SCIENCE VOCABULARY

1. Anaphase: It is the third phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the duplicated
chromosomes are separated.
2. Asexual reproduction: Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not
involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
3. Cell cycle: A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and
divides.
4. Cell division: Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides, when a
mother cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
5. Cell plate: in dividing cells of most plants (and some algae), a flattened structure that
forms at the equator of the mitotic spindle in early telophase; gives rise to the middle
lamella.
6. Centriole: Centrioles are tubular organelles (in pairs of two by two) found in the
cytoplasm of animal cells, near the nuclear membrane.
7. Chromatid: A chromatid is one of two identical halves of a chromosome that has
replicated during preparation for cell division. The two “sister” chromatids come
together at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere.
8. Chromosome: Chromosomes are structures in the center (nucleus) of cells that carry
long pieces of DNA. DNA is the material that contains genes and is the fundamental
building block of the human body.
9. Clone: In genetics, a clone is a set of genetically identical beings that descend from the
same individual through asexual reproduction mechanisms.
10. Cytokinesis: Process of separation and segmentation of the cytoplasm that takes place
during the last phase of mitosis.
11. Daugther cell: The daughter cells of mitosis are called diploid cells. Diploid cells have
two complete sets of chromosomes. Since the daughter cells have exact copies of the
parent cell's DNA, there is no genetic diversity created through mitosis in normal
healthy cells.
12. Dna: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the material that contains hereditary
information in humans and almost all other organisms. Almost every cell in a person's
body has the same DNA.
13. Fission: Binary fission or bipartition is a way of asexual reproduction that takes place
in archaea, bacteria and protozoa. It consists of the duplication of DNA, followed by the
division of the cytoplasm, giving rise to two daughter cells.
14. Gamete: In the process of human reproduction, two types of sex cells, or gametes, are
involved. The male gamete, or sperm, and the female gamete, the ovum or oocyte,
which unite within the female reproductive system.
15. Gene: A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up
of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However,
many genes do not code for proteins.
16. Growth: Growth is the theory of monitoring according to health standards; it is the
biological process by which a living being increases in mass and size while undergoing
a series of morphological and functional changes that affects the entire organism. until
you get the most growth.
17. Kinetochore: Structure in the form of a trilaminar disk, located in the centromeric
area of each chromosome, from which the polymerization of microtubules of the
mitotic spindle takes place, which will achieve the displacement of the chromosomes
during mitosis.
18. Metaphase: Metaphase is a stage during the process of cell division (mitosis or
meiosis). Normally, the chromosomes are scattered throughout the nucleus of the cell.
19. Mitosis: Process by which a single parent cell divides to produce two daughter cells.
Each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes from the parent cell. This
process allows the body to grow and replace cells.
20. Mutation: A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can
occur from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or
viral infection.
21. Prokaryote: In biology, prokaryote or prokaryote is the superkingdom or domain that
includes microorganisms made up of prokaryotic cells, that is, cells that have DNA
dispersed in the cytoplasm, since there is no cell nucleus.
22. Prophase: It is the first phase of mitosis and meiosis. It produces the condensation of
all the genetic material (DNA) -which normally exists in the form of condensed
 chromatin within a highly ordered structure called chromosome- and the bipolar
development of the spindle.
23. Sexual reproduction: Form of reproduction obtained by the union of a male and a
female sexual cell or by the development of a fertilized egg.
24. Stem cell: Stem cells are the body's raw material; from them all other cells with
specialized functions are generated. Under the right conditions in the body or in a
laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells.
25. Telophase: It is the fourth and final phase of cell mitosis. It is the reversal of the
processes that took place during prophase and prometaphase.