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British Standard: A Single Copy of This British Standard Is Licensed To
British Standard: A Single Copy of This British Standard Is Licensed To
British Standard
Simple unfired
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
pressure vessels
designed to contain air
or nitrogen —
Part 3: Steel pressure vessels designed
for air braking equipment and auxiliary
pneumatic equipment for railway
rolling stock
UDC 621.642.02-98:629.8:620.1
BS EN 286-3:1995
Cooperating organizations
Contents
Page
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© BSI 03-2000 i
BS EN 286-3:1995
National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Pressure
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 52, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.
ii © BSI 03-2000
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 286-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 1994
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
UDC 621.642.02-98:629.8:620.1
Descriptors: Railway rolling stock, pneumatic equipment, pneumatic brakes, pressure vessels, unalloyed steels, grades: quality, welded
joints, computation, design, production control, tests, assembling, certification
English version
Récipients à pression simple, non soumis à la Einfache unbefeuerte Druckbehälter für Luft
flamme, destinés à contenir de l’air ou de oder Stickstoff — Teil 3: Druckbehälter aus
l’azote — Partie 3: Récipients à pression en Stahl für Druckluftbremsanlagen und
acier destinés aux équipements pneumatiques pneumatische Hilfseinrichtungen in
de freinage et aux équipements pneumatiques Schienenfahrzeugen
auxiliaires du matériel roulant ferroviaire
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
Foreword Contents
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2 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
Page Page
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4blank
EN 286-3:1994
1 Scope
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1.1 This Part of this European Standard is applicable to simple unfired steel pressure vessels, referred to
as “vessel” in this standard, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for
railway rolling stock (see 1.6).
It defines three types of vessel A, B and C (see Table 1) corresponding to the current practice of European
railway networks.
1.2 The vessels to this standard are:
a) made from a single shell;
b) made from non-alloy steel;
c) fabricated by welding;
d) used at a maximum working pressure of 10 bar;
e) the product of the maximum working pressure (in bar) and the volume (in litre):
50 bar litres < PV k 10 000 bar litres;
f) made of a cylindrical part of circular cross-section called the shell with two outwardly dished
torispherical ends, that is two dished ends with the same axis of rotation. This standard therefore does
not apply to vessels with one or two flat ends or those made up of several compartments;
g) calculated with a design pressure P (see 5.1.4.1.2);
h) designed for a working temperature of between – 40 °C and + 100 °C;
i) fastened to the vehicles:
1) by straps for types A and B vessels;
2) by welded brackets for types B and C vessels.
1.3 In normal service, a momentary overpressure of 1 bar of the maximum working pressure is
permitted (10 % of PS).
1.4 This Part of this European Standard applies to the vessel proper, from the inlet connection to the outlet
connection and to all other connections and fittings belonging to the vessel.
1.5 This Part of this European Standard gives the requirements to be met for the calculation, design,
fabrication, inspection during fabrication and certification of the vessel, and fittings for assembly to the
vehicle.
These requirements cannot be written in sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship or proper
construction. Each manufacturer is therefore responsible for taking every necessary step to make sure that
the quality of workmanship and construction is such as to ensure compliance with good engineering
practice.
This Part of this standard gives:
a) in Annex F, recommendations for assembly to the vehicles;
b) in Annex G, recommendations for the service surveillance of type A vessels;
c) in Annex H, recommendations for the service surveillance of types B and C vessels.
1.6 The requirements of this Part of this European Standard apply to vessels designed to be fitted to rail
vehicles used on the main national networks, urban networks, underground railways, trams, private
networks (regional railways, company railways, ...).
© BSI 03-2000 5
EN 286-3:1994
Reference
Criterion Type A Type B Type C clause in this
standard
Nominal design stress 0,6ReT or 0,6ReT or 5.1.4.1
f 0,3Rm 0,3Rm
0,3Rm/1,4 with 5.1.4.2
Rm k 360 N/mm2
Radii of curvature of R = Do R = Do 5.1.3.1.1
the end r = 0,1Do r = 0,1Do
R = Do 5.1.3.1.2
r > 0,06Do
Shell ring/end Butt weld or swaged Butt weld or swaged 5.1.5.2.1
assembly end. Full penetration end. Full penetration
weld weld
Inserted end 5.1.5.2.2
Thread of inspection, ISO 228-1 ISO 7-1 ISO 7-1 5.2.1
branch and drainage ISO 261 ISO 228-1 ISO 228-1
boss
ISO 261 ISO 261
Weld of drainage boss Full penetration weld Full penetration Full penetration weld 5.2.4.2
of the vessel wall for weld of the vessel of the vessel wall for
penetrating boss wall for penetrating penetrating boss.
boss. Convex weld Convex weld for
for surface mounted surface mounted boss
boss
Method of fixing to Fixing by steel straps Fixing by straps or Fixing by welded Annex F
the vehicle welded brackets brackets
Service surveillance Annex G Annex H Annex H
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 287-1, Approval testing of welders — fusion welding — Part 1: Steels.
EN 288-1, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 1: General rules
for fusion welding.
EN 288-2, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 2: Welding
procedure specification for arc welding.
EN 288-3, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 3: Welding
procedure tests for the arc welding of steels.
EN 10025, Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels — Technical delivery conditions.
EN 10045-1, Metallic materials — Charpy impact test — Part 1: Test method.
EN 10207, Steels for simple pressure vessels — Technical delivery requirements for plates, strips and bars.
EN 26520, Classification of imperfections in metallic fusion welds, with explanations.
ISO 7-1, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads — Part 1: Designation,
dimensions and tolerances.
ISO 228-1, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads — Part 1: Designation,
dimensions and tolerances.
6 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
ISO 261, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — General plan.
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ISO 1101, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and
run-out — Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings.
ISO 1106-1, Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints — Part 1: Fusion
welded butt joints in steel plates up to 50 mm thick.
ISO 1106-3, Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints — Part 3: Fusion
welded circumferential joints in steel pipes of up to 50 mm wall thickness.
ISO 5173, Fusion welded butt joints in steel — Transverse root and face bend test.
3 Symbols
For the purpose of this standard, the following symbols apply:
A Elongation at rupture %
Afb Cross sectional area effective as compensation of the boss mm2
Afp Cross sectional area effective as compensation of the reinforcing plate mm2
Afs Cross sectional area effective as compensation of the shell mm2
Ap Area of the pressurized zone mm2
c Absolute value of the minus rolling tolerance for sheets as quoted in the standard mm
Do Outside diameter of the shell of the vessel mm
dib Internal diameter of the boss mm
dob Outside diameter of the boss mm
e Nominal wall thickness mm
ec Calculated thickness mm
ech Calculated thickness of the end mm
ecs Calculated thickness of the shell mm
eh Nominal thickness of the end mm
erb Wall thickness of the boss contributing to reinforcement mm
erp Wall thickness of the reinforcing plate contributing to reinforcement mm
ers Wall thickness of the shell contributing to reinforcement mm
f Nominal design stress at the design temperature N/mm2
fb Permitted stress of the boss N/mm2
g Throat thickness of a weld mm
h External height of the dished part of an end (see Figure 4) mm
h1 External height of the cylindrical part of the end (see Figure 4) mm
h2 Internal height of a dished part of the end (see Figure 4) mm
Kc Design coefficient which is a function of the welding process —
Kv Impact energy at break (V-notch test piece) J
L Total length of the vessel mm
L1 Distance between the axis of a drainage opening and the end of the vessel mm
lrb Length of the boss contributing to reinforcement mm
lrbi Length of inward projecting boss contributing to reinforcement mm
lrp Length of the reinforcing plate contributing to reinforcement, measured along the mm
mid-surface
lrs Length of the shell contributing to reinforcement, measured along the mid-surface mm
© BSI 03-2000 7
EN 286-3:1994
P Design pressurea which is a function of the maximum working pressure, the welding bar
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4 Materials
4.1 Pressurized parts
4.1.1 Shell and ends
The shell and ends shall be made of steel sheet grade SPH 235 or SPH 265 as specified in EN 10207.
These steels shall be accompanied by a test report drawn up by the material manufacturer.
The mean value of energy absorbed at break Kv determined on three longitudinal test pieces shall be at
least 28 J at the minimum working temperature Tmin.
This essential safety requirement may be met as follows:
a) For types A, B and C vessels
— by carrying out impact bending tests at the minimum temperature of – 40 °C, at the responsibility
of the material manufacturer;
— or by using steels for which the appropriate guarantee of energy absorbed at break at the minimum
temperature of – 40 °C is given by a particular standard;
— or at a temperature T* equal to or less than that obtained by extrapolation using the graph
from Figure 1.
Examples of use:
— example no. 1: if e = 10 mm and T* = – 10 °C, Tmin – 35 °C;
— example no. 2: if T* = – 20 °C and Tmin = – 40 °C, emax = 12,7 mm.
b) For type B vessels only
By ensuring that brittle fracture does not occur at the minimum service temperature – 40 °C, using the
fracture mechanics theory through the use of a recognized standard or code and by applying knowledge
of the physical and metallurgical properties at the temperature T of a steel defined in a specific standard,
whilst taking into account the stresses (primary and secondary stresses) and the thickness of the
materials of the vessel.
4.1.2 Inspection bosses, pipe connection branches and drainage bosses
The bosses shall be manufactured from bar or tube of a steel grade compatible with the grades of steel sheet
comprising the vessel and shall be of weldable quality. The product analysis of this steel shall meet the
following requirements:
— Rm < 580 N/mm2;
— C < 0,25 %, S < 0,05 % and P < 0,05 %.
8 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
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5 Design
5.1 Shell and ends
5.1.1 General
The vessels are of simple geometrical form, composed of a cylindrical body of circular cross-section and two
outwardly dished torispherical ends.
The design of the vessels shall take into account the installation and maintenance conditions. The
installation and maintenance conditions shall be given by the manufacturer or the user (see clause 13).
NOTE Examples of installation and maintenance requirements are given in informative Annex F, Annex G and Annex H.
5.1.2 Design of the shell
Shells are generally made from a single sheet. If the shell is made of several welded parts, the number of
circular welds shall be kept to a minimum.
Longitudinal weld seams of parts of the shell shall:
— not be located on the lower part of the vessel defined by an angle of 30° on either side of the vertical
axis (see Figure 2);
— be sufficiently far apart such as to form an angle greater than 40° (see example in Figure 3).
All welds, even of a temporary nature, located outside the designed seams are prohibited.
© BSI 03-2000 9
EN 286-3:1994
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10 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
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eh 3 4 5 6 8 10 11 12
h1min 12 16 20 24 32 40 44 48
h1max 25 40 50 55
© BSI 03-2000 11
EN 286-3:1994
The nominal design stress f shall not be greater than the smaller of the values: 0,6ReT and 0,3Rm.
The values of ReT and Rm are stated in the material standard. For steels for which ReT is not guaranteed
at 100 °C, the stress f is taken as equal to 0,6ReT × 0,9.
The values of P and Kc to be taken into account are:
a) case no. 1: P U PS and Kc = 1 for automatic welding and when tests are carried out in accordance
with 11.1.2.1;
b) case no. 2: P U 1,25PS and Kc = 1 for automatic welding and when tests are carried out in accordance
with 11.1.2.2;
c) case no. 3: P U 1,25PS and Kc = 1,15 for welding by a non-automatic process and when tests are carried
out in accordance with 11.1.1.
5.1.4.1.3 Calculation of the thickness of the ends ech
The end thickness shall be calculated in the following manner.
a) Calculate the value of P/(10f). For the value of f see 5.1.4.1.2.
b) Calculate he/Do with he the smaller of the three values:
where:
ech = ecs;
12 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
0,3Rm = 108;
0,6ReT = 141.
Therefore P/10f = 10/(10 × 108) = 0,00926
Calculate he/Do with he = smallest of 3 values:
a) h = eh + Do –
b)
c)
© BSI 03-2000 13
EN 286-3:1994
The thickness of the ends ech is obtained by applying the method described in 5.1.4.1.3.
However:
— the value of the nominal design stress f is taken as equal to 0,3Rm/1,4;
— the rupture strength of the steel used Rm is equal to or less than 360 N/mm2.
The value of ech shall comply with the requirement:
0,002Do k ech k 0,08Do.
14 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
Figure 8a
Figure 8b
Figure 8 — Butt welds with centre lines offset and connecting slope
© BSI 03-2000 15
EN 286-3:1994
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NOTE The joint shown in Figure 10 is only applicable to vessels comprising a shell without a longitudinal weld or two welded ends.
Figure 10 — Weld of the shell ring with necked edge to an end
(1) The permitted gap between the internal diameter of the shell and the external diameter of the end is:
a) < 0,25 mm over at least 270°;
b) k 1 m over not more than 90°.
Figure 11 — Weld of an inserted end (type B only)
16 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
5.2 Openings
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5.2.1 General
5.2.1.1 Types A, B and C vessels
Inspection bosses, pipe connection branches and drainage bosses are cylindrical parts comprising an
internal pipe thread complying with ISO 228-1 or an ISO metric thread in accordance with ISO 261.
The permitted shapes and welding are defined in 5.2.4.1 and 5.2.4.2
The minimum number, dimensions and location on the vessel are defined in clause 6.
The wall thickness of bosses shall not be less than 1,5 times the thickness of the sheet to which they are
welded.
5.2.1.2 Types B and C vessels
Inspection bosses, pipe connection branches and drainage bosses are cylindrical parts which may comprise
an internal pipe thread where a pressure-type joint is made on the thread Rp in accordance with ISO 7-1.
5.2.2 Holes for bosses
Where the diameter of the hole in the wall is greater than 75 mm, a reinforcement calculation is necessary
in accordance with the method described in 5.2.3.
Where holes require reinforcement, the distance that they are to be apart is defined in 5.2.3.1.
The maximum distance between the centre of the dished end and the outer edge of any holes shall not be
greater than 0,4Do (see Figure 12).
Holes in shells and ends should be located as far as possible from welded seams and shall in no case cross
any welded seam.
The distance between any two welds measured from the extremity of the edge preparation shall not be less
than 4 times the actual shell or end thickness with a minimum of 20 mm (see Figure 13a and Figure 13b).
© BSI 03-2000 17
EN 286-3:1994
5.2.3.1 General
The calculation method described in 5.2.3.2 and 5.2.3.3 is applicable to shells and dished ends in which
circular holes are made in compliance with the following conditions and hypotheses.
Reinforcing plates, where used, shall be made from the same material as that of the vessel to which they
are welded.
The distance between openings, measured from the outer face of the reinforcing plates or openings shall
not be less than 2 × lrs where two openings require reinforcement, or lrs where only one of the two openings
requires reinforcement.
(1)
where:
a) Ri = Do/2 – ers for shells;
b) Ri = R for ends.
Reinforcement of the openings is obtained by the use of:
a) recess welded bosses (see Figure 14a and Figure 14b);
b) welded reinforcing plates and recess welded bosses (see Figure 14c).
Adequate reinforcement shall be provided in all planes passing through the axis of the opening.
5.2.3.2 Reinforcement of opening
Only bosses of the “full penetration” type as shown in Figure 14a and Figure 14b may be used.
The length of the boss lrb contributing to the reinforcement, used in equation (3) for determining Afb shall
not be greater than lrs [see equation (2)]:
lrb k lrs (2)
The value of erb used for determining Afb in equation (3) shall not be more than twice ers.
The following condition shall also be complied with:
(3)
where:
a) the areas Ap, Afb, Afs and Afp are determined as shown in Figure 14a, Figure 14b and Figure 14c.
b) the maximum height of the boss (lrb) to be used in the calculation is:
c) the maximum height of the part of the boss (lrbi) inside the vessel, to be used in the calculation is:
lrbi = 0,5lrb
d) the dimensions of the reinforcing plate to be used in the calculation are:
erp k ers and lrp k lrs
18 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
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© BSI 03-2000 19
EN 286-3:1994
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20 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
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© BSI 03-2000 21
EN 286-3:1994
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22 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
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Figure 26 — Dip tube fixed to the upper part of the shell of a horizontal vessel
© BSI 03-2000 23
EN 286-3:1994
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24 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
Fixing brackets of a design different from those shown in Figure 32 and Figure 33 may be used, at the
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
request of the user, provided that they comply with the requirements of this standard.
The welded edges of the brackets or of the reinforcing plate shall not be less than six times the thickness e
of the shell away from any other welds.
Figure 32a
Figure 32b
Figure 32 — Fixing brackets (continued)
© BSI 03-2000 25
EN 286-3:1994
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26 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
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Figure 33a
Figure 33b
Figure 33 — Fixing brackets with reinforcing plates
© BSI 03-2000 27
EN 286-3:1994
NOTE The drainage opening may be located other than in the bottom of the vessel provided that the vessel has a system for
ensuring its complete drainage (see 5.2.4.2.1).
Figure 34 — Location of openings
7 Marking
7.1 General
Vessels complying with this Part of this European Standard shall bear the identification and service marks
given in 7.4.
These marks are stamped either in the metal of the vessel itself or on a plate welded to the vessel wall.
These marks shall be located on the vessel at one of the positions shown in Figure 35.
28 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
The stamps shall not have any sharp edges and the depth of the stamping shall not exceed one tenth of the
wall thickness.
When the marking is on an end, the mark shall be stamped as far as possible away from the theoretical
line of intersection of the knuckle radius and the spherical radius and shall be close to the end base, without
interfering with the weld of the pipe connection branch.
Marking shall be carried out before the ends are welded onto the shell.
The only marks that shall be stamped onto the finished vessel are those given in items 6) and 10) of 7.4.
7.3 Marking stamped on a plate
The dimensions of the marking plate are given in Figure 36.
7.4 Identity and service marks
This marking shall follow the general arrangement shown in Figure 37 or, if necessary, shall be in three
zones (see Figure 35). These marks shall have a minimum height of 5 mm. The dimensions in Figure 37
are given for guidance.
8 Corrosion protection
The vessels shall have internal and external corrosion protection. This protection shall be the subject of an
agreement between the railway customer and the supplier and meet the service surveillance requirements
given in Annex G and Annex H.
The surfaces to be given this protection shall be free of any corrosion, grease or pickling product.
NOTE The location of marking on the shell or an end as shown in Figure 35 is recommended. Other locations may be used on
condition that the marks are positioned horizontally and can be read in the best possible conditions after installation on the vehicle.
Figure 35 — Location of identity and service marks
© BSI 03-2000 29
EN 286-3:1994
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Dimensions in millimetres
(1) The dimensions shall be in line with those of the marking described in 7.4.
Figure 36 — Marking plate
30 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
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Dimensions in millimetres
1) Name or trademark of the manufacturer and place of fabrication. (The arrangement and height of the characters are left to the
discretion of the manufacturer).
2) Year of fabrication.
3) Vessel pattern number and batch identification.
4) Internal volume (in litres).
5) Maximum working pressure (in bars).
6) Mark of compliance with this standard:
— for type A vessels: EN 286-3 – A;
— for type B vessels: EN 286-3 – B;
— for type C vessels: EN 286-3 – C.
The CE mark and the distinguishing number of the approved inspection body and the last 2 digits of the year in which the mark is
affixed.
7) Minimum service temperature Tmin (in °C)
8) Maximum service temperature Tmax (in °C)
9) Name or trademark of the user. Order number allocated by the user.
10) Provision for date (last 2 digits of the year) and inspector’s stamp corresponding to the detailed inspections and tests given
in G.6.
NOTE If the vessel is re-tested, the corresponding marks (data and stamp) should be located next to the existing obligatory marks.
In the case of a plate, it should have a free space for this purpose.
Figure 37 — Identity and service marks
© BSI 03-2000 31
EN 286-3:1994
The following tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer on coupon plates:
a) one face bend test around a mandrel of diameter 2e, through an angle of 180°, according to ISO 5173;
b) one reverse bend test around a mandrel of diameter 2e, through an angle of 180°, according to
ISO 5173;
c) one macro test;
d) impact bend tests (V-notch) at – 40 °C, according to EN 10045-1, only for wall thicknesses greater
than 5 mm;
— three Charpy V-notch tests on the weld metal;
— three Charpy V-notch tests in the heat affected zone (HAZ), only on the first test coupon per batch
in the case of verification and on two coupons per batch in the case of declaration of conformity.
Table 4 — Amount of testing required for welds made by a non-automatic process
Testing by the manufacturer Verification by the approved
inspection body where
Test Non-destructive test (NDT) Destructive test (DT) required
32 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
Table 5 — Amount of testing required for welds made by an automatic procedure with P U Ps
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© BSI 03-2000 33
EN 286-3:1994
with P U 1,25PS
Testing by the manufacturer Verification by the approved
inspection body where
Test Non-destructive test (NDT) Destructive test (DT) required
Each vessel 100 % visual inspection Visual inspection of
Each welding machine Longitudinal weld coupon plates and films
and each welding held by the manufacturer.
After adjustment Inspection of the results of
procedure
1 X-ray per film of length or 1 coupon plate the various tests carried
greater than 200 mm out in application of this
including at least on standard
junction
During manufacture
Every 500 m of weld or at each change of adjustment
outside the tolerances fixed in the description of the
welding procedure or at each change in the standard
designation of the filler metal
1 X-ray per film of length or 1 coupon plate
greater than 200 mm
including at least one
junction
Circumferential weld
If the welding process or the designation of the filler
metal is identical to that used for the longitudinal
weld, then the circumferential weld needs no further
testing.
If the welding process or standard designation of the
filler metal differs from those used for making the
longitudinal weld:
After adjustment
1 X ray per film of length or 1 coupon plate
greater than 200 mm
including at least one
junction
During manufacture
Every 1 500 m of weld or at each change in
adjustment outside the tolerances fixed in the
description of the welding procedure or at each
change in the standard designation of the filler
metal:
1 X-ray per film of length or 1 coupon plate
greater than 200 mm
including at least one
junction
With a minimum per batch of vessels or per month:
1 X-ray per film of length or 1 coupon plate
greater than 200 mm
including at least one
junction
NOTE The coupon plates or X-rays shall be from any vessel in
the batch.
34 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
The density of the films shall correspond to class B of ISO 1106-1 and ISO 1106-3, with a minimum density
of 2 and a maximum density of 4.
11.1.5 Acceptance criteria for welds
The results of all the tests shall be recorded. If a test gives an unsatisfactory result, the reason shall be
sought and a further two samples shall be prepared and verified. If it can be shown that the failure is a
result of a local or accidental defect and that the re-tests are satisfactory, the re-test results shall be
accepted.
If a new sample gives unsatisfactory results, all the welds of all the vessels produced since the start of
production or since the last unsatisfactory non-destructive test shall undergo a non-destructive test.
Table 7 and Table 8 show the acceptance levels.
If any part of a weld has been repaired, the whole of the repaired weld seam shall be verified by means of
a non-destructive test.
Following the bending tests, the sample shall not have any defects greater than 3 mm in any direction.
In the macrographic examination, the affected surface of the sample shall show, through the microscope, a
welded point image with an adequate penetration and with no defects other than those permitted in
Table 8.
For the impact bending tests, see 4.1.1.
11.1.6 Finish of longitudinal and circular joints
All welds shall have a smooth finish without valleys and shall merge into the plates without undercutting
or abrupt irregularity (see Table 7).
To ensure that the weld is fully penetrated and thus that the surface of the weld metal does not fall below
the surface of the adjoining plate, weld metal may be built up as reinforcement on each side of the plate.
This reinforcement shall not exceed the values given in Table 9.
The reinforcement need not be removed except to the extent that it exceeds the permissible thickness.
11.2 Dimensional inspection
Vessels fabricated manually shall be inspected individually in order to ensure that they comply with the
tolerances specified below.
For vessels fabricated on an automatic line, the inspector shall ensure, at the start of fabrication, that the
vessels meet the following dimensional requirements. He shall then carry out a thorough examination on
at least one vessel in every 50 fabricated.
Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances apply:
a) length L ± 7 mm;
b) diameter Do (k 500 mm) ± 3 mm;
(> 500 mm) ± 0,6 %;
c) circularity of the cylindrical body 0,01Do;a
d) straightness of any generating line of the cylindrical body ± 0,01L;a
e) volume of the vessel in the as-delivered state ± 3,5 %.
a The tolerances of shape and position are set out in ISO 1101.
In addition, the wall of the vessels shall be free of localized defects such as sudden local irregularities,
bumps, flats, cavities, folds, tool marks or visible symmetry defects. Cavities or bumps are permitted
provided that they connect with the surrounding surface with gentle slopes not exceeding 25 % (14°) and
with rounding of radius greater than 50 mm. Their dimensions shall not exceed:
f) radially ± 3 mm
g) longitudinally 0,25L
h) transversely ÏDo/20
© BSI 03-2000 35
EN 286-3:1994
Slag and flux inclusions and wormholes 3012 Individual length max. e/3
(random not parallel to weld axis) 3013
3022
3023
2016
Tungsten inclusions 3041 As porosity
Copper inclusions 3042 Not permitted
Lack of fusion (side, root or inter-run) 401 Not permitted
a
Area = maximum length of weld affected × local width of weld.
36 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
Maximum reinforcement
Thickness of the thicker
thickness r1 or r2
plate
(see Figure 38)
e k 12 2,5
© BSI 03-2000 37
EN 286-3:1994
12 Certification procedures
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
This standard specifies three classes of vessel to which the certification procedure set out in Table 10
applies.
Table 10 — Classification of vessels
Classification Ps · V Certification procedureb Comment
Class 1 Greater than 3 000 bar Type examinationa Verification See Annex A
litres and not more (see Annex D) or
than 10 000 bar litres approval of design and
Class 2 Greater than 200 bar construction dossiera Verificationa See Annex A
litres and not more (see Annex C, clause 2) or See Annex B
than 3 000 bar litres declaration of
conformitya and
surveillance (and
special documents)
Class 3 Greater than 50 bar Verificationa See Annex A
litres and not more or See Annex B
than 200 bar litres declaration of
conformitya (and
special documents)
a At manufacturer’s choice.
b The mark of the inspection body shall be affixed to the vessels subjected to verification.
14 Delivery
After complete drying of the inside walls, the vessel in the delivery condition shall have all its openings
plugged with plastic stoppers or some other means to ensure that the inside of the vessel is free from dust,
water or any other foreign bodies.
Prior to despatch, the vessel shall be suitably protected to avoid any damage (impact, deformation ...)
during transport.
The packing shall be determined by the railway customer and the manufacturer.
38 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
© BSI 03-2000 39
EN 286-3:1994
Annex A (normative)
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Verification
A.1 General
Verification shall be performed by an approved inspection body on batches of vessels submitted by their
manufacturer or by his authorized representative. Batches shall be accompanied by the type-examination
certificate (see Annex D) or by the certificate of approval of the design and manufacturing schedule
(certificate of adequacy) (see Annex C).
When a batch is examined, the inspection body shall ensure that the vessels have been manufactured
and checked in accordance with the design and manufacturing schedule and shall perform a hydrostatic
test or, subject to the agreement of the Member State, a pneumatic test on each vessel in the batch at a
pressure Ph equal to 1,5 times the design pressure. Moreover, the inspection body shall carry out tests on
test pieces taken from a representative production coupon plate or from a vessel, as the manufacturer
chooses, in order to examine weld quality. The tests shall be carried out on longitudinal welds. However,
where differing welding techniques are used for longitudinal and circumferential welds, the tests shall be
repeated on representative test pieces of circumferential welds.
A.2 Construction verification
The approved inspection body shall perform the following checks and examinations.
A.2.1 Check of the manufacturing record
The manufacturing record shall be checked (see Annex E).
A.2.2 External and internal inspection, dimensional check
The inspection body shall check the identification of the vessel, e.g. the data-plate, and shall inspect the
vessels visually, externally and internally for defects, especially the seams.
The inspection shall be performed before any permanent covering coatings are applied.
The inspection body shall check dimensions of shells, ends, openings and other parts that are of importance
to the safety of the vessel for conformity with the drawings. Distances, important for safety (e.g. distance
between openings), shall be checked if considered necessary.
NOTE Normally it is adequate if 10 % of vessels are checked and inspected, these to be selected by the approved inspection body.
A.2.3 Destructive testing
Destructive testing as required by 11.1.3 shall be witnessed by the approved inspection body who will
certify the results.
A.2.4 Non-destructive testing
Non-destructive testing of butt weld seams as required by clause 11 shall be checked by the approved
inspection body. This includes spot checks of films. If the films are not available, spot NDT shall be
performed according to Table 4 to Table 6.
Annex B (normative)
Declaration of conformity — Surveillance
B.1 General
B.1.1 Declaration of conformity
Vessels in accordance with this European Standard whose product of PS and V exceeds 50 bar litres but
which does not exceed 3 000 bar litres are, at the choice of the manufacturer, either subject to verification
(see Annex A) or subject to the declaration of conformity.
B.1.2 Surveillance
By the declaration of conformity the manufacturer becomes subject to surveillance for vessels for which the
product of PS and V exceeds 200 bar litres and does not exceed 3 000 bar litres. The purpose of surveillance
is to ensure that the manufacturer duly fulfils the obligations required by this European Standard.
In the case of vessels manufactured in accordance with an approved specimen, for which a type
examination certificate exists, surveillance shall be the responsibility of the approved inspection body
which issued this type of examination certificate.
40 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
In the case of vessels not manufactured in accordance with an approved specimen, surveillance shall be the
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
responsibility of the approved inspection body which issued the certificate of approval of the design and
manufacturing schedule (certificate of adequacy) (see C.2).
B.2 Procedure required before commencement of manufacture of vessels of classes 2 and 3
(see clause 12) subject to a declaration of conformity
B.2.1 Responsibilities of the manufacturer
Before commencing manufacture, the manufacturer shall submit to the approved inspection body which
issued the type examination certificate or the certificate of adequacy, a document describing the
manufacturing processes and all of the predetermined, systematic measures taken to ensure conformity of
the vessels with this European Standard.
This document shall include the design and manufacturing schedule and the documents referred to
in B.2.1.1 to B.2.1.5.
The manufacturer shall appoint a management representative who, irrespective of other responsibilities,
shall have independent authority and responsibility for ensuring that the requirements of this European
Standard are implemented and maintained.
B.2.1.1 A description of the means of manufacture and inspection appropriate to the construction of the
vessels.
B.2.1.2 An inspection document describing the appropriate examinations and tests to be carried out during
manufacture together with the procedures thereof and the frequency with which they are to be performed.
B.2.1.3 An undertaking to carry out the examinations and tests in accordance with the inspection
document referred to above and to have a hydrostatic test carried out on each vessel in accordance with this
European Standard.
B.2.1.4 The addresses of the places of manufacture and storage and the date on which manufacture is to
commence.
B.2.1.5 In addition, when the product of PS and V exceeds 200 bar litres, the manufacturer shall authorize
access to the said places of manufacture or storage by the body responsible for the surveillance, for
inspection purposes, and allow that body to select sample vessels and provide it with all necessary
information, and in particular:
a) the design and manufacturing schedule;
b) the inspection report;
c) the type examination certificate or certificate of adequacy, where appropriate;
d) a report on the examinations and tests carried out.
B.2.2 Responsibilities of the approved inspection bodies
The inspection body responsible for the surveillance shall examine the documents referred to in B.2.1.1
and B.2.1.3 in order to check their conformity with the requirements of this European Standard and with:
a) the conditions stated in the certificate of adequacy; or
b) the design and manufacturing record and the conditions stated in the type examination certificate.
Manufacturing cannot commence before the approved inspection body has issued written approval of this
document.
B.3 Procedures required during manufacture of vessels of classes 2 and 3 (see clause 12) subject
to a declaration of conformity
B.3.1 Responsibilities of the manufacturer
The manufacturer shall ensure that the inspections and testing is carried out in accordance with the
documented procedures to complete the evidence of full conformance of the vessel to this European
Standard. The inspection and test status of vessels shall be identified by using markings, authorized
stamps, tags, labels, inspection records, physical location or other suitable means which indicate
conformance or non-conformance of vessels with regard to inspection and tests performed.
Records shall identify the inspection authority responsible for the release of conforming vessels.
The manufacturer shall maintain control of vessels that do not conform to the requirements of this
European Standard. All non-conforming vessels shall be clearly identified and segregated to prevent
unauthorized use, delivery or mixing with conforming vessels.
© BSI 03-2000 41
EN 286-3:1994
Annex C (normative)
Design and manufacturing schedules
C.1 Content
The design and manufacturing schedules shall contain the name of the manufacturer and the place of
manufacture and shall give the following information:
— a detailed manufacturing drawing of the vessel type;
— a set of instructions comprising:
a) the maximum working pressure, PS .... bar;
b) the maximum working temperature, ..... Tmax;
c) the minimum working temperature, Tmin ..... °C;
d) the volume of the vessel, V ..... litre;
e) the name or mark of the manufacturer;
f) a drawing showing assembly of the vessel to the rolling stock approved by the railway client
indicating in particular the method of attachment (see Annex F);
g) the service surveillance requirements approved by the railway client (see Annex G and Annex H);
— a document describing:
a) the materials selected;
b) the welding processes used;
c) the checks to be carried out;
d) any pertinent details as to the vessel design including the design pressure;
e) the certificates relating to the suitable qualification of the welding procedures and of the welders
or operators;
42 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
f) if the certificates for the welding procedures, welders or operators are not available, this shall not
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
prevent the approved body from evaluating the other documents. However, they shall be submitted
before approval is given or manufacturing commences;
g) the inspection slips for the materials used for the manufacturer of parts and assemblies
contributing to the strength of the pressure vessel or a specimen of these inspection slips;
h) a specimen of the proposed report on examination and tests.
C.2 Approval of design and manufacturing schedule (certificate of adequacy)
If vessels are not manufactured on the basis of a type-examination certificate, the manufacturer or his
authorized representative shall submit to an approved inspection body an application for design approval
and enclose three copies of this design and manufacturing schedule (see C.1).
Various vessels or vessel families can be included in one design and manufacturing schedule, but all vessel
details (including branches, bosses and attachments) of the production envisaged shall be included.
The approved inspection body shall examine these documents in order to check the conformity of the
design, of the required tests, and of the qualifications with the requirements of this European Standard. If
they are in agreement with the requirements of this standard the approved inspection body shall issue a
certificate of adequacy which shall be forwarded to the applicant.
Annex D (normative)
Type examination
Type examination is the procedure by which an approved inspection body ascertains and certifies that a
prototype vessel satisfies the provisions of this Part of this European Standard. The manufacturer or his
authorized representative shall submit to an approved inspection body an application for type examination.
The application shall include three copies of the design and manufacturing schedule (see Annex C) and a
prototype vessel which is representative of the production envisaged.
If the application is lodged for various vessels a prototype vessel is required for each vessel type.
Various vessels or vessel types can be included in one design and manufacturing schedule, but all vessel
details (including branches, bosses and attachments) of the production envisaged shall be included.
The approved inspection body shall examine the documents in order to check the conformity of design,
qualifications and the proposed tests with the requirements of this European Standard.
The approved inspection body shall also verify that the vessel has been manufactured in conformity with
the design and manufacturing schedule and is representative of the type and shall perform appropriate
examinations and tests (including 100 % NDT of main seams and a hydrostatic test).
If the design and manufacturing schedule and the prototype(s) comply with the provisions of this part of
this European Standard, the approved inspection body shall draw up a type-examination certificate (per
vessel type) which shall be forwarded to the applicant. The certificate shall state the conclusions of the
examination, indicate any conditions to which its issue may be subject and be accompanied by the
descriptions and drawings necessary for identification of the approved prototype.
Annex E (normative)
Content of the manufacturing record
The manufacturing record of the vessels shall contain (at least) the following information.
E.1 General information
a) the name or mark of the manufacturer;
b) the place of manufacture;
c) the qualification certificates for the welding procedures and the welders or welding operators;
d) the reports of the tests and inspections performed, or description of the proposed verifications.
E.2 Specific information
a) the identification codes of the vessels specific to the manufacturer (example no .. to ..);
b) the type approval number or the certificate of adequacy;
c) the diameter of the vessels;
d) the volume of the vessels;
© BSI 03-2000 43
EN 286-3:1994
Annex F (informative)
Assembly to the vehicles
F.1 Type A vessels
F.1.1 Fixing
The vessels should be fixed by means of straps with properties as indicated in F.1.1.1 and inserts of
corrosion protection tape as defined in F.1.1.4.
The vessel is generally fixed by means of two straps (Figure F.1 and Figure F.2). However, for small vessels,
a single strap may be used as long as it does not obstruct reading of the identity and service marks.
The straps are fastened to the vehicles by one of the approved methods shown in Figure F.3 to Figure F.6.
Other methods may be used provided that all safety requirements are complied with.
44 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
© BSI 03-2000 45
EN 286-3:1994
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
NOTE The bolts shown in Figure F.5 and Figure F.6 should be of the weldable type.
Figure F.5 — Ends of straps with welded bolt
NOTE The bolts shown in Figure F.5 and Figure F.6 should be of the weldable type.
Figure F.6 — Ends of straps with grooved welded bolt
Section of flats 25 × 4 45 × 6 60 × 6
46 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
The strap section should be approved by the customer for each particular case.
F.1.1.2 Corrosion protection tapes
The corrosion tapes should have two impregnated faces.
The impregnation product should have a softening point at least equal to 50 °C and should retain its
flexibility down to – 15 °C.
The impregnated tape should have a mass by surface area equal to or greater than 1,3 kg/m2.
F.1.2 Mounting
F.1.2.1 General
The drawing showing mounting of the vessel on the vehicle should ensure that the identity and service
marks can be read under all possible conditions.
Contact between the vessel and the vehicle should always be via cradles, with corrosion protection tape
inserted between the vessel and the cradle.
The fixing straps and their corrosion protection tape should always be placed around the shell
(see Figure F.1 and Figure F.2). All necessary steps should be taken to avoid movement of the insulating
tape relative to the straps and the vessel.
The cradle should:
a) be placed transversely in relation to the vessel;
b) be adapted to the shape of the vessel;
c) have a width at least equal to that of the fixing straps;
d) have a span equal to or greater than 0,4Do.
F.1.2.2 Fixing by two straps
They should be located as close as possible to the circular welds without however obscuring them as they
should remain visible once the vessel has been fixed.
F.1.2.3 Fixing by a single strap
It should be located so as not to obscure the circular welds.
F.1.2.4 Protection of the drainage mechanism
Where an automatic drainage mechanism is fitted directly to the vessel opening, it should be protected
against accidental damage by a cap.
NOTE In the case of vehicles fitted with an air dryer, the drainage opening may be closed by a threaded plug with a pressure relief
hole, and gasket.
F.2 Types B and C vessels
F.2.1 Fixing to the vehicle
Types B and C vessels may be fixed by means of straps as described in Figure F.1 or by fixing brackets
welded onto the shell under the conditions set out in 5.3 and shown in Figure 32 and Figure 33.
F.2.2 Mounting
The drawing showing mounting of the vessel to the vehicle should ensure that the identity and service
marks can be read under optimum conditions.
F.2.3 Protection of the drainage mechanism
Where an automatic drainage mechanism is mounted directly onto the vessel opening, it should be
protected against accidental damage by a cap.
NOTE In the case of vehicles fitted with an air dryer, the drainage opening may be closed by a threaded plug with a pressure relief
hole, and gasket.
Annex G (informative)
Service surveillance of type A vessels
G.1 General
The maintenance recommendations in this annex are based on several decades of experience of major
railway networks of the Federal Republic of Germany (DB), the Netherlands (NS) and France (SNCF).
These recommendations meet the minimum safety requirements during normal service of type A vessels.
© BSI 03-2000 47
EN 286-3:1994
The vessels are used throughout the whole service life of the vehicle or device to which they are fitted, to a
Licensed Copy: FELIX HERZING, TUV RHEINLAND BERLIN BRANDENBURG 5954918, 21 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
maximum of 40 years. At the end of this period, they are dispensed with under the conditions specified
in G.10. However, under special circumstances (a series of vehicles being replaced or vehicles destined for
a museum), the service life of the vessels may be prolonged subject to suitable surveillance specified in G.9.
The service surveillance of the vessels complying with this European Standard is carried out during
periodic inspections or revisions to the vehicle or the device fitted with it, under the following conditions.
G.2 Vessels used at: PS k 6 bar
Table G.1 — Service surveillance of vessels used at PS k 6 bar
Method and
Maximum interval between 2 operations Operation Removal
sanction
In a scheduled examination External visual inspection and No G.4
before 600 000 kma or 6 years drainage
24 years on the occasion of a revision Internal and external inspection No G.4 and G.5
a
This period may be extended to a maximum of 6 years if the vessel is protected against external attacks, for example if it is
installed in an enclosure or is an integral part of the apparatus.
In addition, the satisfactory performance of these vessels is ensured by an annual sampling examination
under the following conditions.
Table G.3 — Annual sampling examination
Method and
Population of vessels concerned Sample Removal
sanction
Vessels of the same type, from whole 1 % rounded to the nearest whole Yes G.6 and G.7
vehicle fleet or from items they are number
number fitted to, more than 20 years old
NOTE 1 Inspections are fairly regular periodic maintenance operations. They are essentially checks intended to ensure that the
main or critical components are always in a good operating condition.
NOTE 2 Revisions are periodic maintenance operations at intervals greater than the inspection. The purpose is to overhaul the
various components so that they operate satisfactorily until the next inspection.
NOTE 3 The inspection and revision cycles are specific to each type of equipment.
G.4 External inspection
G.4.1 Cleaning
Vessels that are particularly dirty should be cleaned so as to permit examination of the walls under
acceptable conditions. Cleaning by air blast should be carried out until all dirt is completely removed.
G.4.2 Examination of marking
If the marks specified in clause 7 are illegible, the vessel should be rejected.
If a data plate is deformed as a result of impact or oxidation, but the marks are still visible, it may be
replaced. Conformity to the original marking should be certified by the affixing of the expert’s stamp.
If a new plate is welded on to the vessel, the vessel should undergo a pressure test in accordance with 11.3.
48 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
© BSI 03-2000 49
EN 286-3:1994
The internal and external inspection of the walls should be carried out in accordance with the provisions
in G.4 and G.5 with the specified consequences.
In addition, if any crack, discontinuity in the weld seams or deterioration of the internal threads of the
inspection openings or pipe connection branches are detected, the vessel should be rejected.
G.6.3 Hydrostatic test
The vessel which has satisfactorily undergone the detailed inspection should then be subjected to a
hydrostatic test under the conditions described in 11.3 of this European Standard.
Once the vessel has successfully undergone the hydrostatic test, it should be stamped by the representative
of the approved inspection body, or by the accredited representative, who witnessed the test.
He affixes:
a) the date of the test (last 2 digits of the year);
b) his stamp.
G.6.4 Treatment prior to return to service
The vessel deemed satisfactory following the hydrostatic test should be dried and then given an internal
and external anticorrosion coating within 4 h of its stripping in accordance with G.6.2.1.
G.6.5 Return to service
Vessels having successfully undergone the detailed inspection and hydrostatic test, and which have
received their anticorrosion protection, may be refitted to the vehicle or device.
G.7 Analysis of the results of the annual sampling on 1 % of the population of a specific type of
vessel
Every 2 years, the results of the detailed inspections and hydrostatic tests which the vessels undergo and
which are covered by 1 % sampling and visual inspections should be analysed by a competent
administrative authority. Measures should be taken if the results of the 1 % sampling and internal
inspections show a significant trend.
G.8 Withdrawal of vehicles or devices to which the vessel is fitted
When a vehicle or device to which the vessel is fitted is withdrawn, the vessel should be discarded.
G.9 Special cases of vessels fitted to a series of vehicles being phased out, vehicles intended for
a museum, or vehicles kept in service for historical reasons
Vessels fitted to these vehicles may be maintained in service beyond 40 years subject to the following
provisions:
a) vessels removed after 40 years;
b) vessels then removed every 10 years thereafter;
in order to subject them to the operations described in G.6.
G.10 Rejection
Any vessel rejected during the surveillance operation or as a result of G.8 should be rendered unusable by
puncturing its walls to the right of the marking by means of a blow torch.
Marking stamped in the metal or on a plate welded to the wall of the vessel should be rendered illegible.
G.11 Filing of results of examination, inspections and tests
Results of examination, inspections and hydrostatic tests should be recorded in a maintenance register, or
by any means of storing and analysing them.
The results of analyses of sanctions following the detailed inspections and hydrostatic tests should be
recorded.
It should be possible to submit all the results on request at any time to the representative of the approved
body on intervention by the national administration.
G.12 Responsibilities
The service surveillance operations on the vessels should be carried out on the responsibility of the railway
companies and under the control of and under the conditions fixed by the competent administrative
authority.
50 © BSI 03-2000
EN 286-3:1994
Annex H (informative)
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H.4 Corrosion
H.4.1 Types of corrosion
The types of corrosion generally found during inspections of vessels are:
a) generalized corrosion: corrosion is described as generalized when it has caused a reduction in the
thickness of the wall over an area in excess of 20 % of the internal surface of the vessel;
b) localized corrosion: corrosion is described as localized when it has caused a reduction in the thickness
of the wall over an area in excess of 20 % of the internal surface of the vessel;
c) chain or linear corrosion: corrosion is described as chain or linear corrosion when it is in the form of a
series of pits reducing the wall thickness at localized points.
This corrosion generally occurs on the internal surface of the wall:
— over a generating line of the shell when the vessel is mounted horizontally;
— over a circumference of the end when the vessel is mounted vertically.
d) furrow-type corrosion: furrow-type corrosion is in the form of chain or linear corrosion but more
concentrated forming a furrow in the metal;
© BSI 03-2000 51
EN 286-3:1994
e) corrosion in isolated pits: corrosion in isolated pits is point corrosion in isolated areas. A concentration
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52 © BSI 03-2000
BS EN 286-3:1995
Committees responsible
The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted to
Technical Committee PVE/17, upon which the following bodies were represented:
© BSI 03-2000
BS EN
286-3:1995
BSI — British Standards Institution
BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing
British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the
international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.
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