)
0. 3 0
3
s 0. 15
erati

0.00

-0. 15

-0.30
10 20 30
Time (sec)
(b)
10 Mexico tfl^

- 97 -
 7^517}]^
(A)
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- 99 -
 ^€^7l«^l
5
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(i)

^ f l ^ l ^ A j - ^_£L^ E S .ofl ^ A ^ ^
1000^ 1.4

ifl*!IIW3L 500^ 1.0

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3.

11 30m S.%o1 ^ft ^ 1 ^

(S)
"(m/s) (kPa)
I 700o]^ - - 1.0

II 360-760 50^311- 1.2

1 1
III ~ ~1l", 180-360 15-50 50-100 1.5

IV 180*1 n> 15Plt> 50Plt> 2.0

V ^^^J7}7> £

- 100 -
4.

0.8
0.8
3
2. 2

1.0
^3 (Cap Beam) a^

1.0

1. ^ 3 ] ^ 5
2. *> 7H 3

- 101 -
 INIS

KAERVTR-1833/2001

LRB

(TR,

2001

lOlp. 9XM O ), a 7] 21 X 29.7cm

O
otr

LRBs) bilinear J l ^ - t -
3-iHe) A]^

bilinear . o]

M&, LRB, o]
Bilinear JE.ri
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SHEET
Performing Org. Sponsoring Org.
Standard Report No. INIS Subject Code
Report No. Report No.
KAERVTR-1833/2001

Title / Subtitle Determination of Design Parameters of Lead-Rubber Bearings

by Characterization Tests
Project Manager
and Department Young-Sun Choun (Integrated Safety Assessment Team)
(or Main Author)
Researcher and
In-Kil Choi (Integrated Safety Assessment Team)
Department
Moon-Sig You (KR Industrial Co., Ltd.)
Publication Publication
Taejon Publisher KAERI 2001
Place Date
Page lOlp. 111. & Tab. Yes( O ), No ( ) Size 21 X 29.7cm

Note
Open( O ), Restricted( ),
Classified Report Type Technical Report
Class Document
Sponsoring Org. Contract No.

Abstract (15-20 Lines)

This report includes characterization tests of LRB provided by KR Industrial

Co. and also includes evaluation of effective stiffness and equivalent damping
ratio of LRB. With test data, dynamic properties of LRB are reviewed and design
procedures proposed by KR, Japan, and United States are compared and revised.
Two bilinear models of LRB are proposed. One is obtained from hysteresis loop,
the other is based on mechanical property data of laminated rubber and lead
plug. Comparison of analysis results with test results for a bridge scaled-model
is performed to show the applicability of proposed bilinear models.
Based on the review and evaluation of the KR LRB design parameters and
procedures, following conclusions are drawn.
- Design parameters of LRB, effective stiffness and equivalent damping, are
significantly influenced by horizontal loading frequency and vertical load.
- Hysteretic behavior of LRB can be idealized by a bilinear model. The initial
stiffness of the model must be determined with accuracy.
- LRB design procedures proposed by the KR Industrial Co. may be applicable
to determine effective stiffness, but some modifications are needed to
determine equivalent damping.
Subject Keywords
(About 10 words)
Bridge, LRB, Hysteresis loop, Design parameter, Effective stiffness, Equivalent
damping, Dynamic property, Design procedure, Bilinear model