31 Myself, yourself etc; each other 4 Lookat this table: ‘We use myself, yourself, herself etc. to refer SUBJECT OBJECT REFLEXIVE Honthe wubjecs . Pronouns | PRoNouNS | PRONOUNS suByECT I me myself 5 . Be careful. | You| might hi f . you (singulan)| you yourself i | rgb eur ore he him himself £ aa she her herself Thought myself a new shirt. it it itself He taught himself to swim, 5 ca parece They enjoyed themselves at the concert. you (plural) | you yourselves they then irentsehes We also use myself, yourself etc. to emphasize that the subject did the action, not another person: 2 Cor He built the whole house himself. | Jenny made Jo a cup of coffe. (= Jenny made the coffee for Jo.) te) Tey Jenny made herself a cup of coffee. (= Jenny made the coffee for herself.) “sgh Aa : (= He built it alone; nobody helped him.) ‘We use each other like this: ‘Tom and Sue were talking to each other. (= Tom was talking to Sue, and Sue was talking to Tom.) We like each other very much. (= Tlike her and she likes me.) Compare themselves and each other: ‘Alan and Ruth took these photographs themselves, (= They took them, not another person.) Alan and Ruth took photographs of each other. (= Alan took a photograph of Ruth, and Ruth took a photograph of Alan.) Practice A Fill the gaps with myself, yourself etc. 0 Tcooked _myself a meal and then I watched television. 1 Pmsure he'll enjoy on his trip. 2 Icut______ while I was preparing the vegetables. 3. Weamnsed by playing cards while we were waiting for the plane. 4. She put the plates on the table and told them to help to the food. 5 Tomhurt___ when he was playing football. } 6 Alan cooked ‘a snack when he got home. B_ Complete the sentences with the correct verb tenses and myself, yourself tc, in the correct place. © (Be careful with that knife or you / cut /.) Be careful with that knife or _you'l cut yourself __ 1 (Itwas.a very nice trip and we/ enjoy / very much.) twas a very nice trip and we PAGE 662. (L/burn / while I was taking the dish out of the oven.) I___ while I was taking the dish out of the oven, 3. (He didn’t have lessons. He / teach /.) He didn’t have lessons. 4. ([thinkI/ buy /a new coat tomorrow.) 5 (She / make / a sandwich and ate it in the kitchen.) and ate it in the kitchen. Fill the gaps with myself, yourselfetc. Did you paint the room _yourself_ If you wor’t help me, I'll have to do it all She makes all her clothes The students organized the concert We painted the whole house : He typed the letter _____and then he posted it. ~ Yes, it took me three days to do it. wnunnoe Complete the sentences with the correct verb tenses and myself, yourself etc. Put myself; yourself etc. at the end of the sentence. 0 (Sheis a very successful singer. She / write / all her songs /.) She isa very successful singer. She writes all her songshereeli 1 Could you post this letter for me? ~ (No, I'm sorry, I won't have time. You / have / to post it /.) ‘No, 'm sorry, I won't have time, 2. (Nobody helped us, so we / carry / all our luggage /.) ‘Nobody helped us, so 3. (This isan excellent photograph. / you / take it 2) This is an excellent photograph. 4 (She was wearing a dress that she / make /.) She was wearing a dress that 5 (Lhope you like the present. I / choose /it/.) Thope you like the present. 6 (Do you like this meal? I / invent / the recipe /.) Do youlike this meal? Fill the gaps with each other, ourselves, yourselves or themselves. ‘They spent the whole evening arguing with each other _, Their house is very beautiful; they designed it themselwes __. ‘Mary met John in April, but they didn't see ____ again until july. ‘They‘re not friends; in fact, they don't like ______ at all. Don't ask me to help you. You must do it ___. We didn't buy it ________. A friend bought it for us. Tcould hear two people shouting at —___. ‘We're working in the same office now, so Ron and I see ____ every day. Ausuneec PAGE 6732 Direct and indirect objects (She gave him a book) 1 Look at this example: 3 Here are some other sentences like (ii) She 5 gave the newspaper to her brother: + THING + PERSON (direct object) (to + object) She gave ashirt to her brother| é Tsent postcards tomy friends. (i) She gave her brother the newspaper. Tshewed ‘my card to the clerk. (ii)_ She gave the newspaper to her brother. Shelent — some money to her friend. In both sentences a newspaper is the thing He offered the chocolates _to the others. which is given, and her brother is the person who receives it. Note that we use to + object afier these verbs which express the idea of giving or showing 2 Here are other sentences like (i) She gave her something to somebody: brother the newspaper: give, send, show, lend, offer + PERSON +THne | But we use for + object after verbs which (indirect object) (direct object) express the idea of doing something for ‘She gave her brother a shirt another Desai eee Be ae cook, fetch, buy, get (= fetch’ or buy’) Ishowed him my passport +THING + PERSON Jane lent Frank some money. (Girect object) (for + object) Eafe Mes aie Wecooked ameal for’ 2 Tilcook them meal, Hefetched the n . wewspaper for his father. > Se Pa pn Tilget your book for you. Tilley Jou mops She bought ‘some toys for them. Practice A. Put these words into the right order to make sentences. Do not add any words. 0 (He—lent— his car Mark) He lent Mark his car. 1 (a cigarette — Jim - She offered) 2. (Mary — his holiday photographs ~ He showed) 3. (them ~ an invitation — Have you sent - ?) 4 (a birthday present - Did you buy — her—2) 5. (some of my tapes ~a friend - gave) 6 (When you go to the post office, - some stamps — me — could you get ~?) PAGE 68B_ Nowwrite the sentences from Exercise A again, but using to or for. 0 Helent _his car to Mark. She offered Heras ea oe See ee Efsrerygva ben ees ese ae Did you buy Igave ‘When you go to the post office, could you get aurene C Change these sentences. In each case use the other possible structure. 0 He offered his seat to an old lady. He offered an old lady his seat. 1 Thave sent Jane a birthday card. 2 I don't want to lend my bike to Bruce. 3 I gave your message to Joan. 4 Could you fetch me a knife and fork? D_ Timand Lucy went to a restaurant last night for a meal. Make sentences about what happened while they were there. Write two sentences. Use the words in brackets (). 0 (The waiter / give / the menu.) (her) The waiter gave her the menu. (to Lucy) The waiter gave the menu to Lucy. 1. (The waiter / fetch / some wine.) (them) (ranean P eee al tnd 2. (The waiter / show / the bottle.) (him) (to Tim) 3. (The chef / cook / a special meal.) (them) (for them) 4. (The waiter / give / the bill.) (Tim) (to Tim) 5. (Lucy /lend / some money, because he didn’t have enough to pay the bill.) (Tim) (to Tim) PAGE 69