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CHAPTER-11 Challenges and Teacher Resilience: The New Normal Classroom

Instruction Using Social Media in Philippine Context

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CHAPTER-11

Challenges and Teacher Resilience: The New

Normal Classroom Instruction Using Social
Media in Philippine Context
Jayson L. de Vera
Research Scholar, Philippine Normal University
Taft Avenue, Corner Ayala Boulevard Manila, Philippines

Abstract: The world, as we know it, has changed over a short period of time, with the rise and

is to assess the Challenges and Teacher Resilience based from self-reflections in the New Normal
classroom instruction using social media in Philippine context. The study want to explore the
reflection of teachers using narrative research approach. The study wants to know how teachers’
view the reality in spite of this pandemic, and narrative researchers gather these stories and compose
experiential narratives that will give us a view of the current situation of our learners, teachers and
the country as a whole. Respondents were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data
were collected from the teachers’ written reflection guided by three main constructs used as guide
question. The results of the study can be summarized by the acronym “BRIGHT”. Build resilience to
overcome the challenge of new normal; Resourcefulness in time of pandemic; Innovate to produce
interactive and effective instructions; Goal oriented; Hone skills in various teacher preparations
that will show flexibility and authenticity; and Technology assisted learning environment through
the use of social media. This article, a revolutionary of its kind, it provides consequences that can
be welcomed as we step through the new normal of having streamlined online teaching experience

Keywords: Challenges, Instruction, Self-Reflections, Social Media, and Teacher Resilience

Introduction

emphasized the critical role of the curriculum in promoting quality learning and in
the articulation and promotion of comprehensive development-relevant education. In
this we assume that the curriculum is crucial in the realization of SDG 4, given its
important role in providing quality learning for all children and young people, and
in articulating and promoting education related to holistic learning (Stabback, 2016).
The Department of Education is facing big challenges when it comes to the quality of

countries around the world, transformative learning environment has become a major
 84 Social Media: Leisure, Health and Education

challenge for the global educational community (International Institute for Educational
Planning (IIEP) UNESCO, 2020). As Audrey Azoulay, UNESCO Director General has
mentioned:
“We are entering uncharted territory and working with countries to find hi-tech,
low-tech and no-tech solutions to assure the continuity of learning.”
In the Philippines, to support to the teachers’ capacity building and equipping

(BE-LCP) that aims to demonstrate resilience in countering to adversities and upholding

its duties and responsibilities (Department of Education, 2020). Train teachers to assess
children and recognize those who are experiencing specific difficulties as they return
to school (International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) UNESCO, 2020).
The creativity of teachers in providing means in order to teach students located in far
flung areas were internet is limited with the used of free data and Facebook exhaust
all personal and contextual resources. Along with the use of particular strategies that
contribute to the resiliency, wellbeing, emotions and motivation to work and exert all
possible effort are necessary (Mansfield, Beltman, Broadley & Weatherby-Fell, 2016).
The availability of resources was considered as number one factor and consideration

2012). Learning management system (LMS) is readily available but unfortunately it

is expensive and only feasible provided that you have reliable internet source. Since
Facebook is affordable and can easily be access using small amount of data and
internet connection, this study explore the teachers perspective in using the platform
in this coming school year. Based from complexity of the different features of different
LMS, facebook is considered as easy to use and everyone is familiar with it. Based on
the study conducted by Promnitz-Hayashi (2011), Tasks using a social media platform,
such as Facebook, may put control into the hands of the students for studying. It can
not only produce enthusiasm but also enhance social interactions of students outside
the classroom. Facebook helped a less language-savvy class feel more comfortable
engaging in online forums, offering their thoughts and forming deeper relationships
with their classmates (Dalsgaard, 2014).
According to Gordon (2014), Flexible learning aims at giving students flexibility
in the duration, location and style of their learning, and all three dimensions can be
supported and encouraged by effective pedagogical practice, which can be facilitated
and improved by e-learning itself. This method can be applied in school or at home.
The use of technology can lead to variety of approaches based on mode of delivery

depends on the essence of the learning tasks and the devices’ technological features
and limitations. Bao (2020) stipulated in his study the following key points in order to
 Challenges and Teacher Resilience: The New Normal Classroom Instruction 85

address the needs of the current state of education: (a) High correlation between online
education design and learning for students; (b) Active online distribution of instructive
information; (c) Suitable assistance given to the students by teachers; (d) High-
quality engagement to enhance student learning experience and complexity; and (e)
Contingency protocol in addressing unforeseen online educational service occurrences.
Students may have different perspective on the use of online platforms depending
on the activities presented by the teacher, age, and level of educational experiences

are necessary in order to survive in this time of crisis. A learner centered approach that
will promote a learning environment with collaboration and knowledge sharing (Ryan
& Tilbury, 2013). Our education system needs to empower learners to promote self-

learning is not something that is being given but instead something that is “being done

that new knowledge is constructed from learner’s experiences through the process
of assimilation and accommodation as derived from the idea of biology’s concept of

experience which is being incorporated into an already existing idea or framework

without changing that idea or framework. Accommodation on the other hand is a process
by which a learner’s mental representation of the world suitable to new experiences.
Accommodation and assimilation processes should achieve “cognitive equilibrium”
which is sets of “mental models” for experiences called “schema” (Kalpana, 2014).
During the process of knowledge construction, learners tend to generate their own
“mental models” which gives meaning to their experiences.
The Piagetian theory of constructivism emphasis is on learning and development
which according to Vygotsky cannot be fully achieved without the aid of “social

in Vygotsky’s theory that it is not necessary to say that individual construct idea
solely without having “cultural or negotiated artifact” generated through collaboration
with others. Vygotsky’s “zone of proximal development” explained the significant
difference of child’s reasoning working alone versus reasoning working with an

transformation in learning and development while Vygostky is more of learning and

development which are essentially tied to communicative interactions with others.
These claims have critically challenged the role of teachers in the learning process
from identifying the prior knowledge of the students, processing of prior knowledge
through learning activities and assessments, and eventually guiding the students in
the development of new knowledge through their learning outcomes. Fernando and

knowledge and teacher’s role as facilitator is very essential.

 86 Social Media: Leisure, Health and Education

The health problem does not only affect our economy but also the delivery of
quality education. Teachers are not exempted with the stress and workloads in
response with the preparation on homeschooling. Rather, it was considered to be
closely correlated with their regular ability to maintain their educational goals and to
handle effectively the unavoidable difficulties inherent in the teacher profession (Gu
& Day, 2013). DepEd initiatives, learning continuity plan and consistent policies can
create positive atmosphere that will contribute to teachers’ capacity to become resilient
in times of pandemic (Beltman, Mansfield & Price, 2011). In response to the needs of
the teachers, this study wants to explore the different challenges in the new normal
related to learning delivery, teacher initiative, innovation and preparation based from
the reflection and perspective of the respondents. Exploring the different positive and
negative feedback that might encounter in using facebook as LMS in facilitating of
learning in the future.

Objectives of the Study

The primary purpose of this study is to assess the Challenges and Teacher Resiliency
based from self-reflections in The New Normal Classroom Instruction Using Social
Media in Philippine Context. Specifically, the following key goals are included:
1. Identify different reflective actions on how to become an effective teacher in
a new normal mode of learning
2. To know the teacher initiative, preparation and innovative strategy in teaching
the new normal setting based from their perspective; and
3. Explore the different challenges in using Facebook as a learning management
system.

Methodology
The study wanted to explore the reflection of teachers using narrative research approach.
Narrative study is increasingly being used in educational practice and experience
studies, primarily because teachers, like all other human beings, are storytellers who

narrative research is the study of how humans view the reality, and narrative researchers
gather these stories and compose experiential narratives (Gudmundsdóttir, 2001). The
new normal brought about by pandemic give the world a new experience. The Filipino
teachers specifically, are not prepared in facing the new way of schooling.
Semi-structured questionnaires were used in gathering the teachers’ reflection.
This is done to serve as guide to the specific idea that the research wants to identify.
There were 20 respondents who were selected using a convenience sampling method.
The qualitative data were collected and analyzed using thematic coding. The Semi-
 Challenges and Teacher Resilience: The New Normal Classroom Instruction 87

(1) what makes an effective teacher in a new normal mode of learning? (2) What is
your plan as a teacher? Are you willing to innovate your teaching strategy? How? And
(3) what are the challenges in using Facebook as a learning management system in
classroom instruction?

Results and Discussion

1. Reflective Actions on How to Become an Effective Teacher in a New Normal
Mode of Learning.

high-quality teachers largely rely on the quality of teacher education programs (Flores,
2016). Rethinking what we consider to be effective teaching and how we facilitate it,
is an integral part of ensuring students receive a quality education. It is assumed, that
teachers and the actions they take in the classroom fundamentally impact students
and what they learn. PISA 2018 results reveal that teachers are having difficulties in
designing performance task and authentic problem-solving activities. Teachers give
too many computation tasks and not enough experience in real-life problem-solving.
Poor knowledge on student centered teaching strategy fall to misinterpretation of the

The following are based from the reflections of the teacher respondents of the
study. The following statements describe their ideal concept of effective teacher today.
1. Technology Adept: An effective teacher should first be adequately equipped
with skills and trainings that are relevant to the New Normal mode of
instruction. He should be able to utilize these skills to educate the students
and make real-time assessment. For example, he/she can utilize Google Meet
instead of face-to-face classroom instructions. The teacher can also provide
learning modules and exercises that students can do at their own pace and
submitted online.
2. Reflective: Teaching in the ‘New Normal’ is a very challenging one especially to
a teacher like me who has very little knowledge in the use of new technologies.
However, as a teacher it is my duty to be effective and efficient teacher by
equipping myself with new learning on the manipulation of computer and be
a reflective thinker. Reflective thinking are empathy, being adaptive to the
situation and being flexible in order to convey to the pupils the learning we
want them to achieve.
3. Willingness: An effective teacher in a new normal mode of learning is one
that is willing and able to learn new skills in teaching as well as tools that can
help him/her in delivering his/her lessons in the different modalities that will
88 Social Media: Leisure, Health and Education

be used during the conduct of instruction/classes. Another thing is that the

teacher may have to make many sacrifices with regards to time devoted to
making lessons whether online or offline.
4. Flexible: A teacher is considered as the second parent of a child. He or she
is in-charge of imparting not only knowledge but also good behaviors at
school. During this pandemic time, we are now living in what we call a “New
Normal” world. In a “New Normal” setting, a teacher will be effective when
he or she still considers more student-centered strategies and activities. Not all
students are capable of all the materials that will be used in a “New Normal”
setting therefore the teacher must adjust to their pacing to the child but not
compensating the lessons or discussions. The teacher must always be flexible.
5. 21st Century Learner: An effective teacher can communicate to the students
in a modern way. Teachers who are using technology properly. And effective
teacher who are not focus/base on the paper-pencil test. They allowed their
students to discover their own intelligence.
6. Innovative: A teacher must cope up in any situation she will experience.
She must be an innovative one in order to cope up with the changes in the
environment. A teacher must think strategies on how to be an effective educator
in a new normal mode of learning. For example she will use an online platform
in order to discuss her lesson. Give activities in which students can do activity
in allotted time given.
7. Strategic Planner: A teacher is proven to be effective when they are able to
plan out their lessons properly, from creation of the lesson, to its delivery to
the pupils. When a lesson is planned strategically, you get to incorporate more
valuable and real life experiences on the way to the point where it could be
applied by the child in their present situation/s.
8. Sympathetic: Must have a strong connection and concern in our students. We
should be warm, caring and accessible in this time. For example, even we have
this pandemic, we must think of creative ways on how we can reach students
in some remote areas.
9. Open to Ideas: Being an effective teacher must to acquire all of the
breakthroughs and learning. That will aid in the teaching and learning
process. As a teacher we should not stop learning and utilize what is new for
the betterment of the process. We can utilize the technology to apply all of
the learning to the students. By introducing them to a new environment and
process of learning some of their skills will boost. We must go with the flow
of technology and embrace it because it will be a new normal.
 Challenges and Teacher Resilience: The New Normal Classroom Instruction 89

10. Resourcefulness: Effective teachers in a New Normal mode of learning

are teachers who can deliver their topics in a way where the students can
understand it regardless if it is an online learning or face to face learning.
Also, these teachers consider learning new techniques and ways to give their
students more exciting activities. For example, a Math teacher teaches his/
her students apps that can be used in Mathematics like geogebra, Microsoft
solver, photo math and many more. These apps may seem cheating apps where
students can get answers without learning the process but actually, teachers
should just think of activities where students can freely use these apps and
learn how to solve at the same. Teachers can also use YouTube or other internet
sites to make more exciting activities.
Broadly speaking, teacher preparation has been regarded as a paradoxical panacea
for improving school curriculum and teaching and learning, while at the same time
being exposed to critiques that call into question its efficacy in training high-quality
teachers for the 21st century (Flores, 2016). Refining teaching and learning requires
Investment in high-quality collective teacher education with comprehensive proven
expertise and training (Darling-Hammond, 2013).

2. Teacher Initiative, Preparation and Innovative Strategy in Teaching the

New Normal Setting Based from their Perspective. A Story of Resilience from
Teachers’ Reelection
The flexibility of teachers in accepting their weaknesses and follow up with their
evaluation results (Alcantara, Enrique & Pangilinan, 2018) and skill for reflection
and self-analysis (Griffith, 2016) are both necessary to come up with professional
development plan that is fitted to their capacities and needs. Even classroom management
and discipline matters inside the classroom are very important to address. Difficulty in
Classroom management and discipline due to lack of practice and exposure to actual

The following are the Teacher ingenuity, Preparation and Inventive strategy in
teaching the new normal setting based from their perspective.
1. As a teacher, I see the need to innovate my teaching strategy to keep abreast
with not just technology but with the lifestyle and culture of today’s learner, to
speak their language for short. I plan to learn more skills and undergo trainings
on areas that are relevant to my subject. I also recognize the importance of
knowing my students so I could communicate more effectively with them.
I plan to be more collaborative in my instructions and use whatever useful
current media is popular with students. I also plan to gather resources that are
useful to the subject matter while also encouraging students to do the same.
Teachers don’t have the monopoly of knowledge. Teachers and students can
learn from each other.
90 Social Media: Leisure, Health and Education

2. I have been teaching for 24 years and I must admit I am not as good as the
millennial teachers nowadays when it comes to modern technologies, but I am
very much willing to innovate my teaching strategies especially today that we
are facing a problem due to a pandemic that we are experiencing for the safety
of the learners and the frontliners of education, the teachers. I know this is a
challenge for me because I am not so knowledgeable when it comes to modern
technologies but I am 100% willing to adopt the New Normal that is why I am
attending online seminars related to distance learning given by the different
groups using social media.
3. I plan to transform my teaching strategy by incorporating both Synchronous
and Asynchronous learning methods as well as the using technology in aiding
the creation and delivery of the lessons to my pupils who are in the safety of
their home. I plan to further involve the parents of my pupils when it comes to
the education of their children. This can help deepen the bonds between parent
and child. It will also be a positive experience in the overall learning process
of the child for he/she is being guided by the closest members of the family. I
believe that learning is not limited to only within the walls of the classroom.
Learning can take place anywhere, anytime, and no matter what the situation
people are in.
4. In this New Normal, my plan as a teacher is to innovate teaching strategy in
different ways. How? First is by engaging myself to deal with the delivery
mode wherein we must dwell and deal to the demand nowadays which is
related to the internet access. I am willing to share my expertise to the students
in such mode where we can safeguard the safety on each learner. I will apply
those learning in the webinars to put in an action that deals with the modes
of teaching. I am willing to innovate my instructional materials, modules and
plans that can be accessed by the students for their learning.

about facing the New Normal from the Traditional one. I have this fear on
how I will become an effective grade I teacher in this pandemic situations.
But it also challenge me to embrace this kind of situation in teaching. And
for that I am very much willing to innovate my teaching strategies, I want
to be prepared, well equipped,to taste the transformation and the tech tools
of the 21st pedagogy. Attending series of webinars like this makes me feel
well informed and learned new knowledge,strategies in preparing myself on
the online and virtual classroom setting.It widen my understanding on every
detail of it. Exploring my self to tried what I’ve learned and think of creative
ways on how I will become an effective teacher in amidst of this pandemic.
 Challenges and Teacher Resilience: The New Normal Classroom Instruction 91

“what people think, believe and feel affects how they behave”. Bandura believed
that experience and abilities are not adequate to predict ability to perform, but an
individual’s expectations about their ability to perform a task and what they anticipate
to be the outcome of their success may determine conduct.
Lastly, reflecting on one’s methods of teaching either personally or collaboratively
helps not only recognize deficiencies and challenges but also test concepts and
strategies to find appropriate approaches, fix the shortcomings and develop teaching
skills and practice. Reflective teachers are able see lapses on students’ assessment,
outcomes, addressing the misconceptions and giving feedback.

3. The Pros and Cons of Using Facebook in Crafting Future Learning Space
Undeniably, Facebook becomes part of our lives. And we benefited a lot from this
platform by means of communication, business, education, and mass media.

3.1 The Following are some of the Pros based from the Reflections of Teachers
Specific features are useful in facebook, there is a potential that it can be used as
educational platform. It is also highly suggested to innovate more applications that
can be adopted in the future for more convenient learning environment (Ractham,
Kaewkitipong & Firpo, 2012). Some research concluded that the use of social media
as an instructional method helps students achieve better academic results, higher
commitment and greater satisfaction with the experience of learning (Wang, Lin, Yu &

(2014) also presents results from the research that show the widespread use of facebook
pages by students in supporting each other with all kinds of school-related problems,
including specific issues related to academic subjects.
i. It is the easiest and most accessible way of delivering learning to most learners
and teacher as well. Considering the fact that social media is the easiest and
fastest medium to cater information in this time of pandemic.
ii. This social media platform only requires low bandwidth, this refers to the
amount of internet that the interface used during the duration of class hours.
iii. There are already existing and updated educational features presented such as
messenger room.
iv. Everyone is familiar with the different features of facebook, even the old ones
knows how to use this social media platform.
v. There is an age restriction and security measures that can be program to protect
the user.
vi. You can personalized and monitor the group thread, and as admin you can
remove and restrict foul words during the discussion.
 92 Social Media: Leisure, Health and Education

Facebook become a good determinant of self-efficacy and motivation to reach out

other people or classmates. The concentration on usage of social platform did not take
into account either positive or negative collaboration, suggesting that their propensity
to collaborate was affected by how did the students use the app, instead of how much
they used the tool or how important it was (Lampe, Wohn, Vitak, Ellison & Wash, 2011;
Gachago & Ivala, 2012). In some aspect, it is justified in the findings of Lim (2010),
that it can be also used in distance learning and may result to meaningful academic
discussions (McCarthy, 2013). It is one of the major aims of the study, in relation to the
needs of the students to have a supportive learning environment. Findings also reveal
that this kind of user interface helps teachers do several online classroom activities
that are not feasible in schools. Educators are persuaded that this environment not
only helps students develop their good teamwork but also their academic skills (Bicen
& Uzunboylu, 2013). It can also help in problem based learning strategy in both
asynchronous and synchronous activities (Kultawanich, 2011).

3.2 These are the Cons based from Data Gathered

Based on the findings of Hew (2011), Facebook has no major use in educational
purposes; instead it only served as communication to keep connected to an individual.
Sharing of personal information share a risk related to data privacy. It is informal way
of lesson delivery (Prescott, Wilson, & Becket, 2013; Fewkes & McCabe, 2012; Baran,
2010). The following statements are from the self-reflections of the respondents:
i. Internet Traffic: Facebook is one of the most commonly used social platform,
and more user means internet traffic.
ii. Facebook are lurks with fake news and information. Identity theft is also
possible in this platform. Unfiltered disinformation might become or
transformed into a “believable information”. Some or most of us do not know
how to check the veracity of information. Unfiltered misinformation can
become or become a ‘great knowledge’ item. All of us or most of us cannot
check the truth of the evidence.
iii. The long exposures had become opportunities for digital threads such as cyber
bullying and psychological disorders.
iv. Some videos that can be seen to Facebook when not regulated, can cause
harmful effect students especially the young ones who do not know the right
from wrong. Some advertisements in FB contains topic prohibited for the
younger generation.
v. It could lead to different threats to the learning ability of students since several
factors may intervene with their capacity. These may lead to communication
abuse, exploitation, repudiation, leakage of information, misleading of truths
and more. Hence, Facebook has been at times used irresponsibly.
 Challenges and Teacher Resilience: The New Normal Classroom Instruction 93

vi. The issue on Privacy by signing in at Facebook you is aware that some of
your information will be made public and sometimes, your where-about will

make sure that you were able to do necessary set up in your Facebook settings.
vii. Sometimes students cannot focus in the activities given to them because they
are distracted by the notifications that pop up in their FB or they are tempted
to read the news feed in their fb.
viii. Too Dynamic: Facebook is too dynamic. Any person from all over the world
can freely post something on this platform. And the kids nowadays, are so
curious about things on social media. This curiosity might cause distraction
on the focus of the students’ learning. Thus, makes Facebook a not so suitable
learning management system.
ix. The legitimacy of the account or Poser Account: As teachers who are not well
verse in technology, identifying the legitimacy of the account is hard. There
are students who will take advantage of this weakness so that they can still be
in the learning group even if it is not their real account.
x. Students may be easily distracted during discussion aside from that Facebook
may be used as gaming application, marketplace or viewing multimedia
content which are not appropriate to the level of maturity of young learners. It
can open doors for cyber bullying, identity theft, online gambling, and market
fraud that can cause self-isolation, humiliation and trauma. Students may also
use this social media to deceit their parents who can easily say that they are
waiting to their teacher’s assignment or activity post but the truth is they are
not using Facebook in educational purpose.

Conclusions
At the end of this paper, the challenges and teachers’ resilience in facing this
unexpected disaster brought about by pandemic truly were able to give way another
milestone in our life. The realization that we still need to learn new things, developed
our competencies, and look forward to a positive outcomes bring us the strength to
push through. Therefore, it is right to say that we have “Bright” future ahead. Build
resilience to overcome the challenge of new normal; Resourcefulness in time of
pandemic; Innovate to produce interactive and effective instructions; Goal oriented;
Hone skills in various teacher preparations that will show flexibility and authenticity;
and Technology assisted learning environment through the use of social media.
1. Build resilience to overcome the challenge of new normal by re-evaluating
our own practice, improving our competencies, and think positively.
 94 Social Media: Leisure, Health and Education

2. Resourcefulness in time of pandemic and being creative in designing task,

materials, and maximizing our capacity by involving our learners in the process
of making possible solutions. Go deep with their experiences, background
knowledge and culture.
3. Innovate to produce interactive and effective instructions based from
assessment and data available.
4. Goal oriented and evidence based decision making. Setting your target will
give you the directions and alignment on your daily task.

mission and vision of the institution.

6. Technology assisted learning environment through the use of social media.
Considering both the potential opportunities and challenges in using Facebook
as an educational tool with define roles for teachers and students and clear
from possible destructions. Programmed monitoring and reliable assessment
tools for learning validation successful transfer of knowledge.

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