Logical Reasoning Olympiadchamp

5
MOCK TESTSONLINE
LOGICAL REASONING
• Comprehensive syllabus covering all the National Olympiad Exams.
• Detailed theory followed by Solved Examples.
• MCQ in 2 levels with Detailed Solution.
• Covers past year Olympiad Exam Questions.
• 5 Online Mock Tests based on different Olympiad Exam.
3CLASS
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INSTRUCTIONS
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C O N T E N T S
1. Analogy 1-18
2. Patterns 19-41
3. Odd One Out 42-55
4. Alphabet and Sequence Test 56-71
5. Ranking Test 72-93
6. Coding – Decoding 94-109
7. Time, Days and Dates & Possible Combinations 110-124
8. Problem Solving 125-140
9. Estimation 141-161
10. Geometrical Shapes 162-187
11. Embedded Figures 188-200
12. Mirror Images 201-226
13. Visual Reasoning 227-240

EBD_7018
C H A P T E R
1
Analogy
OBJECTIVES
• Students will be able to study the similar pattern and complete the given
series with the suitable terms.
• They will be able to sort out objects on the basis of similarity.
Introduction
It is a similarity or comparability between like features of two things on which
a comparison may be based. In these types of questions, a series of numbers
or alphabetical letters or combinations of both are given. The students are
required to identify the relationship between two or more things and find out
the alternative based on that relationship.
Types of Analogy Relationships
Type I: Completing the Analogous Pair

In these types of questions, three words are given and two words are related to
each other in some way. The candidate is required to find out the relationship
between the third and fourth word on the basis of the relationship of the first
two words
Picture Based Analogy
Directions (Examples 1 &2) :
There is a certain relationship between the pair of figures given on either side
of : : Identify the relationship of given pair and find the missing term.
1
EBD_7018
Example 1
: :: :?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (a)
Explanation:
Sum of dots on visible face of cube is 8.
Example 2
: :: :?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
First figure of the pair can be put in the second figure.
Type II: Number Based Analogy

Direction (Example 3): Two numbers written in the arrow are related to
each other. Find the missing term in the second arrow following the same rule.
2
Example 3
::

(a) 35 (b) 42 (c) 40 (d) 28

Ans. (d)
Explanation:
As, 5 × 4 = 20.
Similarly, 7 × 4 = 28. So, the missing number is 28.
Type III: Letter Based Analogy
Direction (Example 4): Identify the relation between the given pair of either
side of : : and find the missing term.
Example 4
B Y D ?
: :: :
(a) Z (b) Y (c) V (d) W

Ans. (d)
Explanation:
As,'B' is second letter from the starting in the English alphabet and 'Y' is second
letter from the end. Similarly, 'D' is fourth letter from the starting and 'W' is
the fourth letter from the end.
Type IV: Word Based Analogy
Direction (Example 5): Identify the relation between the given pair on either
Example 5
Bird : Sky : : Duck : ?
(a) Swim (b) Quack (c) Fly (d) Water

Ans. (d)
Explanation:
As, Bird flies in the sky. Similarly, duck swims in the water.
3
EBD_7018
LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 15): In each of the following questions, there is a certain
relationship between two given figures on one side of : : one figure is given
on the other side of : : Find the figure from the given alternatives, having the
same relation with this word as the words of the given pair. Choose the correct
alternative.
1. : :: : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
: :: : ?
2.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3. : :: ? :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4
4. : :: ? :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5. : :: :?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
:: : ?
6. :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5
EBD_7018
8. : :: : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

10. : :: :?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
: :: : ?
11.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12. : :: ? :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6
13. : :: : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
14. : :: : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15. : :: : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Directions (16-29): Identify the relation between the given pairs on either
25 91 : 2596 :: 153 : ?
16.
(a) 2592 (b) 156 (c) 158 (d) 159
17. 62 : 31 :: 84 : ?
(a) 42 (b) 43 (c) 44 (d) 45
18. 1:00 am : 1:25 am :: 2:00 pm : ?
(a) 2:00 am (b) 2:10 pm (c) 2:25 am (d) 2:25 pm
7
EBD_7018
19. 33 : 99 : : 59 : ?
(a) 257 (b) 177 (c) 197 (d) 187
20. 1234 : 2 3 4 5 : : 3 4 5 6 : ?
(a) 7 8 9 0 (b) 4 5 6 7 (c) 5 6 7 8 (d) 6 5 4 3
21. : Ant : : :?
(a) Nice (b) Net (c) Nose (d) Neck
22. AC : BD :: MO : ?
(a) AN (b) DP (c) NP (d) OM
23. ACE : ECA : : GIK : ?

(a) KIG (b) GKI (c) KGI (d) IGK
24. ACE : BDF : : K M O : ?

(a) O M K (b) S T U (c) L N P (d) P Q R
D4 : E5 :: J10 : ?
25.
(a) K 11 (b) K12 (c) I9 (d) M13
Lion : Den : : Books : ?

26.
(a) Suitcase (b) Fridge (c) Shelf (d) Kitchen
27. Car : 4 tyres : : Rickshaw : ?

(a) 3 tyres (b) 2 tyres (c) 5 tyres (d) 6 tyres
8
Son : Grandfather : : Daughter : : ?
28.
(a) Sister (b) Father
(c) Grandmother (d) Uncle
Tea : Biscuit : : Bread : ?

29.
(a) Vegetables (b) Flour (c) Spice (d) Butter
30. Ears is to Hear, As, Tongue is to ?

(a) Look (b) Sense (c) Taste (d) Feel
9
EBD_7018
LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 1 to 28): In each of the following questions, there is a certain
relationship between two given words or figures on one side of : : One word or
figure is given on the other side of : : Find the word or figure from the given
alternatives, having the same relation with this word or figure of the given
pair. Choose the correct alternative.
1. : : : : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2. : : : : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3. : : : : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4. : : : : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10
5. : :: : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6. : :: : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7. : :: : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8. : :: : ?
9 6 3
(a) 8 (b) 5 (c) (d) 7
9. : :: : ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10.

(a) (b) (c) (d)
11
EBD_7018
A B A C D
B B
11. B A : A :: D C : ?
C C D D C C
C C D D
(a) D D (b) D (c) D C (d) C
12. : :: :?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
13. E F O : :: :?
A
(a) C (b) (c) R (d) D
Pen : Write :: Scissors : ?
14.
(a) Watch (b) Stitch (c) Cut (d) Eat
Soft Hard Cold ?

15. : :: :
(a) Freezes (b) Shiny (c) Pure (d) Hot
16. Tomato : Vegetable :: Melon : ?
(a) Jam (b) Tree (c) Fruit (d) Dish
HUT : TUH :: BUT : ?

17.
(a) C V U (b) T U B (c) C U T (d) M U T
12
3 21 4 ?
18. : :: :
(a) 24 (b) 25 (c) 28 (d) 32
45 5 63 ?
19. : :: :
(a) 7 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 8
20 : 30 :: 70 : ?
20.
(a) 10 (b) 40 (c) 50 (d) 80
CAGE : AGE :: HAIR : ?

21.
(a) RIA (b) AIR (c) HAI (d) RAI
GOOD : OGDO :: ROOP : ?

22.
(a) POOR (b) OORP (c) QPPS (d) ORPO
23.
(a) U 21 (b) S 19 (c) 19 S (d) 21 U
24.
(a) FEBRUARY (b) JUNE
(c) OCTOBER (d) APRIL
13
EBD_7018
25.
(a) V (b) W (c) U (d) Y
SHINE : HSIEN : : CLOUD : ?

26.
(a) DUOLC (b) LCUOD (c) LCODU (d) DLOUC
MORNING : BREAKFAST : : NOON : ?

27.
(a) DINNER (b) BRUNCH (c) LUNCH (d) TIFFIN
28. Book : Pages :: Bike : ?
(a) Engine (b) Oxygen (c) Food (d) Water
29. Figures (i) and (ii) are related to each other in some manner. Establish a
similar relationship between figures (iii) and (iv) by selecting a suitable
figure from the options.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(Olympiad)
30. There is a certain relationship between fig. (i) and (ii). Establish the same
relationship between fig. (iii) and (iv) by selecting a figure from the given
options which will replace the (?) in fig (iv).
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(Olympiad)
14
Solutions
LEVEL - 1
1. (b) The inner and outer figure
have been interchanged.
2. (c)
12. (b) The second image is the
missing part of the first image.
3. (d)
13. (d)
4. (c) The outer most layer is
removed in the second image.
5. (d) The images are mirror Here, second image is the
reflection of each other. reverse of the first image.
14. (d) The arrangement of elements
are different in the first pair.
6. (d) In the first image the elements
are alternatively arranged
but in the second image the
elements are placed serially
7. (c) one after the other. At the
same time the reverse analogy
is applicable to the second pair
8. (b) Position of the shaded triangle first the elements are placed
and black triangle are serially and then arranged
exchanged. alternatively.
9. (b) The bottom part shifts upward 15. (a) The second image of the pair
and the shaded part gets is having an extra outer layer
unshaded and unshaded part and the inner most pattern
gets shaded. becomes shaded.
10. (b) In each pair the lower lines 16. (c) As,
and arcs inside the patterns
2591 + 5 = 2596
are reducing in the second
image. Similarly, 153 +5 = 158
11. (c) The image gets overlapped 17. (a) As, 62 2 31
each other.
Similarly, 84 2 = 42
15
EBD_7018
18. (d) As, 1 : 00 + 0 : 25 1 : 25 am K M O
Similarly, 2 : 00 + 0 : 25 2 : +1 +1 +1
25 pm L N P

19. (b) As, 33 × 3 = 99
D 4
Similarly, 59 × 3 = 177 25. (a) As, +1 +1
20. (b) As, 1 2 3 4 E 5
+1 ↓ +1 ↓ +1 ↓ +1 ↓ J 10
2 3 4 5 Similarly, +1 +1

K 11
Similarly,
26. (c) As, lion lives in Den. Similarly,
3 4 5 6
Books are kept in shelves.
+1 ↓ +1 ↓ +1 ↓ +1 ↓
27. (a) As, Car has 4 tyres
4 5 6 7 Similarly, rickshaw has 3
tyres.
28. (c) As, Son for Grandfather.
21. (b) As, = Ant (3 letters)
Similarly, daughter for
Grandmother.
Similarly, = Net 29. (d) Butter
(3 letters) 30. (c) As, ears is to hear. Similarly,
tongue is to taste.
+1
LEVEL - 2
22. (c) As, A C B D
1. (b) As, the cube is made up of
+1 square. Similarly, the cylinder
+1 is made up of circles.
Similarly, M O N P 2. (d) The sequence of the elements
are reversed in both the pairs.
+1
3. (b) The end of figures in same
A C E G I K direction.
23. (a) As, Similarly,
4. (c)
E C A K I G
5. (c) The two elements approach
each other and gets overlapped.
A C E 6. (a) Each of the upper element is
+1 +1 +1 replaced by an element similar
24. (c) As, Similarly, to the lower element (s) and
B D F
16
each one of the lower element 18. (c) As, 3 × 7 = 21
is replaced by an element
similar to the upper element Similarly, 4 × 7 = 28
(s).
19. (a) As, 45 5 = 9
7. (b) 7
Similarly, 63 =9
8. (d) 20. (d) As,
9. (c) The second figure is the water Similarly,

image of the first figure.
CAGE
21. (b) As, A G E
10. (b) Similarly,
HAIR
C A I R
11. (d) D D G O O D
C
12. (b) There is a reverse change in
diagonal patterns. 22. (d) As,
O G D O
13. (b) The first two letters of the
first pair are made up of only R O O P
straight lines but the two
letters of the second pair are
Similarly,
made up of curves only. O R P O
14. (c) As, Pen is to write. Similarly,
scissors is to cut.
15. (d) As, Hard is antonym of soft. 23. (c) As,

Similarly, Hot is antonym of
cold.
16. (c) As, Tomato is a vegetable.

Similarly, Melon is a fruit. Similarly,
H U T B U T
24. (c) As, MARCH 31 days
17. (b) As, Similarly,
T U H T U B MAY 31 days
17
EBD_7018
Similarly, July 31 days C L O U D
Similarly, .
OCTOBER 31 days.
L C O D U
25. (a) As, C is third letter from
starting and X is third 27. (c) The food taken in the morning
letter from end in the time is known as Breakfast.
English alphabet Similarly, the food taken
respectively. Similarly, E during noon is known as
is fifth letter from starting Lunch.
and V is fifth letter
from end. So, V is missing 28. (a) As, pages are the essential
letter. parts of a book. Similarly,
engine is an essential part of
S H I N E a bike.
26. (c) As ,
29. (a) Outer figure becomes inner
H S I E N figure and inner figure
becomes outer figure.
30. (b) Option (b) is correct.
18
C H A P T E R
2
Patterns
OBJECTIVES
• Students will identify patterns in pictures/shapes, numbers and letters.
• Students will develop an understanding extend given patterns.
• Students will be aware of the patterns in their daily surroundings.
• Students will be sort and group objects.
• Patterns serve as the foundation of algebraic thinking.
Introduction
A pattern is a repeated design or recurring sequence. It is a set of pictures/
shapes, letters or numbers arranged according to a certain rule.
Type I
Find the missing term or next term in (number or letter) series to continue the
given series.
• Identify the order of series (descending or ascending order). Observe
the pattern using operations: addition, subtraction, skip counting and
reverse counting.
• Identify the order of alphabetical series either A to Z or Z to A.
• Numbering of alphabets series either A to Z or Z to A.
• Skipping letters/numbers.
Type II
Find the missing term in the pattern.
• Identify the missing term in the pattern by observing the rule followed
in rest of the given terms.
19
EBD_7018
Type III
Find the missing part in the figure pattern.
• Complete the figure pattern by drawing its incomplete part in the pattern.
Type I. Picture Based Pattern:-

Example 1
How many smiling faces will be there in Pattern 5 ?

Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 16
Ans. (c)
Explanation:
Smiling faces in pattern 1 = 3
So, the Pattern is as follows
+3 +3 +3 +3
3 6 9 12 15
Example 2
Joshua is weaving a pattern into a rug. What would most likely come next?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) ?
Ans. (a)
20
Explanation:
Each pattern repeats itself at every fourth step.
Example 3
Which of the following options will complete the figure (X) ?

Figure (X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (d)
Type II: Number Based Pattern

Example 4
Complete the number pattern.

?
3 , 6 , 11 , 18 , 27 , _____ ?
, 51 , _____.
(a) 34 , 60 (b) 38 , 66 (c) 42 , 71 (d) 46 , 75
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
Rule followed in the series is :
Difference between consecutive terms are consecutive odd numbers.
21
EBD_7018
Type III: Alphabet Based Pattern:
Example 5
JQ KR LS ?
(a) IP (b) PU (c) MT (d) NS

Ans. (c)
Explanation:
The Pattern is as follows :
+1 +1 +1 M
K L
I Series : J
II Series : Q +1 +1 +1 T
R S
So, MT will complete the alphabet pattern.
22
LEVEL-1
1. How many toffees will be there in Pattern 5 ?

(a) 17 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 15
2. What are the next two numbers in the pattern below ?
6 , 8 , 12 , 18 , ___ , ___
(a) 28, 30 (b) 26, 36 (c) 20, 30 (d) 28, 38
3. 2 4 6 8 10 12 _____ 16 ____
(a) 14, 18 (b) 14, 14 (c) 20, 18 (d) 16, 14
4. Which number will replace the question mark in the number pattern
given below ?
121 100 81 64 49 ? ?

(a) 16 , 9 (b) 36 , 25 (c) 64 , 49 (d) 4 , 9

5. What will be the next in the series ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
23
EBD_7018
6. Complete the pattern by filling the missing numbers
4 8 12 16 20 ?

(a)
30 (b)
72 (c)
24 (d)
25
Direction (Qs. 7 to 10) : Observe the pattern and fill the correct number to
continue the pattern .
7. 35, _______, 55, 65, 75

(a)
40 (b)
45 (c)
50 (d)
85
8. 10, 25, 40, _____, ______
(a) 55, 70 (b) 65, 75 (c) 85, 95 (d) 90, 80
9. 24, 20, 16, ____, ____, 4
(a) 12, 8 (b) 8, 4 (c) 6, 8 (d) 10, 6
10. 8 , 16 , 24 , _____ , 40
(a) 48 (b) 62 (c) 32 (d) 50
11. How many flowers will be there in Pattern 5 ?

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
24
12. Identify the rule followed in the given number pattern.
4 8 16 32 64

(a) Add 2 in previous term to get the next term.
(b) Subtract 2 , 4 _ _ _ _ sequentially .
(c) Multiply the number by itself to get the next term.
(d) Multiply previous terms by 2 to get the next term.
13. How many circles will be there in Pattern 4 ?


(a)
16 (b)
13 (c)
14 (d)
7
14. A piece of paper is torn. In which column will the number 24 appear ?
I II III IV
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
(a) IV (b) I (c) II (d) III
15. Find the missing number in the given number pattern ?
9 18 36 72 144 ?

(a) 244 (b) 286 (c) 288 (d) 388
25
EBD_7018
Direction (Qs. 16 - 23) : Complete the pattern.
?
16.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
17. 20 22 24 26 ? ?
(a) 25, 30 (b) 27, 30 (c) 28, 30 (d) 30, 35
5 15 25 ?
18. 10 20 30 ?
Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4
(a) 20, 35 (b) 50, 55 (c) 40, 45 (d) 35, 40
19. 01 , 012 , 0123 , 01234 , __________
(a) 0123 (b) 0123451 (c) 012345 (d) 0123441
20. AAA, BBB, CCC, DDD, _________
(a) ABC (b) BCD (c) CDA (d) EEE
21. 50, 48 , 46 , 44 , 42, ________,

________
(a) 30, 38 (b) 40, 38 (c) 40, 45 (d) 50, 55
22. A, AB, ABC, __________
(a) ABB (b) AB (c) ABCD (d) ACC
23. 3, 6, 9, 12, ______, ______
(a) 15 , 18 (b) 17 , 18 (c) 19 , 20 (d) 10 , 20
26
Direction (Qs. 24 - 26) : Find which of the following does not follow a pattern.
24. (a) 30 + 5 = 35 (b) 35 + 5 = 40
(c) 40 + 5 = 45 (d) 45 + 6 = 51
25. (a) 20 + 2 = 22 (b) 22 + 2 = 24
(c) 24 + 2 = 26 (d) 26 - 2 = 24
26. (a) 10 + 10 = 20 (b) 20 + 10 = 30
(c) 30 + 10 = 40 (d) 40 + 7 = 47
Direction (Qs. 27 - 30) : Choose the correct option to complete the pattern.
27. 102, 104, , , 110
(a) 106, 112 (b) 106, 107 (c) 106, 108 (d) 111, 114
28. 893, 895, ,
(a) 897, 899 (b) 895, 899 (c) 894, 899 (d) 899, 901
29. 1A, 2B, ____, 4D
(a) 3E (b) 3C (c) 4E (d) 4F
30. 20 , 15 , 10 _________
(a) 7 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 4
27
EBD_7018
LEVEL-2
1. What comes next in the pattern ?
7 4 3 6 8
?

(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 5
2. The missing numbers in the banner are ________.
3 4 6 8 9 12 12 16 ? ?

(a) 15, 20 (b) 20, 15 (c) 15, 18 (d) 20, 19

3. What rule is followed in the pattern below?
2, 5, 11, 23
(a) Add 3 (b) Add 8
(c) Multiply 2 (d) Multiply the number by 2 and add 1

4. What are the missing numbers in the given pattern?
7, 14, 21, ,
(a) 30, 35 (b) 40, 35 (c) 28, 35 (d) 40, 45

5. What are the next two in the pattern ?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
28
6. Which is the missing pattern?
11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
9
8
3
4
? 9
8
3
4
9
8
3
4
9
8
3
4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6
11 12 1
(a) 10 2 (b)
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
11 12 1
11 12 1
2
(c) 10 2 (d) 10
9 3
9 3
8 4
8 4
7 5
7 5 6
6
7. What comes next in the pattern ?
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these

Direction (Qs. 8 - 10) : Choose the correct option to complete the pattern.
8. 15
45 30
3
9 6
40 8 5 2 10
4 5
7
? 25
35
(a) 30 (b) 20 (c) 9 (d) 16
29
EBD_7018
9. A B D G ?
(a) M (b) L (c) H (d) K
? 14 16
10.
5 7 8
10 9 6

(a)
12 (b)
20 (c)
18 (d)
15
11. Find the missing numbers x and y respectively.
100 81 64 49 x
16 15 14 13 y

(a) 25, 10 (b) 16, 11 (c) 36, 12 (d) 25, 11

12. How many ice-creams will be there in pattern 6 ?

Pattern1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 12
?
13.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
30
14. What is the number on Doll 12 ?

5 6 7 4 5 6 7 4

(a)
5 (b)
6 (c)
7 (d)
4
15. What is the rule followed in given pattern?
(a)
AABB (b)
ABAB (c)
AAAB (d)
ABBB
16. Find the missing figure in the following pattern.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Direction (Qs. 17 - 20) : Which of the following options will complete the
figure (X) ?
17.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
?

Figure (X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

18. ?
Figure (X)
31
EBD_7018
(a) (b) (c) (d)
19.
?
Figure (X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

20.
?
Figure (X)
21. Direction (Qs. 21 - 24) : Find the missing number in the given number
pattern below.
7 9 8
8 8 4 8 7 7 6 ? 4
3 3 5

(a)
6 (b)
4 (c)
5 (d)
7
22. 60 150 125
12 5 30 5 ? 5
(a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 25
23.

(a)
20 (b)
19 (c)
23 (d)
24 (Olympiad)
32
24.
8 11 9
21 28 24 23 ? 42 29 45 35
9 12 10

(a)
30 (b)
42 (c)
48 (d)
52 (Olympiad)
25. Which of the following figures will complete the pattern given in Fig. (X)?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(Olympiad)
26. Which number will replace the (?), if the same rule is followed in each figure?
(a) 22 (b) 78 (c) 140 (d) 92 (Olympiad)

27. Find the missing numbers, if a certain rule is followed in the figure.
72
8
?
? 24
40

(a) 56, 80 (b) 48, 80 (c) 56, 88 (d) 48, 88
(Olympiad)
33
EBD_7018
28. Complete the given number pattern.
89 82 75 68 ? 54

(a)
61 (b)
59 (c)
57 (d)
62
(Olympiad)
29. Which figure comes next in the given figure pattern?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
30. Find the missing number, if a certain rule is applied row-wise or column-
wise.
5 5 0
4 3 3
1 ? 7

(a)
1 (b)
2 (c)
0 (d)
3 (Olympiad)
34
Solutions
LEVEL - 1
1. (a) Toffees in pattern 1 = 3
Toffees in pattern 2 = 3 + 2 = 5
Toffees faces in pattern 3 = 5 + 3 = 8
By observing the patterns, we get the numbers are increasing as,
3 5 8 12 17
+2 +3 +4 +5
2. (b) Rule followed in the series is:
6 8 12 18 26 36
+2 +4 +6 +8 +10
3. (a) Rule followed in the series is:

4. (b) Rule followed in the pattern is:
121 100 81 64 49 36 25
11 × 11 10 × 10 9 × 9 8 × 8 7×7 6×6 5×5
5. (a) Increasing number pattern is followed.

6. (c) The pattern is as follows:
4×2=8
4 × 3 = 12
4 × 4 = 16
4 × 5 = 20
4 × 6 = 24
35
EBD_7018
7. (b) Adding of 10 in each number pattern is followed.
35 45 55 65 75
+10 +10 +10 +10

8. (a) Rule followed in this pattern is adding of 15 in each number.
10 25 40 55 70
+15 +15 +15 +15

9. (a) Rule followed in this equation is subtraction of 4 from each number.
24 20 16 12 8 4
–4 –4 –4 –4 –4
10. (c) The pattern is as follows:
8 16 24 32 40
+8 +8 +8 +8
11. (a) 1 3 5 7 9
+2 +2 +2 +2

8 16 32 64
12. (d) 4
×2 ×2 ×2 ×2
13. (b) Pattern 1 = 4

Pattern 2 = 4 + 3 = 7
Pattern 3 = 7 + 3 = 10
Pattern 4 = 10 + 3 = 13
So, there will be 13 circles in Pattern 4.
14. (a) The number 24 will appear in column IV.
15. (c) Rule followed in the pattern is:
9 18 36 72 144 288
×2 ×2 ×2 ×2 ×2
36
16. (a) One triangle is decreasing at every step.
17. (c) Adding 2 to each number rule is followed in this pattern.
5×1=5 5 × 3 = 15
18. (d) Pattern 1 = Pattern 2 = 5 × 4 = 20
5 × 2 = 10
5 × 5 = 25 5 × 7 = 35
Pattern 3 = 5 × 6= 30 Pattern 4 = 5 × 8 = 40
19. (c) One consecutive number is added in each step.
20. (d)
Each letter is repeated three times
21. (b) 50 48 46 48 42 40 38
–2 –2 –2 –2 –2 –2
So, the next terms will be 40 and 38.
22. (c)
23. (a) 3 6 9 12 15 18
+3 +3 +3 +3 +3
24. (d) From (a) to (c) adding of 5 to each number is followed but not in
option (d).
25. (d) 26 – 2 = 24
In options (a) to (c) rule of adding 2 is going on, but in option (d) rule of
subtracting 2 is followed. So, option (d) does not follow the pattern.
26. (d) From part (a) to (c) addition of 10 in each number is followed. But in
option (d) adding of 7 rule is followed.
102 104 106 108 110
27. (c)
+2 +2 +2 +2
Rule of adding 2 to each number is followed.
37
EBD_7018
28. (a) 893 895 897 899
+2 +2 +2
Adding of 2 to each number is followed.
29. (b) There are two seeries:
1 2 3 4
I Series:
+1 +1 +1
A B C D
II Series:
+1 +1 +1
So, the next terms is 3C.
30. (c) 20 15 10 5

–5 –5 –5
Subtracting of 5 to each number rule is followed in this pattern.
LEVEL - 2
1. (d) Number inside the figure is equal to the number of edges of figure.
2. (a) There are two series.
3 6 9 12 15
Series I :
+3 +3 +3 +3
4 8 12 16 20
Series II :
+4 +4 +4 +4
So, the missing numbers in the banner are 15 and 20.
2 5 11 23
3. (d) ×2+1 ×2+1 ×2+1
7 14 21 28 35
4. (c)
+7 +7 +7 +7
Adding of 7 to each number rule followed in this pattern.
5. (b) Option (b) is correct
38
6. (b) 12:00 12:30 1:00 1:30 2:00
+30 Minutes +30 Minutes +30 Minutes +30 Minutes

7. (b) Each figure repeats after two figures.
8. (b) There are 3 parts in the figure namely A, B, C.
C B A
C=A×B
= 4 × 5 = 20
9. (d)
+2 +3 +4
10. (d) 15 + 5 + 10 = 30
14 + 7 + 9 = 30
16 + 8 + 6 = 30
Sum of numbers in each square chain is 30.
10×10 9×9 8×8 7×7 6×6

11. (c) 12
16 15 14 13
–1 –1 –1 –1
12. (d) Ice - creams in pattern 1 = 2
Ice - creams in pattern 2 = 4
Ice - creams in pattern 3 = 6
By observing the number of ice-creams in three patterns, we get the numbers
are increasing as,
10 12
2 4 6 8
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2

39
EBD_7018
13. (a) Shaded part is moving one-step clockwise direction.
14. (d) Pattern is as follows:
5,6,7,4 , 5,6,7,4 , 5,6,7,4 12th Doll
15. (d)
A B B B
16. (b) Shaded parts move one triangle forward and faces inside the star
change.
17. (b) 18. (d)
Figure (X)
19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (c) In pattern I : (8 - 4) + (7 - 3) = 8

In pattern II : (8 - 7) + (9 - 3) = 7
Similarly, III pattern : (6 - 4) + (8 - 5) = 5
22. (d) P = Pattern = Q = P / R
Q R
23. (c) Rule followed:

14 18 23 29 36
+4 +5 +6 +7
40
24. (b)
S D
Q 26. (d) B A C
P O
E
R
Patern = A = (B + C) – (E – D)
Pattern = O = (P – R) + (Q – S) = (22 + 85) – (92 – 77)
O = (23 – 12) + (42 – 11) = (107) – (15) = 92
O = 11 + 31= 42 27. (c) Pattern is:
25. (a) The complete figure is:
88
61
28. (a) 89 82 75 68 54
–7 –7 –7 –7 –7
29. (d)
–1 –1 –1 –1
+1 +1 +1 +1

30. (b) Sum of numbers row-wise or column-wise is 10.
41
EBD_7018
C H A P T E R
3
Odd One Out
OBJECTIVES
• To train the students to find things that are similar or different.
• To distinctly identify things on the basis of their shape, size, colour
etc.
• To help the students make connections between the words and to
know the process involved in it etc.
Introduction
Odd one out is the only one different from all in some manner. The student is
required to choose this one item which does not fit into the given group.
Steps to Solve
Step 1: Look carefully at each of the pictures, numbers, words and figures.
Step 2: Find the common feature among them.
Step 3: Choose the item which does not has common feature.
Types of Odd One Out:
Type I: Picture / Figure Based

Directions (Examples 1 to 5) : Select the odd one out.
Example 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Ans. (d)
42
Explanation:
In each of the figures except option (d) the inner and outer figures are same.
Example 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Ans. (d)
Explanation:
Elements in (a), (b) and (c) are solid shapes.
Type II: Number Based

Example 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Ans. (c)
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 12 is an odd number
Type III: Alphabet Based
Example 4
HI LM OP RQ
(a) (b) (c) (d)
+1 +1
Ans. (d) As, H  → I , L  →M
+1
O  → P but R –
+1
→ Q.
So, RQ does not belong to the group
Type IV: Word Based
Example 5
(a) Jumble (b) Delhi (c) (d) Down
Dance
Ans. (a) The word "Jumble" starts with letter 'J'; all other words start with
letter 'D'. So, "Jumble" is different from others.
43
EBD_7018
LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1-30): In each of the following questions, four figures/ words/
numbers/ alphabets have been given out of which three are alike, while the
fourth one is different. Choose the odd one out.
1. (a) (b) (c) (d)
2. (a) (b) (c) (d)
3. (a) (b) (c) (d)
4. (a) (b) (c) (d)
5. (a) 109 (b) 1006 (c) 2122 (d) 5160
6. (a) (b) (c) (d)
44
7. (a) Pen (b) Pencil (c) Paper (d) Crayon
8. (a) Milk (b) Yogurt (c) Butter (d) Mango
9. (a) AH (b) OO (c) BIRD (d) U

10. (a) Den (b) Roof (c) Burrow (d) Nest
11. (a) (b) (c) (d)

12. (a) (b) (c) (d)
13. (a) (b) (c) (d)
14. (a) 12 × 5 (b) 12 × 6 (c) 8 × 9 (d) 3 × 24
1
15. (a) (b) (c)
(d)
5
16. (a) 15 ¸ 5 (b) 26 ¸ 9 (c) 18 ¸ 6 (d) 24 ÷ 8
17. (a) (b) (c) (d)
45
EBD_7018
18. (a) Pant (b) Cotton (c) Saree (d) Frock
19. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Eye Hand Nose Lips
20. (a) (b) (c) (d)

1 1 2 3
3 2 1 1
2 1 3 2
21. (a) (b) (c) (d)
LMN HIJ PQP WXY
22. (a) (b)
(c) (d)
23. (a) (b) (c) (d)
46
24. (a) (b) (c) (d)
25. (a) (b) (c) (d)
26. (a) (b) (c) (d)

12 36 49
25
27. (a) (b) (c) (d)
28. (a) Spoon (b) Plate (c) Gas cylinder (d) Bookshelf
29. (a) (b) (c) (d)
N M F A
mber ch st ber
Dece Mar Augu Novem
30. (a) (b) (c) (d)
47
EBD_7018
LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 1-30) : Find the odd one out.
1. (a) FATHER (b) BROTHER
(c) MOTHER (d) SON
2. (a) (b)
(c) (d)
3. (a) 543 (b)

703
(c) 631 (d) 424
4. (a) Meena made this pattern with balls:

Which of the following uses a rule most different from Meena's pattern?
48
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
5. (a) (b) (c) (d)
6. (a) (b) (c) (d)
7. (a) AE (b) JM
(c) UA (d)
IO
8. (a) 9–2 (b) 12 – 5 (c)

10 – 3 (d) 8–3
Mo
9. (a) Cow (b) Goat (c) nkey (d) Dog
10. (a) (b) (c) 2×9 (d) 6×3

7×2 3×6

49
EBD_7018
Blue Green White Yellow
11. (a) (b) (c) (d)
12. (a) (b) (c) (d)
73 28 86
64
13. (a) 95 (b) 81 (c) 57 (d) 60
Run Walk Think Jump

14. (a) (b) (c) (d)
15. The rule for sorting is "has four or more corners." Which group has been
sorted correctly?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
16. (a) (b) (c) (d)

41 21 49 63
17. (a) EGH (b) (c) (d)

ACD PQR LNO
50
18. (a) (b) (c) (d)
19. (a) B (b) F G (d)

(c) D
2 5 7 4
20. (a) (b) (c) (d)
21. (a) 35 (b) 15 (c) 57 (d) 45
22. (a) (b) (c) (d)

East North South West
West South North West
23. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Tree Pond Lake Sea
24. (a) (b) (c) (d)
(Olympiad)
25. (a) (b) (c) (d)
L D N V
(Olympiad)
51
EBD_7018
26. (a) (b)
(c) (d) (Olympiad)
27. (a) (b)
Match
Box
(c) (d) (Olympiad)
28. (a) (b)
(c) (d) (Olympiad)
29. (a) (b) (c)

(d)
(Olympiad)
30. (a) (b) (c) (d)

9 2 4 48 3
6 4 5 8 3 6
(Olympiad)
52
Solutions
LEVEL - 1
1. (c) All others except (c) have been 16. (b) As, 15 ÷ 5 = 3, 18 ÷ 6 = 3,
divided diagonally. 24 ÷ 8 = 3 but 26 ÷ 9 ≠ 3. So, it
2. (d) is different from other.
3. (b) In all others except (b), 17. (d) The direction of the inside
sections have been divided in arrow is reversed.
the mid of edges. 18. (b) Cotton is the product that
4. (d) is used to make all the three
5. (a) Except 109, other numbers items.
are 4 digit number. 19. (b) Hand is the odd one out
6. (c) Except carrot, all others are because it is not a part of the
fruits. face. Eyes, lips and nose are
parts of the face
7. (c) Paper is odd one because all
the other three articles are 20. (b) Except (b) all others have
used to write on it. digits 1, 2 and 3.
8. (d) Except Mango, all others are 21. (c) As,
milk products.
9. (c) Only BIRD is written correctly.
10. (b) All except Roof are dwelling
places of animals.
11. (a) Except "a" all the three
triangles have their two corner –
marked.
12. (b) Except (b) all other figures have 22. (b) Two different shapes are
been divided horizontally. diagonally up and down.
13. (a) Except (a) all others outer 23. (d) Except "d" all others have
shape is square. similar smaller pattern
14. (a) As, 12 × 6 = 72, 8 × 9 = 72, attached to them.
B ut in "d"
Rhombus is attached to a
3 × 24 = 72 but 12 × 5 = 60. triangle.
1 2 1 3 1 24. (b)
15. (d) As, 5 , 10 = 5 , 15 = 5
25. (d) Number of ( ) inside the
11 1 shapes is equal to the number
but =
22 2 of lines required to make the
So, it is different from others. figure.
53
EBD_7018
26. (a) As, 5 × 5 = 25 6. (c) In option (c) one shape is not
6 × 6 = 36 at the outer side of the other
7 × 7 = 49 shape.
but 12 is different. 7. (b) Except JM, all others are
vowels.
27. (b) Except (b) all others are made
up of straight lines. 8. (d) As, 9 – 2 = 7, 12 – 5 = 7,
28. (d) Except bookshelf, all others 10 – 3 = 7 but, 8 – 3 = 5.
are used in Kitchen. So, option (d) does not belong
29. (b) Except "M", all others are to the group.
made up of three lines. 9. (c) Except monkey, all others are
30. (d) Except November, all others pet animals.
have 31 days each. 10. (a) As, 3 × 6 = 18, 2 × 9 = 18,
LEVEL - 2 6 × 3 = 18 but, 7 × 2 = 14
1. (c) Except Mother, all others are So, Option (a) does not belong
male members. to the group.
2. (b) Except bicycle, all others are 11. (c) Except white, all others are
motorized. rainbow colours.
3. (a) As, 7 + 0 + 3 = 10, 12. (b) Except 73, all others are even
6 + 3 + 1 = 10, 4 + 2 + 4 = 10 numbers.
But, 5 + 4 + 3 = 12 13. (d) Except 60, all others are odd
4. (c) Option (c) uses a rule most numbers.
different from Meena's 14. (c) All except 'Think' denote
pattern, as this pattern has all physical activities.
squares while Meena's pattern
has all circles. 15. (c) All shapes of option (c) have
four or more corners.
5. (d) Except sandles, all others are
jewelleries. 16. (a) Except 41, all others are
divisible by 7.
17. (c) As,
E G H, A C D, L N O But, P Q R
+2 +1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +1 +1
So, option (c) does not belong to the group.
18. (d) Except (d) all others are same.
54
19. (b) As, B G D but, F

2 7 4 (positional value) 5
The positional value of F is 6.

20. (d) Option (d) is different from 26. (b) Except (b) all others have
others. cylindrical shapes.
21. (c) Except 57, all others are 27. (c) Only option (c) has cylindrical
divisible by 5. shape.
28. (b) Except (b) all others are made
22. (d) Except (d), all others have of wood.
opposite direction.
29. (d) Except (d) all others have
23. (a) Except Tree, all others are seven straight lines, while
water bodies. option (d) has eight straight
lines.
24. (c) Except (c) all others have five
sides. 30. (b) As, 6 + 4 + 5 = 15,
25. (b) Except (b) all other letters are 9 + 2 + 4 = 15, 4 + 8 + 3 = 15

made up of straight line. but, 8 + 3 + 6 = 17
So, option (b) is odd one out.
55
EBD_7018
C H A P T E R
4
Alphabet and Sequence Test
OBJECTIVES
• Students will learn how to arrange a single series of alphabets.
• They will learn to decode the logic involved in the alphabetical
sequence.
• Students will learn to arrange words/events in a meaningful order
• They will develop the ability to know association and order.
Introduction
Alphabet is a group of English letters. Alphabet test is a test to solve the
problems based on letters of English alphabet.
Some basic facts related to Alphabet Test are given below.
I. The Alphabet Series:
The English Alphabet contains 26 letters as shown below.
A B C D E F
G H I J K L
M N O P Q R
S T U V W X
Y Z
56
II. Letters position in forward alphabetical order:
A B C D E F G H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I J K L M N O P
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Q R S T U V W X
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Y Z
25 26
III. Letters position in backward or reverse alphabetical order:
Z Y X W V U T S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
R Q P O N M L K
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
J I H G F E D C
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
B A
25 26
• Remember the word E J O T Y
IV. A, E, I, O, U are vowels and remaining letters are consonants of English

alphabet respectively.
V. A-M (1-13) letters are the first half of English alphabet.
VI. N-Z (14-26) letters are the second half of English alphabet.
57
EBD_7018
Sequence
A sequence is a set of related events, movements, or items that follow each
other in a particular order.
Types of Sequences
TYPE-I
Sequence of Words/Figures
In this particular type of problem, certain interrelated words/figures are given
and numbered, followed by various sequences of the numbers denoting them,
as alternatives.
Students are required to arrange these words/figures in a logical sequence
based on a common property and then choose the correctly graded sequence
from the given data.
Example 1
Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence. (From small to
big)
1. Elephant 2. Cat 3. Mosquito 4. Tiger 5.Whale
(a) 1 , 3 , 5 , 4 , 2
(b) 2 , 5 , 1 , 4 , 3
(c) 3 , 2 , 4 , 1 , 5
(d) 5 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 4
Ans. (c)
The correct order is :
Mosquito Cat Tiger Elephant Whale
(3) (2) (4) (1) (5)
Example 2
Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.
1. Leaf 2. Fruit 3. Stem 4. Root 5. Flower
(a) 3 , 4 , 5 , 1 , 2 (b) 4 , 3 , 1 , 5 , 2 (c) 4 , 1 , 3 , 5 , 2 (d) 4 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 5
Ans. (b)
The correct order is :
Root Stem Leaf Flower Fruit
(4) (3) (1) (5) (2)
58
Example 3
Arrange the given pictures in the proper sequence by using their alphabets.

(a) B C E A D (b) B A C E D (c) C A B E D (d) B C D E A
Ans. (b) B A C E D is the proper sequence.
TYPE-II
Formation of Words
In these type of questions, certain words are given and students are required
to observe them in order as they are asked to do.
Directions (Examples 4 & 5) : Choose the correct order of letters which are
required to from a meaningful word.
4. R P E D I
12345
(a) 1 , 3 , 2 , 5 , 4 (b) 4 , 3 , 2 , 1, 5
(c) 3 , 2 , 1 , 5 , 4 (d) 2 , 1 , 5 , 4 , 3
Ans. (d)
Here, we have to create the meaningful word and 'R' has been labelled as
1 , 'P' as 2 , 'E' as 3 , 'D' as 4 and 'I' as 5.
Now, the correct word is PRIDE. So, option (d) is correct .
5. T R I F U
1 2345
(a) 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 ,5 (b) 3 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 5
(c) 5 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 4 (d) 4 , 2 , 5 , 3 , 1
Ans. (d)
Here, we have to create the meaningful word and 'T' has been labelled as
1, 'R' as 2, 'I' as 3, 'F' as 4, and 'U' as 5.
Now, the correct word is FRUIT. So, option (d) is correct.
59
EBD_7018
LEVEL-1
1. Arrange the given pictures in a logical sequence by ordering them as per the
given numbers.

Soon the swing was Ready. Shallu enjoyed the swing ride.
1 2

Father started building Shallu and her father
the swing decided to build a swing.
3 4

(a) 4, 3, 1, 2 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4 (c) 2, 3, 4, 1 (d) 1, 3, 4, 2
2. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.
1. Key 2. Door 3. Lock 4. Room 5. Switch On
(a) 5, 1, 2, 4, 3 (b) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3 (c) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 (d) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
1. Wall 2. House 3. Room 4. Bricks
(a) 2, 1, 4, 3 (b) 2, 4, 1, 3 (c) 4, 1, 3, 2 (d) 1, 2, 3, 4
4. How many meaningful English words can be made from the letters EPOR
using each letter only once?
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four
60
Direction (Qs 5-7): Find the meaningful combination of numbers so that
letters are arranged accordingly to form a meaningful word.
5. Which one word can be formed from the following letters?
T A R S T
1 2 3 4 5
(a) 5, 1, 4, 3, 2 (b) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (d) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
6. Which one word can be formed from the following letters?
R M A H C
1 2 3 4 5
(a) 5, 4,1, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4 (c) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4 (d) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
7. Which one word can be formed by using following letters?
O R A B D
1 2 3 4 5
(a) 54132 (b) 34215 (c) 41325 (d) 42351
8. Identify the new word that can be formed using the letters of the word in
capitals.
R A N K I N G
(a) Rent (b) Run (c) Ring (d) Near
9. Which one word cannot be formed from the letters of the given word?
SHOULDER
(a) Old (b) Hold (c) Dear (d) Red
10. Arrange the following pictures in the logical sequence to identify the
process of making Ice-cream-Sundae.
4 2
5
3
1
(a)
5,6,4,3,2,1 (b)
3,2,4,5,6,1 (c)
4,5,6,2,1,3 (d)
6,5,4,1,2,3
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EBD_7018
Direction (Qs. 11-15) : Form the word using given letters and find the category
to which they belong?
11. U L T S O
(a) Flower (b) Fruit
(c) Vegetable (d) Body part
12. R I D Y A F
(a) Name of day (b) Name of month
(c) Name of fruit (d) Name of animal
13. C W H A T
(a) Used for measuring length (b) Used for calculating money
(c) Used for reading time (d) Used for measuring weight
14. S E O N
(a) Fruit (b) Flower
(c) Animal (d) Body part
15. I T R E G
(a) Flower (b) Animal
(c) Vegetable (d) Fruit
Direction (Qs. 16-18): In which of the following series, the number of the
letters skipped between adjacent letters is same?
16. (a) A B D E (b) I K M O (c) R S V W (d) B E G I
17. (a) M N O P (b) U W X Y (c) N P Q S (d) W X Y A
18. (a) E G H I (b) J K M N (c) A D G J (d) R S U W
Direction (Qs. 19-20): In each of the following questions, choose one word
which can be formed from the letters of the given word.
19. E D U C A T I O N
(a) D U E L (b) T A K E (c) N A I L (d) N I C E
20. T E A C H E R
(a) H A I R (b) T A L E (c) H E A R T (d) H O L E
62
Direction (Qs. 21-25): In each of the following questions, find the word that
cannot be made from the letters of the given word.
21. C A R P E N T E R
(a) C A R P E T (b) P A I N T E R (c) T E A R (d) N E A R
22. T E A C H E R
(a) R E A C H (b) E A C H (c) C H A I R (d) H E A R
23. C H O C O L A T E
(a) C O A L (b) L A T E (c) H O L E (d) T E L L
24. B R E A K
(a) BEAK (b) EAR (c) BEAR (d) DEAR
25. RESTAURANT
(a) EAST (b) NEST (c) TENT (d) URBAN
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EBD_7018
LEVEL-2
1. Which word can be made with the combination of the given letters ?
COURSE
(a) Force (b) Horse (c) Rose (d) Race
2. Which word can be made with the combination of the given letters ?
SCHOOL
(a) Tool (b) Owl (c) Hole (d) Cool
1. Nose 2. Lips 3. Eyes 4. Forehead 5. Chin
(a) 23451 (b) 42531 (c) 54312 (d) 43125
4. Which one word can be formed by using following letters?
B L E T A
1 2 3 4 5
(a) 13245 (b) 45123 (c) 41235 (d) 54123
5. What happens first in the given situation and then next ? Arrange the
following pictures in the proper sequence to identify the story behind it.
2
1

3 4
(a)
4,3,2,5,1 (b)
1,2,3,4,5 (c)
5,4,3,2,1 (d)
5,4,3,2,1
64
6. Identify the new word that can be formed using the letters of the word in
capitals.
D O C T O R
(a) Road (b) Tour (c) Door (d) Coat
7. Some months name are given below, arrange the months in the logical
sequence.
May , March , February , April , January , June
1 2 3 4 5 6
(a)
5,3,2,4,1,6 (b)
1,2,3,4,5,6 (c)
4,5,6,1,2,3 (d)
6,5,4,3,2,1
8. Arrange the following word in the logical sequence.
1. Good Night 2. Good Afternoon 3. Good Morning 4. Good Evening
(a) 2,3,4,1 (b) 3,2,4,1 (c) 3,1,2,4 (d) 1,2,3,4
9. Identify the new word that cannot be formed using the letters of the word
in capitals.
S A N D W I C H
(a) Wind (b) Sand (c) Hand (d) Dance
10. What happens first in the given situation and then next ? Arrange the
following pictures in the proper sequence to identify the story behind it.
1 2
3 4

(a)
4,1,2,3 (b)
1,2,3,4 (c)
4,3,2,1 (d)
3,2,4,1
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EBD_7018
Direction (Qs. 11-13): Find the meaningful combination of numbers so that
letters are arranged accordingly to form a meaningful word.
11.
E T C K O P
1 2 3 4 5 6
(a)
3,1,4,5,6,2 (b)
2,1,6,5,3,4 (c)
6,5,3,4,1,2 (d)
4,1,2,3,5,6
12.
E P L A N
1 2 3 4 5
(a)
2,4,3,5,1 (b)
2,4,3,1,5 (c)
2,3,4,5,1 (d)
4,2,5,3,1
13. A H T S M
1 2 3 4 5
(a)
5,3,1,2,4 (b)
5,1,3,2,4 (c)
5,3,1,4,2 (d)
5,1,3,4,2
14. How many meaningful English words can be made with the letters TEBI
using each letter only once in each word?
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) More than three
15. How many meaningful English words can be formed with the letters ONW
using each letter only once in each word?
Direction (Q. 16): In the following question, find out which of the letter series
follows the given rule.
16. The group of letters should not contain more than two vowels.
(a) B D E J O L (b) A P I X U J (c) P A R Q E O (d) Z I L E R A
Direction (Qs. 17-19): Unscramble the letters in the words given in the
questions and find the odd one out.
17. (a) REAPP (b) ENP (c) REAESR (d) BAELT
18. (a) RAGONE (b) KADR (c) EGERN (d) DRE
19. (a) ATES (b) EWSN (c) HONRT (d) EWTS
Direction (Qs. 20-22): In each of the following questions, choose one word
which can be formed from the letters of the given word.
20. COMPLAIN
(a) POND (b) LEAP (c) MANE (d) CAMP
66
21. NECESSARY
(a) NICE (b) LESS (c) EASY (d) SEND
22. MEASUREMENT
(a) MASTER (b) SUMMIT (c) SUPER (d) MEAL
Direction (Qs. 23-25): In each of the following questions, a word has been
given, followed by four other words, one of which can not be formed by using
the letters of the given word. Find that word.
23. REASONABLE
(a) BRAIN (b) BONES (c) NOBLE (d) NOSE
24. SUPERVISION
(a) NOISE (b) PERSON (c) POISON (d) RISE
25. How many A's are there in the following series which are immediately
followed by B?
AMBZANAABZABAZBAPZABAZAB
26. How many A's are there in the following series which are immediately
preceded by Z?
AMBBANAABZABAZBAPZABAZAB
27. Which is the only letter that occurs twice?
HDYSMWNBQPOCRTBLZVEGUF
(a) B (b) E (c) M (d) S
28. Find the word that cannot be made from the letters of the given word.
N E W S P A P E R
(a) ERASE (b) SPARE (c) REPAIR (d) RENEW
(Olympiad)
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EBD_7018
29. Find the word that which cannot be made from the letters of the given
word.
E N G A G E M E N T
(a) Men (b) Game (c) Gentle (d) Tame
(Olympiad)
30. Which word cannot be formed from the given letters?
T, O, V, U, I, W, N, S, P, R, Q, H, D, Q
(a) Hour (b) Rush (c) News (d) Word
(Olympiad)
31. Find the word which cannot be made from the letters of the given word.
I N T E LLIG E N C E
(a) Cancel (b) Incite (c) Gentle (d) Neglect
(Olympiad)
32. Find the combination of numbers so that letters are arranged accordingly
to form a meaningful word.
H U M O T
1 2 3 4 5
(a) 3, 4, 2, 5, 1 (b) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1 (c) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
(Olympiad)
68
Solutions
LEVEL - 1
1. (a) The correct sequence is 4, 3, 11. (a) Word formed is L O T U S.
1, 2. 12. (a) Word formed is FRIDAY.
2. (c) The correct order is: 13. (c) Word formed is WATCH.
14. (d) Word formed is NOSE.
Key Lock Door
15. (b) Word formed is TIGER.
1 3 2
16. (b) Carefully observe the english
Room Switch On alphabet series, only in
option (b) difference between
4 5
adjacent letters is 1.
3. (c) The correct sequence is: ABCDEFGH
Bricks Wall Room I J K L M N O P
4 1 3 Q R S T U V W X
Y Z
House
17. (a) A B C D E F G H I
2
J K L M N O P Q R
4. (b) ROPE AND PORE, two word S T U V W X Y Z
can be made.
18. (c)
5. (b) The word can be formed by
the given letters is START. A B C D E F G H I J
K L M N O P Q R S T

6. (c) The word can be formed by
the given letters is MARCH. U V W X Y Z
7. (c) The word can be formed 19. (d) L and K are not in the given
by using given letters is word.
BOARD. 20. (c) I, L and O are not in the given
word.
8. (c) The new word can be formed
using letters of the word is 21. (b) I is not in the given word.
RING. 22. (c) I is not in the given word.
9. (c) The word cannot be formed 23. (d) There is only one L in the
by using given letters is given word.
DEAR. Because 'A' is
not there in the given word. 24. (d) There is no D in the given
word.
10. (a) The correct sequence of
making sundae Ice-Cream is 25. (d) There is no B in the given
5,6,4,3,2,1 word.
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EBD_7018
LEVEL - 2
1. (c) Rose 13. (b) By observing all the options:
2. (d) Cool (a) 5 3 1 2 4 = M T A H S
3. (d) 43125 is the correct order. (b) 5 1 3 2 4 = M A T H S
4. (b) The word can be formed by (c) 5 3 1 4 2 = M T A S H

using letters is TABLE.
(d) 5 1 3 4 2 = M A T S H
5. (a)
The correct sequence is 14. (a) B I T E is the word.
4,3,2,5,1
15. (c) OWN, NOW, WON
6. (c) The word can be formed by
using letters is DOOR. 16. (a) B D E J O L has only two
vowels – E and O
7. (a) The logical sequence of
months is 5,3,2,4,1,6 17. (d) PAPER, PEN, ERASER,
TABLE
8. (b) The correct sequence is 3,2,4,1 All except TABLE are items
9. (d) E is not in the given word. of stationery.

DANCE. 18. (b) ORANGE, DARK, GREEN,
RED
10. (a) The correct sequence is 4,1,2,3
All except DARK are names
11. (c) By observing all the options: of colours.
(a) 3 1 4 5 6 2 = C E K O P T 19.
(b)
EAST, NEWS, NORTH,
WEST
(b) 2 1 6 5 3 4 = T E P O C K
All except NEWS are names
(c) 6 5 3 4 1 2 = P O C K E T of directions.
(d) 4 1 2 3 5 6 = K E T C O P 20. (d) By observing the given op-

tions.
12. (c) By observing all the options:
(a) There is no 'D' in the given
(a) 2 4 3 5 1 = P A L N E word.
(b) 2 4 3 1 5 = P A L E N (b) There is no 'E' in the given

word.
(c) 2 3 4 5 1 = P L A N E
(c) There is no 'E' in the given
(d) 4 2 5 3 1 = A P N L E word.
70
21.
(c) By observing the given 24. (c) There is only 'O' in the given
options. word.
(a) There is no 'I' in the given 25. (d) A M B Z A N A A B Z A B A Z

word. BAPZABAZAB
(b) There is no 'L' in the given 26. (c) A M B B A N A A B Z A B A Z

word. BAPZABAZAB
(d) There is no 'D' in the given 27. (a) H D Y S M W N B Q P O C R

word. TBLZVEGUF
22.
(a)
By observing the given Clearly, B occurs twice.
options.
28. (c) There is no 'I' in the given
(b) There is no 'I' in the given word.
word.
29. (c) GENTLE cannot be made
(c) There is no 'P' in the given from the letters of the given
word. words.
(d) There is no 'L' in the given 30. (c) There is no 'E' in the given
word. word.
23. (a) There is no 'I' in the given 31. (a) CANCEL cannot be made
word. from the given letters.
32. (a) MOUTH can be formed.
71
EBD_7018
C H A P T E R
5
Ranking Test
OBJECTIVES
• To enhance structural and locational abilities.
• To trace out specific mentioned positions according to a certain given
pattern.
Introduction
Position or Ranking is a place of something in a certain given conditions.
Type I:
• Identify the position of an object/a person from the left end or right end
and rank them from the top or from the bottom.
Type II:
• In this type, identify positions of two persons/objects by interchanging.
Type III:
• Identify the position of an object/a person with respect to the position or
rank of other person.
Type IV:
• Identify the position of an object/a person after removing some object/
person from the series.
Steps to Solve
 Step 1: See carefully all items given in the figure.
 Step 2: Identify the position of an object/ a person from left end or right end.
 Step 3: Think and choose the right option.
72
Directions (Examples 1–3): Observe the given figures carefully and an-
swer the questions given below.
Example 1
Shape ___________ is fifth to the left of V.
(a)
Q (b) P (c) R (d) S
Ans. (a)
Left Right
fifth to left of V
So, Q is fifth to the left of V.

Example 2
If shape S is removed from the above series, then _________ is in the middle
of the series
(a) Shape U (b) Shape V (c) Shape T (d) Shape R
Ans. (c)
P Q R S T U V W
Shape which are left : P Q R T UVW

Middle
Example 3
If shape R interchanges its position with shape U, then fourth shape to the
right of shape U is ___________ .
(a) Q (b) V (c) R (d) W
Ans. (b)
73
EBD_7018
New Formation
Fourth to the right of U

Example 4
If Anu is behind Latika, Sonam is last in the queue and Sonika is not
behind Latika, then who will be the first person in the queue?
(a) Sonika (b) Latika (c) Anu (d) Sonam
Ans. (a)
The order of the queue is
Sonika I
Latika II
Anu III
Sonam IV
So, Sonika will be the first person in the queue.
Example 5
In a row of 10 boys, Raj is fourth from the left end. What is his position from
the right end.
(a) Fourth (b) Fifth (c) Sixth (d) Seventh
Ans. (d)
Raj
Left 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Right
7th from Right
74
LEVEL-1
1. The sixth ball from the left end is __________ .
Left P Q R S T U V W Right
(a) Q (b) W (c) U (d) V
Direction ( Qs. 2 - 4): Fill in the blanks.
M N O P Q R S T
2. Tree O is just before tree __________.
(a) N (b) M (c) Q (d) P
3. Tree R is just after tree ___________ .
(a) Q (b) S (c) T (d) N
4. Which tree is between of P and R ?
(a) S (b) T (c) N (d) Q
5. The third rose from the right end is ___________ ?
Left R S T U V W X Right
(a) W (b) V (c) T (d) S
6. The __________ is second from the right end.

12
11 1
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
Left Ball Lotus Cap Pencil Clock

Right
(a) Ball (b) Lotus (c) Cap (d) Pencil
75
EBD_7018
7. Which is the fifth flower from the left end ?
Left I J K L M N O P Q R Right
(a) P (b) L (c) M (d) R
8. If shape N and shape S are removed from the series given below, then
_________ is in the middle of the series.
M N O P Q R S T U
(a)
M (b) P (c) Q (d) T
9. If Rohan is behind Lata, Meeta is last in the queue and Gayatri is not
behind Lata, then who will be the first person in the queue ?
(a) Rohan (b) Gayatri (c) Lata (d) Meeta

10. Hindi , English and Science books are kept in the manner explained below.
 Science is the last book from the top.

 Hindi book is above the science book .
 English book is not at the second place.
Which book is first from the top ?
(a) Science (b) Hindi
(c) English (d) Can't determined
11. Mitali arranged her photo frames in a straight row . The prettiest one is
in the middle. It is placed third from the right and left side. How many
photo frames does Mitali have altogether ?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
12. If we remove kite R from the row, then which kite is in the middle of the row ?
. P Q R S T U
(a) S (b) T (c) Q (d) P
76
13. P Q R S P Q R S P Q R S
Left Right
Which letter comes in the ninth position from left ?
(a) R (b) S (c) P (d) Q
14. Which letter is present in the middle position of given queue ?
P M O B L C J H I
(a) M (b) B (c) J (d) L
15. Pooja ranks seventeenth from the top and third from the bottom in a class.
How many students are there in the class ?
(a) 16 (b) 17 (c) 19 (d) 18
Direction (Qs. 16 – 20): Observe the given figure carefully and answer the
questions.
Finish Line
P Q R S T U V W X
16. Runner _________ is at the second position.
(a) X (b) P (c) W (d) S
17. Runner __________ is at the third position.
(a) V (b) R (c) P (d) Q
18. Runner ___________ is the first from the finish line.

(a) W (b) X (c) U (d) S
19. Runner ___________ is the last from the finish line.
(a) Q (b)S (c) P (d) X
20. Which Runner is in the middle of V and X ?
(a) P (b) R (c) T (d) W

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EBD_7018
21. What is the number on the 5th cloud from the left end ?
Left 5 7 14 25 10 35 Right
(a) 25 (b) 10 (c) 7 (d) 35

22. Which letter will be 4th from the left ?
Left W Z Q A E D G L M R X Right
(a) E (b)Q (c) D (d) A
Direction (Qs. 23 - 24): Observe the given figure carefully and answer the
questions based on it .
Left P Q R S T U V Right
23. What is the position of football R from the left end ?
(a) First (b) Third (c) Fourth (d) Second
24. Which football is in the middle of S and U ?
(a) P (b) R (c) T (d) V
25. There are 4 kids in the line . Aniket is the first one. Anmol is next, then
Neha then Rohan.
Neha is the ____________ one.
(a) Second (b) Third (c) Fourth (d)None of these

26. In the given picture grid, which of the following options
describes the position of ?
(a) Top Centre
(b) Top Left
(c) Top Right
(d) Centre Left
78
Direction (Qs. 27 - 30): Observe the figure given below and answer the
following questions.
Left P Q R S T U V W X Y
Right
27. _________________ is the third to the left of W.

(a) T (b) S (c) U (d) V
28. ____________ is fourth from the right end.
(a) V (b) U (c) W (d) X
29. If T is removed from the series then the ball ____________ is in the middle.
(a) V (b) U (c) S (d) W
30. Which ball lies in the middle of Q and S?
(a)
T (b) Q (c)
R (d)
U
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EBD_7018
LEVEL-2
1. Some toys are hanging in a toy shop which are shown below.
Left Right
Which toy is hanging fourth to the left of H?

(a) E (b) D (c) B (d) G
2. Eight books are arranged in a shelf shown below and given the name as P,
Q, R, S, T, U, V and W. If book R is at third position from the top, then what is
its position from the bottom?

(a)
4th
(b) 5th (c) 6th (d) 7th
80
Direction (Qs. 3 & 4): Observe the position of the toffees carefully and answer
the questions based on them.
1 2 3 4 5 6
3. If toffee 2 is removed from the row, then how many toffees are there between
1 and toffee 5?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 5
4. If the positions of toffee 2 and toffee 5 are interchanged, than which toffee
is second to the right of toffee 5?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
Direction (Qs. 5 & 6): Look at the position of flowers and answer the
questions that follow.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5. Which flower is 6th position from the right end?
(a) 3 (b)
4 (c) 6 ( d ) 7
6. If flower 6 is removed from the arrangement, then which flower is to the
immediate right of flower 5?
(a) 4 (b)
5 (c) 6 (d) 7
Direction ( Qs. 7 & 8): Observe the given figure carefully and answer the
questions based on it.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7. If one more candle is added on the left of candle 1, then how many candles
are on the left of candle 7?
(a) 6 (b)
5 (c) 7 (d) 4
8. If two candles 3 and 4 are removed, then which candle is 2nd from the right
end?
(a) 7 (b)
8 (c) 9 (d) 5
81
EBD_7018
Direction ( Qs. 9 & 10): Observe the given figure carefully and answer the

9. If is removed from the row, then which shape is in the middle of the
row?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

10. How many shapes are on the left of the third shape from the right end?
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 10
11. In an examination, Tom scored more than only Anne. Nancy scored more
than Peter. Who scored highest marks among these four?
(a) Tom (b) Anne (c) Nancy (d) Peter
Direction ( Qs. 12 - 14): Nine ice-cream cups are kept in a stand as shown
below. Answer the questions based on their positions.
A B C D E F G H I
12. If one more ice-cream cup J is kept in a stand after I, then how many ice-
cream cups are to the left of E?
(a)
5 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 4
13. If two ice-cream cups B and G are removed from stand, then which cup is
in the middle of the stand?
(a) D (b) F (c) E (d) G
14. If the positions of ice-cream cups A and E, B and I are interchanged then
which ice-cream cup is second to the left?
(a) B (b) H (c) I (d) G
15. In a race of four boys, Raj is ahead of Dev, but behind Manav. Manav is
between Amit and Raj. Who amongst the four won the race?
(a) Raj (b) Dev (c) Manav (d) Amit
Direction ( Qs. 16 & 17): Some trees are planted in a garden as shown below
and named as M, N, O, P, Q, R and S. Now, answer the questions based on
their positions.
82
M N O P Q R S
16. Which tree is between tree N and tree P?
(a)
Q (b) M (c) O (d) S
17. Which tree is fourth to the right of tree M?
(a)
Q (b) P (c) R (d) S
Direction ( Qs. 18-22): Observe the given alphabets carefully and answer the
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
18. How many alphabets are on the left of K?
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 15
19. How many alphabets are there between D and M?
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 10
20. Which alphabaet is second to the right of the thirteen letter from the left
end?
(a) K (b) M (c) O (d) J
21. If all the vowels are removed from above alphabetical series, then ________
comes just before V.
(a) U (b) W (c) S (d) T
22. If every alternate letter skipped, (skipping starts from D), then which is
fourth alphabet from the right end?
(a) U (b) S (c) V (d) S
Direction ( Qs. 23 – 25): Study the following numbers and answer the
following questions:-
78 49 23 84 81 35
23. Which is the second highest number when the first and second digits get
interchanged?
(a) 78
(b)
49 (c) 84 (d) 35
24. If one is added to the first digit of every number then which among the
following is the highest number?
(a) 78 (b) 49 (c) 84 (d) 81
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25. Which of the following number is on the third from left when all the numbers
are arranged in descending order?
(a) 84 (b) 81 (c) 78 (d) 49
26. If numbers given below are arranged in descending order, then which
number will be third from right end?
513, 845, 534, 651, 726, 149, 429, 273
(a) 149 (b) 273 (c) 513 (d) 429
27. Four runners took part in a 100 m race.
Mohit : I was neither in the second place nor the last place.
Aditya : I was faster than Mohit.
Rohit : I was the first.
Tanuj : I was slower than Mohit.
Who stood last in the race?
(a) Mohit (b) Aditya (c) Rohit (d) Tanuj
(Olympiad)
28. If we remove the girl wearing dotted dress, then which girl will be second to
the left of the third girl from the right end?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(Olympiad)
29. A few girls are standing in a row. Kavya is in the middle. Sanya, Sidhi and
Ananya are standing on the right side of Kavya. There are equal number of
girls standing on the left side and right side of Kavya. How many girls are
there in the row?
(a) 4 (b)
5 (c) 6 (d) 7
(Olympiad)
84
30. Miss Jindal is taking an English test. The time (in mins) taken by each
student is given below.
Priya Megha Garima Latika Amit Zarrin Vaishali Tanu Kavita Komal
19 16 15 18 12 25 20 9 30 14
Who will finish the test first and who will be last respecitvely? (Olympiad)
(a) Kavita, Komal (b) Tanu, Kavita
(c) Amit, Zarrin (d) Priya, Komal
31. ______ is fifth to the left of R, if U and S are removed from the given
arrangement.
(a) (b) (c) (d) (Olympiad)
32.Which box is the heaviest?
(Olympiad)
(a)
(b) (c) (d)
33.Four friends ran in a race competition. Mohit stood the last. Rohan is not
third and Riya is not first. Kirti stood after Rohan but before Riya. Who
stood at the third position?
(a) Rohan (b) Kirti (c) Riya (d) Mohit
(Olympiad)
85
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Solutions
LEVEL - 1
P Q R S T U V W
1. (c)
6th from Left
The sixth ball from the left end is U.
2. (d) Tree O is just before tree P.
3. (a) Tree R is just after the tree Q.
4. (d) Tree Q is between P and R
5. (b) R S T U V W X
Third from right
6. (d) Pencil is second from the right end.
7. (c)
I J K L M N O P Q R
5th from left

Hence, M is the fifth flower from the left end.
8. (c)
Left M N O P Q R S T U Right
Middle
9. (b) Gayatri will be the first person is the queue.
1 Gayatri
2 Lata
3 Rohan
4 Meeta
10. (c) Books' Ranking
1. English
2. Hindi
3. Science
86
11. (b)
Left Right
Frame 1 Frame 1 Frame 1 Frame 1 Frame 1
Middle
Total number of frames are 5.
12. (a) New formation :
Left Right
P Q S T U
Middle
P Q R S P Q R S P Q R S
13. (c) Left Right
ninth from left
P M O B L C J H I
14. (d)
Middle
15. (c) (Rank of Pooja from upper level + Rank of Pooja from lower level ) – 1
= (17+3) – 1
= 20 – 1 = 19
16. (c) Runner W is at the second position in the race
17. (a) Runner V is at the third position.
18. (b) Runner X is first from the finish line .
19. (c) Runner P is the last from the finish line
20. (d) Runner W is in the middle of V and X.
21. (b) 10 is the number of 5th cloud from the left end.
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22. (d) W Z Q A E D G L M R X
4th from Left

23. (b) P Q R S T U V
Third from left

24. (c) P Q R S T U V
T is in the middle of S and U.
25. (b) 1. Aniket
2. Anmol
3. Neha
4. Rohan
26. (c) The position of is top right.
27. (a)
P Q R S T U V W X
III II I
28. (a) Left P Q R S T U V W X Y Right.
29. (b)
30. (c) R lies in the middle of Q and S.
LEVEL - 2
1. (b)
The positions of the toys hanging in a toy shop can be shown as
Left A B C D E F G H I J
Fourth to the left of H
88
2. (c) Arrangement of Books :
Top
P
3rd from the Top

Q
T
6th from the bottom
U
W
Bottom
So, R is at 6th position from the bottom.

3. (c) There are two toffees between toffee 1 and toffee 5 when toffee 2 is re-
moved and this can be shown as
1 2 3 4 5 6

So, 3 and 4 will be between toffee 1 and toffee 5.
4. (c) When toffee 2 and toffee 5 interchange its positions, then the positions of
toffees can be shown as

So, toffee 4 is second to the right of toffee 5.
5. (a) Flower's Positions :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
6th from the right

6. (d)
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7. (c) New Formation
One more 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
added
Left of candle 7
So, there will be 7 candles from the left of candle 7.
8. (c) New Formation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Left 2rd from right Right
9. (b) New Arrangement

10. (b)
3rd from right
There are 7 shapes on the left of the third shape from the right end.
11. (c) Arrangement of students according to marks
Nancy > Peter > Tom > Anne
Nancy scored the highest marks.
12. (d) Ice-cream cups arrangement:
Left Right
So, there are 4 ice-cream cups to the left of cup E.
90
13. (c) New Arrangement:
A B C D E F G H I
Middle
So, E is in the middle of the stand.

14. (c) New Arrangement:
E I C D A F G H B
Left 2nd to the left Right
So, I is second to the left.
15. (d) Positions of four participants:
Amit Manav Raj Dev
(1) (2) (3) (4)
So, Amit won the race.
16. (c)
N O P
Between tree N and P
17. (a)
The arrangement can be shown as
Left Right
So, Q is 4th to the right of tree M.
18. (b)
A B C D E F G H I J K
Left of K

There are 10 alphabets on the left of K.
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19. (c)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
8 alphabets

20. (c)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
Second to 13th from left
21. (d)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V
22. (b)
B
Left

23. (a) After Interchange:
87 94 32 48 18 53
24. (c) After one is added:
78 49 23 84 81 35
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
88 59 33 94 91 45

25. (c) Descending order:
84 81 78 49 35 23
3rd from left

26. (d) Descending order:
845, 726, 651, 534, 513, 429, 273, 149
Left Right
27. (d) Runners' ranking in race:
Rohit Aditya Mohit Tanuj

I II III IV
So, Tanuj stood last in the race.
92
28. (a) If we remove the girl wearing dolled dress, then the girl in option (a) will
be second to the left of the third girl from the right end.
Kavya Sanya Sidhi Ananya
29. (d) Left Right

So, there are seven girls in the row.
30. (b) Ascending Order of students (in terms of time taken)
Student Tanu Amit Komal Garima Megha Latika Priya Vaishali Zarrin Kavita
Time 9 12 14 15 16 18 19 20 25 30
(in
mins)
First Last
31 (c)
Hence, is the fifth letter of R.
32. (d) > > >
33. (c) Friends' Positions:
Rohan Kirti Riya Mohit

I II III IV
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C H A P T E R
6
Coding – Decoding
OBJECTIVES
• To transmit an information from one place to other using some codes
so as to reach to other person safely.
• To judge a child's ability to decipher the rule that codes a particular
word and number.
Introduction
A Code is a ‘system of signals’. Coding is a method of transmitting a message
between the sender and the receiver without a third person knowing it.
Before transmitting, the data is encoded and at receiver side encoded
data is decoded in order to obtain original data by determining common key in
encoded data.
Types of Coding-Decoding
1. Letter Coding
2. Number Coding
3. Substitution Coding
Type I: Letter Coding
In this type, the real alphabets are replaced by certain other alphabets according
to a specific rule to form its code. Students are required to detect the common
rule and answer the questions accordingly.
Case 1: Direct Letter Coding
Example 1
In a certain code, RAN is written as SBO and BAT is CBU, then how will RAT
be written in that code?

(a)
SAU (b)
RBT (c)
SBU (d)
UBS
Ans. (c)
94
Explanation:
Letter R A N B T
Code S B O C U
By direct code method, we get
R S, A B, T U
So, RAT will be written as SBU.
Case 2: To form the code for another word (CODING)
Example 2
In a certain language, SUN is coded as TVO, then how is FUN coded in that
code?
(a) FVO (b) GVO (c) NUF (d) OVG

Ans. (b)
As, S U N Similarly, F U N
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
T V O G V O
So, FUN would be coded as GVO
Type II: Number Coding
In these questions, either numerical code values are assigned to a word or

alphabetical code letters are assigned to the numbers. Students are required
to analyse the code as per the question.
Example 3
If in a certain code, FOUR is written as 3256 and MARE is written as 4167,
how is MORE written in that code?

(a)
3416 (b)
4267 (c)
4326 (d)
7624
Ans. (b)
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Explanation:
The alphabets are coded as shown:
F O U R M A E
3 2 5 6 4 1 7
So, In MORE,
M 4, O 2, R 6, E 7
Thus, the code for MORE is 4267.
Type III: Substitution Coding

In these types of questions, letter of words are substituted for either a new
letter or a numeric.
Example 4
If ‘pen’ is ‘table’, ‘table’ is ‘fan’, ‘fan’ is ‘chair’ and ‘chair’ is ‘roof ’, then which of
the following will a person sit?
(a) Fan (b) Chair (c) Roof (d) Table

Ans. (c)
Explanation:
A person will sit on the ‘chair’ and ‘chair’ is called ‘roof ’.
So, the person will sit on the ‘roof ’.
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LEVEL-1
1. If white is called blue, blue is called red, red is called yellow, yellow is
called green, what would be the colour of human blood?
(a) Red (b) Green (c) Yellow (d) Violet
2. If pen is called butter, butter is called soap, soap is called ink, ink is called
honey, which of the following is used for washing clothes?
(a) Honey (b) Butter (c) Red (d) Ink
Direction (Qs. 3 & 4): Study the table and answer the following questions.
Figures
Codes B M T G L F S T K J
3. What is the code of ?

(a) BF (b) FT (c) BM (d) KT
4. What is the code of ?
(a) TL (b) TK (c) KJ (d) SK
5. If 'RAJU' is coded as 4 - 3 - 2 - 6 and 'JUNK' is coded as 1 - 6 - 5 - 8, then
how will you code 'RANK'?
(a) 4 - 6 - 5 - 8 (b) 4 - 3 - 6 - 8 (c) 4 - 3 - 5 - 8 (d) 1 - 6 - 5 - 8
6. If air is called green, green is called blue, blue is called sky, sky is called
yellow, then what is the colour of clear sky?
(a) Yellow (b) Pink (c) Sky (d) Water
7. If sky is called sea, sea is called water, water is called air and air is called
cloud, then what do we drink when thirsty?
(a) Sky (b) Air (c) Water (d) Sea
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Direction (Qs. 8–11): Study the table and answer the following questions.
Letters A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
Codes 2 m x q 9 e f o d 1 6 r 4 t
8. Find the code for 'CHALK'.
(a) x o24t (b) 4t2r6 (c) x o2r6 (d) x ord6
9. Find the code for 'GAME'.
(a) f m 4 9 (b) f 2 4 9 (c) o 2 4 9 (d) f 2 4 e
10. Find the code for 'ANKLE'.
(a) t 2 1 r 9 (b) 2 t 6 r 9 (c) 2 t 6 r e (d) t 2 6 r d
11. Find the code for 'IDEAL'.
(a) d q 9 2 4 (b) d q 9 m x (c) d q e f o (d) d q 9 2 r
12. If train is called bus, bus is called tractor, tractor is called car, car is called
scooter, which is used to plough a field?
(a) Train (b) Bus (c) Tractor (d) Car
13. If room is called bed, bed is called window, window is called flower and
flower is called cooler, on what would a man sleep?
(a) Window (b) Bed (c) Flower (d) Cooler
14. If = M, = R, = O and = K, then what is the code for the

given figures?
(a) M R O K (b) M O R K (c) M K R O (d) R O K M
15. If in a certain code 'POND' is written as 'OPDN' then in the same code
how 'PARK' is written?
(a) A P K R (b) A P R K (c) K R A P (d) K R P A
16. If PALE is coded as 2134, EARTH is coded as 41590, how can PEARL be
coded in that language?
(a) 25430 (b) 25413 (c) 29530 (d) 24153
98
17. If eraser is called box, box is called pencil, pencil is called sharpener and
sharpener is called bag, what will a child write with?
(a) Eraser (b) Box (c) Sharpener (d) Pencil
18. If cloud is called white, white is called rain, rain is called green, green is
called air, air is called blue and blue is called water, where will the birds
fly?
(a) Air (b) Cloud (c) White (d) Blue
19. If book is called watch, watch is called bag, bag is called bottle and bottle
is called window. Which is used to carry the books?
(a) Bottle (b) Bag (c) B
oo k (d) Watch
20. In a certain code, the following numbers are coded by assigning signs.
Numbers 1 2 3 4 5
Signs < + >
What is the code for the number 341?

(a) > + (b) > + < (c) > < (d) +<
21. If 'APE' is written '369' then how would 'PEA' be written in the code
language?
(a) 369 (b) 936 (c) 963 (d) 693
22. In a certain code, P is 1, A is 3, C is 5 and E is 7. How is PEACE is written
in that code?
(a) 17371 (b) 17157 (c) 31753 (d) 17357
23. If '256' is the code for 'CAT' and '1564' is the code for 'RATE', then 251 is
the code for?
(a) A T E (b) C A R (c) T E A (d) E A T
24. In a certain language 'BEE' is coded as @ ¬¬ and 'ANT' is coded as $ # &,

how is 'BAT' is written in that code?
(a) @¬& (b) @#& (c) @$& (d) ¬#&
25. If in a certain code, 'CAT' is written as 'BAT' and 'MEN' is written as

'LEN', then how will 'GUN' be written in that code?
(a) BUN (b) RUN (c) NUN (d) FUN
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26. If SUN is coded as 3 and MOON as 4, then what is the code for PLANET?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 6
Direction (Qs. 27 & 28): The number in each question below is to be codified
in the following code :
Digits 7 2 1 5 3 9 8 4 6
Letter code M H O T L N E A S
27. How is 215 be written in coded form?
(a) OTH (b) HOT (c) LOT (d) NOT

28. How is 6438 be written in coded form?
(a) SAEL (b) SALE (c) SLEA (d) LEAS
29. In a certain code, 'DUCK' is written as 'KCUD'. How is 'PARROT' is written

in that code?
TORARP TPARRO TORRAP TAORRP

(a) (b) (c) (d)
30. If paper is called wood, wood is called straw, straw is called grass, grass is
called rubber and rubber is called cloth, what is the furniture made up of?
(a) Paper (b) Wood (c) Straw (d) Grass

100
LEVEL-2
1. In a certain code 'DEAR' is written 'READ', how will be'FEAR' is written in
that code?
(a) REAF (b) RFEA (c) RAEF (d) FAER
2. If TAP is coded as TPA, then how is FAN coded?
(a) FNA (b) NAF (c) NFA (d) FAN
3. 456789 is the code for MOTHER, 4598 is the code for?
(a) MORE (b) MOER (c) MOET (d) MOAT
4. If is called , is called and is called ,

then
which fruit is of yellow colour?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Direction (Qs. 5 – 7) : Some numbers and their codes are given in the table
below:
Numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Codes A @ E G # K M O &
5. What is the code for 2468 ?

(a) @G&# (b) OKG@ (c) @GKO (d) None of these
6. What is the code for 1579 ?
(a) A#M& (b) &M#A (c) @AM& (d) @#&M
7. What is the code for 2934?
(a) @EG& (b) EG@& (c) &@GE (d) @&EG
8. If means , means , means and means , then

which of the following geometrical shapes is ring?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

9. If in a certain code, 'PEAR' is written as 'REAP', then how will 'HEAR' be
written in that code?
(a) REAH (b) RHEA (c) EAHR (d) RAEH
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10. If '123' is the code for 'CAT' and '456' is the code for 'HEN', then 423 is the
code for
(a) NET (b) EAT (c) HAT (d) None of these
11. If in a certain code, 'CLEVER' is written as 'LCVERE', then how will
'SHOWER' be written in that code?
(a) REWOHS (b) SHWOER (c) HSWORE (d) OWREHS
12. If in a certain language, 'CAN' is coded as @%$ and 'MAN' is coded as
&%$, how is 'FAN' written in that code?
(a) $%* ( b) *%$ (c) $%& (d) *&$
Direction (Qs. 13 - 15) : Some letters and their codes are given in the table
below:
Letters A E I L N O P R S
Codes 2 # 6 % 4 * @ $ 8
13. What is the code for 'LION'?
(a) %$*4 (b) %6*4 (c) 4*6% (d) 2468
14. What is the code for 'APPLE' ?
(a) 2@@%# (b) #%@@2 (c) %@@2# (d) @#$%*
15. What is the code for 'POOR' ?
(a) @*$* (b) *@$$ (c) @**$ (d) $@**
16. If A = 1 and AB = 3, then CAB = ?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 3
17. If in a certain code, 'JUNE' is written as 'KVNE', then how will 'HOME' be
written in that code?
(a) EMOH (b) IOME (c) IPNF (d) IPME
Direction (Qs. 18 – 20) : Some figures and their codes are shown below. Based
on these answer the questions that follow.
Figures
Codes @* *# %* *& **
102
18. What is the code for ?
(a) *@*# (b) %*&* (c) *#*& (d) #*%*

(a) **@* (b) *@** (c)*%*# (d) %*#*

(a) @%*& (b) %**& (c) *@*# (d) *%*#
21. In a certain code, the following numbers are coded by assigning the
following signs.
Number 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Sign > = + - < ×
Which number can be decoded from the given symbols?
+><×
(a) 86423 (b) 23468 (c) 68423 (d) 32468
22. If the word 'LEADER' is coded as 5-7-9-11-7-15, then how would you write
'DEAR'?
(a) 11-7-9-15 (b) 11-9-7-15 (c) 15-9-7-11 (d) 9-7-11-15
23. If is called , is called and is called , then which

is used to form a box of all equal faces?
24. If 'Rabbit' is called 'Peacock', 'Peacock' is called 'Lion', 'Lion' is called 'Tiger',
who is the king of jungle?
(a) Rabbit (b) Peacock (c) Lion (d) Tiger (Olympiad)
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25. If 'Fork' is called 'Glass', 'Glass' is called 'Tray', 'Tray' is called 'Bucket',
then what is used to drink water ?
(a) Fork ( b) Glass (c) Tray (d) Bucket (Olympiad)
26. If 'Eyes' means 'Nose', 'Nose' means 'Hands', ' Hands' means 'Ears' and
'Ears', means ,'Teeth', then which organ is used to breathe?
(a) Eyes ( b) Nose (c) Hands (d) Ears (Olympiad)

27. If 'Pen' is written as 'Eraser', 'Eraser' is written as 'Book' and 'Book' is
written as 'Watch', then __________ is used to erase anything written
wrong.
(a) Pen (b) Eraser (c) Book (d) Watch (Olympiad)
28. If 'Circle' means 'Square', 'Square' means 'Rectangle', 'Rectangle', means
'Triangle', then which figure can be drawn having four equal sides?
(a) Circle (b) Square (c) Rectangle (d) Triangle (Olympiad)
29. If 'Desk' is called 'Chair', 'Chair' is called 'Blackboard', 'Blackboard' is
called 'Duster' and 'Duster' is called 'Chalk', then where does the teacher
write in the classroom?
(a) Desk (b) Chair (c) Duster (d) Blackboard (Olympiad)
30. If and ,
then (Olympiad)
(a)

(b)
(c)

(d)
104
Solutions
LEVEL - 1 So, the colour of clear sky is

'sky'.
1. (c) The colour of human blood is
red. But here, red is called 7. (b) We drink 'water' when thirsty
yellow. and as given, 'water' is called
'air'. Hence, we drink air
2. (d) Soap is used for washing when thirsty.
clothes. But here, soap is
8. (c) The word' CHALK' is decoded
called ink.
as:
3. (a) The code for is B CHALK
The code for is F x o 2 r 6

Hence, BF is the correct 9. (b) The word 'GAME' is decoded
answer. as:
4. (b) The code for is T.
The code for is K.

Hence, TK is the correct 10. (b) The word 'ANKLE' is decoded
answer. as:
5. (c) We have, ANKLE

R 
→4 and J 
→1
2 t 6 r 9
A 
→3 U 
→ 6
J 
→ 2 N 
→ 5 11. (d) The word 'IDEAL' is decoded
U 
→6 K 
→ 8 as:
I DEAL
Similarly,
d q 92 r
R 4
A 3
12. (d) A tractor is used to plough
N 5
field, but here a 'tractor' is

K 8 called 'car'. So, a car is used to
plough a field.
Here, each letter is assigned
a specific code. 13. (a) A man sleeps on a 'bed'
6. (c) The colour of clear sky is and as given, 'bed' is
'blue' and blue is called 'sky'. called window'. So, a man
would sleep on a window.
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14. (c) The code for given figures is: 21. (d) As
A 3 P 6
P 6 E 9
E 9 Similarly, A 3
M K R O 22. (d) If 'P' means 1, 'A' means 3, 'C'
means 5 and 'E' means 7.
15. (a) As,

P O N D P A R K
P E A C E
O P D N Similarly, A P K R
Then, 1 7 3 5 7
16. (d) Letters are coded as: 23. (b) Given numbers are coded as:
P A L E R T H 2 5 6 1 4
2 1 3 4 5 9 0 C A T R E
So, PEARL is coded as 24153 Thus, the code for 251 is CAR.
17. (c) Child writes with a 24. (c) As given, the letters are coded
pencil. Here, the code for as:
pencil is sharpener. So, B E A N T
option (c) is correct.
@ $ # &
18. (d) Clearly, the birds fly in the
'air' and 'air' is called 'blue'. So, the code for BAT is @$&.
C A T M E N
So, the birds fly in the 'blue'. –1 –1
25 (d) As, and
19. (a) Clearly, a 'bag' is used to carry B A T L E N
the books but here a 'bag' is called Similarly,
'bottle'.
G U N
So, a 'bottle' will be used ,to –1
carry the books. F U N
20. (c) According to the given table So, GUN would be coded as FUN.
1 2 3 4 5 26.
(d)
Each word is coded by
the numeral which is
+> equal the number of
< letters in the word.
Hence, the code for the number
341 is > < Since, there are 6 letters in the
word PLANET. So, required
code is 6.
106
27. (b) Here, Similarly, F A N
2 1 5
H O T N A
F
So, the code for 215 is HOT.
3. (a) As,
28. (b) Here,
M O T H E R
6 4 38
S A L E
So, the code for 6438 is SALE. 4 5 6 7 8 9
29. (c) As, So, code for 4 5 9 8
1 2 3 4 Reverse 4 3 2 1

D U C K Order KCUD
Similarly, M O R E

1 2 3 4 5 6 Reverse 6 5 4 3 2 1

P A R R O T Order T O R R A P
4. (d) The colour of is yellow,
30. (c) The furniture is made up of but here is called .

'wood' and as given 'wood' is
called 'straw'. So, the colour of is yellow.
So, the sky is made up of
'straw'. 5. (c) From the given table,
2 4 68
LEVEL - 2
@ G KO
1. (a) As, So, the code for 2468 is @GKO.
D E A R F E A R 6. (a) From the given table,
1 5 7 9
Similarly,
R E A D RE A F A # M &
2. (a) As, T A P is coded So, the code for 1579 is A#M&.
7. (d) From the given table,

2 9 3 4
T P A
@ & E G
So, the code for 2934 is @&EG.
107
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13. (b) From the given table,
8. (d) The ring's shape is , but
L %, I 6, O *, N 4
here is called .
So, the code of LION is %6*4.
9. (a) As,
14. (a) From the given table,
P E A R H E A R
Similarly, A 2, P @, P @, L %, E #
R E A P R E A H So, the code of APPLE is 2@@%#.
10. (c) Given codes: 15. (c) From the given table,
P @, O *, O *, R $
1 C, 2 A, 3 T, 4 H,
So, the code of POOR is @**$.
5 E, 6 N
So, the code for 423 will be HAT. 16. (c) Here, A = 1, B = 2, C = 3
(Positional value)
11. (c) As, A=1 and AB = 1 + 2 = 3
Then, CAB = 2 + 1 + 3 = 6.
C L E V E R
17. (d) As, J U N E
Similarly, +1 +1
L C V E R E
K V N E
S H O WE R
Similarly, H O M E
+1 +1
H S W O R E
I P M E
12. (b) As,
18. (c) From the given table,
C A N and MAN

@ % $ & % $
then, FAN
*# *&

So, option (c) is correct.
* % $
108
19. (a) From the given table, 23. (c) As, the shapes of box is ,
but here is called . So, the
option (c) is correct.
24.
(d) As we know that the
king of jungle is 'Lion',
** @* but here 'Lion' is called
'Tiger'. So, 'Tiger' is the king of
So, option (a) is correct. jungle.
20. (b) From the given table,
25. (c) As we use 'Glass' to drink
water, but here 'Glass' is called
'Tray'. So, 'Tray' is used to drink
water.
26. (a) As we breathe from 'Nose',

but here 'Eyes' means 'Nose'. So,
%* *& 'Eyes' is used to breathe.

So, option (b) is correct. 27. (c)
'Eraser' is used to erase
21. (c) From the given table, anything written wrong,
+ > < × but here 'Eraser' is written
as 'Book'. So, 'Book' is used to
erase anything written wrong.
6 8 4 2 3 28. (a) 'Square' having four

So, the code for + > < × is 68423. equal sides, but here 'Cir-
22. (a) As, cle' means 'Square'. So,
'Circle' can be drawn having
L E A D E R
four equal sides.
29. (c) The teacher write in

5 7 9 11 7 15 the classroom on the
'Blackboard', but here 'Black
Then, D E A R board' is called 'duster'. So,
'Duster' is the answer.

30. (b) Option (b) is correct answer.
11- 7 - 9 -15
So, option (a) is correct.
109
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C H A P T E R
7
Time, Days and Dates & Possible
Combinations
OBJECTIVES
• Students will get familiarity with the days of the week and months of
the year.
• They will learn reading calendar to find a particular day and date.
• Students will be able to find the number of possible combinations in a
given situation and calculate probabilities involved with them.
TIME
Time is measured with the help of a clock or a watch. A clock has two hands.
• The shorter hand is called the Hour Hand.

• The longer hand is called the Minute Hand.
• The face of the clock is divided in 12 equal divisions.
• The hour hand takes 12 hour to complete 1 round. It moves round
the clock twice a day.
• The minute hand takes 1 hour to complete one round. In 1 round,
minute hand moves through 60 small divisions, each of which is
equal to 1 minute.
110
• On the clock, there are 5 minutes between the two consecutive
numbers.
• The minute hand moves 24 times round the clock in one day.
DAYS
The duration of 24 hours (from one mid-night to the next mid-night)
is called 1 day.
1 day = 24 hours
Days of a Week
There are 7 days in a week.
The names of the seven days of the week in order are:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow
Sunday Monday Tuesday
1.
Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Monday Tuesday Wednesday
2.
Yesterday Today Tomorrow
MONTHS
Some months have 30 days and some have 31 days, except February, which
has 28 days. But in a leap year, the month February has 29 days.
(30 days) (31 days)
(31 days) November October
December April March (30 days)
May September
(30 days)
June
(28/29 days)
(31 days) February
July (31 days)
January
August
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Example 1
Sita remembers that her brother Anuj's birthday was after 15th but before
20th September, while her mother remembers that Anuj's birthday was after
17th but before 19th September. On which date of September was Anuj's
birthday?
(a) 16th (b) 18th (c) 19th (d) 20th
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
According to Sita Anuj's birthday was: 16, 17, 18 , 19
According to her mother Anuj's birhtday was: 18
According to both common days is 18th September.
Hence, Anuj's birth was on 18th September.
Example 2
If 22nd August is Sunday, What day was on 22 days before?
(a) Sunday (b) Monday (c) Friday (d) Saturday
Ans. (d)
Explanation:
Difference of No. of days = 22
No. of odd days = 1
[Because 22/7 = 3 + 1]
1 day before Sunday is Saturday.
Hence, it will be Saturday before 22 days.
Example 3
What will be the time 3 hours after 10 a.m.?
(a) 1:00 a.m. (b) 1:00 p.m. (c) 12'o clock (d) 2:00 p.m.
Ans. (b)
after
12 1 3 hours
11
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 6 5
1 : 00 pm time will be 3 hours after 10:00 am.
112
Example 4
What is the time taken by a minute hand to move from one number to
the next number?
(a) 10 minutes (b) 1 minutes (c) 5 minutes (d) 2 minutes

Ans. (c) 5 minutes time is taken by a minute hand to move from one number
to the next number.
Possibility
Possibility is a thing that may be chosen or done out of several possible
alternatives.
Combination
A combination is a selection of all or part of objects, without regard to the order
in which objects are selected.
For example, suppose we have a set of three letters: A, B, and C. We might ask
how many ways we can select 2 letters from that set. Each possible selection
would be an example of a combination. The complete list of possible selections
would be: AB and BC.
Example 5
How many possible combination of 1 man and 1 woman can be formed

from 3 men and 3 women?
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 9 (d) 18

Ans. (c)
Explanation:
Men (M1, M2, M3) and Women (W1, W2, W3)
Possible combinations:
(M1 W1), (M1 W2), (M1 W3), (M2 W1), (M2 W2), (M2 W3), (M3 W1),
(M3 W2), (M3 W3).
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LEVEL-1
1. Priyanka will arrive at the Manor resort in Kerela on 8th July and will stay
three nights. On what date will Priyanka check out from the resort?
(a) 12th July (b) 11th July (c) 15th July (d) 7th July
2. Mehul was born on September 5th. Jaya was born on November 5th of the
same year. How many months older is Mehul?
(a) 3 months (b) 5 months (c) 2 months (d) 1 months
3. If today is 4th day from Sunday, then what day is today?

(a) Tuesday (b) Wednesday (c) Thursday (d) Friday
Direction (Qs. 4 & 5): Choose the correct option for the following questions.
4. Today is Wednesday then, second day from today is _________.
(a) Monday (b) Sunday (c) Friday (d) Saturday
5. If today is Monday, then 6th day from today is _________.
(a) Thursday (b) Saturday (c) Tuesday (d) Friday
rd
6. If today is Thursday and Preeti's birthday is on 3 day after today, then on
which day she will celebrate her birthday?
(a) Sunday (b) Friday (c) Monday (d) Tuesday
7. If Amit takes a leave on 2nd Saturday and 4th Saturday in August 20XX, then
how many days is he working? (Assume that every Sunday is a holiday.)
August 20XX
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31

(a) 24 (b) 25 (c) 26 (d) 23
8. If today is Saturday, then what day will be 8th day?
(a) Sunday (b) Friday (c) Thursday (d) Tuesday
114
9. How many months in a year have 31 days ?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 4
10. If yesterday was 2nd day after Tuesday then what is today?
(a) Saturday (b) Friday (c) Sunday (d) Monday
11. Tamana was born on April 7,1975. How old will she be on her birthday in
2016?
(a) 48 (b) 54 (c) 41 (d) 50
12. Which month has 28 or 29 days in a year?
(a) January (b) April (c) February (d) June
13. How many months have 30 days in a year?
(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 4
14. In a leap year, there are ________ days in a year.
(a) 365 (b) 366 (c) 375 (d) 386
Direction (Qs. 15&17): Observe the clock and tell the time.
15. 12 1
11
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
(a) 12:09 (b) 9:00 (c) 7:45 (d) 12:40
16.
12 1
11
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6

(a) 5:00 (b) 1:00 (c) 12:05 (d) 2:00
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12 1
17. 11
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
(a) 4:00 (b) 12:15 (c) 2:20 (d) 3:00
Direction (Qs. 18-20): Choose the correct option.
18. Which of the following days comes between Friday and Sunday?
(a) Monday (b) Saturday (c) Tuesday (d) Thursday
19. How many minutes are there in 1 day?
(a) 1200 minutes (b) 600 minutes
(c) 1800 minutes (d) 1440 minutes
20. Which of the following months has 31 days?
(a) September (b) April (c) June (d) May
Direction (Qs. 21&22): Use the following diagram to solve the given questions.
21. If you spun the spinner 1 time, what is the possibility it would land on a
grey piece?
(a) 2 out of 7 (b) 1 out of 7 (c) 3 out of 7 (d) 4 out of 7
22. If you spun the spinner 1 time, what is the possibility it would land on a
white piece?
(a) 2 out of 7 (b) 1 out of 7 (c) 3 out of 7 (d) 4 out of 7
23. Which letter is the spinner least likely to land on?
B B
C
A D
C
C
A
D B
A B A

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
116
24. Which number is the spinner most likely to land on?
2 1
4 3
3 2
3 4
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
25. Which two numbers is the spinner equally likely to land on?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4 (c) 2 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
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LEVEL-2
Direction (Qs. 1-5): Look at the following calendar and answer the following
questions.
August 2010
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
1. How many Saturdays are there in the month of August 2010?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 6
2. What is the day on 17th August?
(a) Monday (b) Thursday (c) Saturday (d) Friday
3. How many days are there in the months of August?
(a) 29 (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 28
4. What is the last day of the month?
(a) Monday (b) Wednesday (c) Friday (d) Thursday
5. How many Thursday are there in the month of August?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 3
Direction (Qs. 6-8): Read the statements given below and choose the right
option for them.
6. How many months does a year have?
(a) 30 (b) 31 (c) 12 (d) 28
7. The hour hand takes __________ to complete 1 hour.
8. Which month of the year has least number of days?
(a) January (b) November (c) May (d) February
9. The school bus leaves for school at 8:00 a.m . It takes one hour thirty minutes
to reach the school . At what time will the school bus arrive at school?
(a) 7:30 am (b) 9:00 am (c) 9:30 am (d) 7:40 am
10. Which day will it be tomorrow, if today is Wednesday?
(a) Thursday (b) Friday (c) Saturday (d) Sunday
11. The minute hand takes ____________ minutes to move from 3 to 9
(a) 30 (b) 10 (c) 28 (d) 40
118
12. Look at the following schedule:
Tour boat schedule
Location Arrive Depart
Robers Cave 9:00 A.M. 10:00 A.M.
Appu Island 12:00 P.M. 1:00 P.M.
Elephant Lighthouse 2:00 P.M. 3:00 P.M.
Lion Docks 5:00 P.M. 6:00 P.M.
Sea Town 8:00 P.M. 9:00 P.M.
How much time passes between the boat arriving at Robers' Cave and
arriving at Appu Island?
(a) 1 hour (b) 2 hours (c) 3 hours (d) 5 hours
13. Look at the clock. What time will it be in 60 minutes?
12
11 1
10 2
9 3
8 4
7 5
6
(a) 2:00 (b) 2:45 (c) 3:00 (d) 3:15
14. If there are twenty four hours in one day, how many hours are there in one
week?
(a) 160 hours (b) 168 hours (c) 170 hours (d) 178 hours
15. The start and end times of a circus are shown on adjoining clocks. How many minutes
did the circus last?
12 12
11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5
6 6

Start Time End Time
16. Riya was allowed to pick one candy and one drink at a Birthday party. The
types are listed below.
Candy Drink
Taffy Lemonade
Chocolate Soda
How many different combinations could she make?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
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17. What are the possible combinations of deep dish pizza and 1 topping?
pepperoni
deep dish pizza
mushrooms
pepperoni
thin crust pizza
mushrooms
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
18. In how many different ways can the rabbit return to its home?
Rabbit's
Home

(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
19. A "Happy Journey!" greeting was exchanged exactly once between two good
friends. How many "Happy Journey!" greetings were exchanged among
eight good friends?
(a) 32 (b) 42 (c) 38 (d) 28
(Olympiad)
20. In how many different ways can the dog reach its kennel?
(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 9 (d) 8

(Olympiad)
21. If Latika takes a leave of 17th July and comes only on odd number of days
in July 20XX, then how many days she does not work? (Assume that every
Sunday is holiday.)
July 20XX
S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31 (Olympiad)
(a) 17 (b) 18 (c) 16 (d) 13
120
22. In the figure, there are _________ possible combinations of 1 boy and 2
girls.
Sanchi Kush
Manha Pranay
Sidak
Sidhi (Olympiad)
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 6
23. How many triangles can be formed using toothpicks given below, if each
toothpick is used once?

(Olympiad)
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 6 (d) 4
24. If yesterday was Monday, then day after tomorrow will be ___________.
(a) Thursday (b) Wednesday (c) Friday (d) Saturday
(Olympiad)
25. In how many ways can a cat reach its food?
(Olympiad)
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
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EBD_7018
Solutions
LEVEL - 1
1. (b) Priyanka will stay 3 nights in the resort
th th th th
8 9 10 11
1 2 3
Nights
So, Priyanka will checkout from the resort on 11th July.
2. (c)
3. (b) Today is 4th day from Sunday and 4th day from Sunday is Wednesday
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday. Today is Wednesday.
4. (c) Friday
5. (b) Saturday
6. (a) Sunday
Today Next day Second day Third day
Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
7. (b) After excluding 2nd, 4th Saturday and 4 Sundays, the working days in the
month of August are 25.
8. (a) If today is Saturday then the 8th day will be Sunday.
9. (c) Following months have 31 days in a year.
January, March, May, July, August, October, December.
10. (b)
Starting day First day Second day Today
(yesterday)
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
11. (c) Tamana born on 7 April, 1975
Her age in 2016 will be = 41
12. (c) February
13. (d) There are 4 months have 30 days in a year i.e.,
April, June, September, November.
122
14. (b) 366
15. (b) 9:00
16. (c) 12:05
17. (d) 3:00
18. (b) Saturday
19. (d) 1 day = 24 hours
1 hour = 60 minutes
24 hours = 60 × 24 = 1440 minutes
20. (d) May
21. (a) Total number of pieces = 7
Number of grey pieces = 2
So, possibility of landing on a grey piece = 2 out of 7.
22. (d) Total number of pieces = 7
Number of white pieces = 4
So, possibility of landing on a grey piece = 4 out of 7.

23. (d) Letter Frequency
A 4
B 4
C 3
D 2 least
24. (c) Number Frequency
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 2 Most
25. (b) Number Frequency
1 3
2 1
3 2
4 3 Both have same frequency
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EBD_7018
LEVEL - 2
1. (c) 4 16. (c) Candy (C1, C2) and drink
2. (b) Thursday (D1, D2)
3. (c) 31 Possible combinations:
4. (d) Thursday (C1, D1), (C1, D2), (C2, D1),
5. (b) 5 (C2, D2)
6. (c) 12 17.(b) Deep dish pizza = P1
7. (c) 60 minutes Topping = Pepeeroni (T1),

Mushrooms (T2)
8. (d) February
Possible Combinations
9. (c) A school bus leaves for school
8:00 am and reaches after = (P1, T1), (P1, T2)
1 hour thirty minutes; that 18. (b)
means it will reach school at G F E
9:30 am.
10. (a) Thursday H D
11. (a) The minute hand takes 30
minutes to move from 3 to 9.
A B C
12. (c) Boat arrives at Rober's cave at
Possible ways:
9:00 A.M.
HABCD, HGFED, HGBCD, HGBFED,
Boat arrives at Appu Island at HGBED, HABFED, HABED
12:00 A.M. 19. (d) 28 "Happy Journey!" greetings
Time elapsed = 12:00 – 9:00 were exchanged among eight
= 3 hours good friends.
20. (a) In 10 different ways can the
13. (d) 60 minutes = 1 hour dog reach its kennel.
14. (b) One week = 7 days 21. (b) 18 days she does not work.
Hours is one week = 24 × 7 = 168 22. (b) There are 12 possible
hours combinations of 1 boy and 2
girls.
15. (a) Circus starts at 7 o'clock. 23. (a) 8 triangles can be formed
Circus ends at 8:30 using toothpicks.
Time elapsed = 1 hour 30 minutes 24. (a) If yesterday was Monday, then
day after tommorrow will be
One hour = 60 minutes Thursday.
= 60 + 30 = 90 minutes 25. (b) In 4 ways can a cat reach its
food.
1 hour 30 minutes = 90 minutes
124
C H A P T E R
8
Problem Solving
OBJECTIVES
• Students will identify different problem solving styles and methods.
• They will apply methods to specific problems.
• A problem-solving approach can be used to encourage students to make
generalization about rules and concepts.
• It develops students' confidence in their own ability to think
mathematically.
• Students will learn the use of one piece of information in the problem.
• They will organise the given information.
Introduction
Problem solving is a process of working through details of a problem to reach
a solution.
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EBD_7018
Direction (Example 1) : Read the given information carefully and answer
the following question.
• Latika weighs 40 kg.
• Beena weighs 5 kg more than Latika.
• Garima weighs 3 kg less than Latika.
• Sanchi weighs 6 kg less than Garima.
Example 1
Who weights the most?
(a) Latika (b) Garima (c) Beena (d) Sanchi
Ans. (c)
Latika's weight = 40 kg
Beena's weight = 40 + 5 = 45 kg
Garima's weight = 40 – 3 = 37 kg
Sanchi's weight = 37 – 6 = 31 kg
Hence, Beena > Latika > Garima > Sanchi
(45 kg) (40 kg) (37 kg) (31 kg)
So, Beena weights the most.
Direction (Examples 2 & 3 ) : Read the given information carefully and an-
swer the following questions.
A, B, C and D are sitting on a bench.
• A is sitting next to B.
• C is sitting next to D.
• C is on the second position from the right.
Example 2
In which position A is sitting?
(a) Between B and D
(b) Between B and C
(c) Between E and D
(d) Between C and E
Ans. (b) Left Right
B A C D
Hence, A is sitting between B and C.
Example 3
Who is sitting on the right corner?
(a) B (b) A (c) D (d) C
Ans. (c) Left Right
B A C D
Hence, D is sitting on the right corner.
126
Direction (Examples 4 & 5) : Read the given diagram / information carefully
and answer the following questions.
• Six friends are sitting in a circle and are facing the centre of the circle.
(As shown in the diagram)
Prakash
Lalit Deepa
Priti Pankaj
Mukesh

Example 4
If Prakash and Mukesh interchange their sitting positions, who will be
sitting just right to Prakash?
(a) Lalit (b) Deepa (c) Priti (d) Pankaj
Ans. (d) Sitting Rearrangement
Mukesh
Lalit Deepa
Left Right
Priti Pankaj
Prakash
Hence, Pankaj will be sitting just right to Prakash.

Example 5
If Mukesh and Deepa and Priti and Pankaj interchange their seating
positions then, who are the neighbours of Mukesh?
(a) Lalit and Deepa (b) Priti and Pankaj
(c) Prakash and Priti (d) Priti and Deepa

Ans. (c)
New Seating Arrangement
Prakash
Lalit Mukesh
Pankaj Priti
Deepa

Hence, Prakash and Priti are the neighbours of Mukesh.
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LEVEL-1
1. Dona has six more balls than Meeta. Meeta has nine balls. How many
balls does Dona have?
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 18 (d) 20
2. Rohan has five more apples than Raj. Raj has 6 apples. How many apples
does Rohan have?
(a) 10 (b)
8 (c)
15 (d)
11
3. Tripti saw 8 boys in the garden. Heena saw 10 boys in the same garden.
How many boys did they see?
(a) 20 (b)
15 (c)
18 (d)
25
4. Shipra is putting books in her bookcase. She has already put 74 books in
the case. But she has 220 books. How many more books does she have
to put in the bookcase?
(a) 180 (b)
146 (c)
170 (d)
172
5. Priyanka has 10 dolls. She gave 2 dolls to her younger sister, 3 dolls to her
cousin sister. Now she has left with ___________ dolls.

(a)
8 (b)
7 (c)
4 (d)
5
6. There are 150 people watching movie in theatre P. The theatre has a total
number of 280 seats. How many seats are empty?
(a) 120 (b) 130 (c) 140 (d) 105
7. The store manager Mr. Rampal ordered 850 large popcorn bags. On Friday,
419 bags were used. How many bags are left?
(a) 525 (b) 475 (c) 385 (d) 431
8. Theatre C has only 213 seats. But 500 people want to see the 7:00 pm
show. How many people cannot see that show?
(a) 230 (b) 350 (c) 287 (d) 375
9. Richard has four more apples than John. John has 8 apples. How many
apples does Richard have?
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 14 (d) 12
10. There are 8 shoes. Each shoes has 8 dots. How many dots are there in all?
(a) 74 (b) 64 (c) 55 (d) 85
128
11. You saved 17 marbles and your brother saved 8 marbles. How many more
marbles did you save than him?
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 12
12. A car cleaner earns about ` 150 an hour. How much will he have earnt in
a day where he works for 5 hours?
(a) `625 (b) `540 (c)
`750 (d) `860
13. Rashmi saw 2 cats and 1 dog outside. How many legs did she see?
(a) 16 (b) 12 (c) 18 (d)20
14. Ritu has 9 balloons. 6 are red and the rest are blue. How many balloons
are blue?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 5
15. Rupesh got 4 new shirts on his birthday. If he already had 8, how many
shirts does he have now?
(a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 18
16. Kshity goes to the grocery market. If there are 65 apples in a box and Kshity
puts 10 more apples inside, how many apples are there in the box now?
(a) 95 (b) 85 (c) 75 (d) 55
17. Maya has 24 children in her class this year. Last year she had 12 more
children in her class. How many children were in Maya's class last year?
(a) 30 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 36
Direction (Qs. 18 – 20 ) : Read the given information and answer the
100 100 100 100 100 500 250

mL mL mL mL mL mL mL
PACK A PACK B
250 250 1
mL mL litre
PACK C PACK D
Ashok, Rohit, Raj and Vinay brought juice to school for the party.
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• Raj brought the greatest amount of juice.
• Ashok brought the most containers, but the same amount of juice that
Vinay brought.
• Rohit brought less juice than Raj brought.
18. Who brought PACK D?
(a) Ashok (b) Rohit (c) Raj (d) Vinay
19. Which two students brought the same amount of juice?
(a) Ashok and Vinay
(b) Ashok and Raj
(c) Vinay and Rohit
(d) Vinay and Raj
20. Who brought Pack B?
(a) Rohit (b) Raj (c) Vinay (d) Ashok
21. The Tigers scored more points than the Dolphins but fewer points than the
Eagles. Which team scored the most points ?
(a)
The Dolphins (b) The Eagles
(c) The Tigers (d) Both Tigers and Dolphins
Direction (Qs. 22 & 23) : Read the given information carefully and answer the
Rachit, Shivam and Shanu are best friends. For Diwali, this year they
decided to draw names to buy each other presents. Read the clues given below
and answer the following questions.
• Nobody drew their own name.
• Shivam did not draw the name of his friend whose name begins with the
same letter as his.
22. Which name has been drawn by Shivam?
(a) Shanu (b) Rachit
(c) Both Shanu and Rachit (d) None
23. Who will draw the name of Shanu?
(a) Rachit (b) Shivam (c) Both (d) None
130
24. Amit, Shashi, Vineet and Manav each have the same number of pencils.
Who has more pencils in a group?
(a) Amit sorted pencils into 8 groups.
(b) Shashi sorted pencils into 4 groups.
(c) Vineet sorted pencils into 3 groups.
(d) Manav sorted pencils into 6 groups.
25. • The symbol ' ' means 'is greater than'.
• The symbol ' ' means 'is less than'.
If the open sentences given below are true, which of the following options is
true?
(a) (b) >
(c)
> (d)
>
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LEVEL-2
1. Tanya is older than John.
Anne is older than Tanya.
John is older than Anne.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
(a) True (b) False (c) Uncertain (d) None of these
2. At the baseball game, Raja was sitting on seat 153. Mayra was sitting to
the right of Raja on seat 154. Shivam was sitting to the left of Raja. Juhi
was sitting to the left of Shivam. Which seat number was Juhi sitting in?
(a) 151 (b) 154 (c) 155 (d) 152
3. If you were running a race and you passed the person in 2nd place, What
place would you be in a row?
(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV
Direction (Qs. 4 – 5 ) : Read the given information carefully and answer the
In a joint family, there are father, mother, 3 married sons and one
unmarried daughter.
4. How many total members are there in the family?
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
5. How many female members are in the family?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
Direction (Qs. 6 – 8) : Read the given information carefully and
answer the following questions.
Five girls are sitting on a bench to be photographed facing north. Sheenu
is to the left of Ritu and right of Bindu. Mary is to the right of Ritu sitting
on the right end. Sonika is between Ritu and Mary.
6. Who is in the middle of photograph?
(a) Sheenu (b) Ritu (c) Mary (d) Sonika
7. Who is second from the right?
(a) Sheenu (b) Ritu (c) Mary (d) Sonika
8. Who is sitting immediate right to Sheenu?
(a) Ritu (b) Bindu (c) Sonika (d) Mary
132
Direction (Qs. 9 – 11) : Read the given information carefully and answer the
Four men A, B, C and D read a newspaper.
(1) The one who reads first give it to C.
(2) The one who reads last had taken from A.
(3) B was not the first to read.
9. Who reads the newspaper first?
(a) A (b) C (c) B (d) D
10. C passed the newspaper to whom?
(a) D (b) A (c) B (d) None
11. Who reads the newspaper last?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
12. Ravi is not wearing white shirt and Ajay is not wearing blue. Sachin
alone wears red. What is Ravi's shirt colour, if all three of them are wearing
different colours.
(a) White (b) Blue (c) Red (d) Cannot say
Direction (Qs. 13 – 15 ) : Read the given information carefully and answer
the following questions.
• Four students A, B, C, and D are sitting in the field.
• A and C are from Delhi while the rest are from Bengaluru.
• B and C are tall while others are short.
• A and D are girls while others are boys.
13. Which is the short girl from Delhi?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
14. Which two students belong to Bengaluru ?
(a) A and B (b) A and C (c) A and D (d) B and D
15. Which is the tall boy from Bengaluru?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
16. • Raj is elder to Shanu.
• Tom and Aryan are elder to Raj.
• John is the eldest.
Which one of the following statements is necessarily true?
(a) Raj is elder to Aryan (b) Tom is elder to John
(c) Aryan is elder to Tom (d) Aryan is elder to Raj
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17. • A * B means A and B are of the same age.
• A - B means B is younger than A. Sachin * Madan - Ritu means?
(a) Ritu is the oldest (b) Ritu is the youngest
(c) Madan is younger than Ritu (d) None
18. Mukul's dentist gives his patients toothbrushes and dental floss at each
visit. The toothbrush colours are red, green and blue. The dental floss
choices are mint and strawberry. How many different combination can
Mukul choose?
(a) 7 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
19. Vansh and Manoj like to eat pizza. Manoj and Tarun like to eat burger.
Vansh and Tarun like to eat chowmein. If chowmein and pizza are served,
which boy will be the most delighted?
(a) Vansh (b) Manoj
(c) Tarun (d) Cannot be determined
Direction (Qs. 20 – 21 ) : Read the given statements carefully answer the
I X is older than L
II M and N are of equal age.
III Y is older than X.
IV X is younger than N.
20. Which two of the above statements indicated that Y is older than L.
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III (d) None of these
21. Which two of the above statements indicate that M is older than X?
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) II and IV (d) I and IV
22. Aparna lives in an apartment building. There are three levels above her
and one level below her. How many levels are there in the building?
(a) 3 levels (b) 4 levels (c) 5 levels (d) 6 levels
23. Twelve girls went to Mrs. Smith's class. If there were 2 more boys than
girls. How many children were there in the class?
(a) 24 (b) 26 (c) 25 (d) 23
24. In a race, Tom finished second best, which was also second from last. How
many children took part in the race?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
25. In a row of 8 children, Charu is the third from the left and Rohan the
second from the right. How many children are there in between them?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) Many
134
26. 25 people are standing in 5 rows and columns. If we select the tallest
people in each column, there will be 5 selected. Out of these, Tom is
shortest.
If we select the shortest people from each row, out of that 5, Jim is tallest.
Who is taller? Tom or Jim.
(a) Tom (b) Jim
(c) Both have same height (d) None
Direction (Qs. 27 & 28 ) : Read the given information carefully and answer
• A is the sister of B and D.
• D is the daughter of F.
• J is the son of A.
27. How is A related to F?
(a) Son (b) Daughter (c) Mother (d) Father
28. How is A related to J?
(a) Sister (b) Son (c) Daughter (d) Mother
Direction (Qs. 29 & 30) : Read the given information carefully and answer
Alka is older than Mala. Gopal is older than Mala but younger than Alka.
Mala is older than Ram.
29. Who is the eldest?
(a) Alka (b) Mala (c) Gopal (d) Ram
30. Whose age is between Gopal and Ram?
(a) Gopal (b) Mala (c) Ram (d) Alka
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EBD_7018
Solutions
LEVEL - 1
1. (b) Number of balls Meeta has Number of empty seats
=9 = 280 – 150 = 130
Number of balls Dona has 7. (d) Number of bags ordered by
= Six more than Meeta Mr. Rampal = 850
= 9 + 6 = 15 Number of bags used on
2. (d) Number of apples Raj has Friday = 419
=6 Total number of bags left
Number of apples Rohan has = 850 – 419 = 431
= five more than Raj 8. (c) Number of seats available in
= 6 + 5 = 11 theatre C = 213
3. (c) Number of boys seen by Number of people who want
Tripti = 8 to see the 7:00 pm show
= 500
Number of boys seen by
Heena = 10 Number of people who
cannot see that show
Number of boys did they see
= 500 – 213 = 287
= 10 + 8 = 18
9. (d) Number of apples John has
4. (b) Total number of books = 220
=8
Number of books Shipra
put in the bookcase = 74 Number of apples Richard
More books she has to put in has = 4 more than John
the bookcase = 8 + 4 = 12
= 220 – 74 = 146 10. (b) Number of shoes = 8
5. (d) 5 Number of dots in each
Total number of dolls shoes = 8
Priyanka has = 10 Total number of dots
Number of dolls given to = 8 × 8 = 64
younger sister = 2 11. (c) Number of marbles saved by
Number of dolls given to your brother = 8
cousin sister = 3 Number of marbles saved by
you = 17
Now, she has = 10 – 2 + 3 = 5 Number of marbles you saved
dolls. more than him = 17 – 8 = 9
6. (b) Number of people watching 12. (c) A car cleaner earns in an
movie = 150 hour = ` 150
Total number of seats in He earns in 5 hours
theatre = 280 = 150 × 5 = ` 750
136
13. (b) A cat has 4 legs 21. (b) Eagles > Tigers > Dolphins
A dog has 4 legs Hence, the Eagles scored the
Number of cats = 2 most points.
Number of dog = 1 22. (b) Shivam did not draw the
name of his friend whose
Number of legs of 2 cats
name begins with the
=4+4=8
same letter as his and that
Number of legs of 1 dog = 4 name is Shanu. So he had
Total number of legs drawn out Rachit's name.
= 8 + 4 = 12 23. (a) Rachit Shivam Shanu
14. (c) Total number of balloons = 9 Rachit × ×
Number of red balloons = 6 Shivam × ×
Number of blue balloons
=9–6=3 Shanu × ×
15. (a) Number of shirts Rupesh got So, Rachit will draw the
on his birthday = 4 name of Shanu.
Number of shirts he already 24.
(c) The smaller the number
had = 8 of groups, the greater the
Total number of shirts he number of pencils in a
has now = 8 + 4 = 12 group.
16. (c) Number of apples in the box 25. (d) Mango Apple Banana
= 65
Number of apples Kshity Means Banana Mango
puts inside the box = 10
LEVEL - 2
Total number of apples in
the box now = 65 +10 = 75 1. (b) According to first two
17. (d) Number of students in statements.
present year = 24 Anne > Tanya > John
Number of students last
John is youngest, so the
year was = 12 more children
third statement is false.
Last year Maya's class had
2. (a) Sitting arrangement
36 children.
= 24 + 12 = 36 Juhi Shivam Raja Mayra
18. (c) Raj brought Pack D. Left (151) (152) (153)
19. (a) Ashok and Vinay both (154) Right
brought the same amount of Juhi is sitting on seat 151.
juice.
3. (b) You will be in II place.
20. (a) Rohit brought Pack B.
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EBD_7018
4. (d) Total number of family members =
Father Mother
(1) + (1)

1+1=2 1+1=2 1+1=2 1
(son and his wife) (son and his wife) (son and his wife) (daughter)
1+1+2+2+2+1 = 9 members
5. (c) Mother =1
Son's wives = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
Daughter = 1
Total Female Members = 1 + 3 + 1 = 5
N
6. (b) Facing North
W E
Left Bindu Sheenu Ritu Sonika Mary Right

Ritu is in the middle of photograph.
7. (d)
Seating arrangement:
Facing North
Bindu Sheenu Ritu Sonika Mary

2nd from the right
8. (a) Ritu is sitting immediate right to Sheenu
9. (d) Reading order of men
First D/(D gives to C)
Second C
Third A
Fourth B (B takes from A)
D reads the newspaper first.
10. (b) Reading or order
D C A B
(1) (2) (3) (4)
C passed the newspaper to A.
138
11. (b) B reads the newspaper last.
12. (b)
Person Shirt Colour
Ravi Blue
Ajay White
Sachin Red

So, (b) is the correct answer.

(Qs. 13 -15)
Students Delhi Bengaluru Tall Short Girl Boy
A
P P P
B
P P P
C
P P P
D
P P P
13. (a) Student A is the short girl from Delhi.
14. (d) B and D belong to Bengaluru.
15. (b) B is the tall boy from Bengaluru.
16. (d) In terms of age, we have:
John > Tom > Aryan > Raj > Shanu
(eldest) (youngest)

17. (b) Sachin and Madan are of the same age and Ritu is younger than
Madan
Sachin = Madan > Ritu
So, Ritu is the youngest.
18. (c) Mukul can choose six different combinations.
Toothbrush Dental floss
1
Red 2 Mint
3
Green 4 Strawberry
6
5
Blue
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EBD_7018
19. (a)
Pizza Burger Chowmein
Vansh
P P
Manoj
P P
Tarun

P P
Vansh will be the most delighted, as he likes to eat both pizza and Chowmein.
20. (c) From I , we have : X > L 26. (a) Tom is taller
From II, we have : M = N 5 tallest people
1 > 2 > 3 > 4 > (5)
From III, we have : Y>X
5 tallest people.
From IV we have : N > X Tom
From I and III, we have : 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < (5)
Y > X > L or Y > L 5 shortest people.
21. (c) From II and IV we have Jim
:M=N>X=M>X Hence, Tom > Jim.
22. (c) 27. (b) A is the sister of B and
5 D and D is the daughter
4 of F. Hence, A also is
3 the daughter of F.
2 Aparna 28. (d) A is the sister of B and
1 D. Hence, A is female. J

is the son of A. Then, A is
3 + 1 + 1 = 5 levels the mother of J.
23. (b) 12 + 2 = 14 boys 29. (a) Alka > Mala __________ (i)
12 girls + 14 boys = 26 Alka > Gopal > Mala
children ____________ (ii)
24. (b) 2 + 2 – 1 = 3 Mala > Ram
25. (a) _____________ (iii)
Charu Rohan
left right
Combining all three. we get:
Alka > Goapal > Mala > Ram
3rd from left 3 children 2nd from
in between right Hence, Alka is the eldest.
them
30. (b) Mala is between Gopal and
So, 3 children are there in between Ram.
Charu and Rohan.
140
C H A P T E R
9
Estimation
OBJECTIVES
• Students will be able to generate a range of possible outcomes.
• They will be able to judge the size, amount and cost of something.
Examples 1
Juhi is balancing a 1000g papaya with apples. Each apple weights 250g. She
has 2 apples. How many more apples does she need in order to balance the two
pans?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Ans. (b) Papaya's weight = 1000g
An apple's weight = 250g
Juhi has 2 apples
Two apple's weight = 250g + 250g
= 500g
Juhi needs in order to balance the two pans = 1000 – 500 = 500g
250g + 250g
500g =
2
So, Juhi need 2 apples more.
Examples 2
The length of a spoon can be
(a) 12cm (b) 12km (c) 12m (d) 12g
Ans. (a) The length of a spoon can be 12 cm.
Examples 3
Which is heavier – 1kg cotton or 1kg stones? Which of the following statement
is correct ?
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EBD_7018
(a) 1kg cotton is heavier than 1kg stones.
(b) 1kg stones is heavier than 1kg cotton.
(c) Both are equal.
(d) It can not be determined.
Ans. (b) Stone is a heavier material than cotton.
Examples 4
Which holds more water?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ans. (a) A bottle and a bucket holds more water.
Examples 5
A jug hold 1 litre 500ml of water. Which of the following groups of
glasses will fill up the jug completely?
1l = 500 200 300

ml ml ml
500ml
(a)
1l = 200 250 300 500

ml ml ml ml
500ml
(b)
1l = 350 300 200 500

ml ml ml ml
500ml
(c)
1l = 500 500 500

ml ml ml
500ml
(d)
Ans. (d)
1 Litre = 1000ml
1 Litre + 500ml = 1500ml
500ml + 500ml + 500ml = 1500ml = 1l 500ml
142
LEVEL-1

1. There were 417 apples in the shop. 177 apples sold. How many apples are
left in the shop approximately?
(a) 180 (b) 200 (c) 240 (d) 300
2. If a bucket is full of water. Which object can estimate its capacity?
(a) Jug (b) Scale
(c) Measuring tape (d) None of these
Direction (Qs. 3-6): Read the given table and answer the following questions.
FOOD WEIGHT
2kg
100g
500g
250g
3. How many cauliflower would make 1kg?

(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 3
4. Which food item is the heaviest?
(a) Apple (b) Banana (c) Pumpkin (d) Cauliflower
5. Ramya bought 2kg of food. On purchasing which food, will she get
maximum number of that food?
(a) Banana (b) Apple (c) Pumpkin (d) Cauliflower
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EBD_7018
6. Which food is the lightest?
(a) Apple (b) Banana (c) Pumpkin (d) Cauliflower
7. The square weighs ___________ ?
5g ? 12g
(a) 8 g (b) 9 g (c) 7 g (d) 10 g
8. How many pencils estimate the length of book as shown in the figure?
MATHS
BOOK
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 50 (d) 2
9. Match the best estimate of measurement of weights in the following table.
Object Measurement
250g
A. 1.
2g
B. 2.
10kg
C. 3.
1000kg
D. 4.
(a) A – 2, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4 (b) A – 3, B – 4, C – 1, D – 2
(c) A – 3, B – 1, C – 2, D – 4 (d) A – 4, B – 2, C – 1, D – 3
144
10. The circle weights ________?
9g 7g ?
(a) 20 g (b)16 g (c) 18 g (d) 10 g

11. Shivam uses an eyedropper to put 5 drops of food colouring into a glass
of water. About what volume of food colouring does Shivam put into the
glass?
(a) 5 l (b) 5 g (c) 5 ml (d) 5 cm
12. How many 250 ml cartons of milk would it take to fill the 2 l carton?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10
Direction (Qs. 13-16): Estimate how much each of the following geometric
shape "weighs"?
13.
35 gm
One pentagon weighs ____.

One pentagon weighs_____.
(a) 5 gm (b) 6 gm (c) 7 gm (d) 8 gm
14. 7 kg 11kg
One
One rectangle weighs ____.
rectangle weighs_____.
(a) 2 kg (b) 4 kg (c) 6 kg (d) 7 kg
15.
2 gm 6 gm 2 gm
One
Onesquare weighs ____.
square weighs_____.
(a) 2 kg (b) 4 kg (c) 6 kg (d) 8 kg
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16. 9 kg 15 kg 3 kg
One square weighs____.
(a) 3 kg (b) 5 kg (c) 7 kg (d) 9 kg
17. Direction (Qs. 17 & 18): Find the total value.
=7 (a) 20

=5+ (b) 22

=1+
(c) 24
(d) 25
+ + =?
18.
+ + = 30

(a) 14
+ + = 18 (b) 16
– =2 (c) 18
(d) 20
+ + =?
146
19. The mobile shown below is balanced. Each star has the same weight. Each
moon has the same weight.
How many stars balance one moon?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6
20. Which item is the heaviest?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
21. How many oranges ( ) can balance the weight of one cube ( ) ?
(a) 8 oranges
(b) 2 oranges
(c) 4 oranges
(d) 16 oranges
22. Kirti wants to buy dog treats for her 5 dogs. At the pet store she sees the
boxes of treats shown below. Which box of dog treats should Kirti buy so
that each of her dogs can receive an equal number of treats with one treat
left over?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
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23. Find the value of
+ = 12; + = 17; – = 9; = × – =?
(a) 11 (b) 16 (c) 20 (d) 14

Direction (Qs. 24 & 25) : Calculate the weight.
24. = Weight of each = _______ kg

(a) 2 kg (b) 1 kg (c) 4 kg (d) 5 kg
25. = Weight of each = _________ g
(a) 250 g (b) 4 kg (c) 500 g (d) 700 g
148
LEVEL-2
1. Which pair of object is most likely to have the greatest total weight?
(a)
Balloon Newspaper
(b)
Balloon Watermelon
(c)
Math Book Newsapaper

(d)
Math Book Watermelon
2. Nancy and her sister baked 48 cookies. Which number is closest to 48?
(a) 50 (b) 40 (c) 30 (d) 20
3. If John spins the spinner once, on which number is the arrow most likely to
land ?
5
1
4
3 2

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
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4. What is the weight of one tomato?
(a) 29g (b) 31g (c) 28g (d) 30g

5. Sara bought 1 litre of mango juice. She drank two glasses of the mango
juice. Each glass was 250 ml
How much mango Juice was left?
(a) 1000 ml (b) 750 ml (c) 500 ml (d) 250 ml
6. A store has different flavours of jelly in jars. The table below shows the
number of jars of each flavour of jelly.
Flavour Number of Jars

Grape 17
Apple 8
Peach 14
Orange 11
Blackberry 8
If 1 jar is chosen at random, which two flavours of jelly have an equal chance
of being chosen?
(a) Grape and Apple (b) Apple and Blackberry
(c) Orange and Blackberry (d) Peach and Orange
Directions (Qs. 7 & 8) : A recipe calls for 425 ml of milk for a cake. Use the
measuring scoops below to answer the following questions.
150
7. Which measuring scoops would you use to measure 425 ml?
(a) 250 ml and 125 ml (b) 250 ml and 80 ml
(c) 250 ml, 125 ml and 50 ml (d) 250 ml, 125 ml and 80 ml
8. Which measuring scoops would you use to measure 1l?
(a) 4 of the 250 ml scoop
(b) 2 of the 250 ml scoop and 2 of the 125 ml scoop
(c) 3 of the 250 ml scoop and 4 of the 50 ml scoop
(d) 4 of the 125 ml scoop and 3 of the 250 ml scoop1000 ml = (1l)
9. Jessica has 18 gold medals, 14 silver medals and 10 bronze medals in a

box. She will choose 1 of these medals at random. Which statement about
Jessica's choice is true?
(a) It is certain that Jessica will choose a gold medal.
(b) Jessica is less likely to choose a bronze medal than a silver medal.
(c) Jessica is more likely to choose a silver medal than a gold medal.
(d) It is impossible for Jessica to choose a bronze medal.

10. Bob is buying gummy bears at the grocery store. He places his bag of
gummy bears on the scale shown below.
200
100 300
grams
0 400
-
--------
What is the best estimate of the mass in grams of Bob's gummy bears?
(a) 250 grams (b) 275 grams (c) 325 grams (d) 350 grams
11. + + = 15

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– =

What does stand for?
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 0

12. How many times will you use container-A to fill the jug of capacity 1 litre?
A B C D
(a) 10 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 5
13. Ruchika is nine years old and weighs 35
(a) g (b) kg (c) l (d) ml
14. Which symbol will fill in the box?
(a) > (b) < (c) = (d) None
15. How much water should you pour out from each jug to drop down the water
level to 300 ml?
152
(A) (B)
(a) 450 ml, 1200 ml (b) 400 ml, 1500 ml

(c) 450 ml, 1450 ml (d) 400 ml, 1500 ml
16. What is the unknown weight to balance the given scale?
__g 5 kg
4.5kg
(a) 250g (b) 500g (c) 450g (d) 400g

17.
Weight of each = _________ g

(a) 600g (b) 300g (c) 800g (d) 16g
18. Gina and Maria have same-sized containers filled with different amounts
of water, as shown.
5l
4l
3l
2l
1l
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Gina's container has 4 litres (l) of water. About how much water, in litre
(l), does Maria's container have?
(a) Half of Gina's container
(b) One fourth of Gina 's container
(c) Double of Gina's container
(d) None of these
19.
Sonam brought .
How many less muffins than pizza-slices did she buy?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 2
20. Avni has picked 2 baskets full of apples. She estimates that she's picked
about 50 apples altogether. Which of the following could show how many
apples Avni has in each basket?
(a) 23 Apples 41 Apples
(b) 21 Apples 17 Apples
(c) 37 Apples 11 Apples
154
(d) 27 Apples 46 Apples
21. Nanu studied for 48 minutes before dinner. After dinner, she studied for
another 74 minutes. About how many more minutes did Nanu study after
dinner than before? (Estimate to nearest ten)
22. For Valentine's Day, Raju received 2 boxes of chocolates.
22 chocolates 62 chocolates

Raju has ______________.
(a) More than 90 chocolates.

(b) Between 80 and 90 chocolates.
(c) Between 70 and 80 chocolates.
(d) Less than 70 chocolates.
23. Compare the shaded regions. Which symbol belongs in the square?
(A) (B)
(a) < (b) > (c) = (d) None of these
24. Manav compares the amount of water in the two containers with the
amount of milk.
155
EBD_7018
l l l
l l
l l l
l l
l l l
Water Milk
Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) The amount of water in the two containers is more than the amount of
milk.
(b) The amount of water in the two containers is equal to the amount of
milk.
(c) The amount of water in the two containers is less than the amount of
milk.
(d) None of these
25. Amit has 2 cats of the same weight. What is the weight of one cat if George
weighs 30 kilograms?
(a) 1 kilogram (b) 2 kilograms (c) 3 kilograms (d) 4 kilogram

26. How many ducks balance the crocodile?
156
s
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Direction (Qs. 27 & 28) Obsere the given figure carefully and answer the
27. How many cups of water can the vessel hold?
(a) 8 (b) 15 (c) 4 (d) 12
28. How many litres can the jug hold?

(a) 4 litres (b) 6 litres (c) 8 litres (d) 10 litres
29. If 12 curtains are made from 144 metres of silk, estimate how much silk in
needed for 1 curtain?
(a) 16 metres (b)13 metres (c) 16 metres (d) 12 metres
30. Meera makes 6 trays of cakes. There are 12 cakes on each tray. Estimate
the number of cakes made by Meera altogether?
(a) 80 (b) 85 (c) 72 (d) 70
157
EBD_7018
Solutions
LEVEL - 1
1. (c) Number of apples in the shop 12. (c) 1 l = 1000 ml
= 417 2 l = 2000 ml
Number of apples sold = 177 250 ml + 250 ml = 500 ml
}
}
=1l
Number of apples left 250 ml + 250 mL = 500 ml
= 417 – 177 = 240 →2l
The estimated number of
apples in the shop is 240.
250 ml + 250 mL = 500
250 ml + 250 ml = 500 ml

ml
} =1l
2. (a) Jug can estimate its capacity.

3. (b) 1 cauliflower weight = 500g 13. (c)
+ + + +
7 gm 7 gm 7 gm 7 gm 7 gm
2 cauliflower weight
= 500 × 2 = 1000g = 1kg = 35 gm
One pentagon weighs = 7 gm
4. (c) The weight of pumpkin is
more than other food. 14. (a) 7 kg + 2 kg + 2 kg = 11 kg
5. (a) Weight of a banana = 100g One rectangle weighs = 2 kg
On purchasing of 2kg of food,
she will get the maximum 15. (a) 2kg + 2kg + 2kg + 2kg
number of bananas.
6. (b) Banana is the lightest food. = 2 kg + 6 kg = 8 kg
7. (c) One square weighs = 2 kg
16. (c) 3 + 7 kg + 7 kg + 7 kg

= 24 kg
12 – 5 = 7g
One square weighs = 7 kg
8. (d) 2
9. (a) Option (a) is the correct 17. (d) =7
answer.
10. (b) 7 + 5 = 12
6+1=7
11. (c)
7 + 12 + 6 = 25
158
LEVEL - 2
1. (d) Math Book + watermelon have
18. (b) 1 = 10
the greatest total weight.
10 + 4 + 4 = 18
2. (a)
1 =4
4 – 2 = 2 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
=2 close to 50
2 + 10 + 4 = 16 3. (a)
Number 1 occupies the
19. (b) 2 stars = 1 moon. maximum space, hence,
20. (c) Descending order of items the arrow most likely
to land on number one.
1400 g > 1390 > 1100 g > 1090 gm
21. (b) One cube = 2 oranges 4. (d) Weight of 4 tomatoes = 120g
Weight of 1 tomato
22. (d) By observing the options:
= 120 ÷ 4 = 30g
(a) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 Dog
Treats + no leftover 5. (c) 1 litre = 1000 ml
(b) 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15 Dog Sara drank
Treats + 2 left over = 17 = 250 ml + 250 ml = 500 ml
(c) 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15 Dog
Juice left
Treats + no left over
(d) 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 25 Dog = 1000 ml – 500 ml = 500 ml
Treats + 1 leftover 6. (b) Apple and blackberry, both
flavours have equal number of
23. (b) Value of =6
jars (8).
Value of = 11 Hence, these two flavours of
jelly have an equal chance of
Value of =2 being chosen.
7. (c) 250 ml + 125 ml + 50 ml
Value of = 2 × 11 – 6
= 425 ml
= 22 – 6
8. (a)
= 16
24. (b) 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5 kg
weight of each = 1 kg
25. (a) 250g + 250g + 250g + 250g

500g + 500gm
1000 ml = (1l)
1 kg 9. (b) Number of silver medals = 14
Weight of each = 250g Number of bronze medals = 10
159
EBD_7018
Hence, Jessica is less likely to = 1500 – ? = 300 ml
choose a bronze medal than a = 1500 –1200 = 300 ml
silver medal.
1200 ml water should be
10. (a) Bob's bag of gummy bears has dropped down.
the weight of more than 200g
16. (b) 5kg = 5000g
and less than 300g. Hence, (a)
is the correct answer. 4.5kg = 4500g
\ Required weight to
11. (b) One stands for = 5 balance the scale
= 5000 – 4500 = 500g
–5=5 17. (c) 1kg = 1000g
1.6k = 1600g
Weight of each
= 5 + 5 = 10
= 1600 ÷ 2 = 800g
18. (a) Amount of water Gina has
12. (d) 1l = 1000 ml
= 4l
200ml + 200ml + 200ml +
Amount of water Maria has
200ml + 200ml = 1000ml
Number of container A used = 4/2 = 2l
= 5 Maria's container has half of
Gina's container.
13. (b) Ruchika weighs 35kg.
14. (c) 1l = 1000 ml 19. (c) One = 9 muffins
2l = 2 × 1000 = 2000 ml One = 6 Pizza-slices
400 ml + 400 ml + 400 ml + Sonam brought two
400 ml + 400 ml = 2000 ml = 9 × 2 = 18 muffins.
15. (a) Water capacity of Jug Sonam brought three
A = 750 ml = 6× 3 = 18 pizza slices.
Water to be dropped down Hence, there is no difference
= 750 – ? = 300 ml between the number of muffins
= 750 – 450 = 300 ml and pizza slices.
450 ml water should be 20. (c) Option (a) :- 23 apples + 41
dropped down apples = 64 apples
Water capacity of Jug Option (b) :- 21 apples + 17
B = 1500 ml apples = 38 apples
Water to be dropped down Option (c) :- 37 apples + 11
apples = 48 apples
160
Option (d) :- 27 apples + 46 25. (c) Amit weighs = 30 kg
apples = 71 apples Total weight = 36 kg
Only option (c) shows Avni's Weight of two cats
correct estimation.
= 36 – 30 = 6 kg
21. (c) Nanu studied before dinner
= 48 minutes Weight of one cat = 6/2 = 3 kg
Nanu studied after dinner 26. (b) Number of duck to balance the
= 74 minutes crocodile 1 crocodile = 2 lions
= 2 × 2 = 4 ducks.
more minutes did Nanu study
after dinner 27. (a) 1 vessel = 2 jugs = 8 cups
than before = 74 – 48 = 26 As, 1 Jug = 4 cups
minutes
28. (c) 1 cup = 2 litres
26 is more near to 30 Hence,
30 minutes more Nanu studies 4 cups = 8 litres
after dinner than before As, 4 cups = 1 jug
dinner.
22. (b) Total chocolates = 22 + 62 = 84 29.
(d)
Metres silk used for 12
curtains = 144 metres
Raju has between 80 and 90
chocolates. For 1 curtain, silk used
23. (a) Region B has the more shaded = 144 ÷ 12
region.
24. (c) Amount of water = 12 metres
= 100 ml + 60 ml 30. (c) Number of cakes in 1 tray = 12
= 160 ml Number of cakes in 6 trays
= 12 × 6 = 72
Amount of milk = 200 ml
72 cakes in 6 trays
Hence, amount of water <
amount of milk
161
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C H A P T E R
10
Geometrical Shapes
OBJECTIVES
• To identify different objects which represent some kind of geometrical
shapes which we are coming across in our day to day life (Both 2D and 3D).
• To recognise different parts of various geometrical shapes such as vertex
and sides of a particular geometrical pattern.
• Use of different geometrical shapes for creating Tangrams.
• Knowledge of line of symmetry (horizontal and vertical).
Geometric Shapes
A geometric shape is defined as a set of points or vertices and sides connecting
to the point to form a closed entry. There are various kinds of geometrical
shapes. Based upon the number of vertices and sides they are identified as
follows:
2D Geometric Shapes
Triangle • Triangle has three sides.
• It has three vertices.
Square • Squares have 4 equal sides and 4 right angles.

• They have 4 lines of symmetry.
• All squares belong to the rectangle family.
• All squares belong to the rhombus family.
• All squares are also parallelograms.
162
Rectangle • Rectangles have 4 sides and 4 right angles.
• They all have 2 lines of symmetry (4 lines if they are
also a square)
• All rectangles belong to the parallelogram family.
Rhombus • Rhombuses (rhombii) have 4 equal sides.

• Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
• They all have 2 lines of symmetry (4 lines if they are
a square)
• All rhombuses belong to the parallelogram family.
Parallelogram • Parallelograms have 2 pairs of parallel sides.
• Some parallelograms have lines of symmetry
(depending on whether they are also squares,
rectangles or rhombuses), but most do not.
Circle • Circles have a point in the centre from which each

point on the diameter is equidistant.
• They have infinite lines of symmetry.
• Ellipses are like circles which have been squashed or

Ellipse stretched.
• They have 2 lines of symmetry.
• They are also a special type of oval.
• The longest and shortest diameters of the ellipses are
called the major and minor axis. These axis are also
the lines of symmetry.
Crescent • Crescent shapes are made when two circles overlap, or

when one circle is removed from another circle.
• The perimeter of crescents made from two circular
arcs.
• They have one line of symmetry.
• Our moon forms crescent shapes during its phases.
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Pentagon • 5 sided polygon
Hexagon • 6 sided polygon
Heptagon • 7 sided polygon
Octagon • 8 sided polygon
3D Geometric Shapes
Cube • Cubes have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.

• All sides on a cube are equal length.
• All faces are square in shape.
• A cube is a type of cuboid.
Cuboid • Cuboids have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.

• All the faces on a cuboid are rectangular.
164
Sphere • Spheres have either 0 or 1 faces, 0 edges and 0 vertices.
Cylinder • Cylinders have either 2 or 3 faces, 0 or 2 edges, and 0

vertices.
Cone • Cones have either 1 or 2 faces, 0 or 1 edge, and 1 apex

(which is described by some mathematicians as a
vertex).
Regular Geometric shape

The geometric shapes whose all sides are equal sides and equal interior angles
are known as regular geometric shape.
Irregular Geometric Shapes

The geometric shapes which have sides and angles of any length and size.
5
1 2 3 4
Example 1
Find the number of straight lines in the given figure.

(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
165
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Ans. (a)
A
B C
E D
Straight lines: AB, AC, BC, BE, CD, ED, AE and AD
So, number of straight lines = 8.
Example 2
Komal built a birdhouse at summer camp. What shape is the piece of wood
that was cut out to make the door of her birdhouse?

(a) Triangle (b) Diamond (c) Circle (d) Pentagon
Ans. (c) Circle shape is the piece of wood that was cut out to make the door of
her birdhouse.
Example 3
The figure has _______ straight lines and __________ curves.
(a) 9, 10 (b) 14, 12 (c) 16, 8 (d) 15, 10

Ans. (c)
2
1 C D F
G 3
A I
H
X B
E K
8 W J 4
V N L
T
Q M
U
O
7
S
R P 5
The figure has 16 straight lines and 8 curves.
166
Directions (Example 4 – 5 ): Look at the figure carefully and answer the

4. How many more circles are there in the given figure than triangles?
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 18
5. Number of sleeping lines in the figure is __________ .
(a) 21 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 19
Ans. (Example 4-5)
P Q
4. (c) 5. (c)
Explanation
Number of circles in joker's cap = 10
Number of circles in joker's hand = 6 + 6 =12
Number of circles in joker's face = 3
Number of circles in - triangle DPQR = 5
Total number of circles = 30
Number of triangles in feet = 4
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Number of triangles in hands = 2
Number of triangles in face = 1
Number of triangles in DPQR = 6
Total number of triangles = 13
There are 30-13=17 more circles than triangles.
5. Ans. (a)
Explanation
Sleeping lines in jokes cap = 2
Sleeping lines in face = 2
Sleeping lines in neck =1
Sleeping lines in hands = 4
Sleeping lines in DPQR = 6
Sleeping lines in legs = 6
Total number of sleeping lines = 21
168
LEVEL-1
1.
The curve in the above figure is surrounded by how many straight lines?
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
2. How many ovals are there in the given figure?
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 4

3. How many straight lines are there in the given figure?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

4.
How many straight lines are there in the above diagram?

(a) 18 (b) 16 (c) 22 (d) 52
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5.
How many triangles are there in the given figure?
(a)
4 (b) 9 (c) 2 (d) 8
Direction (Qs. 6 – 8): Look at the picture given below and answer the following
questions.
6. How many triangles are there in the picture?

(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
7. How many rectangles are there in the picture?
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 6
8. How many ovals are there in the picture?
(a) 1 (b)
9 (c) 5 (d)
2
9. Number of edges, number of corners and number of faces in the given solid
respectively is ______ .
(a) 12, 8, 6 (b) 6, 12, 8 (c) 8, 12, 6 (d) 6, 8, 12

170
10. I have 6 square faces. A dice looks like me. Who am I?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

11. How many circles are there in the butterfly given below?
(a) 16 (b) 13 (c) 15 (d) 18

12. How many rectangles are there in the picture given below?
(a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 4

13. How many oval shapes are there in the given diagram?

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
14.
How many corners are there in the above image?

(a) 15 (b)
12 (c) 14 (d)
13
15.
How many curves and straight lines are there in the diagram given above?
(a) 9, 7 (b) 8, 12 (c) 9, 16 (d) 20, 22
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16.
How many squares are there in the above castle?
(a) 6 (b)
7 (c) 8 (d) 9
17.
There are four different kind of shapes given in the above picture. Which shape
is the maximum?
(a) Triangle (b) Rectangle (c) Hexagon (d) Circle
18. How many squares are there in the image given below?

(a) 5 (b)
6 (c) 9 (d) 8
172
19.
In the above figure, how many rectangles are there?

(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 18 (d) 13
20.
How many curves are there in the above diagram.

(a) 11 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 12
21.
How many shaded circles in the above image ?

(a) 12 (b) 6 c) 9 (d) 15
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22. Match the following
"A"
"B"
A (1) Triangle
B (2) Circle
C (3) Cone
D (4) Rectangle

Codes A B C D
(a) 2 4 3 1
(b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 1 3 2 4
23. How many circles are there in the following figure.

(a)
11 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d)
14
174
24. How many squares are there in the image given below?
(a)
2 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d)
4
25. How many angles are there in the given figure?
(a)
12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d)
15
26. Match the following

Group - 1 Group - 2
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
Codes
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 1 3 1 2
d. 1 4 2 3
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EBD_7018
27.
How many shapes can be identified in the figure given above and write
which shape has maximum occurrence?
(a) 3,Quadrilateral (b) 3, Hectagon (c) 5,Circles (d) 9,Squares
28. Which one of the following is a right angle triangle?
1 2
4
3
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 1

29. How many squares are visible in the image given below?
(a)
2 (b) 3 (c)
5 (d) 1
30. What is the shape of the last boggy behind the bear?

(a) Square (b) Rectangle (c) Oval (d) Circular
176
LEVEL-2
1. How many time does " " appears in the figure given below?
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 7 (d) 9

2. Find the number of straight lines in the given figure.

(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 14
3. How many ovals are there in the picture given below.

(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 8
Direction (Qs. 4 - 8) : Look at the following figure and answer the given questions.
4. How many right angled triangles are there in the image?

(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 4
5. How many hexagons are there in the image given above?
(a) 7 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 4
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6. How many quadrilaterals are there in the image given above?
(a) 9 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d)
2
7. How many different shapes are there in the image?
(a)
3 (b) 9 (c)
5 (d)
8
8. What is the total number of shapes in the image?
(a) 19 (b) 20 (c) 12 (d) 22
9. How many right angled triangles are there in the given image?

(a) 6 (b) 7 (c)
5 (d) 4
10. How many circles are there in the dotted line?
(a) 16 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 18

11. How many triangles are there in the given picture?
(a)
10 (b) 15 (c)
18 (d)
20
12. How many triangles and circles are there in the given figure below?
(a) 9, 10 (b) 10, 9 (c) 9, 9 (d) 10, 10
178
13. Mrs. Ryan shows two groups of shapes to her class.
Then she asks, "Which rule was used to sort these shapes into groups?"

(a) Large things and small things (b) Triangles and squares
(c) Circles and figures with 4 sides (d) Triangles and figures with four sides
14. Write the name of the figure given below?
(a) Right angle (b) Intersecting lines

(c) Perpendicular line (d) Obtuse angle
15. How many pentagons are visible in the figure given below?
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 6

16.
How many hexagons are there in the above figure?

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
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17. How many squares are there in the given figure?
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6

18. How many ovals are there in the given figure?
(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 10

Direction (Qs. 19 - 22): Look out the following figure and answer the questions.
19. How many rectangles are there in side the given image?
(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 7
20. How many half circles are there in side the given image?
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 6
21. How many full circles are there in side the image?
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 6
22. How many squares are there in side the image?
(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
23. How many rectangles are there in the given figure?
(a)
5 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 1
180
24.

How many triangles can be identified in the above tangram?
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 7
25. There are _________ more circles than the number of triangles in the picture.
(Olympiad)
(a) 21 (b) 26 (c) 22 (d) 16
26. There are ___________ more slanting lines than the number of triangles in
the given figures.
(Olympiad)
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 3
27. Count the number of straight lines in the given figure.
(Olympiad)
(a) 20 (b) 21 (c) 22 (d) 23
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28. Count the number of circles in the given figure.
(Olympiad)
(a) 15 (b) 14 (c) 12 (d) 13
29. Which of the following shapes is NOT present in the given figure?

(Olympiad)
(a) Triangle (b) Square (c) Rectangle (d) Circle
30. Which solid is used to draw the Shape (X)?
Shape (X)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
31. Find the number of cubes in the given figure.

(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 12
182
32. Which of the following figures is formed by using three circles and two
squares together?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(Olympiad)
33. How many line segments are there in the given figure?

A B C D E (Olympiad)
(a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 10 (d) 18
34. Which of the following alphabets is NOT present in the given logo?

(Olympiad)
(a) E (b) V (c) A (d) F
183
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Solutions
LEVEL - 1 5. (d)
There are 8 triangles in the
1. (a)
2 figure.
3 2 4
1
3 5
7 8

4
6. (b) There are 2 triangles in the
picture.
The curve in the figure is sur- 7. (d) There are 6 rectangles in the
rounded by 4 straight lines. picture.
2. (b) 5 8. (d) There are 2 ovals in the

1
picture.
2
9. (a) 12, 8, 6
10. (b)
11. (b) There are 13 circles in the but-
terfly.
4
5
3 5 6
4
There are 5 ovals in the figure. 13
12
3. (a) 1
3 11
10
2 9
8
1 Straight line is there in the 7
figure.
4. (c) There are 22 straight lines 12. (c) There are 3 rectangles in the
are there in the diagram. picture.
1 2
1
3 7 13 19
5 11 17 2
9 10 15 16 21 22
6 12 18
4 8 14 20 3
184
13. (b) There are 4 oval shapes in the There are three rectangles,
diagram. two circles, 6 triangles and
one hexagon in the picture. So,
1
the triangle has the maximum
number.
2
3
4
18. (b) 6
1 2
14. (b) There are 12 corners in the
5
image.
1 2 4 3
6
5
4 3
7 8
10 9
12 11 There are 6 squares in the image.

3
54 1 19. (b) There are 11 rectangles in the
2
6 figure.
5 – Curves = 8
12
8
7 4 = Straight line = 12
3
15. (b) 1
2
5 11
7 6
98
10
4
11
1 32
There are 8 curves and 12 9 10 8
straight lines in the diagram
given above.
16. (c) 6 7
20.
(d)
There are 12 curves in the
diagram.
11 12
8
5 6
7 9 10
1 2 4 6
3 5
4 7
1 2 3 8
There are 8 squares in the castle.

21. (b) There are 6 shaded circles in
17. (a) the image.
1 2
6
3
4 5
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22. (c) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1.
23. (c) There are 13 circles in the
figure . 1 2
24. (b) There are 7 squares in the im- 3

age.
4 5
1
2 11 12 6 7
3
25. (a) 4 9 2. (c)
10 A B
6 5 7
8 LK D C
There are 12 angles in the I J E F
figure. H G
26. (b) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 Straight lines : AB, BC, CD,
27. (a) DE, EF, FG, GH, HI, IJ, JK,
6 KL, AL
7 1 2 3 Number of straight lines = 12.
3. (b) There are 6 ovals in the
5 4
picture.
There are 7 different kind of 4. (a) There are 2 right angled
shape available in the picture triangles in the image.
given above and quadrilateral 5. (b) There are 2 hexagons in the
has the maximum number of image.
occurrence, i.e. 3.
6. (d) There are 2 quadrilaterals in
28. (d)
the image.
29. (d)
7. (b) There are 9 different shapes
1 in the image
8. (a) There are total 19 shapes in
the image.
9. (c) There are 5 right angled
triangles in the image.
10. (b) There are 14 circles in the
Only one square is visible in
dotted line.
the image.
30. (d) The last boggy behind the bear 11. (c) 18 7 8
is in circular shape. 17 1 9
6 2
LEVEL - 2 16 10
5 3
15 4 11
1. (c) There are 7 ' ' in the
14 13 12
figure.

186
There are total 18 triangles in 26.
(a)
There are 2 more slanting
the given image. lines than the number of
12. (c) There are 9 triangles and 9 triangles in given figure.
circles in the given figure. 27.
(b)
There are 21 number of
13. (d) One group has only triangles, straight, lines in the figure.
other has figures with four
sides 28. (d) There are 13 number of circles
14. (c) Perpendicular line in the figure.
15. (d) There are six pentagons in the 29. (b) "SQUARE" shape is not pres-
figure. ent in the figure.
16. (c) There are six hexagons in the 30. (c) "MATCH BOX" solid is used
figure. to draw the shape (X).
17. (a) There are five squares in the
figure. 31.
(c)
There are 11 cubes in the
given figure.
18. (c) There are 6 ovals in the
figure. 32. (b) Figure (b) is formed by using
19. (d) 7. three circles and two squares
20. (b) 8. together.
21. (c) 4. 33. (c) There are 10 line segments in
22. (a) 6. the figure.
23. (c) 8.
34. (c) Alphabet "A" is not present in
24. (d) 7. the given logo.
25. (d) There are 16 more circles than
the number of traingles in the
picture.
187
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C H A P T E R
11
Embedded Figures
OBJECTIVES
• Students will learn to manipulate their mental image of an object in
order to reach a certain conclusion.
• They will constitute a noticeable feature of something.
Introduction
Embedded figure is a part of a non-verbal reasoning and it is used to evaluate
cognitive skills in children.
Definition
Embedded figure means to find out the hidden figure/shape in a given figure.
Type I: Identify the small part hidden in given figure.

Direction (Examples 1 & 2 ) : In which of the following figures, Figure (X)
is exactly embedded as one of its part?
Example 1

Figure (x)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (b)
188
Example 2

Figure
(X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (c)
Example 3
Find out the option figure which contains figure (X) as its part.
Figure (X) (a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (b)
Type II : Identify the figure in which given part is hidden.

Direction (Examples 4 & 5): Select the option figure which is embedded in
the given figure (X).
Example 4
Ans. (b)
Example 5
5. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure (X)
Ans. (d)
189
EBD_7018

LEVEL-1
.
Direction (Qs. 1 – 10) : Find the figure from the options which is hidden/embedded
in figure (X).
1. Figure (X) (a) (b) (c) (d)
2. Figure (X) (a) (b) (c) (d)
3.
+ =?
4. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure (X)
5. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure (X)
6. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure (X)
7. Figure (X) (a) (b) (c) (d)

190
8. Figure (X) (a) (b) (c) (d)
9. Figure (X) (a) (b) (c) (d)
10. Figure (X) (a) (b) (c) (d)
Direction (Qs. 11 - 20) : In which of the following figures shape (M) is exaxtly
embedded as one of its part?
11.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Shape (M)
12.
Shape (M) (a) (b) (c) (d)
13.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Shape (M)
14.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Shape (M)
15.
191
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16.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Shape (M)
17.
18.
19.
20.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Shape (M)
192
LEVEL-2
1. In which of the following options, the figure similar to the given figure (X)
is embedded?
2. Which of the following alphabet is NOT embedded in the given figure (X)?

Figure (X)
(a) L (b) V (c) N (d) A
3. Which shape is NOT embedded in the given figure (X)?
4. Which of the words is NOT embedded in the Figure (X)?
(a) DK (b) LT (c) OD (d) NE

Figure (X)
5. Select the shape which is exactly embedded in the figure (X).
193
EBD_7018
6. Which of the following shapes is not embedded in figure (X)?
Figure (X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7. In which of the following alphabets is not embedded in shape (M)?
Shape (M) (a) (b) (c) (d) O

8. Which of the following shapes is embedded in figure (X)?
Direction (Qs. 9 & 10) : In which of the following figures, shape (M) is em-
bedded?
9.
(M) (a) (b) (c) (d)
10.
(M) (a) (b) (c) (d)
Direction (Qs.11 - 14) Find out the figure that from the options contains
figure (A) as its part.
11.
(A) (a) (b) (c) (d)
194

Figure (A) (a) (b) (c) (d)
13.

14.

15. Find out the figure in which figure (X) is embedded?

16. Find out the figure in which shape (M) is embedded?
B
17. In which of the following figures, shape (M) is embedded?
(M) (M)
Shape (a) (b) (c) (d)
195
EBD_7018
18. In which of the following figures shapes (X) is exactly embedded?
Shape (X) (a) (b) (c) (d)

19. Select the option figure which is embedded in the given figure (X).
20. Find the figure from the options which is exactly hidden/ embedded in
figure (X).
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure (X)
(Olympiad)
21. Which of the following alphabets is NOT embedded in the given figure?

(a) K (b) I (c) F (d) O (Olympiad)
22. In which of the following figures, Fig. (X) is exactly embedded as one of its
part.
Figure(X)
196
23. Which of the following words is not embedded in the Figure (X)?
Figure (X)
(a) ON (b) TO (c) QO (d) OK (Olympiad)
24. Select the shape which is exactly embedded in the Figure (X).
Figure (X)
25. Find the figure from the options which is NOT exactly embedded in
figure (X).
Figure (X)
197
EBD_7018
Solutions
LEVEL - 1 10. (a)
1. (b)
11. (a)
2. (a)

12. (c)
3. (c)

13. (c)

4. (a)
14. (c)

5. (a) 15. (d)

16. (b)
6. (d)

17. (b)

7. (b)
18. (b)

8. (b) 19. (c)
9. (c) 20. (d)

198
LEVEL - 2 9. (c)
1. (b)
10. (c)

2. (d)
11. (b)
L is embedded

12. (b)
V is embedded
13. (a)
N is embedded
14. (a)
3. (b)
A is not embedded.
4. (d) N
E is not embedded in the 15. (c)
figure (X).

5. (b)
16. (d)

6. (d)
is not embedded in 17. (d)
figure (X).

7. (d) O
is not embedded in shape
(M). 18. (d)
8. (c)

199
EBD_7018
23. (c) Q is not embedded in the
19. (d) given figure.
Letter T
20. (b)
Letter N Letter O
Letter K
21. (c) Alphabet F is not embedded 24. (c)

in the given figure
25. (c) Figure in option (c) is not

exactly embedded in given
figure.
22. (c)

Figure(X)
200
C H A P T E R
12
Mirror Images
OBJECTIVES
Students will learn how different objects are seen when they get reflected
in mirror.
Introduction
The image obtained by putting a mirror in front of the real image is known as
mirror image or mirror reflection. The right side of an object appears on the
left side and the left side of an object appears on the right side. Phenomenon of
getting a letter inverted in its mirror image is called the lateral inversion. It is
obtained by inverting an object laterally. If we combine the original figure and
mirror image together, they form symmetry. Now look at these figures:
mirror
(a) (b)
If we combine both the figures (a) and (b), we get a new figure in shape of the
heart.
201
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Mirror Images of Capital Letters
mirror mirror
A N
B O
C P
D Q
E R
F S
G T
H U
I V
J W
K X
L Y
M Z
Note- The letters which have the mirror images same as their original form are –
A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X, Y
Mirror images of small letters
mirror mirror
a a n
b b o
c c p
d d q
e e r
f f s
g g t
h h u
i i v
j j w
k k x
l l y
m m z

Note- The letters which have the mirror images same as their original form are –
i, l, o, v, w, x
202
Mirror images of Numbers
mirror
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Note- 0 and 8 numbers have the mirror images. Same as their original form.
Types of Mirror Images

Type I: Letter/Number Images
Here, we are given a combination of letters/words/numbers.
We have to find their mirror images out of the given alternatives.
Direction (Examples 1 &2) : In each of the following questions, you are given
a combination of alphabets and/ or numbers followed by four alternatives (a),
(b), (c), and (d). Choose the alternative which most closely resembles the mirror
image of the given combination.
Example 1
1. FUN
(a) FU (b) U (c) (d)
Ans. (d)
If we put a mirror in front of the word, we will get the image like
mirror
FUN

203
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Example 2
2. 8195
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Ans. (b)
If we put mirror in front of the number, we will get the image like
mirror
8195

Type II: Geometrical Images

In these types of questions, we deal with figures taking defined
geometrical shapes.
Example 3
3. In the following question, choose the correct mirror image of the figure (X)
from alternatives (a), (b), (c) and (d).

(X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Ans. (c)
Here, mirror is taken vertically to right side. Hence, mirror image of figure
(X) will be like
(X)
204
Example 4
What will be the mirror image of clock time 3:40?
12 21 1 12 21 1
11 1 1 1 11 1 1 1
10 2 2 01 10 2 2 01
9 3 3 9 9 3 3 9
8 4 8 8 4 8
4 4
7 5 7 7 5 7
6 5 6 6 5 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (b)
12
1 21 1
11 11
10 2 2 01
mirror
9 3 3 9
8 4 8
4
7 7
6 5 5 6
Example 5
What will be the mirror image of given figure (X)?
2A5
Figure (X)
A
2A5 2 A5 5A2 2 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (c)
If we put mirror in front of the figure (X), we will get the image like
Mirror
2A5 5A2
205
EBD_7018
LEVEL-1
1. Pick the correct option for the mirror image of the pattern given below
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2. Find the mirror image of the given word.
POND
O O
mirror (a) (b) O (c) (d)
Direction (Qs. 3 – 8) : Find the mirror image of the following combination of

letters or numbers.
3. B 5 E 2 (a) (b) (c) (d)

4. S I T 9 (a) T I (b) IT (c) IT (d) T I
5. Z X H 3 (a) (b) (c) (d)
6. t b h a (a) (b) (c) (d)
7. N u 5 6 (a) (b) Nu56

(c) 65uN (d)
8. WHITE (a) (b) (c) (d)
9. Find the correct mirror image of given figure.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10. Find the mirror image of letters, if mirror is placed along dotted line MN.
206
M
N
TSAM
Figure (x) (a) TSAM (b) MAST (c) ST (d)
11. Find the mirror image of letters, if mirror is placed along dotted line AB?
A
QUALITY ?
B
(a) IT (b) T I U (c) Y IT U (d)
Direction (Qs. 12 - 21): Given below are some simple patterns followed by
four options of their mirror images. Choose the exact mirror image of the pat-
tern from the option.
12. ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
13.
??
(a) (b) (c) (d)
207
EBD_7018
14. +
??
+ + +
(a) (b) (c) (d)
+
15.
??
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16.
??

(a) (b) (c) (d)
??
17.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
208
18.
??
(a) (b) (c) (d)
19. ??
(a) (b) (c) (d)
20. ??
(a) (b) (c) (d)
21. ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
209
EBD_7018
Direction (Qs. 22 – 30) : Given below sets of numbers followed by four options
with its mirror images. Pick are the correct image.
22. 256913 ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
23. 827543 ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
24.
?
(a) 915342 (b) 124539 (c) 439521 (d) 425391
25. 215790 ?
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d)
26. 3691521 ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
210
27.
?

(a) (b) (c) (d)
+
28. ?
+
+ +
+
(a) (b) (c) (d)
A
29. ?
A A
A A
(a) (b) (c) (d)
211
EBD_7018
30.
?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
31. Find out the exact mirror image of the given pattern.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
212
LEVEL-2
Direction (Qs. 1 – 5): Select the correct mirror image of given figures.
Mirror
1. FRIEND ?
(a) (b) I
(c) D NI (d) IEN
Mirror
2. 546931 ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Mirror
3. ALPHABET ?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
213
EBD_7018
Mirror
4. 146653 ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Mirror
5. N1P2F3 ?
(a) F32P1N (b) 3F2P1N (c) N7 (d) F

6. Direction (Qs. 6 -13): Which of the following is the mirror image of the
figure shown here?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7. ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
214
8.
?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Mirror
H
9.
P
?
H P
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10. M ?
M M M M
(a) (b) (c) (d)
11.
?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
215
EBD_7018
12
12. 9 3
?
6
12 12 21 12
9 3 9 3 3 9 6 3
(a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d) 9
13.
?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Direction (Qs. 14 - 16): Select the mirror image of the following words.
14. MOVEMENT ?
(a) O T (b) O T
(c) (d) VO
15. CHENNAI ?
(a) NNAI (b) IANN (c) IA (d) CIH A
216
16. UNDERSTAND ?
(a) (b) T
(c) T (d) T
17. Select down the mirror image of the word in same style.
A T R ?

(a) A T (b) T SA
(c) T (d) T A
18. Find out the mirror image of the pattern as given below:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
19. Pick out the mirror image of the given pattern from the four option.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
217
EBD_7018
20. Choose the correct mirror image of the following pattern from the four
given option.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
21. Select the correct mirror image of the given letters.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
22. Pick out the correct mirror image of the cube given below.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
218
23. Select the mirror image of the word given below.
LADDER ?

(a) R ADDE (b) R EDDA (c) R E A (d) A
24. Select the mirror image of the set of numbers given below.
594237 ?

(a) (b) (c) (d)
25. Which of the following options shows the correct mirror image of Fig. (X)?
.. .. .
.. .. .. .. .. .
.... . .
..
––
–– – –
––
– ––
Fig. (X)
Mirror

. ..
.. .. .. .. ... . ..
.. .. .. .. ...
––
. ...
.. .. ..
.. .. . –
–– –– –– . ...
.. .. .. .. .. .
.. .. . . .. .. ..
..
––
.. . . –– –– ––
––
– – .. .. .. .. ... .. –– –– –– – –– ––
–
–
– ––
– –
.. .. .. . –
(a) (b) (c) –– (d)
––
(Olympiad)
219
EBD_7018
26. Which of the following options shows the mirror image of Fig. (X), if the
mirror is placed along MN?
M
5
P
Fig. (X)
N

P P P
5
5 5 5
P
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(Olympiad)
27. Which of the following options shows the correct mirror image of Fig.(X)?
Fig. (X)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(Olympaid)
28. Select the correct mirror image of Fig.(X), if mirror is placed along MN?
M
MILK
N
Fig. (X)
KLIM MILK
MILK KLIM
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(Olympiad)
220
29. Select the correct mirror image of Figure (X) along the mirror MN.
M
B 2
1 A
A 1
A 1 (a) (b) 2 B
B 2
B 2 B 2
Figure (X)
(c) A 1 (d) A 1

N (Olympiad)
30. Select the correct mirror image of Figure (X).
3
3 3
(a) (b)
Figure (X)
3 3
(c) (d)
(Olympiad)
31. Which of the following options show the mirror image of Fig.(X), if mirror
is placed along MN?
M C C
C A 7 A 7
8 8
7 A (a) (b)
8
8 C
7 A
Fig. (X)
N
C A 7
8
(c) (d)
(Olympiad)
221
EBD_7018
32. Which of the following options shows the correct mirror image of Fig. (X)?
STAR
2 3
Fig. (X)
Mirror
2 3
STAR
RATS
3 2
(a) (b)
STAR
RATS
2 3 3 2
(c) (d)
(Olympiad)
222
Solutions
LEVEL - 1 A
11. (d) QUALITY

1. (a) B
12. (c)
2. (a) POND
13. (a)
3. (b) B5E2
+ +
14. (b)
4. (d) SIT9 9TIS
15. (c)
5. (c) ZXH3
16. (d)
6. (d) tbha
17. (a)
7. (c) Nu56 65uN
18. (b)
8. (a)
9. (c)
19. (c)
M
10. (a) TSAM
223
EBD_7018
20. (d) 27. (b)
+ +
28. (a)
21. (b)
22. (d) 256913 A A
29. (d)
23. (c) 827543
30. (a)
24. (d)
31. (c)
25. (d) 215790 LEVEL -2

Mirror
1. (a) FRIEND
26. (a) 3691521
Mirror
2. (b) 546931
224
Mirror
3. (c) 11. (c)

ALPHABET
Mirror
12 21
9 3 3 9
12. (c)
4. (d) 146653 6 6
Mirror
13. (b)
5. (b) N1P2F3
14. (c) MOVEMENT
6. (c)
15. (b) CHENNAI

7. (d)
8. (c) 16. (a) UNDERSTAND
17. (d) A T R R T A
H H
9. (b)
P P
18. (c)
10. (d) M M
19. (c)
225
EBD_7018
20. (a) 27. (b)
21. (b)
28. (b) MILK KLIM
N
22. (d)
M
A 1 1 A
29. (b) B 2 2 B
23. (b) LADDER

N
24. (a) 594237

30. (b) 3 3
... ... .. . . .. . ..
. ..
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ..
.. . . .
25. (d) ––
..
–– ––
–– –– –– – –– ––
– –– –– M
C C
M
31. (b)
7 A A 7
8 8
5 5
26. (b) P P N
32. (b) STAR RATS

2 3 3 2
226
C H A P T E R
13
Visual Reasoning
OBJECTIVES
• To identify relationships, similarities and differences between shapes
and patterns.
• To recognise visual sequences and relationships between objects and
remembering these.
Introduction
Visual reasoning is the process of manipulating one's mental image of an object
to reach a certain conclusion.
Examples:-
1. Which figure will complete the figure (X) ?

Figure (X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (a)
2. Which of the following figure will complete the pattern?

Figure (X)
227
EBD_7018
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (c)
3.
4 1
3 2

Find out the missing image of the box no. 4.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

4 1
3 2
Ans. (c)
4. Group the given figures into three classes using each figure only once.
1 2 3
4 5 6

(a) 1 , 5 ; 2 , 6 ; 4,3
(b)1 , 4 ; 2 , 3 ; 5 , 6
(c) 1 , 6 ; 2 , 3 ; 4 , 5
(d) 1 , 2 ; 3 , 6 ; 4,5
Ans. (b) Here, figures (1 and 4) are similar,
228
Figures (2 and 3) are similar
and figures (5 and 6) are similar
So, option (b) is correct.
5. Select a suitable option that would complete the figure matrix.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Ans. (c) One shaded triangle is increasing in each step.
229
EBD_7018
LEVEL-1
1. Look at the figure carefully and check what is missing in the second
picture.
Picture –A Picture – B
(a) A Panda (b) Visitors (c) Bushes (d) Bamboo tree
2. If you fold the image (M) along the dotted line, which shape will be formed?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Image (M)
Direction (Qs. 3 – 6) : Given below are some parts of a figure. Merge them
and identify the whole figure.
3.

+ =
?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4.
+ =?
230
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5.
+ =?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

6.
+ =?

(a) (b) (c) (d)
7. Identify the other symmetrical part of figure (X).

Figure (X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Directions (Qs. 8 – 12) : Identify the missing piece to complete the figure (X).
8. Figure (X) (a) (b) (c) (d)
231
EBD_7018
9. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure (X)
10. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure (X)
11. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure (X)
12. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure (X)
W
hich is the last shape in Figure (X) on which all the other
13. shapes are being overlapped.?
Figure (X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Direction (Qs. 14 – 16) : Which shape is most similar to the shapes in the
group of figure (x) Choose the correct answer.
14.
Figure (X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
232
15.
Figure (X) ..
(a) (b) (c) (d) . .
16.
Figure (X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

17. Choose which of the shapes should go in the big oval?
××
?
× ××
××
×× (a) × ×× (b) (c) (d) ××

Direction (Qs. 18 & 19) : If the dotted area in each of the figure (X) is cut,
find out which new shape will be formed?
18. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure(X)
19. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure(X)
20. If the figure (X) is turned in the pointed direction, what new figure will be
formed?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure(X)
233
EBD_7018
LEVEL-2
Direction (Qs. 1 – 3): Which two option figures will form figure (X)?
1. (1) (2) (3) (4)

Figure(X)
2. (1) (2) (3) (4)

Figure(X)
3. Figure(X) (1) (2) (3) (4)

4. Which shape does not shows a correct line of symmetry?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

5. How many small circles are inside all three squares?

(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 11
Direction (Qs. 6–8) : Find out from amongst the four options as to how the
pattern would appear when the transparent sheet is folded at the dotted line.
. .
<<
<<
..
.
<<<<<
.
<<
.
<<
<<
6. Figure(X) (a) (b) (c) (d)
234
7. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure(X)
8. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure(X)
Direction (Qs. 9 – 11) : Find out which of the figures (a), (b), (c) and (d) can
be formed from the pieces given in figure (X).
9. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure(X)
10. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure(X)
11. a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure(X)
Direction (Qs. 12 – 14) : Figure X and Y show the sequence of folding paper.
Figure Z depicts the manner in which the folded paper has been cut. Choose
the option which will be same as the unfolded figure Z?
12.
(X) (Y) (Z)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
235
EBD_7018
13.
(X) (Y) (Z)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
14.
(X) (Y) (Z)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1 2 3
4 5 6

7 8 9
(a) 1, 5, 7 ; 2, 4, 6 ; 3, 9, 8 (b) 1, 5, 7 ; 2, 4, 8 ; 3, 6, 9
(c) 1, 4, 7 ; 2, 5, 8 ; 3, 6, 9 (d) 1, 7, 9 ; 3, 5, 8 ; 2, 4, 6
Direction (Qs. 16 & 17) : Find out from amongst the four options as to how the
.. .
pattern would appear when the transparent sheet is folded at the dotted line.
16.

..
Figure(X)
. ... .. ..
.. .. .. ..
(a) (b) (c) . (d) .
236
17.
Figure(X)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1 3 4
2 5
6 7 8 9
(a) 7, 8, 9 ; 2, 4, 3 ; 1, 5, 6 (b) 1, 3, 2 ; 4, 5, 7 ; 6, 8, 9
(c) 1, 6, 8, ; 3, 4, 7 ; 2, 5, 9 (d) 1, 6, 9 ; 3, 4, 7 ; 2, 5, 8
19. Which two shapes do not form a ring?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

20. When a straw is put in a glass of water, how will it look from the top?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

21. What is needed to finish the shape?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
237
EBD_7018
Direction (Qs 22 – 24) : For each question, choose the combination of cut–up
pieces, that when put together, will make up the shape shown. Pieces may
need to be turned around or turned over to make them fit.
22.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
23.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
24.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25. Select the alternative which represents three out of the five alternative
figures which when fitted into eachother would form a complete square.
1 2 3
4 5
(a) 1, 2, 4 (b) 2, 3, 4 (c) 3, 4, 5 (d) 2, 3, 5
238
Solutions
LEVEL - 1 10. (c)

1. (a) One Panda is missing in the
second picture.
2. (b)
3. (b)

11. (d)
4. (d)
5. (a)
12. (c)

6. (b)
13. (a) Circle is the last shape in the
given figure.
7. (a)
14. (c)
8. (a) 15. (c)

16. (c)
17. (d)
9. (b)
18. (a)

19. (d)
20. (b)
239
EBD_7018
LEVEL - 2 16. (b)
17. (d)
4 18. (d) 1, 6, 9 are all triangles.
1. (c)
2 3, 4, 7 are all four-sided figures.
2, 5, 8 are all five - sided figures.
4 19. (d)
2. (b) 1
3. (a) 1 (d) (b)

3
(a) (c)
4. (a)
Shape in option (d) does not form a ring.
20. (d)
There are six small
circles belonging to
all the three squares
5. (a) 21. (a)
6. (a)
7. (a)
22. (a)
8. (d)
9. (c)
10. (b)
11. (a)
12. (b) 23. (a)
13. (d)
14. (a) 24. (d)
15. (b) 1, 5, 7 have two similar elements,
one inside the other.
5
2, 4, 8 have one element placed
inside a different element. 25. (d) 3
3, 6, 9 have two similar elements, 2
one inside the other and the
area between the two elements
is shaded.
240

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5

• Detailed theory followed by Solved Examples.

• MCQ in 2 levels with Detailed Solution.

• Covers past year Olympiad Exam Questions.

• 5 Online Mock Tests based on different Olympiad Exam.

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How to access the Online Test(s)?

1. Visit the link given below.

Note: No login required.

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3. Odd One Out 42-55

4. Alphabet and Sequence Test 56-71

5. Ranking Test 72-93

6. Coding – Decoding 94-109

7. Time, Days and Dates & Possible Combinations 110-124

8. Problem Solving 125-140

10. Geometrical Shapes 162-187

11. Embedded Figures 188-200

12. Mirror Images 201-226

13. Visual Reasoning 227-240

Types of Analogy Relationships

Type I: Completing the Analogous Pair

Picture Based Analogy

Directions (Examples 1 &2) :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Sum of dots on visible face of cube is 8.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

First figure of the pair can be put in the second figure.

Type II: Number Based Analogy

(a) 35 (b) 42 (c) 40 (d) 28

(a) Z (b) Y (c) V (d) W

Bird : Sky : : Duck : ?

(a) Swim (b) Quack (c) Fly (d) Water

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) 2592 (b) 156 (c) 158 (d) 159

(a) 42 (b) 43 (c) 44 (d) 45

18. 1:00 am : 1:25 am :: 2:00 pm : ?

(a) 2:00 am (b) 2:10 pm (c) 2:25 am (d) 2:25 pm

(a) AN (b) DP (c) NP (d) OM

23. ACE : ECA : : GIK : ?

24. ACE : BDF : : K M O : ?

(a) K 11 (b) K12 (c) I9 (d) M13

Lion : Den : : Books : ?

27. Car : 4 tyres : : Rickshaw : ?

(c) Grandmother (d) Uncle

Tea : Biscuit : : Bread : ?

30. Ears is to Hear, As, Tongue is to ?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

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9. 24, 20, 16, , , 4

23. 3, 6, 9, 12, ,