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ae-bmfw
Ãm≥tU¿Uv
VIII
tIc-f-k¿°m¿
hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v
Xbm-dm-°n-bXv
kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw
JT !!"-1/ MAL-#AT
2015
tZio-b-Km\w
P\KWa\ A[n\mbI Pbtl
`mcX `mKyhn[mXm,
]©m_kn‘p KpPdmØ admTm
{ZmhnU DXv°e _wKm,
hn‘ylnamNe bap\mKwKm,
D—ePe[nXcwKm,
Xhip`\mta PmtK,
Xhip` Binj amtK,
Kmtl Xh PbKmYm
P\KWawKeZmbI Pbtl
`mcX `mKyhn[mXm.
Pbtl, Pbtl, Pbtl,
Pb Pb Pb Pbtl!
{]Xn⁄
C¥y Fs‚ cmPyamWv . F√m C¥y°mcpw Fs‚ ktlmZco
ktlmZc∑mcmWv.
Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kv - t \ln°p∂p; kºq¿Whpw sshhn[y
]q¿Whpamb AXns‚ ]mcºcyØn¬ Rm≥ A`nam\wsIm≈p∂p.
Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm]nXm°sfbpw Kpcp°∑mscbpw apXn¿∂hscbpw
_lpam\n°pw.
Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPyØns‚bpw Fs‚ \m´pImcpsSbpw t£aØn\pw
sFizcyØn\pw th≠n {]bXv\n°pw.
Nn{X-cN\
• tUm. tkma≥ IS-eq¿, kvIqƒ Hm^v t^mIvtem¿ ÃUo-kv, tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-ime
• kptcjv NmenbØv, Kh.F®v.Fkv. IpdpI, ae∏pdw
• cmP≥ IS-ep-≠n, ^tdm°v, tImgn-t°mSv
• hnt\mZv ]´m-Wn-∏m-d, t]cm-{º, tImgn-t°mSv
hnZ-Kv[]
- c
- n-tim-[\
• {io. ]n. \mcmbWtat\m≥, dn´. {]^k¿, tIcfh¿a tImtfP,v Xriq¿
• tUm. F≥. apIp-µ≥, ap≥ ta-[mhn, ae-bm-f-hn-`m-Kw, tIc-f -k¿h-I-em-ime
• tUm. kn. \mcm-b-W-]n-≈, dn´. {]^-k¿, Kh. s{Sbv\n-Mv tIm-tfPv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
• tUm. hnPb≥ NmtemSv, Fkv.Fkv.F. IÆq¿
• AP-b≥ ]\-b-d, Akn. {]^-k¿, Kh. hna≥kv tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h\-¥-]pcw
• km_p tIm´p-°¬, Akn. {]^-k¿, bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h\-¥-]pcw
A°mZanIv tImUnt\‰¿
• Fw.kn. tPmkvIp-´n, dnk¿®v Hm^ok¿, Fkv.kn.C.B¿.Sn. tIcfw
D≈-S°w
1 C\n- Rm\pW¿∂n-cn°mw 7
• km{µ-kulrZw ................................................. 8
• AΩΩ .................................................................. 10
• hgn-bm{X .............................................................. 13
3 A\y-Po-h-\p-XIn kzPo-hnXw 31
• Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥ ............................................. 32
• `qan-bpsS kz]v\w .............................................. 35
• thZw ....................................................................... 40
km{µkulrZw
kmµo-]-\o-Krtl ]≠p kml-km¬ Ign-™Xpw \mw
kmZcw thZ-im-kv{X-ß-f-`y-kn-®Xpw
km{µ-ku-lr-Z-kw-_‘w \Ωn-ep-≠m-bXpw ktJ!
kmc-\mb `hm-s\m∂pw ad-∂n-√√o?
Kpcp-]-Xv\o-\n-tbm-tK\ IZm-N\ \msa-√mcpw
Hcp-an®p hnd-In-√m-™n´p t]mbXpw
s]cp-¶m-´n¬ ]p°n-‘-\-sam-Sn-®p-sI-´n-h-®Xpw
Acp-W-\-kvX-an-®Xpw ad-∂n-√√o?
Iqcn-cp-´p-am-I-kvan-I-am-sbmcp alm-a-gbpw
IqSn-h∂p sImSp-¶m‰pw IqSo-´-kvamIw
taml-tasd hf¿Ø-Xpap-j-t∏mfw XI¿ØXpw
Duln-®-SpØp \msa-√m-sam-cp-an-®Xpw
]m¿Øn-cn-bmsX ]d-∂p-t]m-an-°m‰-sØ-∂pƒ°m-ºn˛
tem¿sØmcp Xpc-∏n-\p-≈n-sem-fn-®-t\ym\yw
C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw 9
AΩΩ
CØ-hW kvIqƒ Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ Xs‚ aq∂m-asØ t]c-°p-´n-sbbpw kvIqfn¬ tN¿°m≥ B
AΩΩ h∂n-cp-∂p. hoSn-\SpØ temh¿ ss{]adn hnZym-e-b-Øn¬\n∂v \memw ¢mkv Ign-™-
t∏mƒ Ah-s\bpw tlmì kuI-cy-ap≈ kvIqfn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cpI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aqØ c≠p-
t]-scbpw CtX {]mb-Øn¬Øs∂-bmWv B kvIqfn-te°v AΩΩ sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. Ah-cn¬
aqØ-h≥ Ct∏mƒ H≥]-Xn-se-Øn. Xmsg-bp-≈-bmƒ Ggn-epw.
C\n AΩΩ Xs‚ sNdnb ho´n¬ H‰-bv°m-Wv. Ht∂m¿Øm¬ AΩΩbv°v Bizm-k-am-Wv.
F∂m¬, Nn¥-Iƒ s]cp-Ip-t¥mdpw alm-k-¶-S-ß-fpw.
\mep-h¿jw-apºp aqØ-Ip-´nsb kvIqfn¬ hnSm≥ h∂-t∏m-gmWv AΩΩsb BZyw ImWp-
∂Xv, Ic-®n¬ hSp-sI-´nb apJw a\- ns‚ `nØn-bn¬ ]Xn™pInS-∂p. sh{]m-f-s∏´ \SØw
s]mdp-Xn-sI´ P∑-Øn-t‚-Xm-sW∂pw Rm≥ Xncn-®-dn-™p. IqsS-bp≈ Ip´n°p tlmÃ-en¬ Xma-
kn-°m-s\m∂pw Xm¬∏-cy-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AΩΩbpsS kmcn-bn¬Øqßn Ah≥ NnWp-ßn-b-Xv,
C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw 11
hgn-bm{X
Nn{X-h¿W-߃
]≠sØ hgn-bm{X F{X kpJ-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn- Ah, D∏pw apfIpw t]msc-¶n¬ AXv, As√-
°Ww! C∂sØ a[y-h-b-kvIcpw sNdp-∏-°m ¶n¬ Ce, Nne-t∏m-sgms° tamcpw Nn√-d-°-dn-
cpw AXns‚ Ah-km-\-L-´-߃ am{Xta I≠n- Ifpw ˛ hmßn s]mXn-b-gn®v DuWp-I-gn-™v,
cn-°p-I-bp-≈q. Hcp \m´n≥]p-d-Øp-Im-c\p ]´- ho´p-Im-c\p-ambn Xs‚ \m´nse hnti-j-߃
W- Ø n¬ H∂p t]mI- W w. ]Øp- \ m¬∏Xp ]d™v Dd-ßp-∂p. shfp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv Fgp-
\mgnI hgn-bp-≠v. Hcp tIkp-Im-cy-Ønt\m at‰m t∂‰p bm{X-Xp-S-cp-∂p. s]mXn-t®m-dns‚ ]cn-
BWp t]mtI- ≠ - X v . h≠n- b n- √ , h≈--a n- √ . [n°pw Atß-∏p-d-amWv D±n-jvS-ÿew F¶n¬
Im¬\S-Xs∂ Ahew-_w. CS-bvs°ßpw Nmb- Acnbpw kmam-\-ßfpw sIm≠p-t]m-hpI F∂
°-S-Ifpw im∏mSp tlm´-ep-Ifpw h∂p-tN¿∂n- Hcp G¿∏mSpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. GXm-bmepw
´p-an-√. AØmgw BIp-tºm-tg°p `mcy s]mXn- s]mXn-t®mdv Bcpw Hcn-°epw Dt]-£n-®n-cp-∂n-
t®m¿ Xbm-dm-°n-°-gn-bp-∂p. AS-bv°m-a-c-Øn √. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, AXn-\p≈ cpNn H∂p
se ]mf hm¿s∂-SpØv NoIn Hcp°n AXn-\-I- {]tXy-Ia - m-Wv. "s]mXn-t®m-dp-Æm-Øh
- \pw sN¶-
ØmWv s]mXn-t®mdv. \√ \nem-hp≈ cm{Xn Æp-h-cm-Øh\pw' PohnXkpJw A-\p-`-hn-®n-´n-
CXpw FSpØp hnZzm≥ Xncn-°p-I-bm-Wv. t\c s√-∂mWv Hcp ]d-®n¬.
tØ ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]Xn-\©p ]Xn- Cßs\ H∂pw Icp-XmsX t]mIp∂ Iq´cpw
\mdp \mgnI Zqsc-s®-∂mWv Dd-ßp-I. ""Bfl D≠v. A\y-∑m-cpsS HuZm-cy-Øn¬ ZrV-ambn
h¬ k¿h-`q-Xm\n'' F∂ {]am-W{- ]-Imcw GsX- hniz-kn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ t]m°mWv CXv. Cu
¶nepw Hcp ho´n¬ Ibdn X\n°v GtXm Ah- t]m°n\v DØcw ]d-tb-≠Xv Zqsc-Zn-°p-I-fn¬
Imiw D≈-Xp-t]mse, ]m{X-߃ thW-sa-¶n¬ Xma- k n- ° p∂ ]mh- s ∏´ Krl- ÿ ∑m- c psS
14 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
! bm{X ImgvNb
- psS A\p-`hw am{X-a√, as‰-s¥m-s°-tbm \ap°v \¬Ip∂p-≠v. bm{X \n߃°p
\¬Inb hyXy-kvXm-\p-`-h-߃ tN¿Øv hnh-cWw Xbm-dm-°q.
! ""HSp-hn¬ I¬∏m-e-°-S-hn¬ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw D®bv°v FØp-tºm-tg°p \ºym-Xn°p Jp¿-B-s\-
∏‰n A¬∏-a-dnbmw; tPym’y\p ]d-hqsc Krl-ÿ-∑m-sc-∏‰n \√-Xp-t]mse Adnbmw; Krl-
ÿ\p s]cnß\ms´ ac-®o-\n°r-jn-sb-∏‰n hnh-cn-®-dnbmw; tcmKn°v Aºm-k-ap-{Z-Ønse
Hcp \√ Nn¥m¿a-Wn-ssh-Zys‚ ]mS-h-sØ-∏‰n [mcmfw Adn-bmw.''
ASn-hcbn´ ]Z-߃ "Adnbmw' F∂ {Inb°v hcp-Ønb A¿Y-hy-Xymkw {i≤n-®p-h-t√m.
CØcw IqSp-X¬ {]tbm-K-߃ Is≠-Øn-sb-gp-Xp-I.
Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v
! {]h¿Ø-\-ßfneqsS \n߃°p-≠mb anI-hp-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Fs¥-
√m-amWv? kzbw hne-bncpØpI.
A¸w
]q¿W-ambn `mKn-I-ambn am{Xw
Fgp-Øp-Imsc
cma-]p-cØv hmcy¿ (1703 ˛ 1753) Adn-bpI
tIm´bw Pn√bn¬ cma]pcØv P\\w. h©n∏m´p{]ÿm\Ønse {]apJ\mb Ihn.
XncphnXmwIq¿ almcmPmhmbncp∂ am¿Ømfih¿abpsS B{inX\mbncp∂p.
Nn{X- h¿W-߃ IptNe
hrØw h©n∏m´v, `mjmjvS]Zn, ss\j[w XncphmXnc∏m´v XpSßnbh {][m\ IrXnIƒ.
]n. kptc{µ≥
1961¬ ae∏pdw Pn√bnse ]m∏n\n∏mdbn¬ P\n®p. t\mhenÃv ,
IYmIrØv F∂o \neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. A[ym-]-I-\m-Wv. Pek‘n,
_¿apU, kmaqly]mTw, Ce™n∏qaWsamgpIp∂ \m´phgnIƒ,
KuXahnjmZtbmKw, ssN\okv am¿°‰v XpSßnbh {][m\ IrXnIƒ.
HmS°pg¬ Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v.
]Z-tImiw
AcpW≥ ˛ kqcy≥ Bflh¬ k¿h`qXm\n ˛ F√m‰nt\bpw
Akl\obw ˛ kln°m\mhmØ kz¥ambn°mWp∂
AkvamIw ˛ \ΩpsS, RßfpsS C‘\w ˛ hndIv
AkwJyw ˛ A\h[n D±njvSw ˛ \n›bn°s∏´
BIkvanIw ˛ s]s´-∂p-≠m-bXv IZmN\ ˛ Hcn-°¬
18 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
! hyXy-kvX- Im-eL´-ßf
- nse kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bnse
`mj, PohnXw F∂nh DNnX-amb hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-fn-¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
! N¿®-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØv hnhn[ Bi-b-ta-J-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ImgvN-∏m-
Sp-Iƒ bp‡n-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p.
! hcn-I-fnse A£-c-ß-fpsS D®m-c-W-kz`m-hw, FÆw F∂nh kmam-\y-h-
¬°-cn®v Xmf-Ønepw hyXykvX CuW-Ønepw IhnX sNm√n Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°p-∂p.
]T-\-t\-´-߃ ! tbmPn® ]Z-߃, {]tbm-K-߃ F∂nh Dƒs∏-SpØn ]d™pw Fgp-Xnbpw
{]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.
! A£-c-߃ tNcp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ am‰-߃ kmam-\y-h-¬°-cn®v ]Z-ß-fpsS
k‘n \n¿W-bn°pIbpw ]pXnb kµ¿`-ßf - n¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ 19
""Bhn-s√m-cn-°epw Km\-I-e-hn-bn˛
emdm-Sp-hm-s\-\n-°n-Ω-´n¬''
˛ {]Ir-Xn-bnse kuµ-cymw-i-ßfpw AXv sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o-\hpw
Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\?
20 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw
tIcfw Hcp Im¿jn-I-cm-Py-am-Wv. ]t£, Chn-SsØ Irjo-h-e-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn¬ F∂pw s]m≥\m-
W-b-߃°p ]™-am-Wv. Cu A]q¿W-Xbv°v Hcp D]-im¥n F∂-t]mse {]IrXn hmcn-hn-X-
dp∂ as‰mcp s]m≥\m-Wbw ChnsS kar-≤-ambn hnf-bp-∂p-≠v-˛-]q-°ƒ. Cu \mSns‚ sFiz-cy-
Øn\pw Btflm¬°¿j-Øn\pw Cu ]pjv]-k-ºØv tIc-fo-b-P-\X XnI®pw Bkz-Zn-®p-t]m-cp-
∂p-≠p-Xm-\pw.
\Sp-ap-‰-sØmcp ap√-Ø-d-bn-√mØ hoSp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ap‰-sØm-c-‰Øv Xpf-kn-Ø-Sw, Ipf-°-c-
bn¬ ]p©n-cn-®p-\n¬°p∂ sh≈n-bn-e-s®-Sn, sXmSn-\n-dsb ap°p-‰n, ap°nepw aqe-bnepw Xg®p
\n¬°p∂ aµm-cw, sNº-c-Øn, tImfm-ºn, hgn-h-°Øp Idp-I-\m-ºv, Xpº-°p-Sw, then-°n-S-bn-
eqsS \n»-_vZ-ambn ]mfn-t\m-°p∂ iwJp-]p-jv]w, Ip∂n≥\n-dp-I-bn¬ IqØm-Sp∂ Im´p-]q-°ƒ...
Cßs\ i_-fm-`-amb Hcp ]q∏m-en-I-bmWv tIc-fw.
]qh-dp-°¬, ame-sI-´¬, ]q°fw hc-bv°¬, ]qP-bvs°m-cp-°¬˛ CsX√mw Hcp Zn\m-cw-`Ø - nse
ss\Xn-I-[¿Ω-ß-fm-Wv. Ipfn-®p-Ip-dn-bn´v ]pcn-Ip-g-en¬ ]q°ƒ XncpIn tZh-Z¿i\w Ign-s®-Øp∂
tIc-fobh\n-X-Iƒ Cu \mSns‚ km£m¬ {Kma-e-£van-am-cm-Wv.
hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ 21
Im¿ap-In-en\v
KZy-Øn¬
Hcp A¿®-\m-KoXw
F\n°v ag-tb-°mƒ CjvSw Im¿ap-In-em-Wv. ag hcp∂p F∂v Bsc-¶nepw
]d-bp-tºmƒ Rm≥ ]pd-tØ°v Cdßn BIm-i-tØ°p t\m°n \n¬°p-
∂p. s]øp∂ ag-tb-°mƒ s]øm≥ hnXpºn\n¬°p∂ Im¿taL-ß-fmWv
F\n-°n-jvSw. {]hmlk∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ Im¿taLw {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-
ambn \n¬°p∂ a\- p-t]m-se-bm-Wv, {]hm-lk- ∂
- ≤ - a- mbn \n¬°p∂ IhnX
t]mse-bm-Wv, {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ Bi-b-߃t]m-se-bm-Wv.
ag-°m-dns\ t\m°n\n¬°p-tºmƒ In´p∂ HcpXcw DW¿hv Fs‚ a\- n¬
Bi-b-k-ar-≤n-bp-≠m-°m-dp-≠v. F\n-°Xp {]tNm-Z-\-Øns‚ \oe-°m-dm-Wv.
{]`m-X-Ønse Im¿ap-In-en\v IqSp-X¬ kuµ-cy-ap-s≠∂v F\n°v tXm∂m-
dp-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ AXv BIm-i-Øn¬ IdpØ knwlw t]mse \n¬°p-∂-
Xmbn tXm∂pw. a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ AXv Fs‚ ImgvNbn¬ sNdnb sNdnb
sImSp-ap-Sn-I-fp-ambn {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ \oe-°m¿ ]¿h-X-ambn amdp-∂p.
\n{Zbv°v Im¿ap-In-ens‚ \nd-am-sW∂v Rm≥ shdpsX `mh\sNøm-dp-≠v.
a‰p-≈-h¿°v CXv Indp-°p-I-fmbn tXm∂mw.
hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃ 25
ap‡-I-߃
]mS-Øn≥ Ic \osf \oe-\n-d-ambv
then-s°m-cm-tLm-j-ambv
BSn-Øq-ßn-b-e-™p-e™p kpIrXw
ssIs°m≠p \n¬°pw hn[u
hmSmtX hcn-sIs‚ ssIbn-e-[p\m
]obq-j-Uw-`-sØbpw
t`Zn-®≥s]mSp Ibv]-h√n Xckm
s]‰p≈ ss]X-ßtf!
˛ tNe-∏-dºp \ºq-Xncn
Bcm-a-Øn¬°p-fn¿°¬Ø-d-bn-e-c-N¿ h˛
∂mN-cn-°p∂ eotem˛
Zmcm-\¿tLm-]-Nm-cm¬ hf-cpsamc-g-tI˛
dp∂ ]qh-√n-Xm\pw
Bcmcpw t\m°n-SmtX aXn¬ hnS-hn¬ apf˛
®p¥n-sb-Øn®p t\m°m≥
t]mcm-∏mgvh≈n \obpw ]pW-cp-an-\-I-c˛
߃°p Xpteym’h-߃
˛ \me-∏m´v \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥
JT !!"-#/ MAL-$AT
28 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v
Fgp-Øp-Imsc
hn. Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv (1896 ˛ 1982) Adn-bpI
sh≈nØncpØnØmgØv cma≥ `´Xncn∏mSv. A¶amen InSßqcn¬
P\\w. kmaqlnI ]cnjvI¿Ømhv, \mSIIrØv F∂o \neIfn¬
{]kn≤≥. ASp°fbn¬\n∂v AcßtØ°v (\mSIw), IÆocpw
In\mhpw, I¿Ωhn]mIw, shSnh´w, cP\ocwKw, kXyw F∂Xv ChnsS
a\pjy\mIp∂p XpSßnbhbmWv {][m\ IrXnIƒ. tIcf kmlnXy
A°mZan Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v.
tNe∏dºp \ºqXncn
1690\pw 1780\pw CSbv°v PohnXImew. tImgn-t°m-Sn-\-SpØv Nmen-b-amWv P∑-ÿ-e-sa∂v
Icp-Xp∂p. ap‡IcNbnXm°fn¬ {]apJ≥. ]m´pÆnNcnXw At±lØns‚ as‰mcp
IrXnbmWv.
\me-∏m´v \mcm-bW
- t
- a-t\m≥(1887 ˛ 1954)
s]m∂m\n°SpØp≈ ht∂cn \me∏m´v Xdhm´n¬ P\\w. Ihn,
hnh¿ØI≥ F∂o \neIfn¬ {]ikv X ≥. IÆp\o¿Øp≈n
(hnem]Imhyw), ]mh߃ (hnh¿Ø\w), cXnkm{amPyw, N{Ihmfw,
B¿j⁄m\w, kptemN\ XpSßnbh {][m\ IrXnIƒ.
30 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
Xntcm`hn°pI˛ adbpI
]Z-tImiw ZpcqlX ˛ Duln-°m≥ hnj-a-ap≈
\thm∞m\w ˛ ]pØ≥ DW¿hv
A[p\m ˛ Ct∏mƒ ss\XnI[¿Ωw ˛ \oXn-]q¿hw
A\¿Lw ˛ hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-hm-Ø A\pjvTnt°≠
_lpam\w Imcy߃
A¿ln°p∂ ]flmk\w ˛ Hcp tbmKm-k\w
A\nXyw ˛ ÿnca√mØ ]obqjw ˛ AarXv, tX≥
A\n¿hN\obw ˛ \n¿hNn°m≥ ]pcnIpg¬ ˛ A‰w Npcp≠ XeapSn
IgnbmØ ]q∏menI ˛ ]qØ´w
AcN≥ ˛ cmPmhv {]tNmZ\w ˛ t{]cW
Achnµw ˛ Xmac {]XoIw ˛ ASbmfw, {]Xn_nw_w
Bcmaw ˛ ]qt¥m´w apJcnXw ˛ apgßp∂
C\≥ ˛ kqcy≥ euInIw ˛ temIkw_‘amb
D¬°¿jw ˛ Db¿® h´≥ ˛ Hcn\w s\√v, {`m¥≥
Iehn ˛ Ifn, BtLmjw hn[u ˛ kabØv
t¢i`qbnjvTw ˛ t¢iw \nd™ hn\nthib¥w ˛ {]thin∏n®ncn°p∂
Km¿lnIw ˛ Krlkw_‘amb hncmPn°pI ˛ tim`n°pI
L\o`hn® ˛ I´]nSn® sshZnIw ˛ thZsØ
PohnXZp¿Kw ˛ PohnX{]bmkw kw_‘n°p∂Xv
Uw`w ˛ Al¶mcw i_fw ˛ IqSn-°-e¿∂
Xckm ˛ thKØn¬, s]s´∂v kpIrXw ˛ ]pWyw
XmZmflyw ˛ sFIyw k∂≤w ˛ Hcpßnb
C¥y
17.07.1945
{]nb-s∏´ {][m-\-a-{¥o,
Ffnb Cu "\·-\mb ^Jo-dn's\ ˛ Xm¶ƒ Fs∂
Aßs\ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p˛ XI¿°m≥
Xm¶ƒ°v B{K-l-ap-s≠∂v Adn-bp-∂p. Hcp ^Jo-dm-bn-cn-
°m≥, \·-\mb Hcp ^Jo-dm-bn-cn-°m≥ hf-sc-°m-e-ambn
Rm≥ ]cn-{i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Iptd-°qSn {]bm-k-
ap≈ Hcp DZy-a-amWv AXv. AXn-\m¬ B {]tbm-KsØ
Hcp _lp-a-Xn-bmbn Rm≥ KWn-°p-∂p; Xm¶ƒ Aßs\
Dt±-in-®n-cn-°p-Ibn-s√-¶nepw, B \ne-bn¬Øs∂ Xm¶sf
Rm≥ kao-]n-°p-∂p. Xm¶-fpsSbpw Fs‚bpw \m´nse P\-
X-Iƒ°p-th-≠nbpw XZzmcm temI-P-\-Xbv°p th≠nbpw
Fs∂ hniz-kn-°m\pw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Xm¶-tfmSv
Rm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Xm¶-fpsS Bflm¿Y kplrØv
Fw.sI. Km‘n
Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥
imiz-X-a-lnw-k-bm-W-Ω-lm-flm-hn≥ {hXw
im¥n-bm-W-hn-tS°p ]c-tZ-hX ]t≠;
HmXp-am-dp-≠-t±l ""alnw-km-a-Wn-®-´˛
tbXp-S-hm-fn≥ sImSp-hm-bvØe aS-°mØq?''
* * * *
{InkvXp-tZ-hs‚ ]cn-Xym-K-io-e-hpw, km£m¬
IrjvW\mw `K-hms‚ [¿Ω-c-t£m-]m-bNn{X- -hpw h¿W-߃
_p≤-s‚-b-lnw-k-bpw, i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS
_p≤n-i-‡n-bpw, c¥n-tZ-hs‚ Zbm-hmbv]pw
{iol-cn-›-{µ-∂p≈ kXy-hpw, apl-Ω-Zn≥
ssÿcy-hp-sam-cm-fn¬t®¿s∂m-Øp-Im-W-Wsa-¶n¬
sN√p-hn≥ `hm-∑m-sc≥ Kpcp-hn≥ \nI-S-Øn˛
e√m-bvI-n-e-hn-Sp-sØ-®-cn{Xw hmbn-°p-hn≥!
lm! X{X `h¬∏m-Z-sam-cn-°¬ Z¿in-s®-∂m¬
ImX-c-\-Xn-[o-c≥, I¿°-i≥ Ir]m-h-i≥!
]nip-°≥ {]Zm-t\m¬°≥; ]nip-\≥ kph-N-\˛
\ip-≤≥ ]cn-ip≤\e-k≥ kZm-bm-k≥!
KoX-bv°p-am-Xm-hmb `qantb ZrV-an-Xp˛
amXn-cn-sbm-cp -I¿ΩtbmKnsb {]k-hn-°q
lna-h-Zzn-‘ym-Ne a[y-tZ-itØ ImWq
iata ioen-s®-gp-an-Øcw knwl-Øn-s\.
KwK-bm-sdm-gp-Ip∂ \m´nte icn-°n{X
awKfw Imbv°pw Iev]-]m-Z]-ap-≠m-bvhcq!
kmln-Xy-aR
- vPcn \memw `mKw ˛ h≈-tØmƒ \mcm-bW
- t- a-t\m≥
34 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
""Ah-\n-h-s\-∂-dn-bp-∂-sXm-s°-tbm¿Øm˛
eh-\n-bn-em-Zn-a-am-sbm-cm-fl-cq]w
Ah-\-h-\m-fl-kp-J-Øn-\m-N-cn-°p˛
∂h-b-]-c∂p kpJ-Øn-\mbvhtcWw''
(Btflm]-tZ-i-i-XIw˛{io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp)
""Alnwk
`ocp-hns‚ Bbp-[-a√; ""Fs‚ Pohn-X-amWv
[oct‚XmWv.'' Fs‚ ktµiw.'' -
`qan-bpsS kz]w
\
H enhpaebpsS Xmgv h cbn¬\n∂v sskdbpsS ktµiw. sabn¬t_mIv k nte°v F{X
XhWbmWv Ahƒ ¢n°v sNbvXncn°p∂Xv! Hcp t]Pv apgph≥ AXns‚ Bh¿Ø\߃.
kzbw ad∂ncp∂v hnc¬ Aa¿ØnbXpt]mse. AhfpsS kz]v \ßfnse
Nn{X- C¥y
h¿W- ߃ bmYm¿YyamIp
∂Xns‚ BÀmZamImw. _p≤s‚bpw AtimIs‚bpw i¶cmNmcycpsSbpw almflmKm‘n
bpsSbpw cho{µ\mYSmtKmdns‚bpsams° P∑ÿenbmb hn{im¥`qanI. Aim¥\KcØn¬
\n∂v IqSphn´p ]d°m≥ tamln°p∂ ]£n tXSnsbØp∂ \oemImiw.
bm{Xmthfbn¬ imtcmWnse ]\n\o¿∏qhn\p kΩm\n® sIm®p aqh¿Ws°mSn
]T\taisb Ae¶cn°p∂p≠mhmw. F{X bmZr—nIamb kamKaw! Hcn°epw ap≥t] \n›bn
®pd∏n°m≥ Ign™n´n√, Fs‚ k©mc]Y߃. BIkvanIXbpsS Awiw Ft∏mgpw
Dƒt®¿∂ncn°pw. Fs‚ P\\ImeØv C√sØ {]Xm]߃ AkvXan®ncp∂p. hn[n bm{XbpsS
36 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
thZw
DΩ hnf-ºnb tNmdn∂p ap≥]n¬ Rm≥
NpΩm apJw Idp-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
Dt∏-cn-bn√, Idn-bn√, ao\n√
]∏Sw "h´'Ønem-Wp-Xm-\pw.
tNm‰p-]m-{X-Øns‚ s]m´p-t]m-ep-s≠mcp
tNm∂p-≈n-®-Ω¥n ˛ A{X-am-{Xw.
tZjyw Ipd-®√ h∂-sX-\n-°-t∏mƒ,
tZl-sam-´msI hnd-®n-cp-∂p.
h√m-sX-bn√ hnis∏-\n-s°-¶nepw
h√m-bva-bp-s≠∂p Rm≥ \Sn-®p.
DÆm≥ XpS-ßn-bm¬ hnÆp-s∂m-cp-Æn-bm˛
sbÆp-am-dp-≠-s∂≥ ho´n-se-s∂,
F¶nepw Xo≥tai hn´p ]cn-`-hn˛
s®tßm-s´-∂n-√msX Rm≥ \S-∂p.
s]m´epw No‰-ep-ambn Rm≥ hoSns‚
]n≥]p-d-tØ-bvs°m∂p ]mfn-t\m-°n.
At∏mƒ Rm≥ I≠p hS-°n-\n-ap-‰-sØm˛
cmƒ°q-´w, ]mh-ß-sf-∂-b¬°m¿
IqSn-bn-cn-°-bm-Wp-Ω-b-h¿s°m-s°˛
®qSp≈ I™n ]I¿∂nSp-∂p.
HmSn-°-fn-°p-∂p≠m "]jvWn'°™n-bn˛
temtcm s\Sn-b-cn-h-‰p-am-{Xw.
As∂m-s°-sb≥ \m´n¬ `qcn-P-\-߃°pw
A∂-samcp kz]v\-am-bn-cp-∂p.
BwK-e-hm-gvNbpw bp≤-s°-Sp-Xnbpw
BsI-sb≥ {Kmaw XI¿Øn-cp-∂p.
A\y-Po-h\
- p-XIn kzPo-hnXw 41
Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v
Nn{X-h¿W-߃
sa®-s∏-´n-˛
sa®-∏-Sm-˛
th≠{X
C\nbpw
anI-®Xv
\p-≈Xv
´n-√.
Ihn-Xm-kzm-Z\w
• Xmf-Ønepw CuW-Ønepw sNm√m-\p≈ Ignhv.
• hcn-Iƒ hymJym-\n®v Bi-b-߃ Xncn-®-dn-b¬.
• {]tbm-K-߃, Ae-¶m-c-I-ev]-\-Iƒ, _nw_-߃
F∂n-h hymJym-\n-°epw Bkz-Zn-°epw.
KZy-c-N\
• cN-\-I-fn¬ kµ¿`m-\p-k-cWw Bi-b-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-
\p≈ tijn.
• hmb-\-bn-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏´ {]tbm-K-߃, ssien-Iƒ
F∂nh Bh-iy-amb L´-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°¬.
44 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
Fgp-Øp-Imsc
h≈-tØmƒ Adn-bpI
\mcm-bW
- t- a-t\m≥ (1878 ˛ 1958)
Xncqcn\SpØp≈ awKew Awiw h≈tØmƒ IpSpw_Øn¬ P\\w.
B[p\nI Ihn{XbØn¬ s]Sp∂p. ]{Xm[n]¿, Iem]cnt]mjI≥ F∂o
\neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. tIcf Iemafiew ÿm]n°p∂-Xn\v t\XrXzw
hln- ® p. kmlnXyaRv P cn(11 `mKw), _‘\ÿ\mb A\ncp≤≥,
aKvZe\adnbw, sIm®pkoX, injy\pw aI\pw, Nn{XtbmKw (almImhyw),
hmev a oIncmambWw(]cn`mj) XpSßnbhbmWv {][m\ IrXnIƒ. ]Zv a `qj¨,
IhnXneI≥, Ihnkm¿h`ua≥ XpSßnb ]pckvImc߃ e`n®p.
]Z-tImiw
ANew ˛ Ne\an√mØXv, ae ]™s°SpXn ˛ £maImesØ
A]iIp\w ˛ Zp»Ip\w Nn{X-h_p≤nap´v
¿W-߃
A`yp∂Xn ˛ Db¿® ]nip\≥ ˛ GjWn°mc≥
BIkvanIX ˛ s]s´∂p≠mhp∂Xv {]Zmt\m¬°≥ ˛ Zm\w sNøm≥
BwKehmgvN ˛ Cw•ojv `cWw B{Kln°p∂h≥
BipKw ˛ Aºv, hmbp, ]£n {]Whw ˛ Hm¶mcw
DZvKaw ˛ Db¿® {]`mhw ˛ alna, tim`
Ducm¨a°m¿ ˛ t£{Xßfnepw a‰pw ^Jo¿ ˛ apkvenw k∂ymkn
A[nImcw D≈h¿ {_“w ˛ ]camflmhv
Ghw ˛ C{]Imcw `qcnP\߃ ˛ P\ßfn¬ Gdn-b-]¶pw
HmP v ˛ PohssNX\yw ap‡n ˛ tam£w
HmSntbmSw ˛ thKhpw `wKnbpap≈ tam¥pI ˛ IpSn°pI
Hcp Xcw sNdnb h≈w bPvRw ˛ bmKw
I÷fw ˛ sNfn tbmKhnØv ˛ tbmK-hnZy
ImXc≥ ˛ A[oc≥ Adn-bp-∂-h≥ (tb-mKn)
ImdWn®fn ˛ IdpØ sNfn te]w ˛ ]pc´m\p≈Xv
IpdpIpI ˛ i_vZn°pI hnlmb vv ˛ BImiw
NtImcw ˛ sNtºmØv, D∏≥ hnlo\w ˛ Dt]£n°s∏´,
Nn{Xh¿Ww ˛ \m\mPmXn \ndw C√mØ
Noem¥n ˛ ]pcbpsS HcpXcw _ow iaw ˛ at\mhnImcßfpsS
Xncp∏nSn°pI ˛ XncpIn∏nSn°pI im¥n
[zPw ˛ sImSnacw ikv{Xw ˛ Bbp[w
\µn\n ˛ Imat[\phns‚ ]p{Xn kZmbmk≥ ˛ Ft∏mgpw
\nISw ˛ kao]w {]h¿Øn°p∂h≥
\n¿∂ntajw ˛ IÆnabv°msX kakz—w ˛ If¶an√msX
\n¿hrXn ˛ B\µw kwKcw ˛ bp≤w
\n»q\yw ˛ \nt»jw iq\yw ssÿcyw ˛ ÿnc-\n-›-bw, £a
\njv{Ian°pI ˛ ]pdØpt]mIpI
46 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
amWn-Iy-hoW
(amWn-Iy-hoW)
[¿Ωn-jvT-\mb
cmt[-b≥
Ip¥n
X\n°p ]nd∂
kqcy]p{X-\mb I¿Ws\,
P\n-®-bp-S-s\-
s]´n-bn-em°n \Zn-bn-ep-t]-£n-°p-∂p.
\Zn-bn¬\n∂p In´nb
B Ip™ns\
kqX-\mb A[n-cY - \pw
`mcy-bmb cm[bpw hf¿Øn.
P∑\m Ih-N-Ip-fi-e-[m-cnbpw
ka¿Y\pw [oc-\p-amb
I¿W≥
Zptcym-[\-]-£ØmWv \ne-bp-d-∏n-®Xv.
alm`mc-X-bp≤w XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\p ap≥]v
{ioIr-jvW≥ I¿W-t\mSv
Xs‚ bYm¿Y amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ
Bcm-sW∂ clkyw
shfn-s∏-SpØpIbmWv.
Aßs\ bp≤w Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn
At±-lsØ
]mfi-h]-£-tØ°p
£Wn-°p-∂-XmWv
]mT-k-µ¿`w.
Imew Z¿in® ckm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ 51
Nn{X-h¿W-߃
P\-iq-\y-amb h\-lr-Z-¥-ß-fn-se-Øn--b-t∏mƒ
Zmcp-I≥ KXn aµo-`-hn-∏n® cYw, ]ns∂bpw
kmh-Im-i-am-°m≥ "]Xp-s°, ]Xps°' F∂v
IrjvW≥ A\p⁄ \¬In. cYsØ \bn-
°p∂ sh≈-°p-Xn-c-I-fpsS H‰-sbm-‰-bm-bp≈
Ipf-º-Sn-i-_vZw B hnP-\-X-bn¬ apg-ßn. Cg-
™p-\o-ßp∂ cY-N-{I-ß-fpsS {Iµ\w {]]-©-
hn-[m-\-Øns‚ Aa¿Øn-∏n-Sn® Ic-®n¬t]mse
B h\-ÿ-ensb timI-`-cn-X-am-°n. ]d-°m-
\p≈ Xzcbv°p \nb-{¥-WØ - ns‚ BLm-Xt- a‰
hmPn-Iƒ B™p izkn-°p-Ibpw kao-]-ÿ-
amb ]®n-eØ - g - ∏
- p-Iƒ B¿{Z-Xb - m¬ At∏mƒ
hnd- b v ° p- I bpw sNbv X p. he- X p- ] m¿iz-
Øn¬ \n›-e\ - m-bn-cn-°p∂ I¿Ws‚ Ic-
߃ ho≠pw ]cn-{K-ln-®p-sIm≠v ]Xn-
™, _e-h-Ømb i_vZ-Øn¬ IrjvW≥ ]d-
™p:
""I¿Wm! Fs‚ Cu hm°p-Iƒ \o {i≤n-
®mepw. \ns∂-°p-dn-®p≈ kXy-amb hnNm-c-
ßfpw kXy-amb hkvXp-X-Ifpw Adn-bn-°m≥
Rm≥ \ns∂ Cßs\ B\-bn-®p. B hm°p-
Iƒ \msf \K-c-ßfpw P\-]-Z-ßfpw cmP-k-`-
Ifpw CSn-ap-g-°w-t]mse {ihn-t°≠ hm°p-I-
fm-Wv. hn[n-\n-tbm-K-h-im¬ hnP-\-ÿ-e-Øp-
h®p cl-ky-ambn \nt∂mSp Rm\Xp ]d-bp-∂p.
`qan-bn¬ InS-b‰ hn√m-fn-bmWp \o. AZv`p-X-
_- e - i m- e nbpw AZv ` p- X - h n- { I- a n- b p- a mWv \o.
kplr-tØ, I¿Wm! B \ns‚ \nP-ÿnXn Adn-
bp∂ Rm≥, \ns∂{]Xn a\km BZ-chpw
kvt\lhpw \nd-™h - \
- m-sW∂p \o Adn-bW - w.
\o Bsc∂p \nt∂mSp ]d-bm-\p≈ aplq¿Ø-
am- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Ipcp- h w- i - P m- X - ∑ m¿ XΩn¬
sIms∂m-Sp°n kaqew \in-°p∂ bp≤w Xo¿®-
52 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
s]cp-¥-®≥
CØn-cns°mcp kpJw tXm∂p-∂ps≠-\n-°n-s∂≥
s]mØn-se-{X-\m-fmbv Rm≥ Npcp-≠p-In-S-°p∂p!
hmXsas∂ep-ºnse a÷-sbm-s°bpw Im¿∂q,
t{]X-am-bvØo¿∂p Rms\∂mInepw izkn-°p-∂p.
Dfnhbv°p-tºmƒ I´s∏m∂p-t]m¬ an∂pw πmhpw
Ifn-h©n sh´o-Sm≥ ImX-em¿∂ tX∑mhpw
\nd-sb-∏qØpw Imbv®pw \n¬°pao ao\-°m-e˛
Ønd-bØp sNs∂m∂p t\m°p-hm≥ Ign-s™-¶n¬!
F≥]-d-ºn-ens√m-‰°p‰n-hm-gbp; sa\n˛
°nº-am-sW-hn-sS-bmsW¶nepw acw I≠m¬
H≥]-Xmƒ ]nSn-®mepw ]nSn-Iq-Sm-Xp-s≠m-‰˛
غ-I-ap-fn-b-∂qcº-e-ssa-Xm-\-Øn¬.
hfhpw t]mSpw tISpan√, Rms\≥ I¨sIm-s≠m˛
∂f-∂n-s´m-sc¨]Xp tImen-\-∏pdw t]mhpw
apdn-®m-eXp aXn \m´n-se-∏p-c-bvs°√mw
apf-tam-¥mbw am‰mapØc-Øn\pw In´pw.
As√-¶n-eq-cm-◊-°m¿ tamln-°pw-t]mse sNØn˛
bn√-am-fn-I-Iƒ°q"Noem¥n'°sXm-∏n-°mw.
]qX-en-®p-t]m-sbs‚bnØSn;sImXn-®m-em˛
°mX-en-epfn \SØoSp-hm-\m-hn-√t√m!
Icn-sh-‰n-e-Øp≠pw sIm´-S-bv°bpw \qdn≥˛
Xcnbpw ]pI-bnesR´nbpw X∏n-Ø∏n
˛sh-Sn-h-bv°n-epw-Iq-Snt°ƒ°n√m ˛ Iq\n-°q-Sn˛
∏Sn-ta-en-cn-°p∂q,"\m\n'bpw hb¿ Npßn.
Ahfpw sIf-hn-bmbv! ]qØ Nº-I-ssØ-t∏m¬
\nh¿∂pw IS-s™-SpØXp-t]m-ep-S-ºm¿∂pw,
Nncn®p aq∂pw-Iq´n∏qØ sh≈n-e-t]mse˛
∂cn-I-Øn-hƒ \n∂ \mfp-Iƒ Rmt\m¿°p∂q!
(]pcnIw \c-s®mcm°Æp-Iƒ, NnX¬ Xn∂
]pd-hm-Xn-en¬°qSnbe™q Iptd-t\-cw)
s]mßp-hm≥ Ign-s™-¶n¬ \ncßmw; Ing-hs\
Ømßp-am-bn-cp-∂m-ss°....hn-Xpºo s]cp-¥-®≥.
(ho≠pam kvac-Wsb ambv°mt\m, Npfn-thsd
hoW s\‰n-ta¬ sas√ØSho Npßpw ssIbm¬)
]Wn-sN-øp-hm≥taem-Xm-Inepw sXm¶n-tØßn˛
∏Wn-bm-ebn¬∏p-s°m∂ncn-°m≥ Igns™¶n¬,
F¶n¬, Rm≥ apg-t°mepapfnbpw ]Wn-°q-dn¬
∏¶n-Sm-dp-≈m-Àm-Zan∂pw lm! \pWt™s\!
Imew Z¿in® ckm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ 59
Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v
C\nbpw sa®-s∏-tS-≠h
•
•
•
•
shÆn-°pfw Fgp-Øp-Imsc
Adn-bpI
tKm]m-e°
- p-dp∏v (1902˛1980)
Xncph√ shÆn°pfØv P\n®p. Ihn, hnh¿ØI≥ F∂o \neIfn¬
{]kn≤≥. amWnIyhoW, sh≈nØmew, am\k]p{Xn, ktcmhcw, IZfo
h\w, Imakpc`n XpSßnb IhnXmkamlmcßfpw ssIcfotImiw,
Xncp°pd¬, `mcXnbpsS IhnXIƒ, XpfkoZmkcmambWw XpSßnb
hnh¿Ø\ßfpw {]kn≤oIcn®n´p≠v. tI{µ˛tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan
Ahm¿UpIƒ e`n®n´p≠v.
62 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
Pn. i¶-c°
- p-dp∏v (1901 ˛ 1978)
FdWmIpfw ImeSn°SpØp≈ \mbtØmSv F∂ ÿeØp P\n®p.
BZy ⁄m\]oT tPXmhv. HmS°pg¬, kmlnXyIuXpIw (4 `mK߃),
hnizZ¿i\w, A¥¿Zmlw, ]YnIs‚ ]m´v , ]mtYbw (IhnXm
kamlmc߃), KoXmRvPen, hnemkelcn (hnh¿Ø\߃), k‘y,
Ccp´n\p apºv (\mSI߃) XpSßn \nch[n {KŸßƒ cNn®n´p≠v.
tI{µ kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv, tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan
Ahm¿Uv , tkmhnb‰v em≥Uv ˛ s\lv d p Ahm¿Uv , ]Zv a `qj¨
F∂nßs\ ]pckvImcßfpw e`n®n´p≠v.
]Z-tImiw
A\p⁄ ˛ I¬∏\, DØchv, B{Iµ\w ˛ henb Ic®n¬,
A\phmZw \ne-hnfn
A`n`qXw ˛ ]cmPbw, ]cn`hw BtamZw ˛ kuc-`yw, kt¥mjw
A`ni]vX≥ ˛ i]n°s∏´h≥, BbktKmfw ˛ CcpºptKmfw
Zpjn°s∏´h≥ Fepºv ˛ F√v
A`ypZbImw£ ˛ Db¿® B{Kln°¬ It√mew ˛ Xncame
AjvSZnIv]meI¿ ˛ F´pZn°pIsf Im\o\≥ ˛ I\yIbpsS ]p{X≥
]men°p∂h¿ Imakpc`n ˛ Imat[\p
Imew Z¿in® ckm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ 63
Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw
Ie-X≥ Im¥n X´p-tºmƒ 67
˛sI.kn. \mcm-b-W≥
Ie-X≥ Im¥n X´p-tºmƒ 69
Io¿Øn-ap{Z
Bim\v Xf¿® tXm∂n. Ifnb-c-ß-Øp-\n∂v
hnS- h m- ß p- ∂ - t XmsS Xm≥ Xm\- √ m- X m- b n-
Øocp∂p. hb v F¨]-Øn-sb-´m-bn. ]Xn-aq-
∂m-asØ hb- n¬ I®-sI-´n-b-Xm-Wv. ]Xn-aq-
∂m-asØ hb- nte \S-\m-bn. thsd am¿K-ß-
sfm-∂p-an-√m-bn-cp∂p A∂v Pohn-°m≥. ap°m¬
\q‰m-≠mWv Xs‚ apºn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. AXpw Ifn-b-c-ßn-eq-sS. C∂-tØbpw
A∂-tØbpw Pohn-XsØ Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-ØpI
høm. hf-sc-tbsd IjvS∏ - m-Sp-Iƒ kln-®n-´p-≠v.
\nc- h [n \mgn- I - I ƒ Ifn- s ∏´n Xe- b n-
te‰ns°m≠v \S-∂n-´p-≠v. C∂sØ sNdp-∏° - m-
cmb Ifn-tbm-K-Ønse Ip´n-Iƒs°-¥-dnbmw?
Ah-scms° Iesb Imcy-am-sb-Sp-°p-∂p-t≠m
F∂p-d-∏n®p ]d-™p-Iq-Sm. Nne-scm-s°-bp-≠v.
Cs√∂p ]d-bp-∂n-√. hnc-en-se-Æm-hp-∂-h¿
am{Xw.
Ifn-bc - s- ß-∂p-h® - m¬ ssZh-k∂ - n[n Ft∂
Xms\∂pw Icp-Xn-bn-´p-≈q. as‰-s¥-¶nepw Icp-
Xm-\p≈ [n°m-ctam ]cn-jvIm-ctam Xs∂
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-f-ap-≠m-bn-´n-√. Xms\∂pw
Xs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y-∑msc A\p-k-cn-®n-cp-∂p. A\p-
k-c-Wbpw A®-S-°hpw {]b-Xv\n-°m-\p≈
k∂-≤-X-bp-amWv Hcp Iem-Im-c\v BZy-am-bp-
≠m-tI-≠-Xv. AXp-≠m-bn-°-gn-™m¬ apJ-ap{Z
Xmt\ hm¿∂phoWp-sIm≈pw. Xm≥ sI´n-bm-
Ah-km-\sØ Ac-tß-‰-am-Wv; Ifn-tbm-K- Sp∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fn¬ kz¥w hy‡n-ap{Z
tØmSp hnS-hm-ßp-∂-Xn\p sXm´p-ap-ºp≈ Ifn. hm¿∂p-ho-Wn-´pt≠m F∂-dn™pIqSm. injy-
Np´n-bn-Sm-\mbn Bim≥ AWn-b-d-bn¬ IS-∂p. ∑m-scm-t´-sd-bp-≠v. F√m-hcpw Xs∂ Bim-
£Wn-°-s∏´ kZ- mWv A∂-tØ-Xv. Kh¿ s\∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. {]mbw-sN-∂Xp sIm≠p≈
Wcpw apJy-a-{¥nbpw Ifn-Im-Wm-\mbn hcp-∂p- hnfn-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xm\-Xns\ Imcy-am-sb-Sp-°p-
≠v. apJy-a-{¥n-bmWv Iem-Xn-e-I-sa∂ Io¿Øn- ∂n-√. A√, \s√mcp thj-°m-c-s\∂ t_m[-
ap{Z \¬Ip-∂-Xv. At∂-h-sc-bp≈ tkh-\- tØmSpIqSnb hnfnbm-sW-¶n¬ X\n-°-Xn¬
ßsf hI-bn-cp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv IΩn-‰n-°m¿ A`n- a m- \ - a p- ≠ v . C∂v H∂n\pw høm- X m- b n.
X\n-°Xv \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. C\n- £oWw, Xe-Np-‰¬, Imk-izmkw˛ F√m tcmK-
ap- X ¬°v Ifn- t bm- K - Ø n¬ ]s¶- S p- t °≠. ßfpw h∂v hebw sNbvXn-cn-°-bm-Wv. ]eXpw
Ie-X≥ Im¥n X´p-tºmƒ 71
Nn{X-h¿W-߃
Nn{X-h¿W-߃
"Ifn-b-—≥'
P\n-°p∂p
H‰∏m-eØ
- p- t]mbn. sslkvIqƒ ap‰sØ ]¥- cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ B›-cy-`m-h-tØmsS hmcn-
en¬ ]cnj¬ktΩ-f\w ˛ kmln-Xy-]q-cw. Xe- bsc t\m°n. B sNdnb a\p-jys‚ henb
sb-Sp-∏p≈ B\-Iƒ \nc-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. DZvLm- Xe ˛ kZ- n\p tNmZy-Nn-”-ambn. kz¥-ambn
S-\-Øn\p tUmIvS¿ cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ h∂p. Cw•ojv ]Tn-s®mcp a\p-jy≥ cm[m-Ir-jvWs‚
alm-Ihn h≈-tØmƒ kwkvIr-X-aw-K-f-]-{X- {]kwKw AtX NqtSm-sS, shfn-®-tØm-sS,
kz¿W- a me ka¿∏n- ® p. cm[m- I r- j v W s‚ izmkw hnSmsX ae-bm-fØ- n-te°v Bhm-ln-®p.
{]kwKsh≈-®m-´w. ssI°-cp-Øp≈ a{¥-hm-Zn. Cw•o-jnse Nne
X¿P-abv°v F≥.-hn. IrjvWh - m-cn-b¿. D≈w- ]Z-߃°p ae-bm-f-Øn¬ hm°p-I-fn√ F∂p
ssI-bn¬ kap-{Z-sa-SpØv BN-an® AK-kvXy- kz¥w A⁄X ]pdØn-Sp∂ shdpw Un{Kn-
\mbn hmcn-b¿ B alm-k-Z- ns‚ thZn-bn¬ °m¿°v B X¿Pa Nm´-b-Sn-bm-bn.
Pzen-®p. BZy-ambn alm-Ihn Pn. IhnX hmbn-®p.
Ic-tLmjw apg-ßn. CXmWp {]kw-Kw. A¥- p≈ a\p-jy≥, Ign-hp≈ Ihn, Bg-ap≈
CXmWp X¿P-a. IpØn-sbm-en-°p∂ c≠p Ihn-X.
{]hm-lß - ƒ. IrjvWh - m-cn-b¿ Fs¥∂p alm- sshtem-∏n-≈nbpw Hf-∏-a-Æbpw IhnX hnf-
P\w a\- n-em-°n. "Ign-hp-I-fpsS Bh-\m-gn- ºn. ]\n-\o¿∏qhpw sNº-I∏- qhpw B thZn-bn¬
bnse Hckv{Xw am{X-amWnXv˛' hmcn-b-cpsS NnX-dn.
Iqk-en-√mØ Aa¿Ønb ]p©ncn kqNn-∏n-®p. \msf Pn. A-[y-£≥. IhnX hmbn-°-Ww.
76 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen
Ihn-X-tbmSv-
Nn{X-h¿W-߃
Xmh-I-∏q-t©-e-X≥ kuh¿W-cp-Nn-b-√m˛
Xmh-gn-s°m∂pw I≠o-em-l¥! Zu¿`m-Kyta
km[phmw Irj-I∂p \¬Ip-hm≥ {]Ir-Xyw_
kmtamZw kw`-cn® cXv\-߃ \nd-®Xmw
Ccp-ºp-s]-´n-Ifpw ]Øm-b-ß-fpta‰w
\nd-®p-h-®o-Sn\ hn¨X-´n≥ apI-fnepw
Rm\-W-s™ßpw tXSn, ˛hm¿a-g-hn-√mIpw \n≥
amWn-Iy-am-ebpw s]m≥an-∂¬°m-©nbpw It≠≥.
kp{]-`m-X-Øn-¶-se-t°m-In-e-Km-\-ß-fn¬
tIƒ∏q Rm≥ \n≥ Xmcm-´n≥tX-s\m-en- w-Ko-X-߃
Xz¬°-c-ar-Zp-tLmjw ams‰m-en-s°m-≈p-∂ntX
\¬°p-fn¿∏qt©m-e-X≥ teme-I-t√m-e-ß-fn¬;
\n≥]m-Z-]-fl-Øns‚ ]mSp-Iƒ I≠o-Sp∂p
sNº-\o¿∏p-jv]-ß-fn¬ kpµcw ktΩm-l\w;
F∂m-ep-a-tΩ, \ns∂-°-≠oe; \osb-ßmthm!
\n∂p-Æn-bm-tbm-sc-s∂-ss°-hn´p ad-Itbm?
(Dss_Zns‚ sXcs™SpØ IhnXIƒ) ˛ Sn. Dss_Zv
Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v
Fgp-Øp-Imsc
sI.kn. \mcm-bW
- ≥ Adn-bpI
1952¬ ]me°mSv Pn√bnse {ioIrjvW]pcØv P\\w. am[ya{]h¿
ØI≥, hna¿iI≥ F∂o \neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. "`mjmt]mjnWn'
amknIbpsS FUn‰¿ C≥ Nm¿Pmbn {]h¿Øn°p∂p. anI® ]{X-{]-
h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ tIma¨sh¬Øv s^tem-jn-∏v, tIcf kmlnXy
A°m- Z an Ahm¿Uv F∂nh e`n- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v . aebmfnIfpsS cm{Xn,
_enb]mens‚ ]mT߃ XpSßnbhbmWv {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ.