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5G-ENABLED

PERSONAL COMPUTERS
Competitive Intelligence Report

JUNE 2020
AI INSIGHTS | JUNE 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Executive Summary................................................5

2. Research Scope.......................................................6

3. Introduction............................................................7
Always-on solutions as a springboard for 4G-enabled computers............7
5G to unlock the real potential of connected PCs............10

4. Factors influencing 5G-enabled PC adoption...........1 1


Key drivers of 5G-enabled PC adoption in enterprises............13
> Cloud computing and automation............13
> Seamless connectivity............13
> Fast and secure wireless network............13
> eSIM integration............13
> Convenience............13

Adoption barriers for enterprise-centric 5G-enabled PCs............14


> Need for larger capital investments............14
> Competition with established Wi-Fi networks and mobile dongles............14
> Health concerns............14

Use cases highlighting the significance of 5G-enabled PCs............15


> Productivity as a service............15
> Real-time collaboration............15
> Unified digital infrastructure............15
5. Integration Challenges for 5G-enabled PCs............1 6
Antenna placements............17
Signal-to-noise ratio............17
Antenna isolation............18
Thermal management............18

6. Competitive Analysis.....................................................1 9
Frontrunners: Leading the 5G-enabled PC market............21
> Lenovo............21
> Dell............24
> Hewlett-Packard (HP)............27
> Comparison of all the 5G-enabled PCs announced (as of May 2020)............29

Other contenders in the 5G-enabled PCs domain............33

7. Key Takeaways....................................................3 8
Delay in deployment............39
New entrants in the PC ecosystem............39
Monopoly in the 5G-enabled PC modem space............39
Multi-mode and backward compatibility............39
Rare activity related to 5G in desktops............40
Role of AI spans across technical and operational parameters............40

Opportunities and Recommendations for


8.
Key Stakeholders.. ............................................. . . . 4 1
Mobile network operators............42
> New revenue stream............42
> Data plans............43
> Deployment partner............43

PC OEMS............43
> Geographical deployment strategy............43
> Deployment partner............43
5G modem manufacturers............44
> Integrated RF and baseband solutions............44
> Expanding end-device support............44

Cloud service providers and cloud-based applications............44

9. Conclusion...........................................................4 5

10. Annexure.............................................................4 8

11. References...........................................................5 6

5G-enabled Personal Computers 4


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Enterprises are increasingly embracing mobile and automated work environments and 5G is
redefining our approach towards enterprise mobility and automation strategies. The rapid spread
of 5G infrastructure is underscoring new business use cases and driving digital device makers to
rethink their offerings across a host of application areas including automotive, robotics, augmented/
virtual/mixed reality, and IoT-enabled services.

The 5G-enabled personal computer (PC) is a direct result of this trend. An increasingly converged
value chain ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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A competitive intelligence study was conducted to identify the evolution of enterprise PCs in the 5G
era. The study comprises an overview of 4G- and 5G-enabled PC ecosystems, and highlights the
strategies of PC makers and other companies in the PC value chain contemplating 5G connectivity.

5G-enabled Personal Computers 5


RESEARCH SCOPE
The objective of the report is to study the prominent participants focused on providing 5G-enabled
PCs for enterprise applications. We have assessed a total of 13 companies active in the cellular-
enabled PC domain. A competitive analysis was performed for tracking the PC makers’ 5G-related
activities such as partnerships, segment focus, strategies, and product announcements. Products and
solutions related to radio frequency front-end (RFFE), antennas, and modems are highlighted only in
relation with the PC products.

The critical questions answered in this report have been listed below:

◊ What are the factors for an increase in traction of cellular-enabled PCs? What are the key
strategies for enabling 4G-connected PCs?

◊ What are the opportunities in the always on connected systems domain that are making
5G connectivity for PCs an attractive option?

◊ What are the drivers, market limitations, and technical challenges associated with the
adoption and development of 5G-enabled PCs?

◊ Who are the frontrunners and the other contenders in the 5G-enabled PC domain with near
term and long term market entry plans, respectively?

◊ Who are the key 5G technology enablers for PCs, and how does that affect the dynamics of
the enterprise operations?

◊ What are the benefits that 5G-enabled PCs can provide for the enterprise sector?

◊ Which key patent publications can be mapped to the cellular-enabled PCs that are
commercialized or under development?

◊ What are the key strategies and roadmaps for commercial availability of 5G-enabled PCs from
various PC OEMs?

◊ What are the opportunities for various stakeholders in realizing 5G-enabled PCs?

The study leverages a set of standardized definitions:

Enterprises
Businesses including commercial, educational, the federal government, hospitals, hotels, office
campuses, manufacturing, warehousing, transportation and other non-residential environments.
RFEE
RF transceiver chips and antennas
Modem
Cellular baseband chips
PCs
For the purpose of the study PCs include only laptops and 2-in-1s (laptops and tablet in one) and all
other variants of PCs including desktops, workstations are explicitly defined.

5G-enabled Personal Computers 6


INTRODUCTION
Always On solutions as a springboard for 4G-enabled PCs
AOAC PCs are proliferating, and are set to redefine the present PC ecosystem. AOAC is an umbrella
term used to define PCs with lightweight and flexible form factors, which can switch on instantly,
have battery life in days, and are enabled with cellular connectivity, in addition to other legacy
options.

While the concept is not new, the specific term “AOAC” has emerged only over the last four years,
with PC makers leveraging it as a marketing strategy. The concept gained momentum with .....................
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The AOAC concept in PCs is being driven further by the growing adoption of ..........................................................
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The AOAC concept has evolved over the last 10 years as the PC makers ....................................................................
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.................................................................. Figure 1 shows the distribution of PCs based on their application focus in
enterprise and consumer segments.

Share of Cellular-enabled PCs: Enterprise vs. Consumer

xx

xx
Total xx PCs
xx

xx

Figure 1: Distribution of the Application Focus Areas for the PCs

5G-enabled Personal Computers 7


Figure 2 shows the distribution of PCs (available in the market) provided by the companies
active in the domain.

PCs with Cellular Connectivity

xx xx

xx
xx
xx

5 • Cellular connectivity in
Lenovo
2 PCs is majorly explored for
enterprise segment
xx
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xx

xx

xx

xx Source: Netscribes’ Research

0 5 10 15 20

Figure 2: Distribution of the Count of Cellular-enabled PCs Provided by Various PC OEMs

4G Modem Provider

xx
Figure 3 shows the distribution xx
For the Total
of cellular modem providers
of xx Cellular- xx xx
for all the cellular-enabled PCs
enabled PCs
available in the market. xx
xx
Note: ...................................

Source: Netscribes’ Research

Figure 3: Modem Market Share Distribution for Cellular-enabled PCs

5G-enabled Personal Computers 8


The PC makers have collaborated with ..........................................................................................................................................
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Figure 4 shows the distribution of processor providers for all the cellular-enabled PCs available in
the market.

Processor Providers
xx
xx

xx • Majority of PCs are still dependent


on XX processors.
• ...............................................................
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xx ..............................................................
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• Others include custom processor
developed by .........................................
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xx ................................................................
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Source: Netscribes’ Research


Figure 4: Application-based Distribution of Processor Providers
for the Cellular-enabled PCs

The adoption rate of AOAC PCs indicates a growth in the dormant PC market. However, the insights
from surveys on AOAC PCs by ...................................................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................., with cellular connectivity only as an optional feature in the AOAC PCs.

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5G to unlock the real potential of connected PCs
The advent of 5G is giving the “Always Connected” part of the AOAC
concept a transformational nudge to realize its full potential. The unique
features of 5G, such as near-fiber data transfer rates, low latency
operations, and the ability to connect a larger number of devices as
compared to older technologies are enabling it to achieve what 4G could
not deliver.

As in the case of 4G -enabled PCs, the enterprise segment is expected to


be the target market for 5G-based AOAC PCs as well. However, the sizeable
difference is the scope for use within enterprises. The 4G PCs were targeted
only for the remote workforces, as the enterprises are also exploring 5G as
a mainstream option for connectivity, it is opening up a new segment for
AOAC PC ecosystem to disrupt.

5G-enabled Personal Computers 10


FACTORS INFLUENCING
5G-ENABLED PC ADOPTION
The concept of 5G in PCs is engrossing and the PC makers have already started advancements in
this domain and are at the pinnacle of development and deployment. It is essential to understand
the market dynamics to evaluate the future scope of this domain. Figure 5 discloses the drivers and
barriers associated with the adoption of 5G-enabled PCs.

Cloud computing and automation


Barriers

xx Need for larger capital investments

xx
xx

xx xx

xx

Drivers

Figure 5: Factors Influencing 5G-enabled PCs Adoption

5G-enabled Personal Computers 12


KEY DRIVERS OF 5G-ENABLED PC
ADOPTION IN ENTERPRISES
Cloud computing and automation
Enterprises are migrating their data and applications to the cloud to streamline
workload management and mitigate hardware maintenance overheads. There
is a need for a fast, secure, and reliable connection to access the cloud data and
applications. 5G-enabled PCs with wireless connectivity operating in licensed frequency
spectrum, precisely offer a secure and reliable connection with fiber-like speeds.

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5G-enabled Personal Computers 13


ADOPTION BARRIERS FOR ENTERPRISE-
CENTRIC 5G-ENABLED PCs
Need for larger capital investments
5G operates in different frequency ranges and integrating 5G components within PCs is
not similar to the established 4G incorporation. This gives rise to various complexities in
PC operation. Although Lenovo, XX, and XX have announced their 5G-enabled PCs, the
technology is at a nascent stage. A significant amount of research will still be required to
mitigate the real-time emerging challenges in PCs enabled with 5G as well as for integrating
5G components within the PCs supporting xx.
AOAC PCs with stringent performance requirements have already stimulated the overall PC
bill of materials (BOM). Adding cellular capability to PCs further regulates the BOM to higher
levels. PC vendors will subsequently pass on the higher BOM costs to customers impacting
the adoption rate.

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USE CASES HIGHLIGHTING THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF 5G-ENABLED PCs

In March 2020, XX showcased a technology demonstration on performing a


high computation task of editing a RAW and uncompressed video file on a XX
model, which is usually carried out on high performance workstations. The PC
seamlessly adjusted the color, hue, and saturation, and altered the segments
Productivity
of the 90 second uncompressed, 6K, 24 FPS Red video content in the cloud. It
as a service
also enabled real-time preview of the changes, using XX on the XX leveraging
XX.(5) The demonstration showcased the capability of the PC for delivering
enterprise grade performance.

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The prominent drivers and use cases enlighten the plausible scope for 5G in PCs to prosper. At present,
there are multiple challenges in realizing ...........................................................................................................................
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5G-enabled Personal Computers 15


INTEGRATION CHALLENGES
FOR 5G-ENABLED PCs
Integrating cellular capability in the PCs is not new. Many PC makers have collaborated with ...............
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......................................... However, 5G operates over unique high frequency radio spectrums and gives rise
to various new challenges. There are numerous factors to consider for integrating 5G components
within PCs as well as operating those components efficiently for communication without affecting
the PC performance negatively. Mentioned below are the major challenges associated with
5G-enabled PCs:

One of the primary challenges in realizing 5G-enabled PCs is in the


placement of antennas. Most of the research initiatives cite line-of sight
(LOS) operation and shorter travel distance of high frequency signals
to be the primary issue in 5G. However, the ongoing infrastructural
developments, along with the maturing MIMO and beam-forming
technologies have given a plausible solution to the aforementioned
issues. Nonetheless, various companies are still researching on antenna
placements in the PCs.

Modern PC makers are also focused on developing .......................................................


Antenna .......................................................................................................................................................................................
placements .......................................................................................................................................................................................
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5G-enabled Personal Computers 18


COMPETITIVE
ANALYSIS
As the initial phase of 5G infrastructure deployments gains momentum, enterprises have started
exploring various use cases to leverage the emerging opportunities. PCs being one of the primary
devices used in ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................... Figure 6 illustrates the key companies active in 5G-enabled enterprise PC
ecosystem along with the tentative timelines for commercialization for their products.

ers Beyond 2024 5G


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ent set
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5G Modul
e Providers
Source: Netscribes’ Research

Figure 6: Key Participants of the 5G-enabled Enterprise PC Ecosystem

5G-enabled Personal Computers 20


FRONTRUNNERS: LEADING THE
5G-ENABLED PC MARKET

Lenovo was the first company to announce


a 5G-enabled PC, doing so at the Computex,
Taipei in May 2019.(10) The company showcased
its 5G-enabled PC prototype labeled “Project
Limitless”, developed in collaboration with
Qualcomm, and the completely developed
system was exhibited at the CES 2020.(11)

The company has positioned the 5G-enabled


PC within its consumer product line, Yoga, as
Yoga 5G, and stated that it will be marketed as
Flex 5G in North America. Yoga 5G is also the first
5G-enabled PC with Qualcomm’s Snapdragon
8cx compute platform based on the ARM
architecture. The PC will be available in portable
Image Source : www.lenovo.com
2-in-1 versions.

Yoga 5G key features

5G at the core of connectivity


1. Yoga 5G PCs are integrated with Qualcomm’s Snapdragon X55 modem and also have
an eSIM option. The PC is reportedly the first to support Sub-6 GHz as well as mmWave.
This model leverages a total of nine built-in antennas to enable wireless connectivity.(12)
According to Lenovo, the PC is based on a patented antenna system and may leverage the
technology disclosed in the following patent publications assigned to both Qualcomm and
Lenovo to enable mmWave support:

Integrated
antenna US9653818B2 (Qualcomm) discloses an antenna structure in
array
user equipment including PCs for utilizing mmWave spectrum.
This antenna structure design is based on array of antenna
elements for addressing the line of sight issues and the antenna
Narrow structure configured to produce narrow beams with high gain for
beams compensating communication losses.

5G-enabled Personal Computers 21


xx XX(Qualcomm) .............................................................................................................................
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Integrated 5G modem-to- .................................................................................................................
antenna solution

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ThinkPad X1 Fold: An addition to the


business PCs portfolio
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Image Source : news.lenovo.com

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Image Source : news.lenovo.com

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Comparison of all the 5G-enabled PCs announced (as of May 2020)
Table 1 discloses the technical benchmarking of the 5G-enabled PCs from the frontrunners.

Technical Specifications
Feature
Lenovo Yoga 5G(31) Lenovo Thinkpad X1 Fold(32) XX XX

Processor Qualcomm Snapdragon xx xx xx


8cx 5G

Operating Microsoft Windows 10 Pro xx xx xx


System

xx xx xx xx xx

xx xx xx xx xx

xx xx xx xx xx

5G Qualcomm Snapdragon xx xx xx
X55 (Sub-6 Ghz, mmWave
support)

xx xx xx xx xx

xx xx xx xx xx

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• ......................................
• ......................................
Dominant features

• ............................
• ......................................... ......................................
• Power consumption
• .......................................... ............. ............
• mmWave support ..........................................
• .............. • ..............
• Fanless design ............................

Lenovo Yoga 5G Lenovo Thinkpad xx xx


X1 Fold
Limitations

• Positioned for • ............................ • ...................................... • ........................................


consumer segment • ............................ .................... ................
• ............................
• Application
Compatibility
• Fanless design

Table 1: 5G-enabled PC Comparison

Lenovo’s Yoga 5G has gained dominance over the other 5G -enabled PCs in cellular connectivity
parameters with the only device capable of supporting mmWave frequencies. The other 5G-enabled
PCs manufacturers including ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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Apart from these three companies many other PC makers have commissioned research and
development activities inclined towards enabling 5G connectivity support in PCs.

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

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The 5G-enabled PCs are still at the development stage and could
Delay in deployment be facing performance or technological hurdles. Although three
companies have showcased their 5G-enabled PCs, they are not
commercially available in the market yet. While these companies
planned on extending the commercial availability of the 5G-enabled
PCs in mid-2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted
the proposed timelines.

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OPPORTUNITIES AND
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
KEY STAKEHOLDERS

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The next-generation cellular network is opening up various opportunities for PC makers, MNOs,
cloud providers, and enterprises to monetize from new 5G use cases. A collaborative PC ecosystem
is streamlining the 5G-enabled PC market. Figure 9 illustrates the interaction between the key
stakeholders in 5G-enabled PC ecosystem.

XX
l laboration Ecosystem
Co
xx

XX

xx xx
XX XX

xx
xx
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Figure 9: Key Stakeholders in 5G-enabled PC Ecosystem

MOBILE NETWORK OPERATORS

New revenue stream

The rise in the number of customers opting for 5G-enabled PCs is a great deal
for PC vendors, besides unlocking new opportunities for MNOs. The MNOs have
largely depended on smart phone segment for generating revenues. The inherent
characteristics of 5G have shown potential for utilization of high speed cellular
networks in various devices such as PCs, automotive, cameras, robots, drones, and
various IoT devices.

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5G MODEM MANUFACTURERS

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XX

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.......................................................................................................

CLOUD SERVICE PROVIDERS AND


CLOUD-BASED APPLICATIONS
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.......................................................................................................................................................

5G-enabled Personal Computers 32


CONCLUSION

5G-enabled Personal Computers 33


CONCLUDING REMARKS
Connectivity has emerged as one of the facilitators in modern enterprises. As enterprises enter the
era of digitalization, mobility, and automation, it is essential that all devices remain connected all the
time. The ability of the devices to ..........................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................. The 5G-enabled PC market is
expected to progress in three phases irrespective of the adoption rate:

PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3


(2020-22) (2023-24) (Beyond 2024)

• .................................................. • .......................................................... • ......................................................


.................................................. .......................................................... ......................................................
................................. ..........................................................
• ......................................................
.......................
• .................................................. ......................................................
.................................................. • .......................................................... ......................................................
............................... .......................................................... ......................................................
............................ ...................................

• ..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
........................

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.......................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

5G-enabled Personal Computers 34


Table 3: List of Acronyms

Abbreviation Explanation
2G/3G/4G/5G Generations of cellular technologies
AOAC Always-on always-connected
PCs Personal computers
AR Augmented reality
VR Virtual reality
IoT Internet of Things
SIM Subscriber identity module
eSIM Embedded subscriber identity module
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity - Local area wireless technology
Mi-Fi A brand name used to describe a wireless router that acts as mobile Wi-Fi hotspot
Wi-Fi6 802.11ax wireless standard
OFDMA Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
MU-MIMO Multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output
QAM Quadrature amplitude modulation
Sub-6 GHz Frequency spectrum under 6 GHz
mmWave Millimeter wave
LOS Line of sight
WWAN Wireless wide area network
LTE Long term evolution
WLAN Wireless local area network
VOIP Voice over internet protocol
NR New radio - access technology
LPDDR Low-power double data rate
SDRAM Synchronous dynamic random access memory
UFS Universal flash storage
SSD Solid-state drive
PCIe Peripheral component interconnect express
NVMe Non-volatile memory express
UHD Ultra-high-definition
FHD Full high definition
USB Universal serial bus
uSim Micro-subscriber identity module
x86 32-bit instruction set architecture
x64 64-bit instruction set architecture
MHz Megahertz
GHz Gigahertz
VDI Virtual desktop infrastructure
OEMs Original equipment manufacturer
MNOs Mobile network operators
AI Artificial intelligence
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease
NFC Near field communication

5G-enabled Personal Computers 35


REFERENCES
1. https://community.arm.com/developer/ip-products/processors/b/processors-ip-blog/posts/third-
generation-of-windows-on-arm

2. https://www.cnet.com/news/people-are-buying-4g-lte-laptops-and-then-not-activating-lte/

3. https://pages.arm.com/rs/312-SAX-488/images/Consumer-Demand-for-PC-Form-Factors-final.pdf?_
ga=2.259900554.1242624567.1590338098-231648695.1587362349

4. https://www.jrseco.com/wp-content/uploads/Hardell-Nyberg-Appeals-moratorium-5G-for-microwave-
radiation-mco.2020.1984_AOP_PDF.pdf

5. https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2020/03/18/snapdragon-8cx-5g-platform-enables-extreme-
productivity-while-working-remotely

6. Qualcomm presentation on 5G PCs

7. https://www.qualcomm.com/videos/qualcomm-southland-enterprise-collaboration-video

8. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140062812A1/en?oq=US20140062812A1

9. https://patents.google.com/patent/US8854266B2/en?oq=US8854266B2

10. https://news.lenovo.com/pressroom/press-releases/lenovo-qualcomm-unveil-worlds-first-5g-pc-project-
limitless/

11. https://www.lenovo.com/in/en/events/ces/

12. https://news.lenovo.com/pressroom/press-releases/lenovo-breaks-barriers-with-new-consumer-
technology-unveiled-at-ces-2020-2/

13. https://news.lenovo.com/pressroom/press-releases/lenovo-breaks-barriers-with-new-consumer-
technology-unveiled-at-ces-2020-2/

14. Qualcomm tech summit 2018

15. https://en.wikichip.org/w/images/7/75/snapdragon-8cx-compute-platform-product-brief.pdf

16. https://news.lenovo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Lenovo-Yoga-5G_14Inch_Qualcomm.pdf

17. https://en.wikichip.org/w/images/7/75/snapdragon-8cx-compute-platform-product-brief.pdf

18. https://news.lenovo.com/pressroom/press-releases/worlds-first-foldable-pc-thinkpad-x1-fold-ushers-in-
a-new-era-of-mobile-computing/omputing/2019/03/05/20-percent-cloud-transformation/

5G-enabled Personal Computers 36


APPENDIX

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5G-enabled Personal Computers 37


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