!, <, :)A$?-0-2o.-*R2?-3-=-K$-:5=-=R,,2N->A?-.

0=-:2<-3-=-K$-:5=-=R,,
%/-?R%-|R-:$J$?-3-=-K$-:5=-=R,,3,R-<A?-=3-:SJ/-3-=-K$-:5=-=R,,
g$-.-HJ.-GA?-!R%?-0<-36.,,.-.%-,$?-eJ?-2*2-+-$?R=,,
◈Ə⅒䔶㔸　㮴∴ㇸ柩䦕Ə⏰䥌ℰ俧㮴∴ㇸ柩䦕Ə
晋ト怺敧㮴∴ㇸ柩䦕Ə⯵╫嶊怺㮴∴ㇸ柩䦕Ə
〭⸟㛰わὃ⊐ἛƏⰁ䤯゙⾪❩㔸　˛

ҩ࡙ҔЖ‫ڱ‬
AT-+-<J-+X-<J-+-<J-3-3-A-;h-/-03J-0ID-!-<-J-@,
༦!ႁ࿆!࡚ႁ࿆!࡚࿆!༿༿!ߢᓻ‫!ڌ‬ђા!ҁ੢!ҁ઎!‫ڭ‬Ԯ!థࠥġ

Ж‫֤ڱ‬ཎ
༦炻၍಴ҕ"!!၍಴शᜳҕ"!!੾ഁఀ࡚ҕ"!!!
ц‫ש‬ჱ‫ڽ‬ȃහኌȃᆌ኉౿໡ቩߞȂథࠥ"ġ
 ⴞ 䤴
!, ,}$?-S$-K$-S$ ,
ϳ‫ڲ‬ϳӠP 1 - 4
!, ,2?%?-3(R.-2.J-=J$?-!/-:L%-8J?-L-2-28$?-?R, ,
໲࿆ྮ‫ٽ‬቉क़ P 5 - 28
!, ,2!:-2o.-|<-2?%-(J/-3R-=?-E-.3<-.!W$-;/-=$-$A?-36.-0:A-2?%-3(R., ,
Ꮹᖟτྮ‫ٽ‬ᕋϜĩಒϥзĪৈᅵġ৿ऎᚠ᛹‫ܛ‬຀ϟྮ‫ٽ‬ġ P 29 -32
*; $;%-:$$?-:.A-v<-<R;
Ҫଓઢ‫ܤ‬ᆌ቉क़ P 33 - 52
!, ,:)3-\A%-8A-2.J:A-(R/-=3, ,
зࣩ‫ڸ‬҂᜺Н P 53 - 56
!, ,,/-<?-$9A$?-$?R=-:.J2?, ,
ᢏॲ๵ᙢई፝Н P 57- 58

ߤНȈ‫ݳ‬еߞჱई፝Н P 59- 60
 !, ,}$?-S$-K$-S$ ,
‫ޝૂޝ‬ঠ㘵

>G-,2-0:A-}$?, ġ <-J-S7->:-?j-Kk-J-S->:R@@),
ញोԫѭՕ‫ڣ‬Ǻ ఑၁ᤄ⬖㫴䚄㯙 ‫⬖ ނ‬䚄 ‫⪚ ނ‬၁ᤄ⬖㫴ཊᶝ DŽ
m?-i3?-<%-28A/-IA-!R%-0-*A.-.-I<,
䋺ই༔㹼ਹᶡᐤቬ 䆰ትˤ 
1
ፏ‫ނ‬ϐᡏ‫܄‬ᙯᡂԋ‫܄ޜ‬Ƕ
i3-0<-$%-36.-GA-}$?, ġ /-3:?j-+-,-$-+J-UR-2A-I-3-FJ-U: ?j-,-#)-A2-+J-c-<-E-AA-3)-$-$-/-#)-J-@, =/-$?3,
ᱻᐽ ፿ٗՕ‫ ڣ‬Ǻ ই❑㯙 ‫⬖ ނ‬བྷԆದᗇᐤᛐㅶՁᵘ┨䋍
㯙 ‫⬖ ނ‬Ԇᓧ⛿ದᗇ㯙ᑅᜩ䛓Ժ㣂ದದ䛓ᓧ၁૸Ȅ ₘ㶰 
:.R.-0:A-;R/-+/-s-9.-3A->J?-0-/3-3#:-36S.-.-I<,
䆰䋍䚐⓷ᰲ㢢㊣䅍 ᐤই૆ཿ䆰ት ˤ
ϯ౜ԋϖ֮టคጁคᅰၹᅈ຀‫ޜ‬Ƕ!
 2..-lA-:HA=-2:A-}$?, ġ <-2#-A-WA-+-!n-=A-@-/-@-/->-1B, =/-$?3,!
Ғ៛ ᅁܴЦ‫ ڣ‬Ǻ ఑ ⨝ᵝ䱯ᇶབྷ┮ᵝ䟼૸䛓૸䛓੭નDŽ ₘ㶰

;R-L.-,3?-&.-2..-lA:A-o-35S-(J/-0R<-I<,
≨䅍⒟⭼䆰䁈⭢⑺ ॳ᫝ትˤ 
΋Ϫၗ‫ڀ‬ӄᡂԋεҒ៛ੇǶ!

<A/-(J/-:L%-w/-IA-}$?, ġ /-3:?j-+-,-$-+-A-7-=R-!A-+J, <-?)-S-<-?)-S-<->, =/-$?3, 2

ᝊғ Օ‫ڣ‬Ǻ ই❑㯙 ‫⬖ ނ‬བྷԆದབྷ䱯⬖⁃Ṭᗇ

఑ẁᐤᜩẁᐤᜩ੭DŽ ₘ㶰
ġ ;R-L.-,3?-&.-3PR/-i3?-GA-2?3-0-.%-3,/-0<-I<,
≨䅍⒟⭼Ⓠই䁈ẁ ᐤ᫻੎ᐤትDŽ !
΋Ϫၗ‫ڀ‬ᡂԋ಄ӝᇯ౲ϐ‫܌‬టǶ!
 ġ .R/-;R.-P2-0:A-}$?, ġ <-x-/-A-7-=R-!A-+J, /-3:?-3_-c-<-E-<(A-?d-7-?-3-;,
3-@-3-EA-.-<-.-<-ZA-.-;-~-=-/A->, =/-$?3,
ό‫ ޜ‬ԋ൩Օ‫ ڣ‬Ǻ ఑ ֣᤯䱯⬖⁃Ṭᗇই❑ẁ䮰བྷ㯙ᑅᜩ䛓ᰕᇶẁᐤ⬖
㯙⪚䳵⪚૸⪚ቬ䆰ྲ䆰ྲᦘབྷ䳵䎠᣹ቬ੭DŽ ₘ㶰
;R-L.-,3?-&.-3PR/-i3?-GA?-13-o=-2lR.-0-3J.-0<-,R2-0<-I<,
≨䅍⒟⭼Ⓠই䁈㜆 ֣ཿᐤ࿩ᐤ䘿 ᐤትDŽ
΋Ϫ‫ނ‬ၗзፏᇯ౲ࣣค‫ݾ‬യॄӦᕇளǶ! 3

=$-/-hR-eJ:A-}$?, <-/-3:?-3_-2:-/)-P-@J-I-<A-T-SQ-+A-3-@-?-3-;-J-@, =/-$?3,

ߎখ Ћ‫ڣ‬Ǻ ఑ই❑㯙䮰བྷᐳ䚄ইᵝ౯Ձᰕᵝ䚺्ൠ⪚૸㯙⪚䳵၁૸DŽ ₘ㶰
3PR/-i3?-,3?-&.-2.$-$A-.2%-.-:.?-0<-I<,
Ⓠই⒟⭼䚄Ṭᵋ䆰 䆰ᐤትDŽ 
΋Ϫᇯ౲ӄ೽೏‫࠶܌ך‬ឩǶ
 /-3R, 2.$-$A-2?3-0:A-!R2?-.$-.%-, .J-28A/-$>J$?-0:A-.A/-!R2?-.%-,
ই❑བྷ਴ẁᶟ䉶བྷ᫻ˈ ᗇᯠ䅍ᶟӺ 䉶᫻ˈ
!! ࠄค!٩‫ࡘ܌ך‬మృΚǴ΋Ϫ๓ೳѲࡼΚǴ!
(R?-GA-.LA%?-GA-!R2?-i3?-GA?, :1$?-0-i3?-=-3(R.-0-.%-,
৫ᇴ䗾ᇴ䉶䛓ᇴˈ ᑅᐤ䛓᣹ফᐤ ᫻DŽ
аϷ‫ࣚݤ‬Κፏ฻Ǵ‫ٮ‬Ꭶ΋Ϫፏဃ౲Ƕ!
?J3?-&/-i3?-=-1/-0:A-KA<, .R/-i3?-$%-.$-2?3-0-!/, 4

἞䯃䛓᣹㘙ᶟԱˈ ᮖই⑟བྷẁᐤ ᛳˈ
ࣁճ΋Ϫ౲ғࡺǴፏճᒿ‫ࡘ܌‬΋ϪǴ!
.J-.$-,3?-&.-&A-<A$?-0, :)A$-gJ/-#3?-/A-3-=?-0<, ,R$-0-3J.-0<-:L%-I<-&A$,
ᗇབྷ⒟⭼䀸ᰕᐤˈ ਹ⓷ᓧቬ⪚ੲ ᐤˈ䘿 ᐤ࿩ᐤචት䀸DŽ
۶฻ӄ೽ᒿ‫ە܌‬ǴШ໔ΟࣚᅰคᎩǴோᜫᕇளคߔᅉǶ !

̚Ҽ 0а 0ᒤ᱕ ˈ㹼㘵Პ 㡏䳘 㹼ㅜ‫ޛ‬ц ದॳӱ⌒࠷ᯬ㖾 ഻⍋ᵹ⼟ ᱲᡰ᚝䆟 DŽ䌒ழਹ ⾕DŽ̚

 !, ,2?%?-3(R.-2.J-=J$?-!/-:L%-8J?-L-2-28$?-?R, ,
䳶 ⪎ ➉ ‫ ܰ ׋‬䓼



8J?-<R=-3R:C-1-.%-2&?-0:A-.L%?-~/-0R?-3PA/-$&A$-+-:.A-{.-.R,
ӵࢂሸӕऍ֮ϐ኷ॣբӵࢂ‫ۺ‬ᇝΨǶ!
5
AJ-3-@R-.$R%?-?-$?R=; \A%-28A:A-3(R$-I<-zR-o=-:63-2:A-\A%-;
ಟ⪚⚛ʽ஻‫ޜ‬㍐ਏʽ᷇᚟⿻ት┿⭢ 㯿䜘᷇ˈ 
ᏗᅦОǼ!ࣹᏫ‫)ۺ‬۶*ǼѤࢪϐ‫ذ‬ឦ‫ࠄܭ‬ᘳࢪǴ!
:63-\A%-L%-><-<A-o=-g-i-:6B/; .J-=-:(A-3J.-2..-lA:A->A%-$?3-*J?;
㯿᷇ሷ༿ᰕ⭢བྷ䛓 Ӻˈᗇ᣹Ա࿩ 䆰䀸䗋 ᆻ⭼ˈ
ᘳࢪܿчξЦ୺ଭԸǴғߏΟᅿคԝҒ៛ЕǴ
 l-2<-3#/-0-$?J<-IA-3J-+R$-&/; {J.-0<->A%-*J?-$;->$-<=-0-:6B/;
᡾૷๚ᐤ㢢ᇴ㖾䉶 ቆˈ㎖ᐤ䗋⭼ ␔⿰ᜩ ᐤӺˈ 
ξဌഁᆻ໒๱ߎՅ޸Ǵξဈ⪱ᆘ࢙ᐋ݄ጭ‫ۯ‬Ǵ!
lJ-3R<-2=-2-.%-$A-3J-+R$-&/; ;R/-+/-w/-0:A->A%-3(R$-.J-$?3-/A;
⭼᪨ᤄнᶡ਴㖾䉶 ቆˈ䚐⓷⓷ᶟ 䗋⿻ᗇ ᆻቬˈ 
ξഗ‫׹‬ᚧ໒‫ܫ‬қᖥ޸Ǵ۶Ο‫ىڀ‬фቺਸയЕǴ!
:(A-2-3J.-0:A-.%R?-P2-2..-lA:A-$/?; /3-^-.?-28A-}RR-8A%-SA-%.-w/; 6

Ա૷࿩ᶟ୿տ䆰䀸 ‫ˈޗ‬᤯䚄䆰᚟ 㗱䗋ᬢ ᚙ⓷DŽ 

Ώࢂคԝԋ൩Ғ៛‫܌‬Ǵ΋ԃѤ‫ߙۑ‬ᆧ‫ޱ޹ڀ‬Ƕ!
.J-v<->A%-3(R$-;R/-+/-H.-0<-&/; .?-$?3-o=-2-i3?-GA-LA/-_2?-GA?;
ᗇབྷ䗋⿻䚐⓷࠷ᐤ ቆˈ䆰ᆻ⭢૷ ইਹӺ 䚻ਹˈ
ӵ۶ઓЕ‫ىڀ‬യфቺǴΟШ΋ϪፏՕу࡭ΚǴ !
?J3?-&/-:O=-0:A-i3-gR$-2?=-a.-.; z-:SJ-3A-$?3-YA.-:L%-gJ/-:VJ=-IA?;
἞䯃䀨ᶟই䉶㯙㍟ 䆰DŽ᣹䙉㊣ᆻ ㍠トᓇ 䙉ਹˈ
ࣁନ౲ғ଎໶ϐӰ‫ۺ‬ǶઓଲΓΟጔଆғԖ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
=?-.%-2?R.-/3?-(R/-=3-o-3,/-0?; :(A-2-3J.-0:A-;R/-+/-2..-lA:A->A%;
䴧᫻㍒ই㫉⎚ት੎ ᶟˈԱ૷࿩ᶟ 䚐⓷䆰 䀸䗋ˈ 
཰Κᅽቺᇣᜫ‫ک‬ӝӢǴคԝфቺҒ៛ϐઓЕǴ!
SA-8A3-%R?-%.-..-3A/-/3-3#<-:OA$?; z-:SJ-3A-$?3-k$?->A%-:,A2-0-?J=; 7

ᬢ㹼ᐳᚙ䆰ⵏই૆ 䎔ˈ᣹䙉㊣ᆻ ᵘ䗋ᴯ ᐤ⪏DŽ 

ᐨ३३਻ྟ໦࿽຀‫ޜ‬Ǵ੃ନઓଲΓΟϐܶ༿Ƕ!
:R.-$?=-3J-tJ:A-:R.-9J<-UJ%-2-:UR; 3-<A$-kR%?-0:A-3/-/$-:,A2-0-?J=;
ଖ㯙࿩ӻଖ⪏ఄ૷ ᣭˈ俜ᰕ㫉ᶟ ᛦ᤯ᴯ ᐤ⪏ˈ 
‫ܫ‬৔ӀܴОՁӀጕ㒀Ǵ੃ନคܴ༿࿆ϐܶ⿡Ǵ!
 3J-!$-5-8A%-2YJ$-0:A-%<-w/-0?; 3/R=-t$-3A-$4%-uJ/-uJ/-2YJ$-0<-LJ.;
㖾བྷᬖ䗋⪏ᶟ⳾⓷ 䋍ˈ䄮ᷦ㊣儂 ެެ⪏ ᐤ㎀DŽ 
О޸‫ىڀ‬዗បᐯᐨΚǴԦఄόృֹӄ೏ᐨ྄Ƕ!
.J-v<-;R/-+/-H.-:1$?->A%-$?3-/A; (R?-.LA%?-i3-0<-.$-0:A-LA/-_2?-.%-;
ᗇབྷ䚐⓷࠷ᑅ䗋ᆻ ቬˈ৫៹ইᐤ བྷᶟӺ 䚻᫻ˈ 
ӵ۶ਸയфቺΟઓЕǴ‫࣬܄ࣚݤ‬మృϐу࡭Ǵ!
*2?-$/?-.!R/-3(R$-$?3-IA-2.J/-5B$-.%; S%-YR%-<A$-:6B/-i3?-GA-P2-0:A-3,?; 8

ᷦ‫ޗ‬ᛳ⿻ᆻਹ⓷Ա ᫻ˈᕥᶮᰕӺ ইᇴㄩ ᶟੀˈ 

Οᝊࣥ٩ೀϐ੿ჴᇟǴиΓ࡭ܴ౲ϐঅ࡭ΚǴ!
z-:SJ-3A-$?3-YA.-0:A-.0J-=$?-GA?; 2?3-.R<-.$-0?-$&A$-+-2!:-2PR?-/?;
᣹䙉㊣ᆻ㍠ᶟ䋍䐟 ᇴˈẁѵབྷᶟ ᇴᶌా տ‫ˈޗ‬
ઓଲΓΟԖࣚϐೕጄǴཀ኷మృӅӕ୘᝼ςǴ!
z:SJ-3A-$?3-:O$?-/-2?%-2:A-,2?; .3J-3/R=-$4%-24S$-:SJ?-/-2?%-2:A-,2?;
᣹䙉㊣ᆻ䀨᤯ẁေ 䐿ˈ࿩䄮儂ཿ 䙉᤯ẁ ေ䐿ˈ 
ઓଲΓΟ઱‫ݾ‬⡗ృ‫ݤ‬ǴዅృషᚇԦఄ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
.%R?-P2-2<-(.-:SJ?-/-2?%-2:A-,2?; 2.J/-m/-;$-*J?-:SJ?-/-2?%-2:A-,2?;
୿ㄩᤄ࠷䙉᤯ẁေ 䐿ˈ⓷ሺ⢉⎵ 䙉᤯ẁ ေ䐿ˈ 
ԋ൩షᚇምᛖ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ੿ଷӳᚯ࣬ష⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
29%-%/-:VA%-$?3-:SJ?-/-2?%-2:A-,2?; (R-$-/R<-:O=-L%-/-2?%-2:A-,2?; 9

ẁᚙⵏᆻ䙉᤯ẁေ 䐿ˈ⿻ా䄮ࡍ ト᤯ẁ ေ䐿ˈ 

๓ൾύனΟష⡗ృ‫ݤ‬ǴሺॉऩԖрᒱ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
z-:SJ-3A-$?3-LJ.-PA2-2?%-2:A-,2?; kA?-v?-35/-3-%/-/-2?%-2:A-,2?;
᣹䙉㊣ᆻ㎀ᬢẁေ 䐿ˈ㊣ᗇ৳⪚ ᚙ᤯ẁ ေ䐿ˈ 
ઓଲΓΟٕྩ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵფნӂ࣬Ϩൾ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
 =-*J-3R-lA?-%/-/-2?%-2:A-,2?; .2%-0R:C-|R-s-:$$-0-2?%-2:A-,2?;
᣹᥿᪙䀸ᚙ᤯ẁေ 䐿ˈᰪᐳ㤏⳾ ాᐤẁ ေ䐿ˈ 
ᆉ‫ڮ‬Ν‫ړ‬Ϩൾ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵϖਥϐߐምᛖ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
3$R/-z-$;%-z-3/R=-2-2?%-2:A-,2?; :#R/-:6B%-U$-.R$-L%-/-2?%-2:A-,2?;
┮᣹㖺᣹䄮૷ẁေ 䐿ˈᰶӺᐞ兕 ト᤯ẁ ေ䐿ˈ 
ៈઓ଄ઓఄ਻⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵऩଆ࡜Ϝ༭㡰⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
(R-:U=-i3-gR$-L%-/-2?%-2:A-,2?; ;=-3#<-#%-HA3-2lJ$?-*J?-2?%-2:A-,2?; 10

⿻ࡍই䉶ト᤯ẁေ 䐿ˈ␔૆ᓧԱ 䋺᥿ẁ ေ䐿ˈ 

ऩрЄᡂӰ‫ۺ‬⡗ృ‫ݤ‬ǴᑐࣵࠤӻၸѨ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
Y%-3-,$?-.3-$;J=-/-2?%-2:A-,2?; ?-2.$-[-$*/-:O$-/-2?%-2:A-,2?;
ᶮ⪚ੀ⮦ཌ᤯ẁေ 䐿ˈ㯙བྷ䐟ᒤ ࡍ᤯ẁ ေ䐿ˈ 
Ӻ‫ޣ‬Ꮾ࡙ᇣ‫ق‬⡗ృ‫ݤ‬ǴӦЬᓪ֯ፂँ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
 =R-^-8$-.?-%/-/-2?%-2:A-,2?; *A-^-$9:-{<-%/-/-2?%-2:A-,2?;
┿䚄䵎⦘ᚙ᤯ẁေ 䐿ˈቬ䚄᫂ా ᚙ᤯ẁ ေ䐿ˈ 
ԃДВਔൾၮ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬ǴВДᘑࢃϨᏐ⡗ృ‫ݤ‬Ǵ!
2?%-O?-(R-$-92-3R-12-0:A-3,?; =J$?-0<-.J.-0?-3A->J?-3A-3,R%-3J.;
ẁࡍ⿻ా᫂᪙տᶟ ੀˈ㍟ᐤ⭼䋍 ㊣䅍㊣ 䙊࿩ˈ 
অ࡭ࣗు⡗ృሺॉΚǴ๓֮ࡘᒣؒԖό೯ၲǴ!
11
S%-YR%-2.J/-0:A-5B$-$A?-3A-:P2-3J.; gJ/-:VJ=-(R-$?-3-5%-$%-;%-3J.;
ᕥᶮ⓷ᶟಘ䀸㊣տ ࿩ˈᓇ䙉⿻㎖ ⪚‫ع‬ዑ 㖺࿩ˈ 
иΓᒅᇟؒԖόԋᒤǴጔଆሺॉؒԖόሸӄǴ!
o-nJ/-5S$?-0?-,3?-&.-:P2-0<-:I<-; =$-=J/-L?-0?-,3?-&.-.$-0<-$?%?;
ት䯃⑺䋍⒟⭼տᐤ ትˈ᣹㚟က䋍 ⒟⭼䚄 ᐤᆻDŽ 
Ӣጔᆫӝӄ೽ࣣԋ൩ǴԖϓჴঅ΋ϪࣣమృǶ!
 AJ-3-@R-.J-.$R%?-?-$?R=; .J-<A%-2.$-&$-;R/-3(R.-:#R<-2&?-GA?;
ಟ⪚⚛ʽ炷஻ 炸‫ޜ‬㍐ਏ ʽᗇӱ䚄ᷦ䚐 ত᪣⭼ᇴˈ 
ᏗᅦОǼࣹᏫ‫ۺ‬Ȑ۶ȑǼϞВ‫ך‬฻ࡼЬᅽҖ౱Ǵ!
3A-$4%-*3?-PA2-:#R/-:6B/-U$-.R$-.%-; .=-;3?-2<-(.-8A-8A%-2?%-2:A-KA<;
㊣儂၈ᬢᰶӺᐞ兕 ᫻ˈᢃᨊᐤ࠷ ᚟䗋ẁ ေԱˈ
όృၴምϜ࡟ᆶ༭֪Ǵዥࣝምᛖ৲ନЪ⡗ృǴ!
12
3HJ/-&A%-$9A$?-0:A-z-5S$?-.$R%?-?-$?R=; .J-<A%-$/3-=-$9:-.%-{<-3-29%;
ॳӺ᚟ᶟ᣹⑺‫ޜ‬㍐ ਏDŽᗇӱই᣹ 㯙᫻ా ⪚ẁˈ 
ࣹፎܴ᠘൧౲᪷ࠟ‫ۺ‬ǶϞВϺᘑࢃٍࠍӓ౺Ǵ!
?-$8A<-.J.-=J$?-;R/-+/-:.R.-.$-5%-; 2<-.-.?-5S.-5K?-P%?-2N->A?-?R;
㯙᚟⭼㍟䚐⓷䆰᭵ ‫ˈع‬ᐤ䆰䆰‫޼ ׳‬ᕥᵝ 㾯ਏDŽ 
Ӧ୷๓‫܌ݯ‬టࣣሸഢǴ྽ύਔٍВයࣣӓ౺Ƕ!
 2?%-.%-8A-2:A-(R-$-LJ.-0-=; *A-3-.$J-8A%-o-{<-29%-0R-;A/;
ẁ᫻᚟ေ⿻ాကᐤ ᣹ˈቬ⪚㎖䗋 ትాẁ ᫝䢰ˈ 
অಞ⡗ృ৲‫ؠ‬ϐሺॉǴϼ໚ཫ‫ࢃک‬எҭӓ๓Ǵ!
?%?-o?-L%-?J3?-.P-2&R3-9$-0-9.; ?%?-o?-b%-$*A?-$4S-!J-2.J/-0:A-3(R$;
ẁ‫ہ‬ሷ἞ᵝච㯙ᐤ ⪏ˈẁ‫ہ‬ዑ㟙 ཿᗇ⓷ ᶟ⿻ˈ 
ፏՕ๦ᙓᛥᅇྠඊᅰǴፏՕΒ‫ى‬ဃ൧੿ჴയǴ!
(R?-*A.-($?-.%-V=-+J-2.J/-0:A-3(R$; .$J-:./-:.?-0:A-$4S-!J-2.J/-0:A-3(R$; 13

৫ቬᚠ᫻ᵝᗇ⓷ᶟ ⿻ˈ㎖ᮖ䆰ᶟ ཿᗇ⓷ ᶟ⿻ˈ 

‫܄ݤ‬ᇻᚆ೥๱੿ჴയǴႶ՚ࣁ२ᆫ཮੿ჴയǴ!
.!R/-3(R$-$?3-IA-2.J/-0:A-LA/-_2?-GA?; 2?%-$A-(R-$-=J$?-0<-:P2-0<->R$;
ᛳ⿻ᆻਹ⓷ᶟӺ䚻 ᇴˈẁṬ⿻ా ㍟ᐤտ ᐤ⿰DŽ 
Οᝊ੿ჴᒅΚϐу࡭Ǵோᜫ⡗ృሺॉ๓ԋ൩Ƕ!
 AJ-3-@R-.$R%?-?-$?R=; 2?%-%R-3(R.-.R-!/-29%-3(R.-0:A-3A/;
ಟ⪚⚛ʽ஻‫ޜ‬㍐ਏʽẁ㗱তᯇᛳẁ তᶟӺDŽ 
ᏗᅦОǼࣹᏫ‫)ۺ‬۶*Ǽ!⡗Ψ‫ٮ‬Ψද፣‫ٮ‬Ꭶ໦Ƕ!
4f/-.!<-0R-A->$-1-;A?-2?%-; 4f/-.3<-0R-A->$-3-;A?-2?%-;
໎⓷ా᫝䱯⿰ᑅᇌ ẁˈ໎⓷俜᫝ 䱯⿰⪚ ᇌẁˈ 
қᔝ३Е໢࢙а⡗౼Ǵआᔝ३Еሟ࢙а⡗౼Ǵ!
(/-IA-o=-0R-A-$-<-;A?-2?%-; SA-;A-o=-0R-.-<-!-;A?-2?%-; 14

ᛦਹ֣᫝䱯ాྲᇌ ẁˈᬢᇌ֣᫝ 䆰ྲా ᇌẁˈ 

ፏᛰϐЦ؈३а⡗౼Ǵ३਻ϐЦ๋ᔝа⡗౼Ǵ!
2=-2-.!<-0R-z-;A-%R?-GA?-2?%-; >$-0-=R-29%-$;-=R-:2<-2?-2?%-;
ᢺнా᫝᣹ᇌᐳᇴ ẁˈ⿰ᐤ┿ẁ ␔┿ᐤ ေẁˈ 
қՅ‫׹‬ᚧϺ३а⡗౼Ǵᐯᐨ๓࢙⪱ယа⡗౼Ǵ!
 3#/-0-.!<-0R-lA-29%-SA-;A?-2?%-; 1<-3R%-.!<-3R-\%-(J/-%.-0?-2?%-;
๚ᐤా᫝䀸ẁᬢᇌ ẁˈ᫢㫉ా᪙ ⎚ॳᚙ 䋍ẁˈ 
қՅഁᆻ३៛а⡗౼Ǵқᆻຝ໳਻‫ښ‬а⡗౼Ǵ!
]-3J.-*2?-I<-]-3-2!:-2o.-2?%-; b%-$*A?-3(R$-I<-mR$?-0:A-?%?-o?-2?%-;
᣹࿩ᷦትஷోాት ẁˈዑ㟙⿻ት ཿᶟẁ ‫ہ‬ẁˈ 
⡗౼ค΢‫׈‬ៈα໺ৣǴ⡗౼Β‫ى‬യ൧༝ᅈՕǴ!
2$-($?-.R%-36.-.3-(R?-.!R/-3(R$-2?%-; 2?R.-/3?-8A%-I<-:1$?-0:A-.$J-:./-2?%-; 15

ᤄᚠච䋺᫻৫ᛳ⿻ ẁˈ㍒ই䗋ት ᑅᶟ㎖ ᮖẁˈ 

⡗౼ృ‫ݯ‬ಞ਻҅‫ݤ‬ᝊǴ⡗౼фቺᅽҖ፣ဃႶǴ!
o=-2:A-.GA=-:#R<-;A-.3-z-5S$?-2?%-; 8A%-i3?-*R%-36.-.0:-2R-3#:-:PR-2?%-;
⭢ေ䠁᪣ᇌ᫻᣹⑺ ẁˈ䗋ইච䋺 ᐤベᓧ ঃẁˈ 
⡗౼ፏՕᏝࠤҁ൧౲Ǵ౼Չፏ߸߿Рᆶ‫ޜ‬ՉǴ !
 2!/-0-*R%-36.-(R?-*R%-Y%-3-2?%-; KA-o.-hR-eJ-<A$?-GA-Y%-3-2?%-;
⓷ᐤච䋺৫චᶮ⪚ ẁˈԱትཊ‫ ہ‬ᰕᇴᶮ ⪚ẁˈ 
౼䉆Օ௲ៈ‫ݤ‬ᆶӺ‫ޣ‬Ǵ⡗౼ӺៈѦុߎখ೽Ǵ!
2!:-Y%-o.-Y%-$+J<-IA-Y%-3-2?%-; aR2-.0R/-1-3J?-o.-GA-Y%-3-2?%-;
ాᶮትᶮᗇਹᶮ⪚ ẁˈ┿྄ᑅ࿩ ትᇴᶮ ⪚ẁˈ 
⡗౼ៈ௲ៈុӺҷᙒǴ⡗౼Ӻៈ઒ৣ໺‫ޣ܍‬Ǵ!
.2J/-$/?-(R?-:#R<-;R%?-GA-Y%-3-2?%-; 2~J/-12-{=-w/-;R%?-GA-Y%-3-2?%-; 16

୿‫ޗ‬৫᪣᫱ᇴᶮ⪚ ẁˈᒤտా⓷ ᫱ᇴᶮ ⪚ẁˈ 

⡗౼ᓉೀ‫ݤ‬፺ፏӺ‫ޣ‬Ǵ⡗౼‫ڀ‬ጔঅ࡭ፏӺ‫ޣ‬Ǵ!
3,-.0%-#R%-PR$?-LJ.-0:A-z-Y%-2?%-; 2.$-&$-.0R/-aR2-;R/-3(R.-:#R<-2&?-GA;
ੀፙ៲ঃ㎀ᶟ᣹ᶮ ẁDŽ䚄྄ᷦ┿ 䚐ত᪣ ӻᇴˈ
⡗౼ΚैշՔៈ‫ݤ‬ઓǶ‫ך‬฻ৣ২ࡼЬᅽҖ౱Ǵ!
 *A/-IA-L-<-LJ.-0:A-z-2?%-%R-; 35/-IA-3J=-5K-LJ.-0:A-z-2?%-%R-;
ᛘਹ⭢ᜩ㎀ᶟ᣹ẁ 㗱ˈ৳ਹ㖾޺ ㎀ᶟ᣹ ẁ㗱ˈ 
⡗౼Ӻ䉆қఀϺઓΨǴ⡗౼ْᡄས‫ڹ‬ϺઓΨǴ!
#-:6B/->$-:.J2?-LJ.-0:A-z-2?%-%R-; (-=-93-0-V$-=-,J3-{?-.%-;
૆Ӻ༿ᗇ㎀ᶟ᣹ẁ 㗱DŽ৫᣹ẁᐤ ᵝ᣹ཙ ㎖᫻ˈ 
⡗౼‫࡭ן‬ᑐްϺઓΨǶНύᐏኺ۟ҡᆶ໘ఊǴ!
3/-0<-1R/-3J-LJ.-0:A-z-i3?-2?%-; .P-=-?R-LJ.-$*J/-=-L-$+R%-.%-; 17

ᛦᐤ䃴࿩㎀ᶟ᣹ই ẁDŽᵝ᣹భ㎀ ᒤ᣹⭢ ᶡ᫻ˈ 

ྣܴܶ⿡ઓ౲ࣣ⡗౼ǶୀჸእБ‫ܭ‬ᒃࡼསဦǴ!
.$-=-(/-$+R%-/.-=-lA-$?R?-.%-; 2..-GA-.0%-:)R3?-:SJ-;A-$*:-$/R/-0;
∂᣹䮰ᶡ‫ޗ‬᣹ᇴ㍐ ᫻ˈ䆰ᇴፙච 䙉ᇌ၈ ᙂᐤˈ 
ύࢥࡼᛰғੰᕍҒ៛Ǵ੃ྐ៥ैୌ‫ڋ‬ଲ៥ᓍǴ!
.3$-.0%-$;=-%R-2^R$-0:A-z-2?%-%R-; 3./-/?-2?-8A%-o2-/?-2*J=-2-.%-;
們྄␔㗱兕ᶟ᣹ẁ 㗱DŽᮖ‫ޗ‬㍐䗋 ᷦ‫ޗ‬㎀ ૷᫻ˈ 
Ꮿ൑፿Ᏺैઓࣣ⡗౼Ƕ߻य़߆ௗᒿࡕբៈଌǴ!
2<-/-.R/-12-;=-.-2-/R<-*R%-; LA?-?-3A-g:A-mA-2R-LJ.-0-.%-;
ᐤ᤯ᮖտ␔䆰н䗢 චˈᇴ㍐㊣ᗇ ᇴベ㎀ ᐤ᫻ˈ 
ύ໔‫܍‬ᒤໂნៈη଄ǴаϷᅱៈѴλΓଭ੬Ǵ!
18
1-5/-;=-:#R<-*R%-2:A-z-2?%-%R-; o2-2gJ/-3,-.0%-=?-Y%-LJ.-0-.%-;
ᑅ৳␔᪣චေ᣹ẁ 㗱DŽᷦᓇੀፙ ੲᶮ㎀ ᐤ᫻ˈ 
ߥ䉆୯ୱРઓࣣ⡗౼Ƕࡕ࣯Κैߥៈ‫ي‬ᡏ‫ޣ‬Ǵ!
$+/-IA-1R-z-;=-IA-.P-]-.%-; 1-MJ?-35/-z-3-KA-(/-z-.%-;
⓷ਹ兴᣹␔ਹᵝ᣹ ᫻ˈᑅ⎵ᶁ᣹ ⪚Աᛦ ᣹᫻ˈ 
҉‫تڰ‬ઓ୯ნᏯയઓǴ઒ӃઓᆶѦ઒҆‫س‬ઓǴ!
 9?-/R<-$;%-z-iR-35S/-%<-z-.%-; ;=-<A?-?-2.$-#3?-<A$?-[-$*/-.%-;
ማ䄮㖺᣹䄮ᶁ⳾᣹ ᫻ˈ␔ᰕ㯙䚄 ᓧᰕⴗ ᒤ᫻ˈ 
१଄ᅽઓճᏔ࠶቉ઓǴӚ୯ӦЬࣚ௼ᓪ֯ઓǴ!
:L%-2-/3-^-.?-28A:A-?-2.$-.%-; %<-#-(J-2-=R-.%-^-2:A-z;
ච૷ই䚄䆰᚟㯙䚄 ᫻ˈᐤ૆࿩૷ ┿᫻䚄 ေ᣹ˈ 
εᅿ਻ংѤਔӦЬઓǴΖ‫ړ‬ΐ৐ԃДϐઓܴǴ!
$9:-{<-8$-.%-.?-5S.-5K?-P%?-z; KA-/%-z-YA/-#J-2o.-3,-(J/-2?%-; 19

㯙ా༿᫻䆰‫޼׳‬ᕥ ᣹ˈԱ೺᣹ᯠ ᗇ⭼ੀ ॳẁDŽ 

ࢃᘑВයਔٍВයઓǴ⡗౼ѦϣΖ೽εΚઓǶ!
#3?-$?3-3%:-2.$-YA.-$?3-.2%-+<-2:A; !R%-$?3-SJ$?-0:A-3,-(J/-3-=?-.%-;
ᓧᆻ㧭䚄㍠ᆻᰪት ေˈᶡᆻ䙉ᶟ ੀॳ⪚ ᖻ᫻ˈ 
಍‫ݯ‬ΟࣚΟԖϐ։ЦǴΟ΢໹ᄌεΚคᎩ౲Ǵ !
 <A-<2-\A%-28A-$?J<-IA-<A-2./-.%-; <R=-0:A-35S-2./-t$?-<A-3-H.-.%-;
ᰕᜩ᷇᚟⪏ਹᰕᮖ ᫻ˈḄᶟ⑺ᮖ ᷦᰕᵘ ফ᫻ˈ 
ۚ‫ܭ‬໪ᔆѤࢪΎߎξǴΎၯᔍੇаϷ៓ൎξǴ!
o-35S-(-[%-/3-3#:-*A-^:A-HA3; .<-OR.-/$?-5=-<A-2R:C-OR.-$/?-0:A;
⭢⑺৫喽ই૆ቬᗇ ಘˈ䆰䀨䛓ᬖ ᰕベ䀨 ‫ޗ‬䋍ˈ 
ੇࢩԢ‫ݞ‬Ϻ‫ޜ‬ВД৐Ǵቛ൑හ݅εξᕳሜ໔Ǵ!
z-.%-[-.%-3A:3-&A-=-?R$?; SA-9-P=-23-3#:-wA%-vR-:KJ-.%-; 20

᣹᫻䐟᫻㊣ᰲᇴ᣹ భˈᬢ᫂ㄩн ૆б䉶 ࠷᫻ˈ 

ϺᓪᆶΓ‫ځࢂ܈‬д฻Ǵ൨३౟ဎ᜻ചᆶဎՉǴ!
$/R.-.A/-:L%-0R-:UR$-3:A-5S$?-2&?-2?%-; <A-<2-#R%-$?J%-o-35S-\A%-2<-.%-;
ᙂӺච᫝ᣭ࿩⑺ُ ẁDŽᰕᜩオԉ ⭢⑺᷇ ᐤ᫻ˈ 
ᛰΰ೽ӭ߸ζࣣ⡗౼Ƕ໪ᔆᕉӹаϷੇୱ໔Ǵ!
 <A/-(J/-<A-2R-/R<-2:A-\A%-$/?-0:A; z-[-S%-YR%-3%R/->J?-(R/-=3-.2%-;
ӱॳᰕベ䄮н䡤‫ ޗ‬ᶟˈ᣹䐟ᕥᶮ ୿䅍དྷ ⎚ᰪˈ 
ᝊξᝊࢪ΋ϪӼՐϐǴϺᓪиΓઓ೯ᜫΚЦǴ!
$5S$?-$9$?-3=-m-:U=-&/-i3?-2?%-; ?-:R$-$+J<-.%-P2-0:A-2&.-i3?-.%-;
᤯⑺㍐⨐䱫䀨ቆ᤯ ẁDŽ㯙‫ڦ‬ᗇ᫻ ㄩᶟᬊ ᤯᫻ˈ 
ӚᅿЄϯ‫ي‬౲ࠍ⡗౼ǶӦΠᝊ৤ԋ൩ፏᆒाǴ!
lA-(/-uR/->A%-=R-+R$-Y%-2:A-z; $+J<-2.$-$/R.-.A/-3-3R-3A:3-&A; 21

ᇴᛦሺ䗋┿䉶ᶮေ ᣹ˈᗇ䚄ᙂӺ ⪚᪙㊣ ᰲᇴˈ 

Ғ៛ᛰЕᤞዻӺៈઓǴ৤Ьᛰΰ༰ነҺՖΓǴ!
SA-9-YA/-0R:C-5S$?-2&?-,3?-&.-2?%-; ..-2?-!J%-KR$?-?-]:A-YA.-0-2?%-;
ᬢ᫂ᯠн⑺ӻ⒟⭼ ẁDŽ䆰䋍⓷⿻ 㯙᣹㍠ ᐤẁˈ 
൨३ᛥΰ౲౱ࣣ⡗౼Ƕྟⓞ΢Б⡗౼Ϻ΢ࣚǴ!
 3J-tJ?-?-!J%-2<-$%-z-:SJ-2?%-; 3J-!$-?-:R$-[-$*/-YA.-0-2?%-;
㖾ӻ㯙⓷ᐤ೺᣹䙉 ẁˈ㖾བྷ㯙‫ ڦ‬䐟ᒤ㍠ ᐤẁˈ 
ฃᐨӦय़⡗౼ϺઓଲǴОᐬӦΠ⡗౼ᓪ֯ࣚǴ!
SA-%.-KR$?-2&:A-KA-$R.-:)A$-gJ/-2?%-; /%-2&.-*J-:PR-?J3?-&/-,3?-&.-2?%-;
ᬢᚙ⿻ᬊԱᙂᬐᓇ ẁˈ೺ᬊӻঃ ἞䯃⒟ ⭼ẁˈ 
਻‫ښ‬⡗౼ΜБѦᏔࣚǴ⡗౼΋Ϫϣ௃Ԗ௃౲Ǵ!
22
.?-$?3-1-3-:PR-2-<A$?-S$-2?%-; 5K-<2?-}-KA:A-=/-($?-$.R/-2$J$?-2?%-;
䆰ᆻᑅ⪚ঃ૷ᰕㄩ ẁˈ޼ᜩ⳾Ա 䙓ᚠᮖ ㎖ẁDŽ 
⡗౼ΟШР҆Ϥၰ౲Ǵ⡗౼ಕШᒨԐ໸ЬଲǶ!
H.-0<-2R.-#3?-#-2-&/-$/?-0:A; YA.-0-($?-0:A-z-.$-=-?R$?-+J;
࠷ᐤнᓧ૆૷䯃‫ ޗ‬ᶟˈ㍠ᐤᚠᶟ ᣹പ᣹ భᗇˈ 
੝౼Րӧᙒ୔ഓୱϐǴബ೷Ш໔ΐՏξઓ฻Ǵ!
2R.-GA-3$<-z-(J/-0R-2&-$?3-.%-; 3,:-;A-.$J-2~J/-(J/-0R-*J<-$&A$-2?%-;
нᇴപ᣹ॳ᫝ትᆻ ᫻ˈ䐿ᇌ㎖ᒤ ॳ᫝ᒤ ᇴẁˈ 
аϷՋᙒΜΟεᄺઓǴᜐნЅ΋ξઓεۚγǴ!
2R.-#3?-*R%-2:A-2g/-3-2&-$*A?-.%-; ;=-IA-$8A-2.$-3#<-IA-lJ-z-2?%-;
нᓧචᶟ⓷⪚ት㟙 ᫻ˈ␔ਹ᚟䚄 ૆ਹ䙉 ᣹ẁDŽ 
ៈ䉆ᙒ୔ΜΒӦ҆ઓǴ୯ୱൕഗઓЬࠍ⡗౼Ƕ!
|R-z-!$-$;$-HA3-z-$J-,%-2?%-; ,2-z-;-3R-8A%-z-5%?-0-2?%-; 23

㤏᣹བྷ䳵ಘ᣹㎖䙊 ẁˈ䐿᣹␔⁑ 䗋᣹㫬 ᐤẁˈ 

ߐઓε
ε ೗ӻઓ๏
๏ ೯‫ޘ‬Ǵ‫؞‬ઓЀ
Ѐ ነҖઓᇇ
ᇇ Ѓ‫ޘ‬Ǵ!
=3-z-3$R/-0R-g-z-.3$-.0R/-2?%-; K$-z-.3$-$;%-/R<-z:A-o=-0R-2?%-;
⎚᣹┮᫝བྷ᣹們྄ ẁˈ⿻᣹們ཞ 䄮᣹֣ ᫝ẁDŽ 
ၡઓᄾ
ᄾ ‫ݢ‬ଭઓጜ
ጜ ‫ޘھ‬Ǵ൤ઓጜ
ጜ ѧ଄ઓ։Ц‫ޘ‬Ƕ!
5S%-z-.R/-P2-.P-]:A-o=-0R-?R$?; 3(R.-0<-:R?-0:A-3PR/-<A$?-5S$?-i3?-=;
㚠᣹ᮖㄩᵝ㍟֣᫝ భDŽতᐤ௄ᶟ Ⓠᰕ⑺ ই᣹ˈ 
୘ઓඩ
ඩ ԮᏯሲ։Ц฻Ƕ‫߆ࠔٮ‬ӝӚᜪᇯ࠼౲Ǵ!
KJ-3<-%R?-.%-SA-$?<-%.-.%-w/; 8=-9?-:.R.-.$-$-5S$?-1.-GA?-3(R.;
࠷⪚н᫻ᬢ䙏ᚙ᫻ ⓷ˈ䵎㢢䆰പ 䛓⑺᫢ ᇴতˈ 
३ણаϷข㫟਻‫ښ‬ΚǴӚᅿ‫܌‬టཥ१բ౼‫ޘ‬Ǵ!
5K-YA%?-.0=-*J.-<A$?-2o.-29%-0R-%J=; #-eJ-.2%-,%-~/-P$?-(J/-0R-*J.; 24

޼ᯠᐤӻᰕትẁ᫝ 㛼ˈ૆ㇰᰪ⒟ ᒤᵝॳ ᫝ُDŽ 

‫ۯ‬ტғ፵ᕷ़፣ࡕ༓Ǵғଆᅽ਻៾Κඦ౰ӜǶ!
2.$-&$-;R/-3(R.-3A-/R<-:#R<-2&?-GA; i3-gR$-$9%-:6B/-=-*J-%/-0-i3?;
䚄ᷦ䚐ফ㊣䄮᪣ӻ ᇴˈই䉶ᶮӺ ᣹⎵ᚙ ᐤইˈ 
‫ך‬฻ࡼЬᅽҖΓ଄౱Ǵ୺࡭ϩձൾቻፏ҂ᝍǴ!
 3A-3,R=-3$R/-*2?-z-=-3,R=-+J-2?%-; *-3,R%-$/?-0:A-(-=-3,R=-+J-2?%-;
㊣䘿┮ᷦ᣹䚻䘿ᗇ ẁ˗၈䙊‫ޗ‬ᶟ ৫᣹䘿 ᗇẁ˗ 
௱᪷൧߻ᝍ৷Ъ⡗ృǹ‫ـ‬ങӼՐϐНᝍЪ⡗ǹ!
I-3,R%-$/?-0:A-<A-=-3,R=-+J-2?%-; z-:SJ-3A-$?3-*A-^-$9:-{<-.%-;
⿰䙊‫ޗ‬ᶟᰕ᣹䘿ᗇ ẁ˗᣹䙉㊣ᆻ ቬ䚄᫂ ా᫻ˈ 
‫ـ‬ജӼՐϐξᝍЪ⡗ǹઓଲΓΟВДᆶࢃᘑǴ!
?-:R$-[-.%-?-!J%-24/-i3?-.%-; ?-]-!J%-$A-$9:-{<-3,R=-+J-2?%-; 25

㯙‫ڦ‬䐟᫻㯙⓷໎䛓 ᫻ˈ㯙᣹⓷Ṭ ᫂ా䘿 ᗇẁ˗ 

ӦΠᓪઓӦय़ፏ֯‫܁‬ǴϺ‫ޜ‬΢य़ࢃᘑᝍЪ⡗ǹ!
3HJ/-$9A$?-;J->J?-z-=-3,R=-+J-2?%-; .J-v<-3,R=-8A%-2?%-2:A-LA/-_2?-GA?;
ॳ᚟㙦䅍᣹䚻䘿ᗇ ẁDŽᗇᩝ䘿䗋 ẁေӺ 㹏ᇴˈ 
᠘‫ޕ‬ඵች൧߻ᝍЪ⡗Ƕӵ۶ᝍ৷⡗ృу࡭ΚǴ!
*R/-3R%?-2$-($?-*J?-*R/-.$-L?-/?; 3A-$4%-*3?-PA2-L<-;$-%/-0-!/;
⢋㫉ᤄᚠ⎵ච䚄㎀ ‫ˈޗ‬㊣儂၈ᬢ ትਣᚙ ᐤᛳˈ 
ྠඊಞ਻࿾ၸృϯςǴόృၴም΋Ϫൾ‫ؠ‬ჲǴ!
2?%-O?-(R-$:A-2.J/-0?-,<-.-2?=; =?-%$-;A.-$?3-3/R=-2:A-*J?-*R/-/A;
ẁࡍ⿻㎖⓷䋍ੀ䆰 㯙DŽੲ⳾ᇌᆻ 䄮ေ⎵ ᦀቬˈ 
⡗ృሺॉ੿ᒅҥ੃ନǶၴҍ‫ي‬αཀΟϐ࿾ၸǴ!
.3-$2-<A-3$R-($-0?-2+3-:S-.%-; 3/R=-t$->A%-3$R-.LA-3R%-/R/-:S-.%-; 26

ᵘದᰕ㤏ᵘ䋍ᓖᵝ ᫻ˈ䄮ᷦ䗋㤏 ᇌ㫉ࣚ ᵝ᫻ˈ 

ఄምซӵξᓐᜦ᠈࿽ǴఄྩซӵလᛯឺᐋᓐǴ!
*3?-PA2-*A-^-$9:-;A?-29%-:S-i3?; 2?%-O?-gJ/-:VJ=-(R-$?-,<-.-2?=;
၈ᬢቬ䚄᫂ᇌᶮᵝ ইˈẁࠪᓇ䙉 ⿻㎖ੀ 䆰㯙DŽ 
ၴምፏӵᛥ㿭ᇑВДǴ⡗ృጔଆሺॉҥ੃ନǶ!
.3-3/R=-#A$-1A2-,2-$8R2-:#R/-$?3-IA?; :#R/-:6A%-U$-.R$-*3?-PA2-*R/-=-?R$?;
⃄䄮䘚䚞䐿⿰ᰶᆻ ਹˈᰶӺ৹䉶 ၈ᬢᦀ ᣹భˈ 
ᇣఄ࿾ም‫؞‬ขፏ༮ሜǴᚶ࡟༭֪ၴም࿾ၸ฻Ǵ!
3$R/-*2?-z-Y%-,$?-.%-:$=-2-i3?; 2?%-O?-(R-$-92-3R-212?-0:A-3,?;
┮ᷦ᣹ᶮੀ᫻ా૷ ইˈẁࠪ⿻ా 㯙᪙տ ᶟੀˈ 
ၴङ᪷Ьៈ‫ݤ‬ፏЈཀǴঅ࡭ࣗు⡗ృሺॉΚǴ!
27
3/R=-t$-kR%?-0:A-*3?-PA2-.$-0-.%-; nJ/-%/-2<-(.-/.-$.R/-8A-2-.%-;
䄮ᷦ㫉ᶟ၈ᬢབྷᐤ ᫻ˈቆᚙᤄ࠷ ‫ޗ‬ᮖ᚟ ૷᫻ˈ 
మృఄྩܶ⿡ϐၴምǴ৲ନൾጔምᛖᆶੰ៥Ǵ!
1?-cR=-jR.-$+R%-$/R.-0-2^R$-0<-36S.; :.R.-.$-2?3-0-;A.-28A/-:P2-0-.%-;
֙ཐнᶡᙂᐤ䉶ᐤ ཿDŽ䆰പẁᐤ ᇌ䗋ㄩ ᐤ᫻ˈ
፿ߔእЋຖ‫ڣ‬ᆶу্Ƕ‫܌‬టӵཀᅈᜫ஼ԋ൩Ǵ!
5K-<A%-/.-3J.-2.J-=J$?-=R%?-,R.-:1J=; ?-KR$?-;=-#3?-2.J-=J$?-2N->A?-+J;
޼ӱ‫ޗ‬࿩ᗇ䴧喽ቡ ֙ˈ㯙⿻␔ᓧ ᗇ䴧ᵝ 㾯ᗇˈ 
ߏტคੰӼ኷‫ڙ‬ҔቚǴӦБნୱӼ኷֮ӓ౺Ǵ!
]-3J.-L%-(2-,R2-0:A-o<-I<-&A$;
᣹࿩⊏৫䘿ᶟትት ᇴDŽ 
ᜫԋᕇ᛾ค΢๦ගӢǶ!
28

&J?-0:A-2?%-3(R.-2.J-=J$?-!/-:L%-aR2-.0R/-2E?-36.-0-:VA-$%-<A/-(J/-1/-5S$-GA?-$+J<-/?-$./-S%?-0:R,, 3;-=),,
ӵࢂ ϐ໣ྷྟ ‫ٮ‬җጪ޸ ғεγ‫ ܌‬೷Ǵ‫ޔ‬ଅ Ϙίܻ෣வҷ ᙒፎрΨ Ƕӓ౺ӵ ཀǶ!

̚㾯 ‫ݳ‬Ҽˌˌ ҍᒤࡍ⿻ ˈ㹼㘵Პ 㡏᚝䆟ᯬ 㖾഻ದॳ䰌ᡯ 䌒ழਹ ⾕̚

!, ,2!:-2o.-|<-2?%-(J/-3R-=?-E-.3<-.!W$-;/-=$-$A?-36.-0:A-2?%-3(R., ,
ದ㠹བྷ➉‫׋‬⠏ѝ(ㅜӄц)༿⪚ ᚝⿻乿㠈ᡰ㪇ѻ➉‫׋‬


!,,.R/-.3-IA-2?%-3(R.-/A, 2eR.-L:A-.R/-;A.-=-S/-28A/-0?,
യက ϐྟ‫ٮ‬Ǵ Ꮻ‫܌ۺ‬၍ ॊϐཀက Ƕ!

#R3-0-.3-5B$-5=-OA3?-SA-2?%-$A?, :(=-2:A-SA-3-,3?-&.-2?%?-L?-/?, 29

Ἇᐤ᫻Ա‫׳‬ఄᬢᶮ 䁈ˈᚠေᬢ⪚ ⒟⭼ẁ ‫ ˈޗہ‬

ࡓሺᇣ‫ࡓיق‬ធ३਻Ǵృϯ΋Ϫᓑ௳ϐԦྵǴ!
:1$?-0:A-5S$?-i3?-.IJ?-0:A-LA/-2_2?-GA?, :PR-!/-5=-OA3?-SA-%.-w/-I<-&A$
ᑅᶟ⑺ই࿺ᶟ䠁㹏 䁈ˈঃᛳ‫׳‬ఄ ᬢ‫ޗ‬事 ት䀸DŽ 
ோᜫဃ౲៿഻у࡭ΚǴзፏ౲ғ‫ޱ޹ڀࡓי‬Ƕ!
 .!<-0R-.$J-2&-,.-0:A-SA-29%-$A?, ,#A$-,R.-3A-.$J:A-SA-3-2?%?-L?-/?,
ా᫝㎖ት⭼ᶟᬢẁ 䁈ˈᣥ‫ل‬㊣㎖ ᬢ䐒ẁ ‫ˈޗہ‬
қృΜ๓Չሺ‫ޱ‬३਻Ǵృϯό๓࿾ՉϐԦྵǴ!
.!<-KR$?-z-[-.IJ?-0:A-/?-0-;A?, $R.-2&.-3-=?-2.J-*A.-w/-I<-&A$
ా⿻᣹䲨࿺ᶟྤᐤ ᇌˈᙂਕ⪚䲨 ᗇ䀸事 ት䀸DŽ 
ோᜫ๓ઓϺᓪ៿഻ΚǴคᎩШ໔౲ғ‫ڀ‬Ӽ኷Ƕ!
;=-z-$8A-$/?-2.$-0R-,3?-&.-G%-, z$-2?3-i3-.$-SA-2?%-:.A?-2?%?-0?, 30

␔᣹᚟‫ޗ‬䚄᫝⒟⭼ ሷˈ᣹ẁ᤯བྷ ᬢᆻᣥ ẁᛢˈ 

!ᗨฅ΋ϪნઓӦ୷ЬǴృаమృཀ኷Ԝ‫ޱ‬३Ǵ!
U$-.R$-$.$-l2-SA-3-2?%?-L?-+J, L3?-.%-~A%-eJ:A-SA-29%-$R?-I<-&A$
৹ᯇ䆰』ᬢ⪚ẁ㎀ ᗇˈॐ唘ሗ㎀ ᬢẁਔ ት䀸DŽ
ோᜫ༭֪ൾࢥԦྵృǴ‫ࢉݠ‬ϘཁൿЈϐ३਻Ƕ!
 $4%-8A%-$4%-3:A-o-5S$?-=?-L%-8A%-, .$:-.%-3R-2:A-lR=-2?-<2-.<-2:A,
㯿㠸㯿࿩ት⑺䴧ච 㠸ˈా唘ᇉေ 䝂ေᜩ 䋸ေˈ 
ᇙаֹӄપృ౲‫׷‬፦Ǵ٠Ъඍ৹༇ᏟբፓଛǴ!
2?%-3(R.-2.$-%R?-9?-3(R$-o-(J/-0R?, :.A<-5S$?-:L%-0R-3-=?-5B3-I<-&A$
ẁফ䆰н঄⿻཮ॳ нˈ䘚⑺ච᫝ ⪚㑧ឦ ት䀸ˈ 
ோᜫቶεྟ‫ٮ‬യ३१ǴԜ཮೽ӭคᎩ஼ᅈཀǴ!
.J-;A-3,-=?-2.$-&$-:#R<-2&?-GA, 3A-/R<-K$?-i3?-$R.-#-;R%?-=?-PR=,
31
ᗇᇌੀ䴧䚄ᷦ᪣⭼ 䁈ˈ㊣ᥚ⿻᤯ ਔ૆᫱ 䴧ঃˈ 
җ۶ϐΚ‫ך‬฻౱ឦϐǴΓ଄੬ፏ઻ཞӄಥᚆǴ!
:LR<-0-1/-?3-5S$?-0-:1J=-8B%-o?, 2?3-.R/-(R?-28A/-:P2-0:A-.%R?-P2-)R=,
ѵᐤᴻ䘱⑺ᐤ䝽㠸 ‫ˈہ‬ẁᮖ৫⅓ ㄩᶟ୿ ㄩཿDŽ 
଄൤༝ᅈቚߏЪᑫ౰Ǵ፥ϒӵཀᅈᜫϐԋ൩Ƕ!
!
8J?-$<-.2%-hR-eJ-:(%-$A-%R-2R-,3?-&.-3HJ/-0-.0=-.!R/-3(R$->G-3(R$-$A-$4S-2R:C-:2%?-<2-+-5K?-0:A-8=-}-/?-$?%?-0:R,,
ӵࢂҗᆸԾӧߎখ࡭ϐҁ፦ӄ‫ޕ‬ਸയӓ౺ΟᝊញोϐЬा‫׌‬ηᒃα‫܌‬ॊΨǶ!
̚  㹼㘵Პ㡏ᯬҼ䴦䴦ҍᒤԢ༿᚝䆟ᯬದॳ䰌ᡯDŽ䌒ழਹ⾕ ̚ !
 32

⫈伔䔻孟䠜⊈▙䤸圊㪋
 *; $;%-:$$?-:.A-v<-<R;
ⲭ䋑⾎ᤋ⾿ܰ䓼

3.:-.<-$;2-&A%-IJ<-|R3-4$;
චᆸ ጂᄡЪଛ ӝ֗ᇝᢀ অǶ ! 33
>-ZA; 2.J-2-&/-IA-8A%-#3?-/?; #$-2}=-1-;%-3A-P$?-0:A; 2.J-*A.-1/-?3-5S$?-0:A-$;%-;
੭கˈᗇ⬖ีਹ䗋 Ӓ‫ˈޗ‬䆰⳾ᵝ 㖺㊣ᵝ ᶟˈᗇ䁈ᴻᆻ⑺ᶟ 㖺ˈ 
ᦀᾤǴཱུ኷Шࣚ߸βύǴడคภधϐॣᖂǴ۩ᅽӼ኷ϐᅽ࿢Ǵ!
5K-;A-.%R?-P2-2.$-=-)R=; ,$?-eJ?-$9A$?->A$-5K-.0$-3J.; 0R-B-=-;A-8A%-#3?-?;
޼ᇌ୿ㄩ䚄᣹䝂ˈ ੀᶠ㘂㍠޼⡨ ࿩DŽ᫝ 䚄᣹ᇌ䗋Ӓ䙏ˈ 
ტϐԋ൩፥ϒ‫ך‬Ǵཁൿ៝ຎคໆტǶදߒ܎ϐ߸βύǴ!
*R/-3R%?-.$-s:A-3A%-;%-3J.; ,$?-eJ-1/-?3-5S$?-0:A-$;%-; 3(R$-$A-.%R?-P2-2.$-=-)R=;
⢋㫉䆰⳾਽㖺࿩ˈ ੀᶠᴻᆛ⑺ᶟ 㖺ˈ⿻ Ṭ୿տ䚄᣹䝂ˈ 
ҭคྠඊภधӜǴൿЈ༝ᅈϐᅽ࿢Ǵਸയԋ൩፥ϒ‫ך‬Ǵ!
2lJ-2?-$9A$?->A$-,/-<?-$9A$?; 0E-:R.-GA-8A%-#3?-?; #$-2}=-:#R<-2:A-3A%-;%-3J.;
⭼ေ᚟㍠ี⪎᚟DŽ ᛢ⪚௄ᇴ䗋Ӓ 䙏ˈ䆰 ⳾᪣ေ਽㖺࿩ˈ 
ൿЈ៝ຎᢀШॣǶጪ޸Ӏϐ߸βύǴҭค፺଑ภधӜǴ!
:(A-3J.-5K-;A-<A$-:6B/-$;%-; :):-=?-3#:-,R.-.%R?-P2-)R=; LA/-IA-_R2?->A$-0E-:L%-; 34

Ա࿩޼ᇌᰕӺ㖺ˈ ⭢ੲ૆‫୿ل‬տ 䝂ˈӺ ਹ┿㍠ᛢ⪚චDŽ 

คԝტϐ࡭ܴᅽǴह‫ي‬Չ‫ޜ‬ϐԋ൩Ǵᜫ፥у࡭ጪ޸ғǶ!
3%R/-0<-.$:-2:A-8A%-#3?-?; 8J-#%-:O=-0:A-3A%-;%-3J.; .$:-2.J-1/-?3-5S$?-0:A-$;%-;
୿ᐤದေ䗋Ӓ䙏ˈ ማ⃄ࠪᶟ਽㖺 ࿩ˈా ᗇᴻᆻ⑺ᶟ㖺ˈ 
ܿБ౜഻߸βύǴడคዱ࡟଎ൽӜǴ഻኷༝ᅈϐᅽ࿢Ǵ!
 3J-=R%-;J->J?-.%R?-P2-)R=; LA/-IA?-_R2?->A$-hR-eJ-?J3?; .0=-.%-w/-0:A-8A%-#3?-?;
㖾䲶㙦䅍୿տ䝂ˈ Ӻਹ┿㍠ཊ‫ ہ‬἞DŽᐤ ᫻⓷ᶟ䗋Ӓ䙏ˈ 
ε༝᜔ඵϐԋ൩Ǵᜫ፥у࡭ߎখЈǶ‫ڀ‬ቺӓ౺߸βύǴ!
%-o=-:O=-0:A-3A%-;%-3J.; .0=-;R/-1/-?3-5S$?-0:A-$;%-; 3*3-*A.-;J->J?-.%R?-P2-)R=;
⳾⭢ࠪᶟ਽㖺࿩ˈ ᐤൃᴻᆛ⑺ᶟ 㖺ˈ၈ 㟙㙦䅍୿տ䝂ˈ 
ҭค‫ך‬ᄌ଎ൽӜǴ౺ྷ༝ᅈϐᅽ࿢Ǵѳ฻‫܄‬ඵϐԋ൩Ǵ!
LA/-IA?-_R2?->A$-<A/-(J/-:L%-; 2.J-2-&/-IA-8A%-#3?-?; :.R.-($?-:O=-0:A-3A%-;%-3J.; 35

Ӻਹ┿㍠ӱॳචDŽ ᗇ⬖ีਹ䗋Ӓ 䙏ˈᯇ ᚠࠪᶟ਽㖺࿩ˈ 

ᜫ፥у࡭ᝊғՕǶཱུ኷Шࣚ߸βύǴడค೥ང଎ൽӜǴ!
2.J-*A.-1/-?3-5S$?-0:A-$;%-; ?R<-gR$-;J->J?-.%R?-P2-)R=; LA/-IA?-_R2?->A$-$%-3,:-;?;
ᗇᇴᴻᆻ⑺ᶟ㖺ˈ ᩌ䉶㙦䅍୿տ 䝂ˈӺ ਹ┿㍠೺Ԇ㙦DŽ 
۩ᅽ༝ᅈϐᅽ࿢Ǵ֮ᢀჸඵϐԋ൩Ǵᜫ፥у࡭ߓᔆߒǶ!
=?-<2-mR$?-0:A-8A%-#3?-?; U$-.R$-%<-:6B/-3A%-;%-3J.; 36.-UA/-1/-?3-5S$?-0:A-$;%-;
䴧ᜩཿᶟ䗋Ӓ䙏ˈ ᐞ䉶⳾Ӻ਽㖺 ࿩ˈ䋺 ఄᴻᆻ⑺ᶟ㖺ˈ 
ፏ٣༝ᅈృβύǴҭค༭֪‫୺ך‬ӜǴ٣཰༝ᅈϐᅽ࿢Ǵ!
L-P2-;J->J?-.%R?-P2-)R=; LA/-IA?-_R2?->A$-.R/-;R.-P2; :R$-3A/-(R?-.LA%?-8A%-#3?-?;
⭢ㄩ㙦䅍୿տ䝂ˈ Ӻਹ┿㍠ᮖ⭡ ㄩDŽଖ ᰾৫᱐䗋Ӓ䙏ˈ 
ԋ‫܌‬բඵϐԋ൩Ǵᜫ፥у࡭‫ڀ‬ကԋǶ༫ܴ‫߸ࣚݤ‬βύǴ!
$+A-3$-:O=-0:A-3A%-;%-3J.; 1/-5S$?-s-.%-w/-0:A-$;%-; (R?-.LA%?-;J->J?-.%R?-P2-)R=; 36

ൠᵘ䀨ᶟ਽㖺࿩ˈ ᴻ⑺⳾᫻⓷ᶟ 㖺ˈ৫ ᱐㙦䅍୿տ䝂ˈ 

డค༿࿆ᒱ໶ӜǴ‫ىڀ‬ϖ༝ᅈᅽ࿢Ǵ‫ࣚݤ‬ඵችϐԋ൩Ǵ!
LA/-IA?-_R2?->A$-i3-$%-36.; #3?-s-.$-0:A-;3-(J/-s?; :L%-s:A-2&.-.%-5K-$;%-)R=;
Ӻਹ┿㍠᤯೺䋺DŽ Ӓ⳾䚄䋍䴢ॳ ⳾ˈච ⳾ᐘ᫻޼㖺䝂DŽ
ᜫ፥у࡭ᱻᐽՕǶϖࣚమృϖՕ҆Ǵ፥ϒϖε๧ტᅽǶ!
 AR-o/-3=-0:A-8A%-#3?-/?; ;J->J?-35S-o=-D-!A:A-5S$?; $?%-}$?-92-3R-(R?-GA-$;%-;
⛿ีㄩᶟ䗋Ӓ‫ ˈޗ‬㙦䅍⑺⭢ᵝ䁈 ⑺ˈẁ ⳾᫂᪨৫ᇴ㖺ˈ 
ਜ਼ߎ‫܌‬ϯ߸βύǴ
Ȩओ഻௛჏ȩ‫ޜ‬Չ౲Ǵࣗుஏ‫ݤڣ‬ᅽ࿢Ǵ!
2.J-!R%-l=-:LR%?-.%R?-P2-)R=; $%-YA.-]-3:A-.GA=-:#R<-/?; 2!:-2o.-]-3:A-z-5S$?-GA?;
ᗇᶡ्ච୿տ䝂DŽ ೺㍠ஷ࿩䠁᪣ ‫ ాˈޗ‬ትஷ࿩᣹⑺ᇴˈ 
ᆒ೯኷‫ޜ‬፥ԋ൩Ƕ࿤ຝৣϐᏝࠤύǴα໺΢ৣҁ൧౲Ǵ!
K$-o-(J/-0R-3(R$-$A-$;%-; 5K-$&A$-?%?-o?-.%R?-P2-)R=; <%-$%-.$-0:A-$8=-;?-/?; 37

ᚠ֣ॳ᫝⿻Ṭ㖺ˈ ޼ᇴẁ‫୿ہ‬տ 䝂DŽ೧ ೺䚄䋍䵎⡪‫ ˈޗ‬

യεЋӑϐᅽ࿢Ǵ፥ϒ΋Ш᛾ԋՕǶԾᡉమృ৐྅ύǴ!
;A-.3-8A-OR:A-z-5S$?-GA?; 3(R$-.%-,/-3R%-.%R?-P2-$;%-; .R/-$*A?-3,<-KA/-.%R?-P2-)R=;
ԕ⮦᚟㲅᣹⑺ᇴˈ ⿻᫻੎㫉୿տ 㖺ˈᮖ 㟙Ԇ㿚୿տ䝂DŽ 
஍ᓉ‫ࡗۻ‬ҁ൧౲ǴӅᆶόӅԋ൩ᅽǴΒճ‫ز‬ഖ፥ԋ൩Ƕ!
 *A->-l-28A:A-$/?-3(R$-/?; .0:-2R-D-!A-o-35S?-2{R<; $?%-2-}$?-GA-LA/-_2?-$;%-;
㟙⿰्᚟‫ ˈޗ⿻ޗ‬ᐤベᵝ਴⭢‫ ׳‬मˈẁ ૷⳾ᇴӺ㠈㖺ˈ 
ΒΜѤϐയೀύǴൎᙅ߿Р‫ޜ‬ՉੇǴ઎ஏ‫ڣ‬ϐу࡭ᅽǴ!
<%-$8/-(A/-PR=-.%R?-P2-)R=; $<-28$?-(R?-{:A-1R-V%-/?; 2!:-22?-(R?-2.$-3(J.-PR$?-%/;
೧䌒᰾ঃ୿տ䝂DŽ ದՁ৫പ兴ᕥ ‫ ాˈޗ‬⡨৫བྷ࠷ঃ྄ˈ 
Ծдዕಥ፥ԋ൩Ƕၹӧ‫يݤ‬৐྅ύǴα໺‫ݤ‬Ьৣл‫׌‬Ǵ!
2*J.-mR$?-z-}$?-9%-:)$-$;%-; 36.-UA/-$R%-:1J=-.%R?-P2-)R=; $%-:.=-3=-0:A-1R-V%-/?; 38

⭼ཿ᣹⳾㚣ާ㖺ˈ 䋺ఄᤡ֙୿տ 䝂DŽ⑟ 䆰ㄩᶟ兴ᕥ‫ ˈޗ‬

ғ༝൧‫ڣ‬ᚈၮᅽǴ٣཰ᑫ౰፥ԋ൩Ƕᒿᐒፓϯ৐྅ύǴ!
(R?-*R%-3-3$R/-t3-S=-i3?; :UA/-=?-i3-28A-:P2-0:A-$;%-; 3%R/-,R.-/?-3,:A-.%R?-P2-)R=;
৫ච俜┮ሷᵝ䛓ˈ ఄ䴧᤯᚟տᶟ 㖺ˈ୿ ‫ࣚل‬ੀ୿տ䝂DŽ 
Ьӽៈ‫ݤ‬л‫ۂ‬౲ǴѤ٣ԋᒤϐᅽ࿢Ǵ࠶౓ૈΚ፥ԋ൩Ƕ!
 >-ZA; t%-=R-&/-IA-$/?-3(R$-/?; /R<-2.$-A#-6)-S-=; ~A%-eJ?-:PR-2:A-.R/-!/-36.;
੭கˈ⊏┿ีਹ‫ˈޗ⿻ ޗ‬䄮བྷ䱯 䳵㯿ᐤ ᣹ˈሗᶠঃေᮖᛳ 䋺ˈ 
ᦀᾤǴ࢛ယ৐ϐയೀύǴ଄ઓဃ‫ޣ‬ᙒЃ܎ǴᒤፏൿЈճ౲٣Ǵ!
5K-2?R.-9?-/R<-$;%-$A-2.$; :#R<-.%-;%-:#R<-2&?-0-i3?; }R/-IA-,$?-.3-3-$;J=-2<;
޼㍒ማ䄮ᨊṬབྷˈ ᪣᫻㖺᪣ӻᐤ ইˈ୿ ਹੀ⮦俜㙦૷ˈ 
ტቺ१଄ᅽ࿢ЬǴିӕ౱ឦᆶᒿவǴವᏮ۳‫ܯ‬ϐᇣ‫ق‬Ǵ!
:PR-=-,$?-eJ:A-2lJ<-.$R%?-=; 5K-$;%-,3?-&.-:.A<-)R=-&A$; b%-28A-K$?-GA-$;%-)R=-&A$; 39

ঃ᣹ੀᶠ䋺᭫᣹ˈ ޼㖺⒟ӻ䘚䝂 䀸DŽዑ ᚟⿻ᇴ㖺䝂䀸ˈ

ൿЈኈ‫ۺ‬ፏ౲ғǴ‫ܭ‬Ԝᜫ፥ፏტᅽǶᜫ፥Ѥ‫࣊ى‬੬ᅽǴ!
M<-8A%-3IR$?-0-g-;A-$;%-; :.R.-.$-:L%-2-/R<-IA-$;%-; :1J=-!R2?-w/-0-=$-$A-$;%-;
ᢝ䗋ቡᐤབྷԕ㖺ˈ ᯇ᭵ච૷䄮ਹ 㖺ˈ֙ 䉶⓷ᐤ䐟Ṭ㖺ˈ 
Ꮯِ੯Ⴍଭᅽ࿢Ǵᕇள‫܌‬ట଄ᅽ࿢Ǵ‫ڀ‬ᕷ෗ΚԲᅽ࿢Ȃġ
 K$?-GA-P%?-5/-<-;A-$;%-; /R<-IA-29%-24/-36S-;A-$;%-; :.R.-:)R:C-2-.%-\%-$A-$;%-;
⿻ᇴᕥ৳ᜩԕ㖺ˈ 䄮ਹẁሺ䎠ԕ 㖺ˈᯇ ѵᐤ᫻䛾Ṭ㖺ˈ 
࣊੬ኧᜪξԲᅽǴ଄ϐ፣ቺ䮸ФᅽǴӵཀᅈᜫ໳ФᅽǴ!
,J$-(J/-#<-2-SJ::A-$;%-; ,3?-&.-:.A-<-$;%-.-=J/; 36K?->A%-;A.-:R%-.<-92-$;%-;
⢩ॳハ૷䙉ቻ㖺ˈ ⒟ӻ䘚ྲ㖺䆰 ᓹDŽ䋺 䗋ԕ㗱䚄᫂㖺ˈ 
ၩॄε४៣ᅽ࿢Ǵӄ೽‫ܭ‬Ԝ‫ڙ‬ᅽ࿢Ƕऍӳ৹ཀํᆞᅽǴ!
<A/-,%-(J-2-$?J<-.%=-$;%-; ?-2&.-:V?-S$-:V-;A-$;%; <A/-(J/-/R<-.LA$?-o/-IA-$;%-; 40

ӱ⒟࠷૷⪏❑㖺ˈ 㯙ᐘ䙉ㄩѫԕ 㖺ˈӱ ॳ䄮ᇌีਹ㖺ˈ 

ሽॶܳ຦ߎሌᅽǴӦΚϤ݀⟻ᅽ࿢Ǵࣔᝊ଄ୱႬᅽ࿢Ǵ!
<R-2o-w/-0-29:-2+%-$;%-; ,3?-&.-:.A-<-$;%-.-=J/; !J%-KR$?-5%?-0-z-;A-$;%-;
㤕⭢⓷ᐤ᫂ᶡ㖺ˈ ⒟ӻ䘚ྲ㖺䙏 ᓹDŽ⓷ ⿻‫ع‬ᐤ᣹ԕ㖺ˈ 
‫ىڀ‬ԭ‫ښ‬१໯ᅽǴӄ೽‫ܭ‬Ԝ‫ڙ‬ᅽ࿢Ƕ΢Б఍Ϻઓᅽ࿢Ǵ!
2<-KR$?-z-YA/-$*/-IA-$;%-; :R$-KR$?-[-$;%-;A.-28A/-/R<; YA.-$?3-z-3A:A-.0=-:LR<-$;%-;
ᐤ⿻᣹䗋ᒤਹ㖺ˈ ‫⿻ڦ‬䐟㖺ᇌᯠ 䄮ˈ㍠ ᆻ᣹㊣ᐤቡ㖺ˈ 
ύ໔ઓଲ֯ᅽ࿢ǴΠБᓪᅽӵཀᝊǴΟࣚϺΓၗ଄ᅽǴ!
,3?-&.-:.A-<-$;%-.-=J/; =?-:1$?-0R-;A-$9$?-29%-$;%-; :63-2-\A%-$A-.3-(R?-$;%-;
⒟ӻ䘚ྲ㖺䆰ᓹDŽ ੲᑅ᫝ᇌ؇ẁ 㖺ˈ㯿 ᐳ᷇Ṭ⃄৫㖺ˈ 
ӄ೽‫ܭ‬Ԝ‫ڙ‬ᅽ࿢Ƕဃ‫ࢪي‬ϐ๓‫ي‬ᅽǴᘳ೽ࢪϐ҅‫ݤ‬ᅽǴ!
2-=%-,R.-GA-.!R<-/R<-$;%-; 1-3A-~/-IA-5K-<A%-$;%-; \A%-28A-\A%-U/-*J-:PR-;A; 41

ᐤ䛾‫ل‬ᇴ㤏䄮㖺ˈ ᵝ㊣ᒤਹ޼ӱ 㖺ˈ᷇ ᚟᷇ఄ⭼ঃᇌˈ 

Ф೤ࢪϐ଄൤ᅽǴᖂό৹ࢪߏტᅽǴѤࢪλࢪ౲ғϐǴ!
5K-2?R.-.2%-,%-$;%-.-=J/; o-$<-o=-0R:A-(R?-YA.-$;%-; o-/$-o=-0R:C-3%:-,%-$;%-;
޼㍒ᰪ⒟㖺䆰ᓹDŽ ⭢ా֣н৫㍠ 㖺ˈ⭢ ᤯֣нᘉ⒟㖺ˈ 
ტᅽ៾Κ‫ڙ‬ᅽ࿢ǶӑࡋЦϐ‫ࡹݤ‬ᅽǴύ୯ࣤࡆ៾༈ᅽǴ!
 !$-$9A$-o=-0R:C-/R<-$;%-.%-; $J-?<-o=-0R:A-.3$-$;%-.%-; .2-.!<-@R<-IA-.0:-$;%-i3?;
བྷ㌫֣н䄮㖺᫻ˈ ㎖㯙֣нჭ㖺 ᫻ˈ❑ ాਾਹᐤ㖺᤯ˈ 
‫ݢ‬ථЦϐ଄ᅽ࿢Ǵ਱ᙓЦϐैᅽ࿢Ǵқ२ᓅᅟ߿ᅽ࿢Ǵ!
,3?-&.-:.A-<-$;%-.-=J/; 3,R-2-.$%-$A-3,R-$;%-.%-; .3:-2-?-;A-2g/-$;%-.%-;
⒟ӻ䘚ྲ㖺䆰ᓹDŽ 䘿૷ᐕṬ䘿㖺 ᫻ˈჭ ૷㯙ᇌ⓷㖺᫻ˈ
ӄ೽‫ܭ‬Ԝ‫ڙ‬ᅽ࿢ǶଯၲϺϐଯᅽ࿢Ǵե࿖Ӧϐᛙ‫ڰ‬ᅽǴ!
3A-/R<-9?-$R?-1/-5S$?-$;%-; 2N$-.%-$9A-3.%?-=R%?-,R.-$;%-; $R-35S/-.0:-l=-m-:U=-$;%-; 42

㊣䄮ಫਔᴻ⑺㖺ˈ ᵝ᫻⍇⮦䲶‫ ل‬㖺ˈ㤏 ᶁᐤ्䱫ࠪ㖺ˈ 

Γ଄Պ१༝ᅈᅽǴӀறϺ੧‫ڙ‬ҔᅽǴㅆᏔ࠶ΚЄᡂᅽǴ!
#J-$R.-:6B/-0-<2-L%-$;%-; .0:-l=-!R2?->$?-2-5:A-$;%-; 36K?-24/-:6S3?-0-3R-24/-$;%-;
ᗇᙂӺᐤᜩච㖺ˈ ᐤ्䉶⿰н޺ 㖺ˈ䋺 ሺቡᐤ᪨ሺ㖺ˈ 
Ᏹᙒ࿶‫ޣ‬рৎᅽǴ߿‫מ‬Κໆη৊ᅽǴऍӟᆫ཮ӟӲᅽǴ!
 HR-<A$?-w/-0-YA.-GA-$;%-; ,3?-&.-:.A-<-$;%-.-=J/; ><-IA-KR$?-/?-5K-$;%-i3?;
⿻ᰕ⓷ᐤ㍠ᇴ㖺ˈ ⒟ӻ䘚ྲ㖺䆰 ᓹDŽ༿ ਹ⿻‫޼ޗ‬㖺᤯ˈ 
‫تىڀ‬ᅇឪࡹᅽǴӄ೽‫ܭ‬Ԝ‫ڙ‬ᅽ࿢ǶٰԾܿБፏტᅽǴ!
*A-^-28A/-.-:(<-28A/-LR/; zR-;A-KR$?-/?-5K-$;%-i3?; zR-3A/-28A/-.-:52?->A%-LR/;
ቬ䚄䗋䆰ᚠ䗋⏃˗ ┿ᇌ⿻‫޼ޗ‬㖺 ᤯ˈ┿ ⵏ䗋䆰‫׳‬䗋⏃˗ 
ᆿᖏซӵВДܹǹٰԾࠄБፏტᅽǴᆿᖏซӵࠄ໦ᆫǹ!
/2-GA-KR$?-/?-5K-$;%-i3?; /-2/-28A/-.-:,A2?->A%-LR/; L%-$A-KR$?-/?-5K-$;%-i3?; 43

ᙂᇴ⿻‫޼ޗ‬㖺᤯ˈ ᤯྄䗋䆰ᴯ䗋 ⏃˗⊏ Ṭ⿻‫޼ޗ‬㖺᤯ˈ 

ٰԾՋБፏტᅽǴᆿᖏซӵྟᜦ࿽ǹٰԾчБፏტᅽǴ!
(-2R-28A/-.-:22-&A%-LR/; !J%-$A-KR$?-/?-5K-$;%-i3?; 4%-(<-28A/-.-:2J2?->A%-LR/;
৫ベ䗋䆰⡨Ӻ⏃˗ ⓷Ṭ⿻‫޼ޗ‬㖺 ᤯ˈᕥ ᚠ䗋䆰䋍䗋⏃˗
ᆿᖏซӵࢬНዌǹٰԾ΢БፏტᅽǴᆿᖏซӵಒߘᔰǹ!
:R$-$A-KR$?-/?-5KJ-$;%-i3?; :V?-S$-28A/-.-(A/-&A%-LR/; ~/-.%-P$?-0:A-2!R.-$;%-i3?;
ଖṬ⿻‫޼ޗ‬㖺᤯ˈ 䙉ㄩ䗋䆰᰾Ӻ ⏃˗ᒤ ᫻ᵝᶟᓖ㖺᤯ˈ 
ٰԾΠБፏტᅽǴᆿᖏซӵϤ݀ዕǹᖂӜᇻඦፏᢌᅽǴ!
$;-:V$-28A/-.-P$?->A%-LR/; 2-aR2-<A$?-o.-:.?-0:A-$;%-; {<-UJ%-28A/-.-2N$-&A%-LR/;
␔ㄩ䗋䆰ᵝ䗋⏃˗ 㼌┿ᰕት䆰ᶟ 㖺ˈా ఄ䗋䆰᡾Ӻ⏃DŽ 
ᆿᖏซӵᇇᓪቖǹη‫ࡕ׌‬༓ᆫ໣ᅽǴᆿᖏซӵࢃ໦ᝬǶ!
>-ZA; ><-KR$?-hR-eJ-3#:-:PR-3; 5K-$;%-,3?-&.-:.A<-#$-&A$; /.-$.R/-2<-(.-8A-2<-36S.; 44

੭┍ˈ༿⿻ཊ ᶠᓧঃჭˈ޼ 㖺⒟ӻ䘚ハ 䀸ˈ‫ޗ‬ᮖᤄ࠷᚟૷ ཿDŽ 

ᦀᾤǴܿБߎখ‫ޜ‬Չ҆Ǵᜫፏᅽტє‫ܭ‬ԜǴੰ៥ምᛖࣣ৲ନǶ!
zR-KR$?-<A/-(J/-3#:-:PR-3; 9?-/R<-=R%?-,R.-$;%-#$-&A$; 5K-2?R.-.0=-:LR<-o?-0<-36S.;
┿⿻ӱॳᓧঃ⪚ˈ ಫ䄮䲶‫ل‬㖺ハ 䀸ˈ޼ ㍒ᐤѵ㎀ᐤཿDŽ 
ࠄБᝊғ‫ޜ‬Չ҆Ǵᜫє१଄‫ڙ‬ҔᅽǴტᅽၗ଄஼༝ᅈǶ!
 /2-KR$?-2E-3#:-:PR-3; :#R<-:.?-.2%-#.-$;%-#$-&A$; $%-YA.-.2%-.-:.-2<-36S.;
ᙂ⿻ᛢ⪚ᓧঃ⪚ˈ ᪣⻏ᰪ䆰㖺ハ 䀸ˈ೺ ㍠ᰪ䆰䆰૷ཿDŽ 
ՋБጪ޸‫ޜ‬Չ҆Ǵᜫє፺੓ᚶឪᅽǴ࿤ຝ࠶៾஼ឪ໣Ƕ!
L%-KR$?-=?-GA-3#:-:PR-3; =?-28A:A-:UA/-=?-$;%-#$-&A$; $/R.-LJ.-$.R/-2$J$?-5<-$&R.-36S.;
⊏⿻䴧ᇴᓧঃ⪚ˈ 䴧᚟ఄࡇ㖺ハ 䀸ˈᙂ ӻᮖ㎖ᬖቡཿDŽ 
чБ٣཰‫ޜ‬Չ҆ǴᜫєѤᅿ٣཰ᅽǴբ্ଲ៥஼੃ྐǶ!
/R<-z-5S$?-2.$-:#R<-2&?-GA; :63-\A%-$;%-i3?-:.A<-#$-&A$; K-;=-:.A-<-K-#$-&A$; 45

䄮᣹⑺བྷ᪣ӻᇴˈ 㯿᷇㖺᤯䘚ハ 䀸ˈᚠ ␔䘚ྲᚠハ䀸ˈ

଄ઓᆫЬି౱ឦǴᜫፏШᅽє‫ܭ‬ԜǴᜫӓӂნє‫ܭ‬ԜǴ!
$;%-;=-:.A-=-$;%-#$-&A$; $/?-#%-:.A-=-g$-0<-28$?; $;%-(?-:.A-=-2g/-0<-36S.;
㖺␔䘚᣹㖺ハ䀸ˈ ‫ޗ‬ᓧ䘚᣹བྷᐤ ⿰ˈ㖺 ࠷䘚᣹⓷ᐤཿˈ 
ᜫᅽ࿢ୱє‫ܭ‬ԜǴࡡதΦՐԜՐ‫܌‬Ǵᅽ࿢Ꮤ‫ܭۓڀ‬ԜǴ!
5K-m?-:.A-=-2&.-&A$-1R2; 3A-/R<-:.A-=-Y%-*R2?-36S.; :I<-2-3J.-0<-2g/-28$?-:5=;
޼䋺䘚᣹ᐘ䀸兴ˈ ㊣䄮䘚᣹ᶮᮁ ཿˈት ૷࿩ᐤ⓷⿰ᬖˈ 
ტ‫ނ‬ᆒ๮ပ‫ܭ‬ԜǴӺៈΓ଄‫ܭ‬ԜೀǴࡡΦᛙ‫ڰ‬ό‫ׯ‬ᡂǴ!
:(A-3J.-5K-;A-.%R?-P2-)R=; 9.-3J.-$+J<-IA-.%R?-P2-)R=; 2?R.-/3?-/R<-IA-.%R?-P2-)R=;
Ա࿩޼ᇌ୿տ䝂ˈ ಫ࿩ᗇਹ୿տ 䝂ˈ㍒ ই䄮ਹ୿տ䝂ˈ 
፥ϒคԝტԋ൩Ǵ፥ϒคᅰᙒԋ൩Ǵ፥ϒᅽቺ଄ԋ൩Ǵ!
3(R$-.%-,/-3R%-.%R?-P2-)R=; :2.-3J.-z/-IA?-:P2-0<-36S.; ?j-?A:A-A-=-=-@R; 46

⿻᫻੎㫉୿տ䝂ˈ 䋍࿩ٛਹㄩᐤ ཿˈ㯙 ‫⬖ ނ‬ᚹൠ 䱯᣹᣹৊DŽ 

፥ϒӅόӅԋ൩ǴόമҺၮᕇԋ൩Ǵᙓ ‫ ٽ‬ґ஼Ӧ!ߓ܎܎ࠆǶ!
>J?-2eR.-$;%-:$$?-5<-P%?-.<; :.A-;/-5<-P%?-$%-:P2-L; 2&-$?3-43-/A-%J?-0:A-P%?;
$%-:.R.-2~J/-0-.J-28A/-2^?; .%R?-P2-i3-$*A?-M<-.-,R2; ?-3-;; o-o-o;
ӵࢂ ‫ۺ‬ᇝ‫ܕ‬ᅽ ӭԛǶа ΢୦ᇝҺ ՖԛኧǴ ዴჴ୦ऊΜΟ ԛǴ!
ӵࢂ ୦ᇝ‫܌‬ట ‫؃‬Ǵِೲ ᕇளΒԋ ൩ǶΟࢁ ओǶҢ࠾ӑǶ ġ
 .J-/?-5K-$;%-.2%-28A-=J/; 2#-<A3-eJ?-GA-L-2:R; 3A-PR=-.?-/A-2g/-28$?-L; .J-/?-.2%-28A-=J/-0-/A;
ฅࡕ ሦ‫ڙ‬ტᅽ ѤឲഗǴ ࣁԏឪԛ ಃϐࡕբ ཰ΨǶӧ҂ᇝ ֹϐ߻୦ ߏტࣹፎ ЎǶฅࡕ ሦ‫ڙ‬Ѥឲ ഗ‫ޣ‬Ƕ!

<-=>; {-$?3-]-3-5K-;A-z; AR-o/-3#:-:PR-/R<-z:A-5S$?; 2.$-.%-{=-w/-aR2-3-=;

఑୺੭ˈപᆻஷో ޼ᇌ᣹ˈ⛿ี ᓧঃ䄮 ᣹⑺ˈ䚄᫻ా⓷┿ ௾᣹ˈ 
༗ୟᦀǴΟ‫ي‬΢ৣტϐ൧Ǵਜ਼ߎ‫ޜ‬Չ଄ઓ౲Ǵ‫ך‬ᆶ‫ڀ‬ጔ‫׌‬η౲Ǵ!
.2%-28A-2{<-2<-36.-.-$?R=; {-;A-.2%-3(R$-=?-=-2{<; $8R3-3J.-hR-eJ:A-{-,R2->R$; 47

ᰪ᚟ՠ૷䋺䆰ᩌDŽ പᇌᰪ⿻ੲ᣹ ՠˈ䳴 ࿩ཊᶠപ䘿⿰˗ 

ࣹፎ፥ϒѤឲഗǶ‫ي‬ϐയឲ፥ϒ‫ي‬Ǵᜫ᛾คᄛߎখ‫ي‬ǹ!
$?%-$A-.2%-3(R$-%$-=-2{<; 5%?-.L%?-S$-&:A-.2%-,R2->R$; ,$?-GA-.2%-3(R$-;A.-=-2{<;
ᶮṬᰪ⿻⳾᣹ՠˈ ‫ع‬ᨊㄩትᰪ䘿 ⿰˗ੀ ᇴᰪ⿻ᇌ᣹ՠˈ 
ᇟϐയឲ፥ϒᇟǴᜫ᛾ϤΜ֮఍ॣǹཀϐയឲ፥ϒཀǴ!
 *J-3J.-3R?-V=-.2%-,R2->R$; {-$?3-z/-P2-.R/-IA-.2%-; %R-2R-*A.-{:A-.2%-,R2->R$;
⭼࿩⨐ᵝᰪ䘿⿰˗ പᆻٛㄩᮖਹ ᰪˈ㗱 ベ㟙പᰪ䘿⿰˗ 
ᜫᕇคғᚆᔍឲǹΟ‫ي‬ҺၮကឲഗǴᜫᕇ੿ӵ‫ي‬ឲഗǹ !
.$-$?3-{-$?3-3%R/-I<-0:A; ]-3-{-$?3-.2%-,R2->R$; .$-s-;J->J?-s<-><-2:A;
∂ᆻപᆻ୿ትᶟˈ ஷోപᆻᰪ䘿 ⿰˗∂ ⳾㙦䅍⳾༿ေˈ 
ᜫᕇΟࢥ౜᛾ϐǴ΢ৣΟ‫ي‬ϐឲഗǹᜫᕇϖࢥ౜ϖඵǴ!
5K-z-<A$?-s:A-.2%-,R2->R$; :(A-3J.-;J->J?-=?-,R2-0:C; AR-o/-3#:-:PR:A-.2%-,R2->R$; 48

޼᣹ᰕ⳾ᰪ䘿⿰˗ Ա࿩㙦䅍ੲ䘿 ᶟˈ⛿ ีᓧঃᰪ䘿⿰˗

ტ൧ϖ೽ϐឲഗǹᜫᕇคԝඵች‫ي‬Ǵਜ਼ߎ‫ޜ‬Չϐឲഗǹ!
3(R$-,/-:2.-3J.-z/-P2-0:A; 6)-.!<-;2-;3-.2%-,R2->R$; 9?-/R<-.0=-:LR<-1/-5S$?-0:C;
⿻੎䋍࿩ٛտᶟˈ 㯿ా䳵䴢ᰪ䘿 ⿰˗ಫ 䄮ᐤѵᴻ⑺ᶟˈ 
ᜫᕇคമҺၮԋǴയӅқ଄Р҆ឲǹᜫᕇ१଄࿢Ҕ༝Ǵ!
/R<-z-$+J<-2.$-.2%-,R2->R$; :#R<-2:A-#$-2}=-=?-PR=-2:A; K$-o-(J/-0R:A-.2%-,R2->R$;
䄮᣹ᗇབྷᰪ䘿⿰˗ ᪣ေ∂⳾䴧ঃ ေˈᚠ ֣ॳᶟᰪ䘿⿰˗ 
଄ઓ৤Ьϐឲഗǹှಥ፺଑ϐภधǴᜫᕇεЋӑឲഗǹ!
3-<A$-:O=-$%-;J-.$-0:A; <%-<A$-(R?-{:A-.2%-,R2->R$; :#R<-:.?-(R?-!/-;J-.$-0:A;
俜ᰕࠪ೺ཌབྷᶟˈ ೧ᰕ৫പᰪ䘿 ⿰˗᪣ ᗇ৫ᛳཌབྷᶟˈ 
คܴ໶ຝҁٰృǴᜫᕇԾܴ‫يݤ‬ឲǹ፺੓࿤‫ݤ‬ҁٰృǴ!
mR$?-0-(J/-0R:C-.2%-,R2->R$; g$-(.-3,:-28A-<%-PR=-2:A; .2-3-(J/-0R:C-.2%-,R2->R$; 49

ཿᐤॳᶟᰪ䘿⿰˗ བྷ࠷Ԇ᚟೧ঃ ေˈቻ ⪚ॳᶟᰪ䘿⿰˗ 

ᜫᕇε༝ᅈឲഗǹதᘐѤᜐԾှಥǴᜫᕇεύၰឲഗǹ!
5-2?3-2eR.-=?-:.?-0-;A; >J?-<2-1<-KA/-.2%-,R2->R$; $*A?-:6B/-2$-($?-<%-PR=-2:A;
ჭẁቡ䴧ᗇᐤᇌˈ 䅍ᜩᑅ㿚ᰪ䘿 ⿰˗㟙 Ӻᤄᚠ೧ঃေˈ 
ᜫᕇᇟࡘຬ‫ق‬၍Ǵ૓ऩ‫ݢ‬ᛥᇋឲഗǹΒ୺ಞ਻ԾှಥǴ!
:6B/-3J.-H2-$.=-.2%-,R2->R$; .LA%?-<A$?-:1R-:I<-3J.-0-;A; :(A-3J.-5K-;A-.2%-,R2->R$;
Ӻ࿩ᚠ䚄ᰪ䘿⿰˗ 䗾ᰕ兴ት࿩ᐤ ᇌˈԱ ࿩޼ᇌᰪ䘿⿰˗
ᜫᕇค୺‫܄ݤ‬ឲǹؒԖᡂᎂ‫ࣚݤܭ‬Ǵᜫᕇคԝტឲഗǹ!
2?R.-/3?-9.-3,:-3J.-0-;A; 5K-$&A$-?%?-o?-.2%-,R2->R$;
㍒ইಫԆ࿩ᐤᇌˈ ޼䀸ẁ‫ہ‬ᰪ䘿 ⿰DŽ 
คԖᜐሞϐᅽቺǴᜫᕇ΋ШԋՕឲǶ!
50

&J?-0?-$+R<-3-,A-2R<-28$; 5K-<A=-5K-(%-MR%-/?-/A; $;%-m?-=$-+-,R$?-/?-?; 3R?-]R-w/-0?-:.A-{.-.R;

ӵࢂ ஒ१η࿼ ‫ܭ‬ᓐഗǴ ᓳტΤტ ଚςǴ‫ ܕ‬ᅽ‫ނ‬௙࿼Ћύ Ǵ૧Јӵ ࢂ⮄ᇝǶ !
>-ZA; {-$?3-]-3-5K-;A-z; AR-o/-3#:-:PR-/R<-z:A-5S$?; <%-$A-=?-%$-;A.-$?3-.%-;
੭கˈപᆻஷో޼ ᇌ᣹ˈ⛿ีᓧ ঃ䄮䴧 ⑺ˈ೧Ṭੲ⳾ᇌᆻ ᫻ˈ 
ᦀᾤǴΟ‫ي‬΢ৣტϐ൧Ǵਜ਼ߎ‫ޜ‬Չ଄ઓ౲ǴրϐΟߐ‫ي‬αཀǴ!
 5K-gJ/-12-m?-:.A-i3?-=; 3#:-=-3A/-v<-,A3-0-v<; (-=-(-28$-v-2<-I<;
޼⓷ㄩ䋺䘚ই᣹ˈ ૆᣹ⵏᩝ㚭ᐤ བྷˈ৫ ᣹৫༿བྷнትˈ 
Ԝፏ‫܌‬٩অტ‫ނ‬Ǵซӵ຀‫ޜ‬໦ᑼΕǴНࢬΕ‫ܭ‬Нύ૓Ǵ!
.3A$?-3J.-H2-$.=-[R%-.-A;
ᇶ࿩ᚠ䚄䲶䆰୺DŽ 
คጔ‫܄ޜ‬ୱύȨୟȩǶ!
51

3-;J%?-%%-.-zR.-=-8R$; *J-3J.-.LA%?-?-K=-IA?-,R%?; 3R?-V=-%%-.-,=-=J-8R$; $8R3-8A$-V=-2:A-o?-$.2-2R; ?-3-;; o-o-o;

᚞࿼ ӧค෹ᡏ ‫܄‬ύǴค ғࣚύ‫ـ܄ ޜ‬ǴӼ Րᚆᔍค፿‫ ܄‬Ǵคёᄛ ྄࠾ӑύ ǶΟࢁओ ǶҢ࠾ӑ Ƕ !
!
2}R-2-(R/-=3-:.A-v<-2eR.
ӵԜ ୦ᇝ଑ӛ ᜫЎǶ!
!
>-ZA; .?-$?3-.?-3J.-.$J-2-:.A?; :PR-i3-.2=-1R%-2NJ?-{R3-IA; #$-2}=-,3?-&.-<2-8A-/?;
੭கˈ䆰ᆻ䆰࿩㎖ ૷䘚ˈঃইቻ ᖝ䙉ᐕ ਹˈ∂⳾⒟ӻᜩ᚟ ‫ ˈޗ‬
ᦀᾤǴΟШคਔԜ๓཰Ǵ౲ғ೦ጁᆶବ෰Ǵ΋Ϫภध৲ନςǴ!
:.R.-.$-=R%?-,R.-1/-5S$?-/?; 3,<-,$-2.J-(J/-8A%-#3?-?; AR-o/-$%-2-3,:-;?-GA;
䆰᭵䲶‫ل‬ᴻ⑺‫ ˈޗ‬Ԇੀᗧॳ䗋Ӓ 䙏ˈ⛿ ี೺૷Ԇ㙦ᇴˈ 
‫܌‬ట‫ڙ‬Ҕ༝ᅈςǴ‫ز‬ഖε኷߸βύǴߓᔆߒՕਜ਼ߎβǴ!
$R-:1%-.3-0-M<-,R2-/?; KA<-3A-wR$-0:A-?-,R2->R$; 52

㤏㜆⃄ᐤᢝ䘿‫ ˈޗ‬Ա㊣䉶ᶟ㯙䘿 ⿰DŽ 
҅๓݀ՏೲᕇςǴோᜫ᛾ளόଏӦǶ!
=?-$8%-28A/-.-mR$?-0:R; ?-3-;; o-o-o;
ӵࢂ ҅Ў༝ᅈ ΨǶΟࢁ ओǶҢ࠾ ӑǶ!

̚Ҽ 0а 0ᒤ᱕ ˈ㹼㘵Პ 㡏䳘㹼 ㅜ‫ޛ‬цದ ॳӱ⌒࠷ ᯬ㖾഻ ⍋ᵹ⼟ᱲ ᡰ᚝䆟DŽ 䌒ழਹ⾕ DŽ̚

 !, , :63-\A%-8A-2.J:A-(R/-=3, ,

ц⭼઼ᒣ予᮷

!, *2?-$/?-2a-3J.-.!R/-3(R$-l-2-$?3, H.-0<-$%?-&/-3$R/-0R-,/-<?-$9A$?,
ᷦ‫ޗ‬䐟࿩ᛳ⿻᡾૷ ᆻˈ࠷ᐤ⑟ቆ ┮᫝ี ⪎᚟ˈ 
คු௱ೀΟᝊΟਥҁǴЀ‫ځ‬ഓୱ᪷ЬᢀШॣǴ!
53
eJ-24/-1R=-3-$-<-0E-:L%-, $?R=-2-:.J2?-?R-,$?-.3-8=-28J?-.$R%?,
ᶠሺঃ⪚ਔྲ䋍⪚ චˈᩌ૷ᗇభ ੀ⮦⪅ 䅍ᐕˈ 
݇൧ࡋ҆εγጪ޸ғǴԿЈࣹፎЈᇣ᪷ࠟ‫ۺ‬Ǵ!
(R/-=3-;R%?-?-:P2-0<-LA/-IA?-_R2?, ~A$?-.?-:PR-i3?-2?3-.R<-=R$-0-.%-,
䮰⎚᫱䙏տᐤӺਹ ┿DŽ㟙䆰ঃই ẁѵ┿ ᐤ᫻ˈ 
ֹӄၲԋࣹᜫࠟу࡭ǶᐜШ౲ғՉࡘதᜬॹǴ ġ
 KA-/%-:L%-2-:O$?-0:A-o-nJ/-IA?, }<-3-P$?-0:A-3A-K$?-.=-;3?-/.,
Ա೺ච૷䀨ᶟትቆ ਹˈ⳾⪚ᵝᶟ ㊣⿻䚄 ᨊ‫ ˈޗ‬
ϣѦεᅿᒱ໶ϐӢጔǴ۳‫ࢬܯ‬໺Γ੬ዥࣝੰǴ!
$9:-[-o=-$.R/-/$-KR$?-:L%-0R:C-$9J<, 24:-?.-?J<-$?3-=R-*J?-.3$-:O$?-lR.,
᫂䐟⭢ᮖ䛓⿻චн ⪏ˈ्⪏⪏ᆻ ⁃⎵們 䀨ཿˈ 
ᘑᓪЦ‫܁‬໵Б೽ӭ੯Ǵ㚉ᗩ႞฻૖ԃᏯ໶઱Ǵ!
(<-(-3A-~R3?-:63-\A%-5-$.%-,/, ?-$;R?-3J-.P-:L%-28A:A-:)A$?-0-.%-, 54

ᚠ৫㊣ᔴ㯿᷇ᬖ⍎ ཙˈ㯙ᴸ࿩ᵝ ච᚟ਹ ᐤ᫻ˈ 

ߘНόፓШ໔Ϻ‫ײؠ‬ǴӦ᎜ОࢢѤεϐ‫ࣙ܀‬Ǵ!
H.-0<-2!/-=-:5K-2:A-3,:-.3$-?R$?, :63-\A%-HR/-:.A<-$/R.-:5K:A-<A$?-3,:-.$
࠷ᐤ⓷᣹޺ေԆ們 భˈ㯿᷇സ䘚 ᙂ޺ᰕ Ԇ䚄ˈ 
Ѐ‫ځ‬Ӓ্Օ௲Ѧஊ฻ǴᅰԜШ໔‫܌‬Ԗፏᅾ্Ǵ!
 M<-.-8A-8A%-l.-/?-:)R3?-I<-&A$ 3A-.%-3A-3A/-:PR-2-3,:-.$-$A
ᢝ䆰᚟䗋䋺‫ޗ‬トት ᇴDŽ㊣᫻㊣᰾ ঃ⬖Ԇ 䚄Ṭˈ 
ோᜫِೲѳ৲ೱਥନǶ‫܌‬ԖΓᆶߚΓ౲ғϐǴ!
o.-=-L%-(2-?J3?-3(R$-<A/-0R-(J, %%-$A?-*J?-/?-$/R.-:5K:A-2?3-.R<-V=,
ት᣹㭓৫἞⿻ӱ⌒ ࠷ˈᰲṬӻ‫ ޗ‬ᙂ޺ẁ ѵᵝˈ 
Јύਸയࣔᝊ๦ගЈǴЈՉҗ૱ᇻᚆ‫্ߟܭ‬Ǵ!
1/-5/-L3?-0:A-?J3?-.%-w/-/?-G%-, :63-\A%-3,:-.2?-2.J-*A.-.0=-IA?-:LR<, 55

⡷ᶁ㭓ᶟ἞᫻⓷‫ˈ⊏ ޗ‬㯿᷇Ԇ❑ ᗇ䀸ᐤ ਹቡˈ 

ۘЪ࣬ϕି‫ڀ‬ϘཁЈǴШ໔ӚೀӼ኷Ъ൤‫ى‬Ǵ!
?%?-o?-2!/-0-.<-o?-;/-$/?->R$ l-$?3-o=-2-Y?-2&?-2.J/-0:A-!R2?,
ẁ‫⓷ہ‬ᐤ䚄⭼䴢‫⿰ ޗ‬DŽ᡾ᆻ⭢૷ ⪏ӻ⓷ ᶟ䉶ˈ 
٠ᜫՕ௲ᑫ౰ЪߏՐǶΟਥፏՕ๦ᙓ੿ᒅΚǴ!
 :#R<-:.?-.$J-2:A-l-2-$%-3(A?-.%-, 2.$-&$-z$-2?3-i3-0<-.!<-2:A-3,?,
᪣ᗇ㎖ေ᡾૷⑟Ա ᫻ˈ䚄ᷦ㠈ẁ ইᐤా ေੀˈ 
ҺΥ‫܌‬Ԗ፺䙎ፏ๓ਥǴ‫ך‬฻ཀ኷қ๓ృ࣬ΚǴ!
$?R=-2+2-(R/-0:A-:V?-2-:P2-I<-&A$,
ᩌབྷ䮰ᶟ䙉❑տት 䀸DŽ 
ோᜫၲԋࣹᜫϐ҅݀Ƕ!
ġ
56
ġ

2R.-;=-2.J-2:A-(R/-=3-:.A-*A.-:63-\A%-2.J-2:A-(R/-=3-.-$?-3$<-3=-.!R/-3(R$-o=-35/-IA?-8=-2+<-L?-0-=$?-/,
*J?-:$=-&A-:(A?-]-3-z-=-2>$?,,
ಃΖШᏚίϘ‫ݢ‬ϪᒃҢஒࣹᜫՋᙒ‫ک‬ѳǴ‫ࣹࣁׯ‬ᜫШࣚ‫ک‬ѳǴऩԖၴၸǴӛ΢ৣ൧ख़ᝍ৷Ƕ!

̚ Ҽ00ҍᒤ㹼㘵Პ㡏ཹㅜ‫ޛ‬цದॳӱ⌒࠷ѻ䄝᚝䆟ᯬ㖾഻ದॳ䰌ᡯDŽ䌒ழਹ⾕DŽ ̚
 !, ,,/-<?-$9A$?-$?R=-:.J2?, ,
㿰 丣㨙㯙⽸䃻᮷

K$-!R%-:#R<-=R-+<-2:A-o=-0R-!R%-, ,,/-!R%-2{=-0-29%-0R:C-?%?-o?-!R%-, ,
ᚠᶡ᪣ ‫┿ ނ‬ት ‫ ނ‬ေ֣᫝ᶡˈॳᶡాᐤẁ ᫝ẁ‫ہ‬ᶡˈ 
ίЋίՏᙯ፺ϐဃЦǴί౳ί൧፣նϐՕߒǴ! 57
/3-3#:-v-2-H2-0:A-2lJ-2-&/, ,?J3?-.0:-,/-<?-$9A$?-=-$?R=-2-:.J2?, ,
ই૆བྷ੮ᚠ䋍䙉⬖ ีˈ἞ᐤี⪎ ᚟᣹ਏ ⬖ᗇDŽ 
‫ىڀ‬ൿЈၹᅈӵ຀‫ޜ‬Ǵᢀॣ๦ᙓ൧߻‫ࣹך‬ፎǶ!

↔㿰丣䇊᮷ѳㅜ‫ޛ‬цದॳӱ⌒࠷ᯬҼOO‫ޛ‬ᒤॱҼᴸᡰ᫠DŽ

ཹㅜ‫ޛ‬цದॳӱ⌒࠷ѻ᜿ᰘˈ㹼㘵Პ㡏᚝䆟↔䇊᮷ᯬ㖾഻ದॳ䰌ᡯҼOаOᒤ᱕DŽ䌒ழਹ⾕DŽ
 <A$?-S$-1R=-LJ.-1<-KA/-S$-$A-~A%-0R-/A,
ှ ಥ Ϥ ၰ ϐ Ϥ ‫ ݢ‬ᛥ ᇋ Ј ा ;!

<-3-EA-0EJ->-ZA:
఑ ⪚ቬ䋍㖾੭ц

.$J-2-:.A-;A?-M<-.-2.$ ,,/-<?-$9A$?-.2%-:P2-I<-/?, ,
58
㎖૷䘚ᇌ㍀ ‫ ނ‬ᓖ䚄炻ี⪎ ᚟ᰪㄩ ‫ ނ‬ት ‫ޗ ނ‬炻 
ᜫ‫ِך‬ೲаԜ๓Ǵԋ൩ᢀॣԾӧςǴ!
:PR-2-$&A$-G%-3-=?-0, ,.J-;A-?-=-:$R.-0<->R$ ,
ঃ૷䀸ሷ⪚ᖻᐤ 炻ᗇᇌ㯙᣹ मᐤ ‫⿰ ނ‬ˤ
ᅰፏ౲ғ΋คᎩǴ஼ࣣӼ࿼۶ϐӦǶ!
!
ԕк ‫؞‬䃖᮷ѳ ㅜ‫ޛ‬цದ ॳӱ⌒࠷ ᡰ㎀䳶ˈ і䌌਽⛪lj࡙ ′⭈䵆NJ ˈᲞ㡏⌅ ᑛ㘫䆟DŽ
ሱ䶒 ѻ㯿᮷㥹 ᴨᴨ਽ѳ ದॳӱ⌒ ࠷㿚ㅶᨀ ᆇDŽ 
!
 

ႀᒦൌი൵‫ߝޱ‬ჰइ፜М

$%?-<A-<-2?-2{R<-2:A-8A%-#3?-?, ,1/-.%-2.J-2-3-=?-:L%-2:A-$/?, ,
⑟ᰕᜩေ᪣ေ㹼ᓧ䙏ˈ⡷⮦ᗇ૷⪚ᖻචေ‫ˈޗ‬
‫ܭ‬Ԝഓୱ‫܌‬ᙅ୯βύǴ΋Ϫճ੻Ӽ኷ϐࢨྍǴ!
,/-<?-$9A$?-.2%-2!/-:6B/-o-35S-;A, ,82?-0.-YA.-3,:A-2<-.-2g/-I<-&A$ ,
59
ี⪎᚟ᰪ⓷䠁హ⑺ᇌˈᲷ䋍㍠⢩ᐤ䆰⓷ት㌰DŽ
ྏࢭ჏௛ᢀШॣ๦ᙓǴᜫ൧தՐ‫ޔ‬ԿғԝᅰǶ!
!

! !
 ‫ޢ‬ଓᅠᜓ‫ݲ‬дߝჰइ፜Мġ
.!R/-3(R$-!/-:.?->G-?J;J-;A, ,2!/-0-:6B/-&A%-%J=-2:A-2.$-*A.-(J, ,
ᛳ⿻ᛳ䆰༿࣐‫ܗ‬㎖ᇌˈ⓷ᐤᘾӺ䋍⛪䚄ቬ࠷ˈ
୺ඓѶඦΟᝊᕴ໣ϐǴញोৣη௲‫ݤ‬εဃ፣Ǵ!
!/-29%-,R.-0?-:PR-:SJ/-UA/-=?-3(R$ ,z/-P2-eJ-24/-]-3:A-82?-2g/-$?R=, ,
ᛳẁ‫ل‬䋍ঃ⧽ఄ䴧⿻ˈٛ⨐ᶠሺ᣹࿩ؐ⓷ਏDŽ
ද፣ՉᏤ౲ғയ٣཰ǴҺၮԋ൩Ꮴৣტ҉‫ڰ‬Ƕ!
!
60
‫ޢ‬ଓᛝᜓ‫ݲ‬дߝჰइ፜Мġ
.!R/-3(R$-$?3-IA-2.$-*A.-:VA-$%-0:A, ,2!/-0-:6B/-=-^-V=-,$?-2*J.-3,?, ,
ᛳ⿻ᆛਹ䚄ቬⴤ䋒ᐤˈ⓷ᐤ⍕᣹䚄ᵝੀ⭼ੀˈ
คаউКൿᜫวЈΚǴ୺ඓΟᝊԾ‫ޔ܄‬ଅ‫ݤ‬Ǵ
.3-0:A-(R?-GA-8A-2?A=-$%-2-;A?, ,*J-c:A-.2$?-:LA/-3(R$-$A-82?-2g/-$?R=, ,
唘䋍৫䀸䥛㌫೺૷ᇌˈӻ᭵ᛏ⍕⿻Ṭؐ⓷ਏDŽ !
ྣᝬ҅‫ݤ‬஍ᓉమథӀǴ౲ғኃ᪷൧‫ޣ‬ტ҉‫ڰ‬Ƕ!
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↔㿰丣㨙㯙ᗳૂѳ᡾ాӱ⌒࠷ѻ໘ሦDŽ


 61

Ḕ孖営柚䙣柚媑㗵Ɲ

ரʈʙNHᜩʐʔUDᗇʃʙGHචʊʣʟMRQJ
䙉ʍʙG]HᛳʇʢʝJXQᰕʐʡUL⪏ʓʙVH
䄮ʅʛQR৳ʒʝWVHQӱʐʡʝULQ᫝ɿʛER
!
ᝏ䅍ದॳӱ⌒࠷ǃದ଴ஷోǃ๚ᐳቬ⪚ሷఄǃ䱯ቬẁ⓷ǃ:LOOLDP&KHQѻᤷሾǃṑई㠷঄ࣙDŽ
㐘䕟ǃ㯿丣䕨‫˖ޕ‬ཙ㡎䕟䆟ሿ㍴DŽᤷ↓䃻࠭㠣˖sky-dance@hotmail.com
2015/05/12!ӄṑDŽ予кᑛйሦ≨տцˈ࡙⭏һᾝ❑䱫⽉ˈ䘤ੁབྷᛢབྷ㨙ᨀDŽ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Џำྰˢ୏Ў ěճԼ౲˻ཬျϨ൳
̅çѮЉҿʪᙋʕЏ ‫ڏ‬çᝳࡖ൙ᕆౚ‫ۮ‬Ӎ߬
࿌ᇭçˋٕ˝ཤ̪‫ؠ‬ ቁéĜ˃ᔩ᝿߬ቁ́ç
౲୦໵‫ݶ‬ˀ͚çϯ໯ ᔩ᝿ᝳࡖ൙ᕆϨ൳‫ڏ‬৆
̙ٗ‫ؽ‬ᗸʸͥႩ˴ౚ ཬќɾ˝è೷ளʿϚ˃
˙̟è́Ͼ˙̟ЭԽ ʨ౲˻ç౲˻൳‫ڏ‬ˀʢ
፯ʈ˃ʨ͇ϰʢ୦ʢ ໗‫ݶ‬୦ˢ୏ç‫ېا‬ਕ
୦ᝳࡖᏃྰéˋٕ˝ ᖼçᛐඁ൤ཬ൳‫׿ڏ‬Љ
Փᅝʓí ள˃ɾ˝୥Άé

 

ˤၑljԖȘ༏ԮമࡌНķNj͓ƌƥ
뺸͝ˬɪɔٰ˷‫׻‬ŀ뺹ԮƋԮɔҋȘ͡Ɏ뼶
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