Name: Manas Sharma Roll No- 21UEC085

Aim: To analyze and study the time response of RC and RL circuits.

Integrator Circuit – AC 10V PEAK

Calculation:
 Simulation Screenshot

Input Frequency (Hz) Theoretical value of τ Experimental value of τ Error (%)

500Hz (Square wave, 0-10 Volt) 100 96.7 3.3
1591Hz (Square wave, 0-10 Volt) 100 99.8 0.2
4KHz (Square wave, 0-10 Volt) 10-4 1.14 * 10-4 14

Differentiator Circuit – AC 10V PEAK

1.2

Calculation
Simulation screenshot-

Input Frequency (Hz) Theoretical value of τ Experimental value of τ Error (%)

500Hz (Square wave, 0-10 Volt) 10-4 0.97*10-4 3

1591Hz (Square wave, 0-10 Volt) 10-4 1.02 *10-4 2
4KHz (Square wave, 0-10 Volt) 10-4 10-4 0
1.3
Calculations =
 Simulation screenshot=

Input Frequency (Hz) Theoretical value of τ Experimental value of τ Error (%)

5k 10 12.7 2.1

1591 10 10.5 4.7

40k 10-5 0.36 36

Conclusions: This practical practice helps us to understand:

○ Making of a circuit with circuit elements.

○ Behavior of a signal passing through an RC circuit.

○ Time constant and its usefulness.

○ Voltage and current measurement with CRO.

Precautions:

1. Always connect Vcc to positive rail and GND to the negative rail in the breadboard.

2. Do not short positive and negative terminal each other.

3. The observation should be taken properly.

4. If possible draw the waveform on plain paper/ rough notebook with time and voltages.