Trade secrets (See Revised Penal Code, Articles 291 and 292;

Republic Act No. 8424, Section 278; See Republic Act No. 6969)
RAMONES

1. When made (Rule 132, Section 36, as amended by the New

Evidence) RAMONES

- Objection to off er of evidence must be made orally immediately after the

offer is made. Objection to the testimony of a witness for lack of a formal offer
must be made as soon as the witness begins to testify. Objection to a
question propounded in the course of the oral examination of a witness must
be made as soon as the grounds therefore become reasonably apparent.
The grounds for the objections must be specified.

See Rule 132, Section 13, as amended by New Evidence, on cross

examination of hostile witness) RAMONES

Section 13. Party may not impeach his or her own witness. – Except with respect
to witnesses referred to in paragraphs (d) and (e) of Section 10 of this Rule, the
party presenting the witness is not allowed to impeach his or her credibility. A
witness may be considered as unwilling or hostile only if so declared by the court
upon adequate showing of his or her adverse interest, unjustifi ed reluctance to
testify, or his or her having misled the party into calling him or her to the witness
stand. The unwilling or hostile witness so declared, or the witness who is an
adverse party, may be impeached by the party presenting him or her in all
respects as if he or she had been called by the adverse party, except by
evidence of his or her bad character. He or she may also be impeached and
cross-examined by the adverse party, but such cross-examination must only be
on the subject matter of his or her examination-in-chief.

Power of the court to stop further evidence (Rule 133, Section 7, as

amended by the New Evidence)

Section 7. Power of the court to stop further evidence. – The court may stop the
introduction of further testimony upon any particular point when the evidence
upon it is already so full that more witnesses to the same point cannot be
reasonably expected to be additionally persuasive. This power shall be exercised
with caution.