• Somatic cells

• Mitosis
• Meiosis
• Sex chromosomes
• Haploid (Gamete)
• Diploid (Soma)
- Carries the genes, the unit
determiners of hereditary
characteristics
*Number of chromosomes is crucial
to survival of the organisms
- Increase or decrease =
mutation or inviability that
can lead to death
- Increase in number of
chromosomes is called
polyploidy.
➢ Sequence of DNA or RNA
➢ Basic physical and
functional unit of heredity
➢ Heritable factors
Genes may have multiple
different alleles though
only 2 are present at the
gene’s locus in any
individual.
➢ specific location of the
genes (or DNA sequence)
along the entire length of
chromosomes
➢ Loci - plural
➢Variant form of a
gene
➢When copies of a gene
differ from each other
➢ is the physical expression,
or characteristics, of that
trait
➢ Can be dominant or
recessive
➢ is the set of genes in our DNA
which is responsible for a
particular trait.
➢ 3 types
PP- homozygous dominant),
Pp- heterozygous
pp- homozygous recessive).
➢ Having 2
different
alleles of
the gene
➢ Having the same alleles of the
gene
- Some genes are located in the
same chromosome and during
gamete formation, they do not
segregate or assort
independently.
- Genes that are located in the
same chromosomes and tend to