Corruption at workplace

Submitted by
Sanyal Kashyap 1976077
Supratik Panigrahi 1976100
Vedant Kedia 1976108

As a component of internal evaluation of

C&S Course (BM-3706)
BBA-VI Semester
Course Instructor: Dr. Sasmita Mishra
Associate Professor, KSOM

School of Management
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

March 2022
 CONTENTS

SL NO CONTENTS PAGE
NO
1 INTRODUCTION 6
2 REVIEW OF LITRETURE 8
3 OBJECTIVE 10
4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 11
5 HYPOTHESIS 12
6 METHOD OF STUDY 13
7 RESULT 14
8 SUGGESTIONS 15
9 CONCLUSION 16
10 REFERENCE 17

LIST TABLES

SL NO TABLE NAME AND CAPTION PAGE

NO
1 Gender profile 13
2 Acts considered as corruption. 14
3 Rate of corruption in India 14
4 Is corruption money related. 15
5 Level of corruption now a days 15
6 Is our gov doing right job to make corruption free 15
7 Chance of repeating it again after doing it once 16
8 Factors that facilitate or inhibit corrupt behaviour 16
9 Does corruption adversely affect growth 16
10 Do higher wages for bureaucrats would reduce corruption 17
11 Factors that may reduce corruption 17
 LIST OF FIGURES

SL NO FIGURE NAME AND CAPTION PAGE

NO
1 Gender of the respondents 13
2 Figure of the respondents 14
3 Figure of the respondents 14
4 Figure of the respondents 15
5 Figure of the respondents 15
6 Figure of the respondents 15
7 Figure of the respondents 16
8 Figure of the respondents 16
9 Figure of the respondents 16
10 Figure of the respondents 17
11 Figure of the respondents 17
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are really grateful because we managed to complete our Culture & Sociology
assignment within the time given by our lecturer Prof. Sasmita Mishra. This
assignment cannot be completed without the effort and co-operation from our group
members Sanyal kashyap 1976077, Supratik Panigrahi 1976100, Vedant Kedia
1976108. We sincerely thank our lecturer for guidance and encouragement in
finishing this assignment and also for teaching us this course. Last but not the least,
we would like to express our gratitude to our friends and respondents for the support
and willingness to spend their precious times with us to fill in the questionnaires.

Sanyal Kashyap,
Supratik Panigrahi,
Vedant Kedia.
 INTRODUCTION

The term “corruption” refers to the misuse of resources or power for private gain.
Transparency International defines corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for
private gain”
1 The UN Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) does not prescribe a single
definition.

Corruption takes various forms. Table 2 outlines the most common categories.

The commonly used distinction between political corruption and bureaucratic

corruption is also helpful. Political corruption takes place at the highest levels of
political authority It involves politicians, government ministers, senior civil servants
and other elected, nominated or appointed senior public office holders. Political
corruption is the abuse of office by those who decide on laws and regulations and
the basic allocation of resources in a society (i.e. those who make the “rules of the
game”). Political corruption may include tailoring laws and regulations to the
advantage of private sector agents in exchange for bribes, granting large public
contracts to specific firms or embezzling funds from the treasury. The term “grand
corruption” is often used to describe such acts, reflecting the scale of corruption and
the considerable sums of money involved.

Bureaucratic corruption occurs during the implementation of public policies. It

involves appointed bureaucrats and public administration staff at the central or local
level.
 It entails corrupt acts among those who implement the rules designed or
introduced by top officials. Corruption may include transactions between
bureaucrats and with private agents (e.g. contracted service providers). Such agents
may demand extra payment for the provision of government services; make speed
money payments to expedite bureaucratic procedures; or pay bribes to allow actions
that violate rules and regulations. Corruption also includes interactions within the
public bureaucracy, such as the payment or taking of bribes or kickbacks to obtain
posts or secure promotion, or the mutual exchange of favours. This type of
corruption is often referred to as “petty corruption”, reflecting the small payments
often involved – although in aggregate the sums may be large.

Political corruption and bureaucratic corruption are related. There is evidence that
corruption at the top of a bureaucracy increases corruption at lower levels
Corruption is closely linked to the generation of economic rents and rent-seeking.
This refers to actors securing above-normal returns from an asset – not by adding
value to it through investment but rather through manipulating the social and
political environment. The establishment of a monopoly is a classic example of this.
The asset then becomes inherently more valuable. Rent-seeking involves corruption
whereby the payment of bribes is necessary to manipulate the environment so as to
benefit a particular actor.
2 There are particular challenges related to the measurement of corruption. This
owes to the clandestine nature of corruption and the reliance of corruption
measures on perception-based data, which themselves are determined by
understandings of corruption that vary across countries and societies.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The International Communications Research, together with the American

Society of Chartered Life Underwriters & Chartered Financial
Consultants, conducted a survey entitled 'Sources and Consequences of
Workplace Pressure.' The survey revealed that extreme work force
pressure force more than half of company workers to commit corrupt
practices, not to mention the occurrence of physical and mental stresses
of different forms. Stress relieving programs should therefore be
incorporated to be able to ensure productivity and efficiency of labor.

The pressure is on, and, for many employees, that means performing
illegal or unethical activities as a way to succeed in the workplace.

According to a recent survey, "Sources and Consequences of Workplace

Pressure," conducted by International Communications Research (ICR),
in conjunction with the American Society of Chartered Life Underwriters
& Chartered Financial Consultants (CLU & ChFC), and the Ethics
Officer Association, more than half (56 percent) of the workers surveyed
are under immense pressure, and just under half (48 percent) have
decided to act upon this stress. More than half (60 percent) of those
surveyed believe that they are under more workplace pressure now than
they were five years ago.

"Many companies are going through mergers or acquisitions. This puts

stress on the employees. Even when there is talk of a merger, people still
worry about what will happen next," says John Driskill, executive vice
president of the CLU & ChFC.

Driskill the adds that in the past five years, reengineering and downsizing
have really peaked, contributing to the high levels of stress.

Overstressed workers had many varied reactions to this intense pressure:

a little over a tenth (16 percent) cut corners on quality control, covered up
incidents at work (14 percent), abused/lied about sick days (11 percent),
and just under a tenth (9 percent) lied to and deceived customers.
Driskill speculates that these problems arise because of the rapid pace of
working environments. "There are tight time lines, and some people have
so many things going on in their lives, they feel it's necessary to take
shortcuts to meet deadlines," he says.

Many factors have contributed to the increased corruption in the

workplace. Fifty-two percent of those surveyed cited work-family
imbalance as a source of workplace pressure, also pinpointing poor
leadership (51 percent), poor internal communications (51 percent) and
the work load (51 percent) within the company. One of the more
surprising results of the survey was the discovery that men and women
are equally identically affected by work-family imbalance: half of the
men surveyed and 55 percent of the women respondents.
Some of the stress manifested itself in ways other than crime. More than
three-quarters of those surveyed (88 percent) reported physical and/or
psychological reactions to their pressure. More than half (57 percent)
have experienced lost sleep/insomnia, just under half (48 percent)
suffered from headaches, almost two-fifths currently feel the
repercussions of depression (37 percent) and lost/gained weight (35
percent), and one-tenth have had panic attacks (10 percent).
 OBSEJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVES

 Propose an encompassing yet precise definition of corruption that clearly

differentiates corrupt actions from other types of criminal or ethically problematic

actions.

 Create a panel data-set of indicators allowing the tracing of corruption levels over

time by country and region through identifying new indicators documented in the

project with established, perception-based ones.

 Engage in historical and contemporary case study research and qualitative

comparisons across cases to explain why countries reach different equilibria with

regard to government accountability and the control of corruption.

 Explain governance regime change as documented by our time series through

global models developed through quantitative comparative analysis.

 Conduct an extensive survey on monitoring corruption and quality of governance

that documents the diversity of contemporary governance landscapes, regulatory

frames and anti-corruption strategies in the EU and in countries neighbouring the

EU.

 Document the impact and cost of corruption through a variety of case studies

across the globe.

 Provide the first systematic study of the impact of EU funds on the governance of

recipient countries.

 Investigate the success or failure of a significant number of anti-

corruption ‘leaders’ in relation to their empowering contexts.

 Investigate the success or failure of a significant number of anti-

corruption projects and analyse what explains the variation in outcomes.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

 Which acts you would consider as corruption? If any other please specify.

 What do you think is the rate of corruption in India?

  What is corruption in the workplace? 

 Is Corruption only money related?  If not, then what else is considered as

corruption? Please specify

 At what level is corruption happening now a days across the world?

 Do you feel our govt. is doing their best in making India corruption free?

 Will you promote corruption if you get hidden benefits?

 If someone does corruption once, what is the chance that the person would

repeat it?

  What factors do you think would facilitate or inhibit corrupt behaviour?

 Do you think giving bribe is as serious an offence as receiving it?

 Does corruption adversely affect growth?

 Do higher wages for bureaucrats would reduce corruption?

  What factors do you think would help in reducing corruption?

HYPOTHESES

 Corruption need not have deleterious effects on growth, with

countries that vary considerably in terms of their governance
environments equally able to achieve high levels of sustained growth
over time.
 As governance quality increases, corruption becomes more
damaging to economic growth.
 Improved governance quality may be able to mitigate the effects of
corruption.
 METHOD OF THE STUDY
Research design: A survey was conducted on corruption at workplace.

Sample: our targeted audience varied from students to working adults.

We got around 66 responses and the response rate was pretty low.

Survey instrument: We took different research paper and article to create our

questionaries and our question varied from both open ended to rating scale.

Data collection method: we used an online survey for this and we approached them

through whatsapp and email and we did follow up each day for 15 days.

Data Analysis method: we used google forms to analysis the response and the google

form being a precoded software it analysed the data.

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION

Table 1. Gender profile

Variable name Frequency Percentage

Age

18-25 52 78.78%

26-35 15 25%
 Fig.1 Gender of the respondents

Table 2: Acts considered as corruption.

Fig2 : figure of the respondents

Table 3: Rate of corruption in India

 Fig 3: Figure of the respondents

Table 4: Is corruption money related.

Fig 4: Figure of respondents

Table 5: Level of corruption now a days

Fig 5: Figure of Respondents

Table 6: Is our gov doing right job to make corruption free

Fig 6: Figure of Respondents

Table 7: Chance of repeating it again after doing it once

Fig 7: Figure of Respondents

Table 8: Factors that facilitate or inhibit corrupt behaviour

Fig 8: Figure of respondents

Table 9: Does corruption adversely affect growth

Fig 9: Figure of respondents

Table 10: Do higher wages for bureaucrats would reduce corruption

Fig 10: Figure of respondents

Table 11: Factors that may reduce corruption

Fig 11: Figure of respondents

 SUGGESTIONS

1. Corruption is not only about bribes: People especially the poor get hurt when
resources are wasted. That’s why it is so important to understand the different kinds
of corruption to develop smart responses. 
 
2. Power of the people: Create pathways that give citizens relevant tools to engage
and participate in their governments – identify priorities,  problems and find
solutions.
 
3. Cut the red tape: Bring together formal and informal processes (this means
working with the government as well as  non-governmental groups) to change
behavior and monitor progress.

4. It’s not 1999: Use the power of technology to build dynamic and continuous
exchanges between key stakeholders: government, citizens, business, civil society
groups, media, academia etc.
 
5. Deliver the goods: Invest in institutions and policy – sustainable improvement in
how a government delivers services is only possible if the people in these institutions
endorse sensible rules and practices that allow for change while making the best use
of tested traditions and legacies – imported models often do not work.
6. Get incentives right: Align anti-corruption measures with market, behavioral, and
social forces. Adopting integrity standards is a smart business decision, especially for
companies interested in doing business with the World Bank Group and other
development partners.
 
7. Sanctions matter: Punishing corruption is a vital component of any effective anti-
corruption effort.
 
8. Act globally and locally: Keep citizens engaged on corruption at local, national,
international and global levels – in line with the scale and scope of corruption. Make
use of the architecture that has been developed and the platforms that exist for
engagement.
 
9. Build capacity for those who need it most: Countries that  suffer from chronic
fragility, conflict and violence– are often the ones that have the fewest internal
resources to combat corruption. Identify ways to leverage international resources to
support and sustain good governance.
 
10. Learn by doing: Any good  strategy must be continually monitored  and
evaluated to make sure it can be easily adapted as  situations on the ground
change.
 CONCUSION

Corruption is an intractable problem. It is like diabetes, can only be controlled, but not
totally eliminated. It may not be possible to root out corruption completely at all
levels but it is possible to contain it within tolerable limits. Honest and dedicated
persons in public life, control over electoral expenses could be the most important
prescriptions to combat corruption. Corruption has a corrosive impact on our
economy. It worsens our image in international market and leads to loss of overseas
opportunities. Corruption is a global problem that all countries of the world have to
confront, solutions, however, can only be home grown. We used the sentence "we
the common man are the solution" because we are the only reason why
corruption is so popular.
 REFERENCES

In case of book

Castle, E. B. (1970). The teacher. London: Oxford University Press.

In case of book chapter

Medley, D. M. (1983). Teacher effectiveness. In H. E. Mitzel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of

educational research (Vol. 4, pp. 1894-1903). New York: The Free Press.

In case of journal articles

Horowitz, L. M., & Post, D. L. (1981). The prototype as a construct in abnormal

psychology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90(6), 575-585

Website

Raymon H. Mulford Library, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus.

(2008). Instructions to authors in the health sciences. Retrieved June 17, 2008,

from http://mulford.mco.edu/instr/

Annual report

Pearson PLC. (2005). Reading allowed: Annual review and summary financial

statements 2004. Retrieved from

http://www.pearson.com/investor/ar2004/pdfs/summary_report_2004.pdf