2. Name the categories of skills that should be considered in the selection of a project manager.

 Effective Communication: It is important for a project manager to communicate in a clear

and concise manner. 90 percent of the project manager's time is spent on communicating
information to others. You need to have sound communication and interpersonal skills to
articulate your thoughts and requirements to team members, vendors, and stakeholders.

 Critical Thinking and Problem Solving:

Every project comes with its own set of problems such as scope-creep, unforeseen risks and
uncontrollable problems. As an effective project manager, you must have a systematic
approach to solve these problems at the need of the hour. You can use the five problem-
solving steps that include defining the problem, determining the causes, generating ideas,
selecting the best alternative, and taking action in an effective way.
 Effective leadership skills: A project manager is expected to form a team of skilled
professionals and lead them in the best possible manner. To do so, you have to have
impeccable leadership qualities. If you have the knowledge of nitty-gritty of project
management, coupling it with leadership skills would strengthen your repertoire.
 Negotiation:
- Although negotiation is a part of the communication skills but it does need a special
mention as project managers have to negotiate at every step – from vendors to team
members.
- Oftentimes, project members don't get along or get into a nasty fight, this is where
you need to step in and use your people skills with strong negotiation to avoid letting it
come in the way of the overall progress of the work.
 Risk management: Risk management is one of the key knowledge areas in which a project
manager must be proficient in and competent at. Risk management is the process of
identifying, analyzing and responding to risk factors throughout the life of a project and in
the best interests of its objectives..
 Time and team management:
Time management and scheduling is the one thing that project managers are overly familiar
with. Effective project managers understand that you must be able to manage time well to
deliver projects on time. It is helpful in coordinating, delegating and administering a group of
team members in a way that promotes teamwork and resolving conflict.
 Personal organization:

Personal organization is one of the key skills to help you become an efficient project manager. It
helps you achieve a work-life balance that boosts overall productivity and efficiency. Personal
organization starts with little things such as decluttering your desk to using the right tools to manage
projects and time. Things like these would restrict you to get things done or organize your
professional life.

3. Discuss the PM’s responsibilities toward the project team members

The tasks that a project manager is responsible for typically include:

Planning: A project manager is responsible for formulating a plan to guide the project from ideation
to fruition. This plan will include the scope, the resources necessary, the anticipated time and
financial requirements and the communication strategy. If the project has not yet gained approval,
this plan will serve as a critical part of the pitch to key decision-makers.
Leading: An essential part of any project manager's role is to assemble and lead the project team.
Leadership skills are essential, as is a keen eye for others' strengths and weaknesses.

Execution: The project manager participates in and supervises the successful execution of each stage
of the project. Again, this requires frequent, open communication with the project team members
and stakeholders.

Time management: Project managers should be experts at risk management and contingency
planning. Time management is one of the key responsibilities of a project manager. Project
managers are responsible for resolving derailments and communicating effectively with team
members and other stakeholders to ensure the project gets back on track.

Budget: Project managers devise a budget for a project and stick to it as closely as possible. If certain
parts of the project end up costing more (or, in a perfect world, less) than anticipated, project
managers moderate the spend and re-allocate funds when necessary.

Documentation: A project manager must develop effective ways to measure and analyze the
project’s progress. Common strategies for documenting a project include data collection and verbal
and written status reports. It’s also a project manager’s job to ensure that all relevant actions are
approved and that these documents are archived for future reference.

Maintenance: The work doesn’t end once a project has been completed. There needs to be a plan
for ongoing maintenance and troubleshooting. The project manager devises methods for properly
supporting the final deliverable going forward, even if they are not directly overseeing its day-to-day
operations.

12. In what ways is language crucial in project management?

Communication is the biggest risk in projects and this simple story is a reminder to check that other
people in your project understand what you have said in the way you meant it. Agreeing common
terminology within the project or organisation is a good first step to this

Business in another country means that you have to learn the language of the host nation. It is
helpful to be fluent in the language of the host nation (precise communication equal to a skilled
translator can be used) it pleases the citizens of the host nation when PMs speak their language The
ways in which we send and receive messages, are integral parts of the communication. Even the
source and destination of the message may alter its meaning Identical words may carry quite
different meanings depending on the context

13. Identify the five multicultural factors requiring special consideration

The five multicultural factors requiring special consideration are: 1. Importance of language and
culture 2. The need to deal with the politics and politicians in the host nation 3. Local content
requirements such as the use of indigenous staff members 4. The possibility of input supply and
technology problems 5. The need to obey local laws and customs

There are additional risk factors such as kidnapping, disease, and faulty medical care. In many
countries, project workers will face less risk from crime than in the United States as well as easier
access to medical care.

18. Project managers must be generalists rather than specialists. Yet, team members need to have
more specialized, technical skills. Can a generalist manage a team of specialists effectively?
Yes, they can.According to philosophy ,you don’t need to be an expert in a particular area to manage
an organisation, because generalists will use their skill torun specialist agencies. Although specialists
do not have deep knowledge as muchas specialists, they still have somesoft skills, technical skills and
skills associatedwith subject matter expertise. Moreover, they have a more complete
understandingof the impact of the project on other services or organizational processes whichwill be
ignored when being a specialist. Generalist managers alsocan see the big picture and think out-of-
the-box that lead the team to bigger and better project in thefuture. Additionally, in specialist team ,
each member will expertise in different taskrequiring the leader to have variety of knowledge to
control overall the work.