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SSC STATIC GK
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
HISTORY ........................................................................................................................................ 6
IMPORTANT BATTLES IN HISTORY ....................................................................................................... 6
IMPORTANT SESSIONS OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (I.N.C) .......................................................... 7
IMPORTANT EVENTS IN MODERN HISTORY ......................................................................................... 8
IMPORTANT FOREIGN TRAVELLERS / ENVOYS ..................................................................................... 9
IMPORTANT BATTLES IN WORLD ....................................................................................................... 10
NEWSPAPERS AND THEIR FOUNDERS ................................................................................................ 12
LIST OF BHARAT RATNA AWARDEES SO FAR ...................................................................................... 13
SOCIO-RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS AND ORGANISATIONS ..................................................................... 15
LOWER CASTE/CASTE MOVEMENTS AND ORGANISATIONS ................................................................ 16
LEADERS OF GREAT REVOLT AND THEIR SUPPRESSORS ...................................................................... 16
IMPORTANT BOOKS ON 1857 REVOLT ............................................................................................... 17
NICKNAMES OF FAMOUS INDIAN PERSONALITIES.............................................................................. 17
NICKNAMES OF FAMOUS INTERNATIONAL PERSONALITIES................................................................ 18
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD ................................................................................................................ 18
SOME GREAT WORKS ASSOCIATED WITH FAMOUS PERSONS............................................................. 21
SIKH GURUS ...................................................................................................................................... 21
GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................... 22
MAJOR DAMS IN INDIA ..................................................................................................................... 22
RESEARCH INSTITUTES IN INDIA ........................................................................................................ 23
HEALTH AND MEDICINAL RESEARCH CENTERS IN INDIA ..................................................................... 24
NUCLEAR AND SPACE RESEARCH CENTRES IN INDIA........................................................................... 25
DEFENCE INSTITUTES IN INDIA........................................................................................................... 26
IMPORTANT NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA ............................................................................................ 26
IMPORTANT TIGER RESERVES & WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN INDIA ..................................................... 28
BIOSPHERE RESERVES........................................................................................................................ 32
LIST OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA .......................................................................................... 32
FAMOUS TEMPLES IN INDIA AND THEIR LOCATION ............................................................................ 33
CLASSICAL & FOLK DANCES OF INDIA ................................................................................................. 35
MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA ..................................................................................................................... 36
LIST OF IMPORTANT AIRPORTS IN INDIA ........................................................................................... 36
LIST OF IMPORTANT NATIONAL WATERWAYS IN INDIA ..................................................................... 37
IMPORTANT PLACES AND THEIR LOCATIONS ..................................................................................... 37
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LIST OF REVOLUTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 39

FATHERS OF REVOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................... 39
SOBRIQUETS OF WORLD.................................................................................................................... 39
LIST OF SOBRIQUETS OF FAMOUS PLACES IN INDIA ........................................................................... 41
IMPORTANT LOCAL WINDS ............................................................................................................... 43
TRIBAL PEOPLE IN INDIA .................................................................................................................... 43
IMPORTANT DESERTS AND THEIR LOCATIONS ................................................................................... 44
IMPORTANT LINES OF DEMARCATION BETWEEN COUNTRIES ............................................................ 45
MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES OF THE WORLD ..................................................................................... 46
IMPORTANT LAGOONS AND LAKES.................................................................................................... 46
LIST OF IMPORTANT BIRD SANCTUARIES IN INDIA ............................................................................. 47
LIST OF IMPORTANT PASSES IN INDIA ................................................................................................ 47
CROPPING SEASONS IN INDIA............................................................................................................ 48
MINES IN INDIA ................................................................................................................................. 48
MAP LINES ........................................................................................................................................ 51
FACTS ABOUT SOLAR SYSTEM ........................................................................................................... 51
NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF SOME IMPORTANT COUNTRIES................................................................... 51
GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES............................................................................................................ 52
LIST OF JOINT EXERCISES BETWEEN INDIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES: .................................................. 52
TRILATERAL EXERCISES: ..................................................................................................................... 53
MISSILES OF INDIA ............................................................................................................................ 54
POLITY.......................................................................................................................................... 56
CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITTEES ........................................................................................................ 56
PARTS OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION ..................................................................................................... 57
SCHEDULES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION .............................................................................................. 58
IMPORTANT CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACTS ........................................................................... 58
THE PRESIDENTS OF INDIA................................................................................................................. 61
THE PRIME MINISTERS OF INDIA........................................................................................................ 62
PHYSICS ...................................................................................................................................... 63
UNITS:............................................................................................................................................... 63
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR PURPOSES .................................................................. 64
INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS ........................................................................................................... 67
IMPORTANT INVENTIONS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTORS ....................................................................... 70
CHEMISTRY ................................................................................................................................ 71
COMMON NAMES OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ................................................................................. 71

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ACIDS PRESENT IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ..................................................................................... 71
IMPORTANT ALLOYS AND THEIR USES ............................................................................................... 72
SOME IMPORTANT ORES OF METALS ................................................................................................ 73
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES: .................................................................................................... 73
USES OF SOME IMPORTANT SALTS .................................................................................................... 74
FUEL GASES & ITS COMPOSITION ...................................................................................................... 74
VARIOUS GRADES OF COAL ............................................................................................................... 74
COMPOUNDS OF METAL AND NON-METAL AND THEIR COMMERCIAL USES ....................................... 74
CATALYSTS AND IT’S USES: ................................................................................................................ 76
BIOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 76
VITAMINS SOURCES AND DEFICIENCIES ............................................................................................. 76
IMPORTANT PROTEIN & MINERAL DEFICIENCY DISESES ..................................................................... 77
DISEASES CAUSED BY VARIOUS AGENTS ............................................................................................ 78
VARIOUS DRUGS AND THEIR USES ..................................................................................................... 80
IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY ........................................................................................ 81
COMMON HUMAN DISEASES AND AFFECTED BODY PART .................................................................. 82
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF VARIOUS BRANCHES ........................................................................................ 83
SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF PLANTS, FRUITS, TREES, GRAINS, SPICES ......................................................... 86
SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF ANIMALS, INSECTS, BIRDS............................................................................... 87
PHYLUM’S IN ANIMAL KINGDOM ...................................................................................................... 88
PHYLUM’S IN PLANT KINGDOM ......................................................................................................... 88
MISCELLANEOUS...................................................................................................................... 89
IMPORTANT BOOKS .......................................................................................................................... 89
BOOKS BY SPORTS PERSONS ............................................................................................................. 90
BOOKS OF FREEDOM ERA .................................................................................................................. 90
BOOKS OF SOME IMPORTANT AUTHORS ........................................................................................... 91
BOOKS AND THEIR AUTHORS ............................................................................................................ 91
SUPERLATIVES IN INDIA .................................................................................................................... 98
SUPERLATIVES OF WORLD ............................................................................................................... 100
SUPERLATIVES OF UNIVERSE ........................................................................................................... 103
WATER DISPUTES AND THE STATES INVOLVED ................................................................................ 103
CITIES AND THEIR FOUNDERS .......................................................................................................... 103
FESTIVAL AND STATES ..................................................................................................................... 106
RIVER AND ITS ORIGIN .................................................................................................................... 112
PHOBIAS: ........................................................................................................................................ 115

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FIRST IN INDIA (MALE)..................................................................................................................... 119

FIRST IN INDIA (FEMALE) ................................................................................................................. 120
VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL AWARDS AND THEIR FIELD ..................................................................... 121
VARIOUS AWARDS IN INDIA ............................................................................................................ 122
NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES............................................................................................................ 123
COUNTRY AND ITS CAPITALS, CURRENCY & OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ................................................... 125
PARLIAMENT NAMES OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES ............................................................................. 130
LIST OF PARLIAMENT NAMES OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE ............................................... 131
PARLIAMENT NAMES OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF AMERICAS ....................................................... 132
LIST OF PARLIAMENT NAMES OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF AFRICA ................................................ 133
LEGISLATURES OF IMPORTANT COUNTRIES ..................................................................................... 134
IMPORTANT ORGANISATIONS IN WORLD ........................................................................................ 134
COUNTRIES AND THEIR NATIONAL GAMES ...................................................................................... 135
NATIONAL TROPHIES....................................................................................................................... 136
NOBEL LAUREATES IN INDIA ............................................................................................................ 140
NUMBER OF PLAYERS IN EACH SPORTS............................................................................................ 141
IMPORTANT DAYS IN A YEAR........................................................................................................... 141
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION ................................................................................................... 146
SECRETARY GENERALS OF U.N. ........................................................................................................ 148
SOME IMPORTANT U.N. AGENCIES .................................................................................................. 148
UN INTERNATIONAL DECADES ......................................................................................................... 150
COMMISSIONED RANKS .................................................................................................................. 150
TERMS USED IN SPORTS .................................................................................................................. 151
FATHERS OF SOME IMPORTANT BRANCHES..................................................................................... 152

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HISTORY
IMPORTANT BATTLES IN HISTORY

Year Battle Result
326 BC Battle of Hydaspes Porus lost to Alexander
262 BC Kalinga War Ashoka won but adopted Buddhism
1191 AD First Battle of Tarain Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori
1192 AD Second Battle of Tarain Mohammed Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan
Mohammed Ghori defeated Jaichandra of
1194 AD Battle of Chandawar
Kannauj
1526 AD First Battle of Panipat Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi
1527 AD Battle of Khanwa Babur defeated Rana Sanga
1529 AD Battle of Ghaghra Babur defeated the Afghans
1539 AD Battle of Chausa Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun
1540 AD Battle of Kannauj (Battle of Bilgram) Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun
Bairam Khan (representing Akbar) defeated
1556 AD Second Battle of Panipat
Hemu
Vijaynagar Empire (represented by Sadasiva)
1565 AD Battle of Talikota/Bannihatti lost against an alliance formed by
Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golkonda and Bidar
1576 AD Battle of Haldighati Akbar defeated Maharana Pratap
A peace treaty was signed between Jahangir
1615 AD Mewar accepted the suzerainity of Mughals
and Rana Amar Singh of Mewar
1658 AD Battle of Samugarh (Dharmatt) Aurangzeb defeated Dara Shikoh
Raja Jai Singh defeated Shivaji
1665 AD Seige of Purandar
The Treaty of Purandar was signed
1707 AD Battle of Khed Shahu defeated Tara Bai
1737 AD Battle of Bhopal Baji Rao defeated Mohammed Shah
1739 AD Battle of Karnal Nadir Shah defeated Mohammed Shah
French defeated British. Treaty of Aix-la
1746 - 48 AD First Carnatic War
Chappelle concluded
1749 - 54 AD Second Carnatic War British defeated French. Treaty of Pondicherry
British under Sir Eyre Coote defeated French.
1758 - 1763 AD Thirs Carnatic War
Treaty of Paris
Robert Clive defeats Siraj-ud-daula, the Nawab
1757 AD Battle of Plassey
of Bengal
1761 AD Third Battle of Panipat Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Marathas
Hector Munro defeated combined armies of
Nawab Mir Qasim of Bengal, Nawab Shuja-ud-
1764 AD Battle of Buxar
daula of Awadh and Mughal emperor Shah
Alam.
1767 - 69 AD First Anglo Mysore War Hyder Ali defeated English forces
1775 - 82 AD First Anglo Maratha War British defeated
1760 AD Battle of Udgir Marathas defeated the Nizam

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1780 - 84 AD Second Anglo Mysore War Hyder Ali dies. Treaty of Mangalore signed
Tipu Sultan defeated. Treaty of
1790 - 92 AD Third Anglo Mysore War
Srirangapatnam signed.
1799 AD Fourth Anglo Mysore War Tipu Sultan defeated and killed
1803 - 06 AD Second Anglo Maratha War Marathas lose to the British
1817 - 18 AD Third Anglo Maratha War Marathas lose to the British again
1824 - 26 AD First Anglo Burmese War British wins over the Burmese
1839 - 42 AD First Anglo-Afghan War British defeat Afghan ruler Dost Mohammad
1845 - 46 AD First Anglo-Sikh War Treaty of Lahore
British captured Kabul and Kandhar. Treaty of
1878 - 80 AD Second Afghan War
Gandamak
IMPORTANT SESSIONS OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (I.N.C)
Year Venue President

1885 Bombay W.C. Bonnerjee (1st President of Congress)
1886 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji
1887 Madras Badruddin Tyabji (1st Muslim President)
1888 Allahabad George Yule (1st English President)
1895,1902 Poona, Ahmedabad Surendra Nath Banerjee
Rahimtullah Sayani (Vande Mataram sung for first time by

1896 Calcutta
Rabindranath Tagore)
1905 Banaras G. K. Gokhale
1906 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji
Rash Behari Ghosh (Congress Split into Moderates headed
1907, 1908 Surat, Madras by Gopala Krishna Gokhale and Extremists headed by Lal,
Bal, Pal)
1916 Lucknow A. C. Majumdar (Re-union of the Congress)
1917 Calcutta Annie Besant (First Woman President)
1919 Amritsar Motilal Nehru
1920 Calcutta Lala Lajpat Rai
Chittranjan R. Das (President); Hakim Ajmal Khan (Acting
1921 Ahmedabad
president)
1922 Gaya Chittranjan R. Das (President)
1923 Delhi (special session) Abdul Kalam Azad (youngest President of Congress)
1924 Belgaum Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
1925 Kanpur Sarojini Naidu (first Indian Woman President)
1927 Madras Dr. M A Ansari

1928 Calcutta Motilal Nehru (first All India Youth Congress Formed)
1929 Lahore Jawahar Lal Nehru (Poorna Swaraj resolution was passed)
Vallabhbhai Patel (Here, resolution on Fundamental rights
1931 Karachi
and the National Economic Program was passed)
1932, 1933 Delhi, Calcutta (Session Banned)
1934 Bombay Rajendra Prasad (Formation of Congress Socialist Party)

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1936 Lucknow J. L. Nehru (Demand for Constituent Assembly)
1937 Faizpur J. L. Nehru (first session in a village)
S. C. Bose (a National Planning Commission set-up under
1938 Haripura
J. L. Nehru)
S. C. Bose was re-elected but had to resign due to protest

by Gandhi ji (as Gandhiji supported Dr. Pattabhi
1939 Tripuri
Sitaramayya). Rajendra Prasad was appointed in his
place.
1940 Ramgarh Abul Kalam Azad

1946 Meerut Acharya J. B. Kripalani
1948 Jaipur Dr. Pattabhi Sitarmayya
IMPORTANT EVENTS IN MODERN HISTORY

1764 Battle of Buxar.
1765 Clive appointed Company’s Governor in India.
1767 - 69 First Anglo-Mysore War.
1780 Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
1780 - 84 Second Anglo-Mysore War.
1784 Pitt’s India Act.
1790 - 92 Third Anglo-Mysore War.
1793 The Permanent Settlement of Bengal.
1799 Fourth Anglo-Mysore War and Death of Tipu Sultan.
1802 Treaty of Bassein.
1809 Treaty of Amritsar.
1829 Practice of Sati prohibited.
1830 Raja Rammohan Roy visited England.
1833 Death of Raja Rammohan Roy at Bristol, England.
1839 Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
1839 - 42 First Anglo-Afghan War.
1845 - 46 First Anglo-Sikh War.
1852 Second Anglo-Burmese War.
First Railway line opened between Bombay and Thane and
1853 the first experimental telegraph line was established between Calcutta and Diamond
Harbour.
1857 The Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence.
1861 Birth of Rabindranath Tagore; Indian Councils Act; Indian Civil Service Act.
1869 Birth of Mahatma Gandhi.
1885 Foundation of Indian National Congress.
1889 Birth of Jawaharlal Nehru.
1897 Birth of Subhas Chandra Bose.
1903 Tibet Expedition.
1905 Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon.
1906 Foundation of Muslim League.
1911 Delhi Darbar, King George V and Queen visited India; Delhi became the capital of India.
1914 World War I began.
Lucknow Pact signed by Muslim League and Congress, Foundation of Banaras Hindu
1916
University, Home Rule League founded.

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1918 World War I ends.

1919 Montague-Chelmsford Reforms introduced, Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar.
Khilafat Movement launched, first meeting of All-India Trade Union Congress, Hunter
1920 Commission Report on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Published, First Non-cooperation
movement launched by Gandhi.
1922 Violent incidents at Chauri Chaura, Gandhi calls off Non-cooperation movement.
1925 Communist Party of India organised at Kanpur.
1927 Boycott of Simon Commission, Broadcasting started in India.
1928 Death of Lala Lajpat Rai, Nehru Report by Motilal Nehru.
Resolution of ‘Poorna Swaraj’ (complete independence) passed at Lahore Session of
1929
INC.
Civil disobedience movement launched, Dandi March by Mahatma Gandhi (April 6, 1930)
1930
First round table conference held in London.
Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Civil Disobedience movement suspended Second round table
1931
conference held.
1932 MacDonald announces communal award (modified by Poona Pact, September 24).
1935 Government of India Act.
1937 Provincial Autonomy, Congress forms ministries.
1938 All India Kishan Sabha formed.
1939 World War II begins (September 3), Resignation of Congress Ministries in Provinces.
1941 Escape of Subhas Chandra Bose from India and death of Rabindranath Tagore.
1942 Arrival of Cripps Mission in India, Quit India movement launched (August 8).
Subhas Chandra Bose forms Provisional Government of Free India and Indian National
1943–44
Army in Singapore; Bengal famine.
1945 Trial of Indian National Army at Red Fort, Shimla Conference; World War II ends.
British Cabinet Mission visits India; Interim government formed at the Centre. The
1946
Muslim league decides on “Direct Action” for winning Pakistan.
1947 Division of India; India and Pakistan form separate independent dominions.
IMPORTANT FOREIGN TRAVELLERS / ENVOYS

A Greek ambassador of Seleucus Nikator, who visited the court of Chandragupta
Megasthenes (302
Maurya and wrote an interesting book ‘Indica’ in which he gave a vivid account
- 298 BC)
of Chandragupta Maurya’s reign.
Fa-Hien He came to India during the reign of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya. He was the
(405 - 411 AD) first Chinese pilgrim to visit India to collect Buddhist texts and relics.
Hiuen-Tsang (630
Chinese Buddhist monk who visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana.
- 645 AD)
Al-beruni An Iranian scholar who came to India along with Mahmud of Ghazni during one
(1024-1030 AD) of his Indian raids. He travelled all over India and wrote a book ‘Tahqiq-i-Hind’.
Marco Polo (1292- A Venetian traveller, visited South India in 1294 A.D. His work ‘The Book of Sir
1294 AD) Marco Polo’ gives an account of the economic history of India.

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A Morrish traveller, his book ‘Rehla’ (the Travelogue) throws a lot of light on the
Ibn Batuta
reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq and the geographical, economic and social
(1333-1347 AD)
conditions of that time.
Nicolo Conti A Venetian traveller, gives a comprehensive account of the Hindu kingdom of
(1420-1421 AD) Vijayanagar.
Abdur Razzaq He was a Persian traveller, came to India and stayed at the court of the Zamorin
(1443-1444 AD) at Calicut. He has given a vivid account of the Vijayanagar empire.
Dominigo Paes He was Portuguese traveller, visited the court of Krishnadeva Raya of the
(1520-1522 AD) Vijayanagar Empire.
William Hawkins He was an English ambassador of British King James I to the court of Jahangir
(1608-1611 AD) (1609).
Sir Thomas Roe He was an ambassador of James I, King of England, at the court of Jahangir, (The
(1615-1619 AD) Mughal Emperor).
He was an Italian traveller to the Mughal empire in the reign of Shahjahan, he

Peter Mundy
gives valuable information about the living standard of the common people in the
(1630-34 AD)
Mughal Empire.
Jeen Baptiste
He was a French traveller, his account covers the reign of Shahjahan and
Tavernier
Aurangzeb.
(1638-1663 AD)
Francois Bernier He was a French physician and philosopher. Danishamand Khan, a noble of
(1656-1717 AD) Aurangzeb, was his patron.
IMPORTANT BATTLES IN WORLD
Battle Period/Year Countries Involved
Battle of Marathon 490 BC Athenians and Persians; King Darius of Persia defeated.
Battle of Spartans led by Leonidas and Persians by Xerxes; Spartans
480 BC
Thermopylae were defeated.
Sparta and Athens, also called ‘Peloponnesian War’: it lasted
Spartan War I 459 BC
for 30 years.
Spartan War II 431 – 421 BC Sparta and Athens; Spartans victorious
A Macedonian army of Alexander the Great, led by his
regent, Antipater, defeated the forces of Sparta, led by King
Battle of Megalopolis 331 BC Agis III. The Spartan King had conspired with the mortal
enemy of the Greeks, the Persians, and had let on his plans
to attack the Macedonian forces of Alexander.
Hundred Year War 1337 – 1453 France and England. Victory for French.
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Civil War in England between the two rival royal houses of

War of Roses 1455 – 1487 Lancaster and York; White and red rose were their respective
symbols.
Spanish and English fleets fought in the English Channel;
Anglo-Spanish War 1585 -1604
Defeat of the Spanish fleet. Treaty of London.
Started as religious-cum-political war between (Conto) the
Thirty-Year War 1618 – 1648 Lutherans and Catholics in Germany and developed into an
international war.
Between Cavaliers (King Charles supporters) and forces of
Civil War of England 1642 – 1651 the Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell; King Charles I
executed.
Battle of Gibraltar
1607 The Dutch defeated the Spaniards and the Portuguese.
Bay
Britain and France against Austria and Prussia; British
Seven Year War 1756 – 1763
alliance won.
Battle of Nile 1798 British and French fleets; Britain victorious.
British fleet defeated fleets of France and Spain; British fleets
Battle of Trafalgar 1805
commanded by Admiral Nelson, who was killed in the battle.
Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia on one side and France
Battle of Austerlitz 1805
on the other, French forces victorious.
France and Russia; the French forces were commanded by
Battle of Borodino 1812
Napoleon who was defeated.
Germany and combined forces of Austria, Prussia and Russia
Battle of Leipzig 1813
defeated Napolean (French forces).
British forces led by Duke of Wellington defeated French
forces led by Napolean Bonaparte; it was Napolean’s last
Battle of Waterloo 1815
battle; Napolean abdicated and was exiled to the island of
St. Helena in South Atlantic where he died in 1812.
China and Britain; Chinese force yielded. It was a trade war
First China War 1839-1842
and also known as the ‘Opium War’.
Northern Vs Southern states of America for the abolition of
American Civil War 1861 -1865
slavery; Abraham Lincoln defeated the Southern states.
Russo – Japanese Russia and Japan in the Sea of Japan; Russia defeated; also
1904 – 1905
War called the ‘Battle of Port Arthur’ or ‘Battle of Yalu’.
Turkey and Balkan countries (Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria
Balkan War I 1912-1913
and Greece); Turkey defeated.
Invasion of Serbia and Greece by Bulgaria; Bulgaria defeated
by combined forces of Serbia, Greece, Romania,
Balkan War II 1913
Montenegro, which stripped Turkey for most of its European
territories.
Germany (with Austria, Hungary and Turkey) against Britain
World War I 1914 – 1918 (with France, US, Russia, Japan, Canada, Austria and
Belgium); Germany and its allies were defeated.
During World War I – Naval battle between Germany and
Battle of Jutland 1916
England in which Germany was defeated.
Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) against the Allies
World War II 1939 – 45 (Britain, USSR, US, France and several countries); Axis
powers were defeated.
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Italian Army from Libya invaded Egypt in order to attach
Desert War 1940-1943
British forces.
Indo-Pakistani War 1947 Partition of Jammu and Kashmir between India and Pakistan.
Operation Polo 1948 Integration of Hyderabad into India.

South Korea invaded by North Korea; North Korea was
Korean War 1950-1953
forced back by UN forces.
Operation Vijay 1961 Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu into India.
India was defeated but both have agreed to maintain status
Sino-Indian War 1962
quo.
Indo-Pakistan War 1965 Tashkent Agreement and agreed to maintain status quo.
Six-day war. Shortest war in history; Arab forces led by
Israel – Arab War 1967
Egypt, Syria and Jordan were defeated.
Mukti Bahini forces aided by India against the Pakistani
Pakistan-Bangladesh forces stationed in Bangladesh (former East Pakistan);
1971
War Pakistani forces surrendered, and Bangladesh came into
being.
Annexation of Siachen into India following Operation
Siachen Conflict 1984-2003 Meghadoot. India Captures Quaid Post/ Bana Top during
Operation Rajiv. Ceasefire since 2003.
Operation Cactus 1988 Restoration of government rule in Maldives.
US led multinational forces attacked Iraq to oust Iraqi troops
Gulf War 1990-1991
from Kuwait.
Kargil War 1999 India defeated Pakistani forces at Kargil.
US led coalition forces attack Afghanistan to bring down the
US-Afghanistan War 2001 Taliban regime in Afghanistan in retaliation to the 11
September terrorist attack in the USA.
US led coalition forces dethroned the Iraqi President Saddam
Gulf War II 2003-2011
Hussein.
Hezbullah kidnaps two Israeli soldiers and kills other three.
Israel-Lebanon 2006 Israel responds with massive air strikes and artillery fire on
targets in Lebanon.
NEWSPAPERS AND THEIR FOUNDERS

Newspaper/Journal Founder/Editor
Bengal Gazette (1780) J.A. Hickey (India’s first newspaper)
Kesari, Maharatta B.G. Tilak
Hitavada G.K. Gokhale
Amrita Bazar Patrika Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh
Vande Mataram Aurobindo Ghosh
Native Opinion V.N. Mandalik
Kavivachan Sudha Bhartendu Harishchandra
Rast Goftar Dadabhai Naoroji (1st newspaper in Gujarati)
Irniia (Weekly) Bipin Chandra Pal
Statesman Robert Knight

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Hindu Vir Raghavacharya and G.S.Aiyar

Sandhya B.B. Upadhyaya
Som Prakash Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Yugantar Bhupendranath Datta and Barinder Kumar Ghosh
Bombay Chronicle Pherozeshah Mehta
Mooknayak, Bahishkrit Bharat B.R. Ambedkar
Comrade Mohhammad Ali
AI-Hilal Abul Kalam Azad
Independent Motilal Nehru
Punjabi Lala Lajpat Rai
New India (Daily) Annie Besant
Commonweal Annie Besant
Pratap Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
Essays in Indian Economics M.G. Ranade
Mirat-ul-Akhhar Raja Ram Mohan Roy (first Persian newspaper)
Sambad Kaumudi Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Indian Mirror Devendra Nath Tagore
Nav Jeevan, Harijan, Young
M.K. Gandhi
India
Prabudha Bharat, Udbodhana Swami Vivekananda
Indian Socialist Shyamji Krishna Verma
Talwar (in Berlin) Birendra Nath Chattopadhyaya
Free Hindustan (in Vancouver) Tarak Nath Das
Hindustan Times K.M. Panikkar
Leader Madan Mohan Malviya
National Herald Jawaharlal Nehru
LIST OF BHARAT RATNA AWARDEES SO FAR

NAME YEAR FIELD
Dr. C.V. Raman 1954 Physicist
Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan 1954 Philosopher, second President
Shri. Rajagopalachari 1954 Independence activist, last Governor-General
Dr. M. Visvesvaraya 1955 Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru 1955 Independence activist, author, first Prime Minister
Dr. Bhagavan Das 1955 Independence activist, author
Shri Govind Ballabh Pant 1957 Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh,
Home Minister
Shri Dhondo Keshav Karve 1958 Educator, social reformer
Dr. B. C. Roy 1961 Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal
Shri Purushottam Das Tandon 1961 Independence activist, educator

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Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1962 Independence activist, jurist, first President
Dr. Zakir Hussain 1963 Scholar, third President
Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane 1963 Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri 1966 Posthumous, independence activist, second Prime
Minister
Smt. Indira Gandhi 1971 Third Prime Minister
Shri V.V. Giri 1975 Trade unionist and fourth President
Shri.K. Kamraj 1976 Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of

Tamil Nadu State
Mother Teresa 1980 Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
Acharya Vinoba Bhave 1983 Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1987 First non- citizen, independence activist
Shri M.G.Ramachandran 1988 Posthumous, film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Dr. Nelson Mandela 1990 Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient,
Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar 1990 Posthumous, chief architect of the Indian Constitution,
politician, economist, and scholar
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 1991 Posthumous, independence activist, first Home Minister
Shri Rajiv Gandhi 1991 Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister
Shri Morarji Desai 1991 Independence activist, fourth Prime Minister
Shri Satyajit Ray 1992 Bengali filmmaker
Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1992 Posthumous, independence activist, first Minister of
Education
Shri JRD Tata 1992 Industrialist and philanthropist
Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda 1997 Independence activist, interim Prime Minister
Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali 1997 Posthumous, independence activist
Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam 1997 Aeronautical Engineer,11th President of India
Smt. M.S. Subbulakshmi 1998 Carnatic classical singer
Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam 1998 Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture
Pandit Ravi Shankar 1999 Sitar player
Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan 1999 Posthumous, independence activist and politician
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi 1999 Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of

Assam
Prof. Amartya Sen 1999 Economist, Nobel Laureate
Ustad Bismillah Khan (Late) 2001 Hindustani classical shehnai player

SSC STATIC GK
Lata Mangeshkar 2001 Playback singer
Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi 2009 Hindustani classical singer
C. N. R. Rao 2014 Indian Chemist
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar 2014 Sports, Cricketer
Atal Bihari Vajpayee 2015 Public Affairs, Statesman
Madan Mohan Malaviya 2015 Educationist, Freedom icon
Pranab Mukherjee 2019 13th President of India
Nanaji Deshmukh 2019 Social Activist
Bhupen Hazarika 2019 Playback singer, lyricist, poet and film maker from
Assam.
SOCIO-RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS AND ORGANISATIONS

Year Place Name of the Organisation Founder
1815 Calcutta Atmiya Sabha Raja Rammohan Roy
1828 Calcutta Brahmo Samaj Raja Rammohan Roy
1829 Calcutta Dharma Sabha Raja Radhakant Deb
1839 Calcutta Tattvabodhini Sabha Debendranath Tagore

Dayal Das, Darbara Singh, Rattan Chand
1840 Punjab Nirankaris
etc.
1844 Surat Manav Dharma Sabha Mehtaji Durgaram Manchharam
1849 Bombay Paramhansa Mandli Dadoba Pandurang
1857 Punjab Namdharis Ram Singh
1861 Agra Radha Swami Satsang Tulsi Ram
1866 Calcutta Brahmo Samaj of India Keshab Chandra Sen
1866 Deoband Dar-ul-Ulum Maulana Hussain Ahmed
1867 Bombay Prarthana Samaj Dr. Atma Ram Pandurang
1875 Bombay Arya Samaj Swami Dayanand Saraswati

Madame H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel H.S.
1875 New York Theosophical Society
Olcott
1878 Calcutta Sadharan Brahmo Samaj Ananda Mohan Bose
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Ganesh
Pune Agarkar, Vanman Shivram Apte,
1884 Deccan Education Society
(Poona) V.B.Keller, M.S.Gole, N.K.Dharap,
Mahadev Ballal Namjoshi

STATIC GK SSC
Muhammadan Educational
1886 Aligarh Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Conference
1887 Bombay Indian National Social Conference M.G. Ranade
1887 Lahore Deva Samaj Shivnarayan Agnihotri

Maulana Shibli Naumani, Maulana Abdul
1894 Lucknow Nadwah-ul-Ulama
Ghafoor
Belur
1897 Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda
(Kolkata)
1905 Pune Servants of India Society Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Pune Poona Seva Sadan/Seva Sadan
1909 Mrs Ramabai Ranade and G.K. Devadhar
(Poona) Society
1911 Bombay Social Service League N.M. Joshi
1914 Allahabad Seva Samiti H.N. Kunzru
LOWER CASTE/CASTE MOVEMENTS AND ORGANISATIONS

Movement/Organisation Year Place Founder
Satya Shodhak Samaj 1873 Maharashtra Jyotiba Phule
Aravippuram Movement 1888 Kerala Shri Narayan Guru
Shri Narayan Dharma Paripalana 1902-03 Kerala Shri Narayana Guru, Dr.
Yogam (SNDP) Movement Palpu, Kumaran Asan
The Depressed Class Mission Society 1906 Bombay V.R. Shinde
Bahujan Samaj 1910 Maharashtra Mukundrao Patil
Justice (Party) Movement 1915-16 Tamil Nadu C.N. Mudaliar, T.M. Nair and P.
Tyagaraja Chetty
Depressed Classes Welfare Institute 1924 Bombay B.R. Ambedkar
(Bahiskrit Hitkarini Sabha)
Self-Respect Movement 1925 Tamil Nadu E.V. Ramaswami Naicker
‘Periyar’
Harijan Sevak Sangh 1932 Pune Mahatma Gandhi
LEADERS OF GREAT REVOLT AND THEIR SUPPRESSORS

Centre Beginning Ending Date Indian Leader British Suppressor
Date
Delhi 11 May, 1857 20 Sep, 1857 Bahadur Shah II ‘Zafar’ and John Nicholson
Bakht Khan (Commanding
General)
Kanpur 4 June, 1857 6 Dec, 1857 Nana Sahib and his loyal Colin Campbell
commander / Tantiya Tope
Lucknow 4 June, 1857 21 Mar, 1858 Begum Hazrat Mahal Colin Campbell
Jhansi 4 June, 1857 18 June, 1858 Rani Laxmi Bai Hugh Rose
Allahabad 5 June, 1857 March, 1858 Liyaqat Ali Colonel Neil

SSC STATIC GK
Jagdishpur Aug., 1857 Dec, 1858 Kunwar Singh and Amar William Taylor and
(Bihar) Singh Vincet Eyre
IMPORTANT BOOKS ON 1857 REVOLT

Books Year Author
The First Indian War of Independence 1857-59 1859 Karl Marx
Causes of Indian Revolt 1873 Sayed Ahmad Khan
The India War of Independence 1909 V.D. Savarkar
The Sepoy Mutiny and the rebellion of 1857 1957 R.C. Mazumdar
Civil Rebellion in Indian Mutinies 1957 S.B. Chowdhury
Rebellion, 1857: A Symposium 1957 P.C. Joshi
1857 1957 S.N. Sen
NICKNAMES OF FAMOUS INDIAN PERSONALITIES

Nickname Personality
Bapu, Father of the Nation M.K. Gandhi
Grand Old Man of India, Unofficial Ambassador of Dadabhai Naoroji
India
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore
Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya
Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
Bismarck of India, Iron Man of India Vallabhbhai Patel
Lion of Punjab (Punjab Kesari) Lala Lajpat Rai
Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das
Deenbandhu C.F. Andrews
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Rajaji C. Rajagopalachari
Man of Peace Lal Bahadur Shastri
Nightingale of India Sarojini Naidu
Anna C.N. Annadurai
Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan
Rajarshi Purushottam Das Tandon
Panditji, Chacha Jawaharlal Nehru
Morning Star of Indian Renaissance Raja Rammohan Roy
Ajatshatru Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Sher-e-kashmir Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah
Lal, Bal, Pal Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin
Chandra Pal
Bird Man of India Salim Ali
Water Man of India Rajendra Singh

STATIC GK SSC
Punjab Kesari Lala Lajpat Rai
Bengal Kesari Ashutosh Mukherji
Bihar Kesari Dr. Srikrishna Singh
Andhra Kesari T. Prakasam
Father of Indian Cinema Dada Saheb Phalke
Grandfather of Indian Films Dhundiraj Govind Phalke
Magician of Hockey Dhyanchand
Haryana Hurricane Kapil Dev
Flying Sikh Milkha Singh
Payyoli Express P.T. Usha
Little Master Sunil Gavaskar
Tiger M.A.K. Pataudi
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi
Shakespeare of India Mahakavi Kalidas
Parrot of India Amir Khusrau
Napoleon of India Samudragupta
Vatapi kondan Narsasimhavarman I
Gangai Kondan Rajendra Chola I
Kadaram Kondan
Zinda Pir Aurangazeb
NICKNAMES OF FAMOUS INTERNATIONAL PERSONALITIES

Nickname Personality
G.B.S George Bernard Shaw
Lady with the Lamp Florence Nightingale
Little Corporal, Man of Destiny Napoleon Bonaparte
Fuehrer Adolf Hitler
King Maker Earl of Warwick
Uncle Ho Ho Chi Minh
Bard of Avon William Shakespeare
Li-Kwan Pearl Buck
Father of English Poetry Geoffery Chaucer
Grand Old man of Britain, The People’s William William E. Gladstone
Maiden Queen Queen Elizabeth I
Maid of Orleans Joan of Arc
Man of Blood and Iron Otto Van Bismark
II Duce Benito Mussolini
Desert Fox General Ervin Rommel
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD

BUDDHISM
Founder Gautama Siddhartha Buddha (563-483 BC) born in Nepal (Lumbinivana)
Founded in 528 BC

SSC STATIC GK
Followed in China, Tibet, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Japan, Laos, Myanmar
(Burma), Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Bhutan and Vietnam.
Sacred text The Tripitakas (Collection of Buddha’s teachings) also called Sutras.
Vinay Pitaka; Abhidhamma Pitaka; Sutta Pitaka
Sacred places Lumbini (Nepal) where Buddha was born, Bodh Gaya (Bihar) where he received
Enlightenment and Kushinagar (UP) where he attained ‘Nirvana’
Place of worship Chaitya (temple); Vihara (where monks reside) and Stupa (relics of budha)
Sects Mahayana, Hinayana and Vajrayana
CONFUCIANISM
Founder King Fu Tsu, better known as Confucius (551 – 479 BC) born in the state of Lu in
China
Founded in 500 BC
Followed in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Nauru and Vietnam.
Sacred text The analects
Sacred places Peking (Beijing) in China
Place of worship No Church or temple
CHRISTIANITY
Founder Jesus Christ (5 BC to 30 AC) born in Judea, also called Jesus of Nazareth
Followed in Spread all over the world
Sacred text Holy bible consisting of the old testament (before Christ) and the new testament
(during and after Christ)
Sacred places Jerusalem where Christ lived and preached
Place of worship Church
Important sects Catholics and protestants
HINDUISM
Founder divine origin
Founded in 1500 BC
Followed in Concentrated in India and Nepal and also found in Bhutan, Fiji, Gyuana, Indonesia,
Mauritius, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Bali.
Sacred text The Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the epics of the Mahabharata
and the Ramayana.
Place of worship Temple
ISLAM

STATIC GK SSC
Founder Prophet Mohammed (570-632 AD) born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia)
Founded in 622 AD
Followed in West coast of Africa which includes Tanzania, southern part of Russia and China,
India, Pakistan, Bangalore, Malaysia and Indonesia. Also parts of North Africa
Sacred text Quran (words of god), Hadis (collection of Prophet’s sayings)
Sacred places Makkah (Mecca) in Saudi Arabia
Place of worship Masjid (mosque)
Important sects Sunnis and shias
JUDAISM (Religion of the Hebrews)
Founder Moses, born in Egypt
Founded in 300 BC
Followed in Worldwide; mainly in Israel and United States
Sacred text Hals, found particularly in the five book of the bible; commentary on Torah known
as Talmud and Midrash
Sacred places Jerusalem
Place of worship Synagogue
SHINTOISM
Founder Began with Japanese culture and developed out of tradition and ancestor worship
Founded in Antiquity
Followed in Japan
Sacred text No specific text
Sacred place Central shrine of lse (central Japan) and the Yasukuni shrine in Tokyo
SIKHISM
Founder Guru Nanak Dev ji (1469-1539)
Founded in 1500 AD
Followed in India
Sacred text Guru Granth Saheb
Sacred places The Golden temple of Amritsar
Place of worship Gurudwara
TAOISM
Founder Lao-tse, a Chinese philosopher
Founded in 6th century BC

SSC STATIC GK
Followed in China, Taiwan, Nauru, Brunei, Singapore and Vietnam
Sacred text Tao-te-Ching
ZOROASTRIANISM (PARSI RELIGION)
Founder Zoroaster, born in Medea (modern Iran) about 660 BC
Founded in Around 500 BC
Followed in Iran and north-west India. The Zoroastrians who fled to India during the eighth
century are the ancestors of the present Parsi community in India
Sacred text Zend Avesta
Place of worship Fire temple
SOME GREAT WORKS ASSOCIATED WITH FAMOUS PERSONS

Foundation of Red Cross Henry Dunant & Gustave Moynier
Foundation of Scout Baden Powell
Foundation of Red Guards Mao Zedong
Founder of Socialism Karl Marx
Father of Sanskrit Grammar Panini
Founder of Anand Van Baba Amte
Founder of ‘Auroville Ashram’ (Puducherry) Aurobindo Ghosh
Founder of Shantiniketan Rabindra Nath Tagore
Founder of Vishwabharati Rabindra Nath Tagore
Founder of Paramdham Ashram (Paunar) Vinoba Bhave
Founder of Bhudan Movement Vinoba Bhave
Founder of League of Nations Woodrow Wilson
Founder of Golden Temple Guru Arjan Dev
Founder of Khalsa Panth Guru Gobind Singh
SIKH GURUS
S.NO GURUS SIGNIFICANCE
1 Guru Nanak Dev (1469- Founded the Sikh faith, introducing the concept of one god.
1539) Started Guru Ka Langar (Langar- Common Kitchen, where food is
served to everyone)
Emphasized the equality of women and rejected the path of
renunciation and authority of Vedas.
Contemporary of Babur.

STATIC GK SSC
2 Guru Angad Dev (1539- Invented the Gurumukhi script (written form of Punjabi).
1552) Compiled the writings of Guru Nanak in Guru Granth Sahib in
Gurmukhi Script.
3 Guru Amardas Sahib Introduced Anand Karaj marriage ceremony for Sikhs.
(1552-1574) Abolished the custom of Sati and Purdah system amongst Sikhs.
Established Manji & Piri system of religious missions for Men and
Women respectively.
4 Guru Ram Das Founded the City of Amritsar.
(1574-1581) Started the construction of Golden Temple.
5 Guru Arjan Dev Compiled the Adi Granth, the scriptures of the Sikhs.
(1581-1606) Completed the construction of Golden Temple (Sri Darbar Sahib).
Executed by Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
Hailed as Shaheedan-de-Sartaj (The Crown of Martyrs).
6 Guru Har Gobind Sahib Son of Guru Arjan Dev and was known as “Soldier Saint”.
(1606-1644) Organised small army and became the first guru to take up arms.
7 Guru Har Rai Sahib Man of Peace and avoided conflict with Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
(1644-1661) Gave Shelter to Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Shah Jahan who was
later persecuted by Aurangzeb.
8 Guru Har Krishan Sahib Youngest of the Gurus (became guru at the age of 5).
(1661-1664) Contemporary of Aurangzeb.
9 Guru Tegh Bahadur Established town of Anandpur.
(1665-1675) Son of Guru Har Gobind.
Executed by Aurangzeb.
10 Guru Gobind Singh Son of Guru Tegh Bahadur.
(1675-1708) Created Khalsa (changing the Sikhs into a Saint Soldiers) in 1699.
Last Sikh Guru in human form.
Passed the Guruship of the Sikhs to Guru Granth Sahib.
11 Guru Granth Sahib Also known as Adi Granth.
Written in Gurumukhi Script (contains the actual words and verses
as uttered by Sikh Gurus).
Considered as Supreme Spiritual Authority and Head of Sikh
religion.
GEOGRAPHY
MAJOR DAMS IN INDIA
DAMS RIVER STATE
Nagarjuna Sagar Project
Sri sailam Dam Krishna River Andhra Pradesh/Telangana
Sardar Sarovar Dam Narmada
Ukai Project Tapti Gujarat
Bhakra Nangal Project
Koldam Dam Sutlej Himachal Pradesh
Naptha Jagri
Chamera Dam Ravi river Himachal Pradesh
Pong Dam Beas River Himachal Pradesh
Baglihar Dam Chenab

SSC STATIC GK
Salal Project River Chenab Jammu & Kashmir

Uri Dam Jhelum River
Kosi Project River Kosi Bihar
Almatti Dam Krishna River
Krishna Raja Sagar Dam Kaveri Karnataka
Tungabhadra Dam Tungabhadra
Idukki Dam
Mullaperiyar Dam Periyar River Kerala
Cheruthoni Dam
Bansagar Dam Son River
Indira Sagar Dam Narmada Madhya Pradesh
Gandhi Sagar Dam Chambal River
Koyna Dam Koyna River Maharashtra
Farakka Project Ganga West Bengal
Hirakud Dam Mahanadi Odisha
Indravati Dam Indravati River
Ranjit Sagar Dam/ Thein Dam Ravi River Punjab
Rana Pratap Sagar Dam Chambal River Rajasthan
Jawahar Sagar Dam Chambal River
Bhavani Sagar Dam Bhavani Tamilnadu
Mettur Dam Cauvery
Rihand Dam Rihand River Uttar Pradesh
Tehri Dam Bhagirathi River Uttarakhand
Lakhwar Dam Yamuna River
RESEARCH INSTITUTES IN INDIA

Research Institute Location
Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi
Central Rice Research Institute Cuttack
Central Sugarcane Research Institute Coimbatore
Central Potato Research Institute Shimla
Central Tobacco Research Institute Rajamudhry, Andhra Pradesh
Central Forest Research Institute Dehradun, (Uttarakhand)
National Sugar Research Institute Kanpur
Indian Lac Research Institute Ranchi
National Dairy Research Institute Karnal
Central Fuel Research Institute Dhanbad
Central Leather Research Institute Chennai
Central Mining Research Institute Dhanbad
Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow

STATIC GK SSC
Indian Meteorological Observatory Pune and Delhi
Raman Research Centre Bangalore
Central Scientific Instruments Organization Chandigarh
National Metallurgical Laboratory Jameshedpur
Central Salt & Marine Chemical Research Institute Bhavnagar
Archaeological Survey of India, India Museum Kolkata
Central Jute Technological Research Institute Kolkata
Central Plantation Crops Research Institute Kerala
Textile Research Institute Ahmedabad
All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS) New Delhi
National Aeronautical Laboratory Bangalore
National Institute of Oceanography Panaji
National Geophysics Research Institute Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Petroleum Dehradun
Central Building Research Institute Roorkee
Central Road Research Institute New Delhi
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai
High Altitude Research Laboratory Gulmarg
National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow
Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore
Central Glass AND Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur
Central Electro-Chemical Research Institute Karaikudi
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata
Industrial Toxicology Research Centre Lucknow
Centre Mechanical Engineering Research Institute Durgapur
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad
HEALTH AND MEDICINAL RESEARCH CENTERS IN INDIA

Health and Medicinal Research Location
All India Malaria Research Institute New Delhi
National Tuberculosis Institute Bangalore
Indian Cancer Research Centre Mumbai

SSC STATIC GK
Indian Veterinary Research Institute Mukteshwar(H.P), Izzatnagar (U.P)
Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research Jamnagar (Gujarat)
Vallabh Bhai Patel Chest Institute Delhi
Haffkine Institute Mumbai
National Institute of Communicable Diseases Delhi
School of Tropical Medicine Kolkata
Central Leprosy Training and Research Institute Chengalpattu
P.G.I. Medical Education and Research Chandigarh
National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad
National Institute of Occupation Health Ahmedabad
King Institute of Preventive Medicine Guindy (Chennai)
All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health Kolkata
NUCLEAR AND SPACE RESEARCH CENTRES IN INDIA

Indian Rare Earths Limited Aluva (Kerala)
Uranium Corporation of India Jadugoda
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Mumbai
Electronics Corporation of India Hyderabad
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Trombay (Mumbai)
Radio Astronomy Centre Udhagamandalam (Ooty)
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata
Nuclear Fuel Complex Hyderabad
National Centre for Earth Science Studies Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala)
Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad
Department of Space Bengaluru
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) Thiruvananthapuram
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Bangalore
Space Application Centre (SAC) Ahmedabad
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station Thumba (Kerala)
Indian Scientific Satellite Project Bengaluru (Bangalore)
College of Satellite Communication Technology Ahmedabad

STATIC GK SSC
DEFENCE INSTITUTES IN INDIA
Army Air Defence College Gopalpur (Odisha)
Aircraft and System Testing Training Establishment Bangalore (Karnataka)

Air force Academy Dundigal (Telangana)
Air force Technical College Jalahalli (Bengaluru)

Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) Pune (Maharashtra)
Defence Services Staff College (DSSC) Wellington (Tamil Nadu)

Indian Military Academy (IMA) Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
Defence Electronics Research Laboratory Hyderabad (Telangana)

College of Military Engineering (CME) Dapodi (Pune)
IMPORTANT NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA

Sl.No NATIONAL PARKS PLACE
1 Namdapha National Park
2 Mouling National Park Arunachal Pradesh
3 Pakhui National Park/Pakke Tiger Reserve
4 Kaziranga National Park
5 Dibru Saikhowa National Park
6 Manas National Park Assam
7 Nameri National Park
8 Rajiv Gandhi (Orang) National Park
9 Valmiki National Park Bihar
10 Indravati National Park
Chhattisgarh
11 Kanger Ghati Valley National Park
12 Bhagwan Mahavir(Mollem) National Park Goa
13 Gir National Park
14 Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar
15 Mundra National Park Gujarat
16 Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch
17 Vansda National Park
18 Kalesar National Park
Haryana
19 Sultanpur National Park
20 Pin Valley National Park
21 Great Himalayan National Park
22 Inderkilla National Park Himachal Pradesh
23 Khirganga National Park
24 Simbalbara National Park
25 Dachigam National Park
26 Hemis National Park
Jammu & Kashmir
27 Kishtwar National Park
28 Salim Ali National Park
29 Betla National Park
Jharkhand
30 Hazaribagh National Park

SSC STATIC GK
31 Dandeli National Park

32 Nagarhole National Park /Rajiv Gandhi National park
33 Bandipur National Park
Karnataka
34 Bannerghatta National Park
35 Kudremukh National Park
36 Anshi National park
37 Pampadum Shola National Park
42 Eravikulam National Park
39 Mathikettan Shola National Park Kerala
40 Silent Valley National Park
41 Anamudi Shola National Park
42 Bandhavgarh National Park
43 Pench National Park
44 Kanha National Park
45 Panna National Park
47 Madhav National Park
Madhya Pradesh
48 Mandla Plant Fossils National Park
49 Sanjay National Park
50 Satpura National Park
51 Omkareshwar National Park
52 Van Vihar national park
53 Sanjay Gandhi National Park
54 Chandoli National Park
55 Navegaon National Park Maharashtra
56 Tadoba National Park
57 Gugamal National park
58 Keibul Lamjao National Park
Manipur
59 Sirohi National park
60 Murlen National Park
Mizoram
61 Phawngpui Blue mountain National Park
62 Balphakram National Park
Meghalaya
63 Nokrek National Park
64 Ntangki National Park Nagaland
64 Similipal National Park
Odisha
65 Bhitarkanika National Park
66 Mukundra Hills National Park
67 Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary/ National Park
68 Sariska National Park
Rajasthan
69 Ranthambore National Park
70 Darrah National Park
71 Desert National Park
72 Khangchendzonga National Park Sikkim
73 Mudumalai National Park
74 Mukurthi National Park
75 Aanaimalai National Park (Indira Gandhi) Tamilnadu
76 Guindy National Park
77 Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park

STATIC GK SSC
78 Clouded Leopard National Park
Tripura
79 Bison National Park (Rajbari)
80 Rajaji National Park
81 Jim Corbett National Park
Uttarakhand
82 Gangotri National Park
83 Valley of Flowers National Park
84 Dudhwa National Park Uttar Pradesh
85 Neora Valley National Park
86 Singalila National Park
87 Buxa National Park West Bengal
88 Sundarban National Park
89 Gorumara National Park
IMPORTANT TIGER RESERVES & WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN INDIA

STATE TIGER RESERVES WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary
Kaziranga Tiger Reserve Chakrashila WLS
Assam Manas Tiger Reserve
Nameri Tiger Reserve Sonai Rupai WLS
Pobitora WLS
Pant (Rajgir) WLS
Bihar Gautam Buddha WLS

Valmiki Tiger Reserve
Kaimur WLS
Valmiki WLS
Achanakmar Tiger Reserve Guru Ghasi Das (Sanjay) Sanctuary

Chhattisgarh
Indravati Tiger Reserve Udanti Wild Buffalo WLS
Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary
Jharkhand Palamau Tiger Reserve Palkot WLS
Lawalong WLS, Parasnath WLS
Netravali WLS
Goa
- Bondla WLS
Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) WLS
Sasan Gir Sanctuary
Kutch Desert WLS
Gujarat Porbandar Lake WLS
-
Thol Lake WLS
Indian Wild Ass WLS
Mitiyala WLS
Haryana Khaparwas WLS

-
Kalesar WLS

SSC STATIC GK
Bhindawas WLS
Daranghati WLS
Himachal Dhauladhar WLS
Pradesh -
Pong Dam Lake WLS
Gobindsagar WLS
Gulmarg WLS
Jammu and
- Nandini WLS
Kashmir
Karakoram WLS
Bhimgad WLS
Brahmagiri WLS
Cauvery WLS
Gudekote wildlife sanctuary
Nugu WLS
Bandipur Tiger Reserve
Nagarhole Tiger Reserve Pushpagiri WLS
Karnataka Bhadra Tiger Reserve Arabithittu WLS
Anshi Dandeli Tiger Reserve Kappatagudda Wildlife Sanctuary
Ranganathittu Bird WLS
Kammasandra Wildlife sanctuary
Attiveri Bird WLS
Bukkapatna wildlife sanctuary
Sharavathi Valley WLS
Someshwara WLS
Chinnar WLS
Aralam WLS
Chimmony WLS
Periyar Tiger Reserve Idukki WLS

Kerala
Parambikulam Tiger Reserve Malabar WLS
Mangalavanam Bird WLS
Periyar WLS
Neyyar WLS
Bori WLS
Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve Gandhi Sagar WLS

Bori-Satpura Tiger Reserve Ghatigaon WLS
Madhya Kanha Tiger Reserve
Ken Gharial WLS
Pradesh Panna Tiger Reserve
Pench Tiger Reserve National Chambal WLS
Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve Sardarpur WLS
Son Gharial WLS
Maharashtra Melaghat Tiger reserve Tipeshwar WLS

STATIC GK SSC
Pench tiger reserve Jaikwadi WLS
Sahyadri tiger reserve
Koyna WLS
Tadoba Andhari Tiger reserve
Nagzira-Navegaon Tiger Reserve Nagzira WLS
Bor Tiger Reserve Painganga WLS
Aner Dam WLS
Radhanagari WLS
Bhamragarh WLS
Great Indian Bustard WLS
Balpakram Sanctuary
Meghalaya
Baghmara Pitcher Plant WLS
Dampa WLS (Tiger reserve)
Mizoram
Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary
Fakim WLS
Nagaland
Rangapahar WLS
Kotgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
Chilika (Nalaban) Bird WLS
Satkosia Tiger Reserve
Odisha Hadgarh WLS
Simlipal Tiger Reserve
Satkosia Gorge WLS
Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary
Harike Lake Wildlife Sanctuary
Punjab
Jhajjar Bacholi WLS
Jawahar Sagar WLS
Kailadevi WLS
Mount Abu WLS
Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve
Rajasthan Sariska Tiger Reserve Ramsagar WLS
Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve
Sawai Man Singh WLS
Darrah WLS
Sitamata WLS
Maenam WLS
Sikkim Fambong Lho WLS

Pangolakha WLS
Kitam WLS (Bird)
Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) WLS

Reserve, Kalakkad mundanthurai WLS
Tamil Nadu
Anamalai Tiger Reserve,
Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Mudumalai WLS
Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve. Mundanthurai WLS

SSC STATIC GK
Point Calimere WLS

Pulicat Lake WLS (Bird sanctuary)
Srivilliputhur (Giant Squirrel) WLS
Vedanthangal WLS
Vellanadu WLS
Vettangudi WLS
Rowa WLS
Tripura
Sepahijala WLS
Gumti WLS
Binsar WLS
Govind Pashu Vihar WLS
Uttarakhand Corbett Tiger Reserve
Kedarnath WLS
Rajaji Tiger reserve
Sonanadi WLS
Askot Musk Deer WLS
Bakhira WLS
Chandraprabha WLS
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Bird WLS
Hastinapur WLS
Kaimur WLS
Katerniaghat WLS
Okhla Bird WLS
Uttar Pradesh Dudhwa Tiger Reserve Saman Bird WLS

Pilibhit Tiger Reserve Samaspur WLS
Sandi Bird WLS
Sur Sarovar WLS
Jai Prakash Narayan (Surhatal) Bird WLS
Turtle (Kachhua)WLS
Vijai Sagar WLS
Pilibhit WLS
Sohagibarwa WLS
Sunderbans Wildlife Sanctuary

Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary
West Bengal Buxa Tiger Reserve Haliday Island WLS
Sunderbans Tiger Reserve
Lothian Island WLS
Mahananda WLS

STATIC GK SSC
Ballavpur WLS
Jaldapara Sanctuary
BIOSPHERE RESERVES
Sl.No Year Name State
1 1986 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka
2 1988 Nanda Devi National Park Uttarakhand
& Biosphere Reserve
3 1989 Gulf of Mannar Tamil Nadu
4 1988 Nokrek Meghalaya
5 1989 Sundarbans West Bengal
6 1989 Manas Assam
7 1994 Simlipal Odisha
8 1998 Dihang-Dibang Arunachal Pradesh
9 1999 Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh
10 2005 Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh
Reserve
11 2008 Great Rann of Kutch Gujarat
12 2009 Cold Desert Himachal Pradesh
13 2000 Khangchendzonga Sikkim
14 2001 Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve Kerala, Tamilnadu
15 1989 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve Andaman and Nicobar Islands
16 1997 Dibru-Saikhowa Assam
17 2010 Seshachalam Hills Andhra Pradesh
18 2011 Panna Madhya Pradesh
LIST OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA

S.NO WORLD HERITAGE SITE STATE
1 Kaziranga National Park Assam
2 Keoladeo Ghana National Park Rajasthan
3 Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Assam
4 Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers Uttarakhand
5 Sunderbans National Park West Bengal
Maharashtra (Sahayadri), Goa,
Karnataka,
6 Western Ghats
Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri Hills) and Kerala
(Cardomam Hills)
7 Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh
8 Agra Fort Uttar Pradesh
9 Ajanta Caves Maharashtra
10 Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Madhya Pradesh
11 Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Gujarat

SSC STATIC GK
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Formerly Victoria

12 Maharashtra
Terminus)
13 Churches and Convents of Goa Goa
14 Elephanta Caves Maharashtra
15 Ellora Caves Maharashtra
16 Fatehpur Sikri Uttar Pradesh
17 Great Living Chola Temples Tamil Nadu
18 Group of Monuments at Hampi Karnataka
19 Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram Tamil Nadu
20 Group of Monuments at Pattadakal Karnataka
Rajasthan (Chittorgarh,
Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambhore,
21 Hill Forts of Rajasthan
Amber Sub-Cluster, Jaisalmer,
Gagron)
22 Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi Delhi
23 Khajuraho Group of Monuments Madhya Pradesh
24 Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya Bihar
Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri), West Bengal
25 Mountain Railways of India (Darjeeling), Uttarakhand (Kalka-
Shimla)
26 Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi Delhi
27 Rani-Ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat Gujarat
28 Red Fort Complex Delhi
29 Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Madhya Pradesh
30 Sun Temple, Konark Odisha
31 Taj Mahal Uttar Pradesh
32 The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur Rajasthan
Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara (Nalanda

33 Bihar
University) at Nalanda
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an

34 Chandigarh
Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
35 Historic City of Ahmedabad Gujarat
36 Khangchendzonga National Park Sikkim
37 The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai Maharashtra
38 Jaipur Rajasthan
FAMOUS TEMPLES IN INDIA AND THEIR LOCATION

Temple Location
Akshardham Temple Delhi
Amarkantak Temple Madhya Pradesh
Amarnath Cave Temple Jammu & Kashmir
Angrabadi Temple Jharkhand
Annamalaiyar Temple Tamil Nadu
Badrinath Temple Uttarakhand
Brihadeeswara Temple Tamil Nadu

STATIC GK SSC
Chennakesava Temple Karnataka
Durgiana Temple Punjab
Dwarkadhish Temple Gujarat
Gangotri Temple Uttarakhand
Golden Temple Punjab
Gomateshwara Temple Karnataka
Hoysaleswara Temple Karnataka
Iskcon Temple There are many iskcon temple in
various states
Kalighat Mandir West Bengal
Kamakhya Temple Assam
Kanaka Temple Andhra Pradesh
Kanchipuram Temples Tamil Nadu
Kashi Vishwanath Temple Uttar Pradesh
Kedarnath Temple Uttarakhand
Khajuraho Temple Madhya Pradesh
Konark Sun Temple Odisha
Kumbakonam Temples Tamil Nadu
Laxminarayan Temple Delhi
Lingaraja Temple Odisha
Lord Jagannath Temple Odisha
Lotus Temple New Delhi
Malinithan Temple Arunachal Pradesh
Manikaran Temple Himachal Pradesh
Meenakshi Temple Tamil Nadu
Nellaiappar Temple Tamil Nadu
Ram Tirath Temple Punjab
Ramanathaswamy (Rameshwaram) Temple Tamil Nadu
Ranakpur Temple Rajasthan
Sabarimala Temple Kerala
Sanchi Stupa Madhya Pradesh
Shankaracharya Temple Jammu & Kashmir
Shirdi Sai Baba Temple Maharashtra
Shri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir Delhi
Siddhivinayak Temple Maharashtra
Somnath Temple Gujarat
Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple Kerala
Thillai Nataraja Temple Tamil Nadu
Tirupati Balaji Andhra Pradesh
Vaishno Devi Jammu & Kashmir
Virupaksha Temple Karnataka
Yamunotri Temple Uttarakhand
Srirangam Ranganathaswamy Temple Tamil Nadu

SSC STATIC GK
CLASSICAL & FOLK DANCES OF INDIA

STATE CLASSICAL DANCE FOLK DANCE
Chakyar koothu, Theyyam, Kaikotti kalai,
Mudiyettu, Chavittu nadagam, Koodiyattam
Kerala Kathakali, Mohiniyattam
(UNESCO recognised), Krishnaattam, Thullal,
Thirayattam
Andhra Pradesh Kuchipudi Kolattam, Dhimsa, Veera natyam
Ojapali, Bihu, Ankia Naat, Jhumur Naach,
Assam Sattriya
Bagurumba, Ali ai ligang
Arunachal Pradesh - Lion and peacock dance, Bardo chham, Aji lamu.
Jata jatin, Bikhari.Jadur, Chhau, kathaputli,
Bihar - Bakho,Jhijhiya, Samochakwa, Karma,Jatra,
Natna
Chhattisgarh - Panthi, Raut, Nacha
Gujarat Dandya Ras, Garba, Bhavi, Tippani
Goa - Fugdi, Tarangamel, Dhala, Dekhni, Dhangar
Saang, Khoria, Gugga Dance, Teej, Phag,Jhumar,
Haryana - Ras Leela, Phag dance, Daph, Dhamal, Loor,
Gagor
Punjab - Luddi, Pandass, Kikkli, Giddha, Bhangra
Jammu and Kashmir - Hikat, Rouf, Kud, Dumhal
Jharkhand - Karma or Munda
Karnataka - Bayalata, Dollu Kunitha, Veeragase, Yakshagana
Lakshadweep - Lava
Teratali, Charkula, Jawara, Matki, Maanch, Grida
Madhya Pradesh -
Dance.
Mizoram - Cheraw Dance (Bamboo Dance)
Manipur Manipuri Dhol Cholom, Thang Ta (form of martial art)
Maharashtra - Tamasha, Pavri Nah, Lavani.
Ghumura Dance, Chau Dance, Baagh Naach
Odisha Odissi
(Tiger Dance), Dalkhai, Karma Naach.
Puducherry - Garadi
Rajasthan - Kalbelia, Bhavai, Kach hi Ghodi, Ghoomar
Kamandi, Devarattum, Kummi, Kollatum,
Karagattum, Mayil attum, Paambattum,
Tamil Nadu Bharatanatyam
Puliyattum, Poikal kudirai, Bommalattum,
Therukoothu.
Tripura - Hojagiri, Goria, Labang Boomani.
Sikkim - Singhi Chham, Yak Chaam, Rechungma.
Telangana - Perini Thandavam, Dappu, Lambadi.
Himachal Pradesh - Kinnauri Nati, Namgen.

STATIC GK SSC
Nagaland - Chang Lo or Sua Lua.
Uttarakhand - Chholiya, Thali Jadda, Jhainta.
MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA

Sl.No Port State
1 Kandla Port (Tidal Port), Okha Port Gujarat
2 Mumbai Port (Busiest Port Of India) Maharashtra
3 (Nhava Sheva) Jawahar Lal Nehru Port (Largest Port In India) Maharashtra
4 Mormagao Port Goa
5 New Mangalore Port (Gateway Of Karnataka) Karnataka
6 Cochin Ports Kerala
7 V.O Chidambaranar Port Tamil Nadu
8 Chennai Port Tamil Nadu
9 Kamarajar Port (First Corporatized Major Port In India) Tamil Nadu
10 Paradip Port Odisha
11 Vishakhapatnam Port (Largest Natural Port) Andhra Pradesh
12 Kolkata And Haldia Ports (1st Green Port Of India) West Bengal
Apart from these ports Krishnapatnam Port in Andhra Pradesh, is a major private owned port.
LIST OF IMPORTANT AIRPORTS IN INDIA

International Airport Name City State/UT
Veer Savarkar International Airport Port Blair Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport Guwahati Assam
Gaya International Airport Gaya Bihar
Indira Gandhi International Airport Delhi Delhi
Goa International Airport Dabolim Goa
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport Ahmedabad Gujarat
Vadodara International Airport Vadodara Gujarat
Srinagar International Airport Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir
Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru Karnataka
Raja Bhoj International Airport Bhopal Madhya Pradesh
Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport Indore Madhya Pradesh
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport Mumbai Maharashtra
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport Nagpur Maharashtra
Imphal International Airport Imphal Manipur
Biju Patnaik International Airport Bhubaneswar Odisha
Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International Airport Amritsar Punjab
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad Telangana
Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport Lucknow Uttar Pradesh
Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport Varanasi Uttar Pradesh
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport Kolkata West Bengal
Bagdogra Airport Siliguri West Bengal

SSC STATIC GK
LIST OF IMPORTANT NATIONAL WATERWAYS IN INDIA

Name River States Length of
NW (km)
NW1 Allahabad-Haldia stretch of the Ganga—Bhagirathi-Hooghly UP, Bihar, 1620
Rivers Jharkhand, West
Bengal
NW2 Sadiya-Dhubri Stretch of Brahmaputra River Assam 891
NW3 Kollam-Kozhikode Stretch of West Coast Canal and Kerala 205
Champakara and Udyogmandal Canals
NW4 Nashik-Bhadrachalam-Rajahmundry Stretch of River Tamil Nadu, 1095
Godavari and Bridge near village Galagali-Wazirabad- Andhra Pradesh,
Vijayawada Stretch of River Krishna Telangana
NW5 Talcher-Dhamra Stretch, Geonkhali-Charbatia Stretch of East Odisha, West 623
Coast Canal, Harbatia-Dhamra Stretch of Matai River and Bengal
Mahanadi Delta Rivers
IMPORTANT PLACES AND THEIR LOCATIONS

MONUMENTS PLACE BUILT BY
Ajanta - Ellora Caves Aurangabad (Maharashtra) Gupta rulers
Aram Bagh Agra (UP) Babur
Agra Fort Agra (UP) Akbar
Akbar's Mausoleum Sikandra (UP) Jahangir
Itmad - ud - daula Fort Agra (UP) Noorjahan
Golden Temple Amritsar (Punjab) Guru Arjun Dev
Khajuraho Temples Khajuraho (Madhya Pradesh) Chandelas of Bundlekhand
Anand Bhawan Allahabad (UP) Motilal Nehru

Bada Imambara Lucknow (UP) Asaf-ud-daula
Bharatpur Fort Bharatpur (Rajasthan) Raja Surajmal Singh
Bibi Ka Maqbara Aurangabad (Maharashtra) Azam Shah
Char - Minar Hyderabad (AP) Quli Qutub Shah
Charar - e - Sharif Jammu & Kashmir Zainul Abedin

Chhota Imambara Lucknow (UP) Muhammad Ali Shah
Dargah Ajmer Sharif Ajmer (Rajasthan) Sultan Shyasuddin
Dilwara's Jain Temple Mount Abu (Rajasthan) Siddharaja
Deewan - e - Khas Agra Fort (UP) Shahjahan
Adhai Din Ka Jhopra Ajmer (Rajasthan) Qutubuddin Aibak
Elephanta's cave Mumbai (Maharashtra) Rashtrakuta rulers

STATIC GK SSC
Fatehpur Sikri Agra (UP) Akbar
Ferozshah Kotla Delhi Ferozshah Tughlaq
Golghar Patna (Bihar) British Government(Captain

John Garstin)
Gateway of India Mumbai (Maharashtra) George Wittet(final design)
Hauz Khas Delhi Alauddin Khilji
Humayun's Tomb Delhi Hamida Banu Begum

(Humayun's wife)
Hawa Mahal Jaipur (Rajasthan) Maharaja Pratap Singh
Jama Masjid Agra (UP) Shahjahan
Jama Masjid Delhi Shahjahan
Jagannath Temple Puri (Odisha) Choda Ganga Dev
Jantar - Mantar Delhi Sawai Jai Singh
Jaigarh Fort Jaipur (Rajasthan) Sawai Jai Singh
Jim Corbett Park Nainital (Uttarakhand) Sir Malcom Hailey
Jodhpur Fort Jodhpur (Rajasthan) Rao Jodha
Kanheri's Fort Mumbai (Maharashtra) Buddhists
Khirki Masjid Delhi Khan-i-Jahan Junan
Lal Bagh Bangalore (Karnataka) Hyder Ali
Lakshmi Narayan Temple Delhi& Gandhinagar Birla Family
Makka Masjid Hyderabad (AP) Quli Qutub Shah
Moti Masjid Agra Fort (UP) Shahjahan
Moti Masjid Delhi Fort Aurangazeb
Nahargarh Fort Jaipur (Rajasthan) Sawai Jai Singh
Nishat Garden Srinagar Asaf Ali
Purana Qila Delhi Shershah Suri
Pathar Ki Masjid Patna (Bihar) Pervez Shah
President House Delhi British Government
Qutub Minar Delhi Qutubuddin Aibak
Red Fort Delhi Shahjahan
Safdar Jung Tomb Delhi Shuja-ud-daula
Sabarmati Ashram Ahmedabad (Gujarat) Mahatma Gandhi
Shantiniketan West Bengal Rabindra Nath Tagore
Shish Mahal Agra (UP) Shahjahan
Shalimar Garden Srinagar Jahangir
Shershah's Tomb Sasaram (Bihar) Shershah's son
Saint George Fort Chennai (TamilNadu) East India Company
Sati Burj Mathura (UP) Raja Bhagwan Das
Sun Temple Konark (Odisha) King Narasimhadeva I
Taj Mahal Agra (UP) Shahjahan
Vellore Math Kolkata (WB) Swami Vivekananda
Victoria Memorial Kolkata (WB) British Government
Vishnupad Temple Gaya (Bihar) Rani Ahilya bai Holkar
Vijaya Stambha Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) Maharana Kumbha

SSC STATIC GK
LIST OF REVOLUTIONS
Revolution Field
Black Revolution Petroleum Production
Blue Revolution Fish Production
Brown Revolution Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production
Golden Fiber Revolution Jute Production
Golden Revolution Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production
Green Revolution Food Grains
Grey Revolution Fertilizer
Pink Revolution Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/ Prawn production
Red Revolution Meat and Tomato Production
Round Revolution Potato
Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton
Silver Revolution Egg and Poultry Production
White Revolution Milk and Dairy production
Yellow Revolution Oil Seeds production
Evergreen Revolution Overall development of Agriculture
Fathers of Revolutions
Father of Green Revolution Norman Borlaug
Father of Green Revolution in India M.S. Swaminathan
Father of White Revolution Dr. Verghese Kurien

Father of Blue Revolution Dr.Arun Krishnan
Father of Induced Breeding Prof.Hirlal Chaudri
Father of Pink Revolution Durgesh Patel
Father of Golden Revolution Nirpakh Tutej
Father of Red Revolution Vishal Tewari
Father of Silver Revolution Indira Gandhi
Sobriquets of World
Sobriquets Places
City of Golden Gate San Francisco
City of Golden Temple Amritsar
City of the Dreaming Spires Oxford, UK
City of Magnificent Distances Washington
City of Seven-Hills (Eternal City) Rome, Italy
Cockpit of Europe Belgium

STATIC GK SSC
Dark Continent Africa
Emerald Isle Ireland
Empire City / City of Skyscrapers New York
Garden of England Kent, England
Gate of Tears Bab-el-Mandeb
Gateway of India Mumbai
Gift of the Nile Egypt
Granite City Aberdeen, Scotland
Great White Way Broadway, New York
Herring Pond Atlantic Ocean
Hermit Kingdom North Korea
Island of Cloves Zanzibar
Key to the Mediterranean Gibraltar
Land of Cakes Scotland
Land of Golden Pagoda Myanmar (Burma)
Land of the Lillies / Land of Maple Canada
Land of Morning Calm South Korea
Queen of the Arabian Sea Kochi, India
Queen of the Adriatic Venice, Italy
Roof of the World Pamirs
Sick Man of Europe Turkey
Sorrow of China Yellow River (Hwang Ho)
Sugar Bowl of the World Cuba
Venice of the East Alappuzha
Venice of the North Stockholm, Sweden
World's Breadbasket Prairies of N. America
Battle Field of Europe Belgium
City of Palaces Mexico
City of Popes Rome
World's Loneliest Island Tristan da Cunha
City of Arabian Nights Baghdad
Forbidden City Lhasa (Tibet)
The Isle of Spring Jamaica
Workshop of Europe Belgium
Island Continent Australia
Dairy of Northern Europe Denmark
Saw Mill of Europe Sweden

SSC STATIC GK
Gateway of Europe Rotterdam

Sick man of Asia Philippines
Land of Golden Pagoda Myanmar
Rainbow Nation South Africa
Eighth Continent Madagascar
Perfumed islands Comoros
Heart of Africa Burundi
Africa of Miniature Cameron
Horn of Africa Somalia
The country that Never Sleeps Spain
Britain of the South New Zealand
Playground of Europe Switzerland
Pink City Jaipur
Pillar of Hercules Gibraltar
Pearl of the Antilles Cuba
Land of Golden Fleece Australia
Land of the Long White Cloud New Zealand
LIST OF SOBRIQUETS OF FAMOUS PLACES IN INDIA

Sobriquets Places
Boston of India Ahmedabad
Manchester of India Ahmedabad
Abode of the God Allahabad
Sangam City Allahabad
City of Prime Ministers Allahabad
Golden City Amritsar
Land of Black Diamond Asansol (West Bengal)
Royal Heritage City Bardhaman (West Bengal)
City of Peace
Electronic City of India
Garden City of India Bengaluru
Silicon Valley of India

Blue Mountain Nilgiri Hills
Pensioners Paradise
Space City
Bengaluru
Science city of India
IT Capital of India

STATIC GK SSC
The Silk City of India Bhagalpur (Bihar)
City of Lakes Bhopal
Mini Mumbai Indore
Temple City of India Bhubaneswar (Odisha)
The City Beautiful Chandigarh
Gateway of South India Chennai
Detroit of Asia
Auto Hub of India
Health Capital of India
Textile City of south India Coimbatore
Scotland of India Coorg (Karnataka)
The Queen of the Hills Darjeeling (West Bengal)
The Coal Capital of India Dhanbad (Jharkhand)
Scotland of East Shillong (Meghalaya)
Tea City of India Dibrugarh (Assam)
Ruhr of India Durgapur (West Bengal)
Eco-polite city Gandhinagar
Gateway of Madhya Pradesh Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh)
City of Scindia Gwalior
Historical Capital of MP Gwalior
City of Kings Gwalior
Gibraltar of India (Gwalior Fort) Gwalior
City of Nizams Hyderabad
HITECH City Hyderabad
City of Pearls (Historically known as a pearl and Hyderabad
diamond trading centre, and it continues to be known
as the City of Pearls)
Pink City Jaipur
Paris of India Jaipur
Golden City of India Jaisalmer (Rajasthan)
Steel City of India Jamshedpur (Jharkhand)
Pittsburgh of India, for being rich in minerals Jamshedpur (Jharkhand)
Leather City of the World Kanpur
Manchester of North India Kanpur
Bengal's Sorrow River Damodar
Cultural City Kolkata, West Bengal
The Place of Victory Vijayawada
Diamond City of India Surat

SSC STATIC GK
Textile city Of India Surat

Blue City Jodhpur (Rajasthan)
Sun City Jodhpur (Rajasthan)
Venice of the East Udaipur
Evergreen City of India Thiruvananthapuram
God’s Own Land Kerala
City of Weavers Panipat (Haryana)
City of Handloom Panipat (Haryana)
City of Rallies New Delhi
Orange City Nagpur
Green City Mysore
IMPORTANT LOCAL WINDS

Chinook Hot, dry wind in Rockies, also called ‘snow eater’
Foehn Hot, dry wind in the Alps.
Khamsin Hot, dry wind in Egypt.
Sirocco Hot, moist wind from Sahara to Mediterranean Sea.
Solano Hot, moist wind from Sahara towards Iberian Peninsula.
Harmattan Hot, dry wind blowing outwards from the interior of W. Africa, also called Guinea
Doctor.
Bora Cold, dry wind blowing outwards from Hungary to the north of Italy (near Adriatic
Sea).
Mistral Very cold wind, which blows down from the Alps over France.
Punas Cold, dry wind blowing down towards the western side of Andes.
Blizzard Very cold winds in Tundra region.
Brickfielder Hot wind in Australia.
Purga Cold wind in Russian tundra.
TRIBAL PEOPLE IN INDIA

Abhors People of Mongoloid stock living in the North-eastern parts of India.
Adivasis Tribals of Bastar district, Chhattisgarh.
Angami Tribals of Nagaland.
Apatanis Tribals of Arunachal Pradesh.
Badagas Tribals of Nilgiri region in Tamil Nadu.
Baiga Tribals of Madhya Pradesh.
Bakkrowals People of Jammu and Kashmir who rear sheep and goats.
Bhils People of Dravidian stock now living in central India (MP) and Rajasthan.
Bhotias Tribals of Garhwal and Kumaon regions in Uttarakhand, and Sikkim and West Bengal.
Birhors A tribal group of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa.
Chenchus Tribals of Andhra Pradesh.
Chutra Tribals of Assam.
Gaddis Tribals of Himachal Pradesh who rear sheep.

STATIC GK SSC
Garos Hill tribe of Meghalaya and Assam.
Gonds Tribals inhabiting forests in Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa.
Gujjars Animal rearers of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.
Irula Tribals of Tamil Nadu.
Jaintias Hill tribe of Meghalaya and Assam.
Jarawas One of the oldest tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands inhabiting little Andamans.
Kanikar Tribals found in Tamil Nadu.
Katkari,Kharia, Tribals of Madhya Pradesh.
Bhuia
Khasis Hill tribe of Meghalaya and Tripura.
Khonds Tribals inhabiting parts of Odisha.
Kol Tribals of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
Kolam Tribals of Andhra Pradesh.
Kotas Tribals of Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu.
Kuki A tribe of Manipur, Assam, Nagaland and Tripura.
Lahaulas Tribals inhabiting Lahaul region in Himachal Pradesh.
Lepchas Original tribal inhabitants of Sikkim.
Lushai Tribals of Mizoram and Tripura.
Murias Tribals of Bastar district of Chhattisgarh.
Mikirs A tribal group of Assam.
Moplahs Muslims of the Malabar district in Kerala.
Munda A tribe of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Tripura and Chhattisgarh.
Onges One of the tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Santhals Tribals living in West Bengal, Jharkhand and Orissa.
Sema Tribals found in Nagaland.
Sentinelese One of the short statured tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Shompens Another tribal group of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Todas Tribals of the Nilgiri hills.
Uralis Tribals inhabiting parts of Kerala.
IMPORTANT DESERTS AND THEIR LOCATIONS

Sahara Desert N. Africa (Includes the Libyan and the Nubian Desert)
Australian Desert Australia (Includes Gibson, Simpson, Victorian, Great Sandy)
Arabian Desert Arab Countries
Kalahari Desert Africa (mainly in Botswana)
Gobi Desert Mongolia
Atacama Desert Central Chile
Patagonian Desert Argentina
Takla Makan Desert Sinkiang, China
Karakum Desert Turkmenistan

SSC STATIC GK
IMPORTANT LINES OF DEMARCATION BETWEEN COUNTRIES

It is the line demarcating the boundaries of Pakistan and Afghanistan. It
Durand Line
was drawn up in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand.
It is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans retreated to
Hindenburg Line
this line in 1917 during World War I.
Mason-Dixon Line It is a line of demarcation between four states in the United States.
It was the 320 kms line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border, drawn
Mannerheim Line
up by General Mannerheim.
It was drawn up by Sir Henry McMahon, demarcating the frontier of India
McMahon Line and China. China did not recognize the McMahon line and crossed it in
1962, which resulted in Indo-China war.
Medicine Line It is the border between Canada and the United States.
It is the border between Poland and Germany, running along the Oder and
Oder-Neisse Line Neisse rivers, adopted at the Poland Conference (Aug 1945) after World
War II.
It was drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcating the boundary between
Radcliffe Line
India and Pakistan.
Line of Actual Control India and china on the northern border.
Line of Control India and Pakistan.
Blue Line Israel and Lebanon.
Purple Line Israel and Syria.
Curson line Poland and Russia.
Siegfried Line It is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.
16th Parallel Angola and Namibia.
It is defined as the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam

17th Parallel
before two were united.
It is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and
24th Parallel
Pakistan. This, however, is not recognized by India.
38th Parallel It is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and South Korea.
49th Parallel It is the boundary between USA and Canada.
Ten Degree Channel It separates Andamans from Nicobars (Little Andaman from Car Nicobar)
Nine Degree Channel It separates Lakshadweep from Minicoy Island.

STATIC GK SSC
Duncan Passage It lies between South Andaman and Little Andaman.
Eight Degree Channel It separates Minicoy Island (India) from Maldives.
MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES OF THE WORLD

Andes
(longest continental
South America Western Ghats Western India
mountain range in
the world)
Karakoram – Hidukush – South
Himalayas Caucasus Europe and Asia
Central Asia
North America
Rockies North America Alaska
Great Dividing
Range or the
Eastern Highlands Europe
East Australia Alps
(fifth-longest land-
based range in the
world)
North America
Pyrenees Europe Appalachian
Pennines
Ural continents of Europe and Asia Europe
IMPORTANT LAGOONS AND LAKES

Vembanad Lake Kerala
Loktak Lake Manipur
Kayals Kerala-Popularly called back water in Kerala. Peaty soils of backwaters are
called Kari in Kerala.
Chilka Lake Odisha—south west of the Mahanadi Delta.
(largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest coastal lagoon in the
world)
Wular Lake Jammu and Kashmir – Largest fresh water lake of India.
Naki Lake Rajasthan- small natural lake near Mt. Abu surrounded by hills important as
tourist place.
Pulicat Lake, Andhra Pradesh
(The second largest
brackish water lake or
lagoon in India, after
chilika lake)
Kolleru Lake
Dhebar Lake (also Rajasthan- Largest fresh water lake of Rajasthan.
known as Jaisamand Dhebar Lake is India's second-largest artificial lake, after Govind Ballabh
lake) Pant Sagar.

SSC STATIC GK
LIST OF IMPORTANT BIRD SANCTUARIES IN INDIA

Bird Sanctuary State Bird Sanctuary State
Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary Andhra Pradesh Mayani Bird Sanctuary Maharashtra
Pulicat Lake Bird Andhra Pradesh Great Indian Bustard Maharashtra
Sanctuary Sanctuary
Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary Goa Chilika bird sanctuary Odisha
Gaga Wildlife Sanctuary Gujarat Keoladeo National Park Rajasthan
(known as Bharatpur Bird
sanctuary)
Kutch Bustard Sanctuary Gujarat Tal Chhapar Sanctuary Rajasthan
Nal Sarovar Bird Gujarat keoladeo park Rajasthan
Sanctuary
Porbandar Bird Sanctuary Gujarat Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu
Thol Lake bird sanctuary Gujarat Vellode Birds Sanctuary Tamil Nadu
Khaparwas Wildlife Haryana Bonal Bird Sanctuary Karnataka
Sanctuary
Gamgul Himachal Gudavi Bird Sanctuary Karnataka
Pradesh
Attiveri Bird Sanctuary Karnataka Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary Karnataka
Bankapura Peacock Karnataka Thattekad Bird Sanctuary Kerala
Sanctuary
Kumarakom Bird Kerala Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary Kerala
Sanctuary
Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary West Bengal
Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary Uttar Pradesh Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary West Bengal
Okhla Sanctuary Uttar Pradesh
LIST OF IMPORTANT PASSES IN INDIA
Name State Between / Separating

Banihal Pass Jammu and Kashmir (Jammu, Kashmir) Jammu & Kashmir
Bomdila Arunachal Pradesh Lhasa (the capital city of Tibet)
& Arunachal Pradesh
Diphu Pass Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh & Myanmar
Jelep La Sikkim Gangtok & Tibet (Lhasha)
Khardung La Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh) Leh & Nubra
Karakoram Pass Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh) Ladakh & Xinjiang (China)
Lipulekh Pass Uttarakhand Uttarakhand & Tibet
Mana Pass Uttarakhand
Nathu La Sikkim Sikkim & Tibet
Palakkad Gap Kerala Kerala & Tamil Nadu
Thamarassery Kerala Malabar & Mysore
Sengottai Kerala Travancore & Tamil Nadu
Rohtang Pass Himachal Pradesh Manali & Lahaul
Sasser Pass Ladakh Nubra & Siachen Glacier
Shipki La Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh & Tibet

STATIC GK SSC
Zojila pass Ladakh Srinagar to Leh
CROPPING SEASONS IN INDIA

India has many growing seasons due to prevalence of high temperature through a long period.
Name of
Sowing Period Harvest Period Major Crops
Crops
Jowar, bajra, rice, maize,
harvested at the end
Beginning of the south-west cotton, groundnut, jute, hemp,
of the south-west
Kharif monsoon. sugarcane, etc.
monsoon
(June to July) Tea, coffee, rubber, soybeans,
(September-October)
oilseeds.
Crops need relatively cool
wheat, barley, gram, linseed,
climate during the period of
tobacco mustard, masoor, pea
growth but warm climate during
Rabi (February-April) and potatoes,
the germination of their seed
pulses.
and maturation.
(October-December)
Zaid kharif crops are
harvested in Pumpkin, watermelon, tori’s
Raised throughout the year due
December-January. plant, cucumber, leafy and
Zaid to artificial irrigation.
Zaid rabi crops are other vegetables.
(March to June)
harvested is in April-
May.
MINES IN INDIA
TOP TOP
MINERAL TYPE MINES PRODUCERS PRODUCERS
(STATES) (COUNTRIES)
Barbil – Koira
Valley(Odisha) 1. Odisha 1. Australia
Bailadila Mine 2. Chattisgarh 2. Brazil
IRON ORE Metallic (Ferrous)
(Chattisgarh) 3. Karnataka 3. China
Dalli-Rajhara 4. India
(Chattisgarh)
Nagpur– Bhandara
Region
(Maharashtra) 1. South Africa
1. Odisha
MANGANESE Metallic (Ferrous) Gondite Mines 2. China
2. Maharashtra
(Odisha) 3. Australia
Khondalite deposits
(Odisha)
Sukinda Valley 1. Odisha
1.South Africa
(Odisha) 2. Karnataka
CHROMITE Metallic (Ferrous) 2.Kazakhstan
Hassan Region 3. Andhra
3.India
(Karnataka) Pradesh
1. Indonesia
Sukinda Valley 1. Odisha
NICKEL Metallic (Ferrous) 2. Phillippines
(Odisha) 2. Jharkhand
3. Russia

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Singhbhum Region
(Jharkhand)
Singhbhum Region 1.Democratic
1. Jharkhand
(Jharkhand) Republic of Congo
COBALT Metallic (Ferrous) 2. Odisha
Kendujhar (Odisha) 2. Russia
3. Nagaland
Tuensang (Nagaland) 3. Australia
Balangir(Odisha)
Koraput (Odisha) 1. Australia
Metallic (Non- 1. Odisha
BAUXITE Gumla(Jharkhand) 2. China
Ferrous) 2. Gujarat
Shahdol (Madhya 3. Brazil
Pradesh)
Malanjkhand Belt
(Madhya Pradesh) 1. Madhya
1. Chile
Metallic (Non- Khetri Belt Pradesh
COPPER 2. Peru
Ferrous) (Rajasthan) 2. Rajasthan
3. China
Kho-Dariba 3. Jharkhand
(Rajasthan)
Kolar Gold Field
(Karnataka)
Hutti Gold Field
1. China
Metallic (Non- (Karnataka) 1. Karnataka
GOLD 2. Russia
Ferrous) Ramagiri Mines 2. Jharkhand
3. Australia
(Andhra Pradesh)
Subarnarekha Sands
(Jharkhand)
Zawar Mines
(Rajasthan)
1. Mexico
Metallic (Non- Tundoo Mines 1. Rajasthan
SILVER 2. Peru
Ferrous) (Jharkhand) 2. Karnataka
3. China
Kolar Gold Fields
(Karnataka)
1. Rajasthan
Rampura Aghucha
2. Andhra 1. China
Metallic (Non- (Rajasthan)
LEAD Pradesh 2. Australia
ferrous) Sindesar Mines
3. Madhya 3. USA
(Rajasthan)
Pradesh
Chhattisgarh 1. China
Metallic (Non- Dantewada
TIN (only state in 2. Indonesia
Ferrous) (Chhattisgarh)
India) 3. Myanmar
Chalk Hills
1. Tamil Nadu 1. China
Metallic (Non- (Tamilnadu)
MAGNESIUM 2. Uttarakhand 2. Russia
Ferrous) Almora
3. Karnataka 3. Turkey
(Uttarakhand)
Jabalpur (Madhya
Pradesh)
1. Madhya 1. China
Satna (Madhya
LIMESTONE Non-Metallic Pradesh 2. USA
Pradesh)
2. Rajasthan 3. India
Cuddapah (Andhra
Pradesh )

STATIC GK SSC
Gudur Mines (Andhra
1. Andhra
Pradesh)
Pradesh 1. China
MICA Non-Metallic Aravalli (Rajasthan)
2. Rajasthan 2. Russia
Koderma
3. Orissa
(Jharkhand)
Bastar, Raigarh
(Chattisgarh) 1. Chattisgarh
DOLOMITE Non-Metallic Birmitrapur (Odisha) 2. Andhra 1. India
Khammam Region Pradesh
(Andhra Pradesh)
1. Rajasthan
Pali (Rajasthan)
2. Andhra 1. Russia
ASBESTOS Non-Metallic Cuddapah (Andhra
Pradesh 2. China
Pradesh)
3. Karnataka
Pavri Mines
(Maharashtra)
1. Jharkhand 1. USA
– Oldest kyanite
KYANITE Non-Metallic 2. Maharashtra 2. China
mine in india
3. Karnataka 3. Japan
Nawargaon Mines
(Maharashtra)
1. Rajasthan 1. USA
Jodhpur, Bikaner,
GYPSUM Non-Metallic 2. Tamil Nadu 2. China
Jaisalmer-Rajasthan
3. Gujarat 3. Iran
Majhgawan Panna
1. Madhya 1. Russia
Mines (Madhya
Pradesh – only 2. Botswana
DIAMOND Non-Metallic Pradesh) – only
diamond 3. Democratic
active diamond mine
producing state Republic of Congo
in India
Korba Coalfield,
Birampur –
Chhattisgarh
Jharia Coalfield,
1. Jharkhand 1. USA
Non-Metallic Bokaro Coalfield,
COAL 2. Odisha 2. Russia
(Energy) Girdih –(Jharkhand)
3. Chhattisgarh 3. Australia
Talcher field –
(Odisha) Singarauli
coalfields (Madhya
Pradesh)
Lunej, Ankleshwar,
Kalol– Gujarat
Mumbai high– 1. USA
Non- 1. Maharashtra
PETROLEUM Maharashtra 2. Russia
Metallic(Energy) 2. Gujarat
Digboi– Assam– 3. Saudi Arabia
Oldest oil filed in
India
Jaduguda mine 1. Andhra
1. Kazakhstan
(Jharkhand) Pradesh
URANIUM Atomic 2. Canada
Tummalapalle mine 2. Jharkhand
3. Australia
(Andhra Pradesh) 3. Karnataka

SSC STATIC GK
Domiasiat Mine
(Meghalaya)
The beach sand on
1. Kerala 1. India
the West Coast of
THORIUM Atomic 2. Jharkhand 2. United States
India, particularly
3. Bihar 3. Australia
in Kerala.
MAP LINES
Isohaline An imaginary line drawn on the map to join places of the ocean having equal
salinity.
Isobar An imaginary line drawn on the map to join places of equal atmospheric
pressure.
Isobaths An imaginary line drawn on the map to join places of equal depth in the ocean.
Isohypse/ Contour An imaginary line drawn on the map to join places of equal height above sea
lines level.
Isohyetes An imaginary line drawn on the map to join places having same amount of
rainfall.
Isopleth An imaginary line drawn on the map to join places of equal value of certain
factors viz. rain fall, precipitation etc.
Isohel An imaginary line drawn on the map to join places having received equal
amount of sunlight.
Isotherm An imaginary line drawn on the map to join equal temperature zones.
Isobathytherm A line representing depths of water with equal temperature.
Isotach A line representing points where ice begins to melt at the same time each
spring.
Isostere A line representing points of equal atmospheric density.
FACTS ABOUT SOLAR SYSTEM

Biggest Planet Jupiter Coldest Planet Neptune
Smallest Planet Mercury Hottest Planet Venus
Nearest Planet to Sun Mercury Heaviest Planet Jupiter
Farthest Planet from Sun Neptune Red Planet Mars
Nearest Planet to Earth Venus Biggest Satellite Ganymede
Brightest Planet Venus Smallest Satellite Deimos
Brightest star after Sun Sirius Blue Planet Earth
Planet with maximum satellites Saturn Morning/Evening Star Venus
Lord of the Heavens Jupiter Earth’s Twin Venus
Greatest Diurnal Temperature Mercury Green Planet Uranus
NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF SOME IMPORTANT COUNTRIES

Country Emblem Country Emblem
India Lion Capital New Zealand Coat of Arms, Kiwi
Bangladesh Water Lily Germany The Federal Eagle,
cornflower

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Netherlands Lion Norway Lion
U.K. Rose France Lily
U.S.A. Golden Rod Iran Rose
Italy White Lily Spain coat of arms, Eagle
Australia Golden Wattle Canada Maple Leaf, Lily
GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES
Discovery Discoverer Discovery Discoverer
America Christopher Columbus New foundland John Cabot
Sea route to India via Vasco-da-gama Hudson bay Henry Hudson
Cape of Good Hope
Solar system Copernicus Sailor of the world Ferdinand Magellan
Planets Kepler Mount Everest Edmond Hillary
South pole Amundsen First person to set foot on Neil Armstrong
moon
North pole Robert Peary Tasmania island Tasman
China Marco polo Cape of the good hope Bartolomeu Dias
LIST OF JOINT EXERCISES BETWEEN INDIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES:

COUNTRIES FORCE EXERCISE NAME
India & United States Army YUDH ABHYAS
India & United States Navy SALVEX
India & United States Military VAJRA PRAHAR
India & United States Air force COPE INDIA
India &United Kingdom Army AJEYA WARRIOR
India & United Kingdom Maritime KONKAN
India & United Kingdom Air Force INDRA DHANUSH
India & France Air Force GARUDA
India & France Navy VARUNA
India & France Military SHAKTI
India & Russia Army (upgraded to Army, Navy INDRA
& Air force)
India & China Military HAND IN HAND
India & Australia Maritime AUSINDEX
India & Japan Coast Guards SAHYOG KAIJIN
India & Japan Maritime JIMEX (Japan India Maritime Exercise)
India & Singapore Military AGNI WARRIOR (Code Name)
India & Singapore Army BOLD KURUKSHETRA
India & Singapore Navy SIMBEX
India & Thailand Military MAITREE
India & Indonesia Military GARUDA SHAKTI
India & Indonesia Navy IND-INDO CORPAT
(CO-ORDINATED PATROL)

SSC STATIC GK
India & Sri Lanka Army MITRA SHAKTI

India & Sri Lanka Navy SLINEX
India & Oman Navy NASEEM AL BAHR
India & Oman Army AL NAGAH
India & UAE Air force DESERT EAGLE
India & Seychelles Military LAMITYE
India & Kyrgyzstan Military KHANJAR

India & Mongolia Military NOMADIC ELEPHANT
India & Bangladesh Military SAMPRITI
India & Kazakhstan Army PRABAL DOSTYK
India & Nepal Army SURYA KIRAN
India & Maldives Military EKUVERIN
TRILATERAL EXERCISES:
MALABAR EXERCISE:
Force: Navy
Countries: India, Japan and United States Navies (Japan became a permanent partner in 2015).
Objective: “Submarine Hunting”.
About: The 8-day long Malabar exercise consist of both ashore and at-sea activities including anti-
submarine warfare, familiarization with inter-operability between maritime forces, search and rescue and
seizure missions and many other drills.
DOSTI EXERCISE:
Force: Navy
Countries: India, Sri Lanka and Maldives
Objective: With International piracy extending its tentacles to Indian Ocean, Coast guards of India, Sri
Lanka and Maldives are aimed at achieving inter-operability.
About: This exercise focuses on Maritime search and rescue, Marine Pollution Response and Boarding
operations.
IBSAMAR EXERCISE:
Force: Navy
Countries: India, South Africa and Brazil
Objective: Increasing common understanding maritime security between them and increasing
interoperability among navies of three countries.
About: This exercise conducted in two phases namely Harbour phase and Sea phase.
MULTINATIONAL EXERCISES:
KOMODO EXERCISE:
Force: Navy
Countries: India, Indonesia, USA, China, Russia, New Zealand, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia,
Brunei, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines and Laos.
Objective: Humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.
MILAN EXERCISE:
Force: Navy

STATIC GK SSC
Countries: India, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius,
Myanmar, New Zealand, Philippines, Seychelles, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and Thailand.
MISSILES OF INDIA
BALLISTIC MISSILE:
A ballistic missile is a missile (rocket) that follows a ballistic trajectory with the objective of delivering
one or more warheads to a predetermined target. These missiles are guided for the brief duration just
in starting phase of trajectory and the rest of the path is like a free-falling projectile under gravity.
AIR TO AIR MISSILE:

The Air to Air missile is launched from an aircraft to destroy enemy aircraft. The Missile flies at the speed
of Mach 4.
MISSILE ORIGIN TYPE RANGE

NAME
Astra India Active radar homing beyond-visual-range air- 80 -110 km
to-air missile (BVRAAM) Air-to-Air Missiles
K-100 Russia & India Medium Range air-to-air missile 300 - 400 km
SURFACE TO AIR MISSILE:

A Surface to air missile is designed for launch from the ground to destroy aerial targets like aircrafts,
helicopters and even ballistic missiles. These missiles are generally called air defence systems as they
defend any aerial attacks from the enemy.
MISSILE NAME ORIGIN TYPE RANGE

Akash India Medium-range surface-to-air missile 30-35 km
Barak 8 Israel / Long Range surface to air Missile 100 km
India
Trishul India Short Range surface to air missile 9 km
Pradyumna Ballistic India Ballistic Missile interceptor, surface to air 300 to 2,000 km
Missile Interceptor or missile
Prithvi Air Defence
(PAD)
Prithvi Air Defence India Exo - atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile Altitude- 80km
(PAD)
Advanced Air India Endo atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile Altitude- 30km
Defence (AAD)
Prithvi Defence India Exo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile Altitude- 120km
Vehicle (PDV)
SURFACE TO SURFACE MISSILE:

A Surface to Surface missile is a guided projectile launched from a hand held, vehicle mounted, trailer
mounted or fixed installation. It is often powered by a rocket motor or sometimes fired by an explosive
charge since the launch platform is stationary.

SSC STATIC GK

Agni-I India Short-range ballistic missile 700-1250 km
(MRBM)
Agni-II India Strategic ballistic 2,000–3,000 km
missile(IRBM)
Agni-III India Intermediate-range ballistic 3,500 km – 5,000 km
missile(IRBM)
Agni-IV India Intermediate-range ballistic 3,000 – 4,000 km
missile(IRBM)
Agni-V India Intercontinental ballistic 5000 – 8000Km
missile(ICBM)
Agni-VI India four-stage intercontinental 8,000 km to 12,000 km
ballistic missile
Prithvi I India Short Range Ballistic 150 km
Missile(Tactical)
Prithvi II India Short Range Ballistic 350 km
Missile(Tactical)
Prithvi III India Short Range Ballistic 350 km to 600 km
Missile(Tactical)
Dhanush India Short Range Ballistic 350 – 1000 km
Missile(Tactical)
Prahaar(Pragati) India Short Range Ballistic 150 km
Missile(Tactical)
Shaurya India Hypersonic surface-to-surface 750 to 1,900 km
tactical missile Medium-Range
Ballistic Missile (MRBM)
SUBMARINE LAUNCHED BALLISTIC MISSILE:

Sagarika (K-15) India Ballistic Missile 750 km
K-4 India Ballistic Missile 3,500–5,000 km
K-5 India Ballistic Missile 5,000 km
Ashwin India Ballistic Missile 150-200 km
ANTI TANK MISSILE:

An Anti-tank missile is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armoured tanks
and other armoured fighting vehicles. Anti-tank missiles could be launched from aircrafts, helicopters,
tanks and also from shoulder mounted launcher.
Nag India Anti-Tank Guided Missile 4 km
Helina(Helicopter India Anti-Tank Guided Missile 7-8 km

launched NAG)
Amogha-1 India Anti-Tank Guided Missile 2.8 km
Ashwin Ballistic India Ballistic Missile interceptor / 150 km+

Missile Interceptor or anti-aircraft missile

STATIC GK SSC
Advanced Air Defence
(AAD)
CRUISE MISSILE:
A cruise missile is a guided missile used against terrestrial targets that remain in the atmosphere and
flies the major portion of its flight path at approximately constant speed. These missiles are self-
navigating and fly at extremely low altitudes to avoid being caught by radars. Cruise missiles are
designed to deliver a large warhead over long distances with high accuracy.
MISSILE
ORIGIN TYPE RANGE
NAME
Subsonic cruise missile(Ship,
Nirbhay India 1,000 - 1500 km
submarine, aircraft and land)
Fastest Cruise Missile in the world
India &
BrahMos Supersonic cruise missile(Ship, 290 - 600 km
Russia
submarine, aircraft and land)
India & Hypersonic cruise missile(Ship,
BrahMos II 400 – 450 km
Russia submarine, aircraft and land)
India &
BrahMos-A Air launched Cruise Missile. 450 km
Russia
India & Smaller variant of the air-launched
Brahmos-M 290 km
Russia BrahMos
India & Mini version based on the existing
BrahMos-NG 290 km
Russia BrahMos
POLITY
CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITTEES
COMMITTEES DURING THE MAKING OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION PRESIDENT
Committee on the Rules of Procedure, Rajendra Prasad

Steering Committee, Finance and Staff Committee,
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag
States Committee, Union Powers Committee Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Vallabhbhai Patel
Excluded Areas, Provisional Constitution Committee, States Committee
Drafting Committee B.R. Ambedkar
House Committee B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly G.V. Mavalankar
Minorities Sub-Committee H.C. Mookherjee

SSC STATIC GK
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee J.B. Kripalani
Order of Business Committee K.M. Munshi
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Excluded and Partially Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded Areas Sub-Committee
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee A.V Thakkar
Language Committee Moturi Satyanarayana
Order of Business Committee K.M Munshi
PARTS OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

PARTS ARTICLES ABOUT
Part I Articles 1-4 Territory of India, admission, establishment or formation of

new states
Part II Articles 5-11 Citizenship
Part III Articles 12-35 Fundamental Rights
Part IV Articles 36-51 Directive Principles of State Policy
Part IV A Article 51A Duties of a citizen of India. It was added by the 42nd
Amendment in 1976
Part V Articles 52-151 Government at the Union level
Part VI Articles 152-237 Government at the State level
Part VII Article 238 Deals with states in Part B of the First Schedule. It was
repealed by 7thAmedment in 1956.
Part VIII Articles 239-242 Administration of Union Territories
Part IX Article 243 – 243O Panchayats
Part IX A Article 243P – 243ZG Municipalities
Part IX B Article 243ZH – 243ZT Co-operative societies
Part X Articles 244-244A Scheduled and tribal areas
Part XI Articles 245-263 Relations between the Union and States
Part XII Articles 264–300 Finance, property, contracts and suits
Part XIII Articles 301-307 Trade, commerce and travel within the territory of India
Part XIV Articles 308-323 Services under the Union and States
Part XIV-A Articles 323A – 323B Added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 and deals with
administrative tribunals to hear disputes and other
complaints - Tribunals

STATIC GK SSC
Part XV Articles 324-329 Election and Election Commission
Part XVI Articles 330-342 special provision to certain classes ST/SC and Anglo
Indians
Part XVII Articles 343-351 Official languages
Part XVIII Articles 352-360 Emergency provisions
Part XIX Articles 361-367 Miscellaneous provision regarding exemption of the

President and governors from criminal proceedings
Part XX Articles 368 Amendment of Constitution
Part XXI Articles 369-392 Temporary, transitional and special provisions
Part XXII Articles 393-395 Short title, commencement and repeal of the Constitution
SCHEDULES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

SCHEDULES ABOUT
First Schedule List of States and Union Territories.
Salary of President, Governors, Chief Judges, Judges of High Court and
Supreme Court, Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), Attorney General
Second Schedule
(AG),Speaker /Deputy Speaker or Chairman/Vice Chairman of Loksabha,
Rajyasabha and State legislature assembly or Councils.
Third Schedule Forms of Oaths and affirmations.
Fourth schedule enumerates the allocation of Rajya Sabha seats to States or
Fourth Schedule
Union Territories.
Fifth Schedule Administration and control of Scheduled areas and tribes.
Provisions for administration of Tribal Areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and
Sixth Schedule
Mizoram.
Gives allocation of powers and functions between Union and States. It contains
Seventh Schedule 3 lists- Union List (For central Govt) / States List (Powers of State Govt) /
Concurrent List (Both Union and States).
Eighth Schedule List of 22 languages of India recognized by Constitution
Added by 1st amendment in 1951. Contains acts and orders related to land
Ninth Schedule
tenure, land tax, railways, industries.
Added by 52nd amendment in 1985. Contains provisions of disqualification of
Tenth Schedule
grounds of defection.
Eleventh Schedule By 73rd amendment in 1992. Contain provisions of Panchayati Raj.
Twelfth Schedule By 74th amendment in 1992. Contains provisions of Municipal Corporation.
IMPORTANT CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACTS

Constitutional
Amended Subjects
Amendment Act
Right to equality, Right to liberty and Right to property were restricted
in public interest.
1st Amendment (1951)
The Land Reform Acts were put into Ninth Schedule to make them out
of jurisdiction of the Courts.

SSC STATIC GK
The sessions of legislatures, appointment of judges and provision of

seats were also changed.
State reorganisation in 14 States and 6 Union Territories
Reallocation of seats in the House of the People, the Council of States
and the State Legislature.
Provision for the appointment of acting and additional judges and
7th Amendment (1956)
jurisdiction High Courts.
Provisions for Union Territories
Special provisions for the States of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and
Bombay
21st Amendment (1967) Sindhi language was added into 8th Schedule of Indian Constitution.
36th Amendment (1975) Full-fledged state status to Sikkim.
The words ‘Secular’, ‘Socialist’ and ‘Integrity’ added in the Preamble.
The validity of the Constitutional Amendment cannot be questioned in
any Court- 368(4).
Extension of the Directive Principles of State Policy.
Primacy given to the Directive Principles of State Policy over the
Fundamental Rights.
The Fundamental duties added.
Restriction on the Fundamental Rights widened.
The power of Judicial Review of the Courts was restricted.
The duration of the House of the People and the Legislative Assemblies
of the State extended to 6 years.
Provisions were made for the participation of the workers in the
management of industries.
Provisions for the protection of environment, forests and wildlife.
Provisions for the protection of the children and the youth against
exploitation.
42nd Amendment No quorum shall be required for conducting the meeting of the House
(1976) of the People and the Legislative Assemblies of the State.
Popularly called as “Mini- The Right of the Supreme Court to examine the validity of the laws of
Constitution” the State under Article 32A abolished.
The Jury System was given importance in the functioning of the
Courts.
The President shall be bound by the advice of the Council of Ministers.
The Central Government was given the power to send Central Forces
in any State or part of State to control of such forces shall rest with
the Central Government.
Emergency Provisions:
(a) National Emergency may be proclaimed in a part of the Territory of
India.
(b) The one-time duration of the President rule in a State under the
Article 356 was extended from 6 months to one year.
Some subjects – protection of the forest and the wildlife, education,
weight and measures, population control and judicial administration
shifted to the Concurrent List.
Provisions for the establishment of the administrative tribunals for
public servants.
44th The Fundamental Right to Property was abolished.

STATIC GK SSC
Amendment The term of the Lok Sabha and the Legislative Assemblies of the
(1978) States reduced to 5 years.
The disputes relating to the qualifications of the members of the
Parliament and the State Legislature shall be decided by the President
and the Governors, respectively.
The provisions regarding quorum in the legislatures was changed to as
these were before 42nd Amendment.
It was provided that disputes relating to the election of the President
and the Vice-President shall be decided by the Supreme Court and
that of the election of the member of the parliament and the State
legislature shall be decided by the High Courts.
The National Emergency shall not be proclaimed except on the written
recommendation of the cabinet.
The amendment provided the provisions for defection of Members of
52nd Amendment
Parliament and State Legislatures from one political to another.
(1985)
It inserted 10th Schedule of the Constitution.
61st Amendment The minimum age limit prescribed to get the Voting Right was reduced
(1988) to 18 years from 21 years.
The Union Territory of Delhi was named as the National Capital
69th Amendment
Territory of Delhi. It also provided for a 70-member State Assembly
(1991)
for Delhi.
71st
Amendment Included Konkani, Manipuri &Nepali languages in 8th schedule
Act (1992)
Provisions relating to the Constitution, elections, finance and functions
73rd Amendment
of the Panchayati Raj bodies. 11th schedule was added to deal with it.
(1992)
It also inserted Part IX.
Provisions relating to the Constitution, Elections, Finance and functions
74th Amendment
of the Municipalities. 12th schedule was added to deal with it. It also
(1992)
inserted Part IX A.
It made elementary education a fundamental right.
86th Amendment
It changed the subject matter of Article 45 in Directive Principles.
(2002)
It added a new Fundamental Duty under Article 51A
It made a provision for service tax by inserting Article 268 A. Taxes on
88th Amendment services are levied by the Centre but there proceeds are collected as
(2003) well as appropriated by both the Centre and the States in accordance
with the principles formulated by the Parliament.
It included four more languages in the eight Schedule, viz, Bodo,
92nd Amendment
Dogri, Mathilli and Santhali. With this, the total number of
(2003)
constitutionally recognised languages increased to 22.
100th
Land boundary agreement between India and Bangladesh
Amendment
Amended 1st schedule of Constitution Act.
(2015)
101st
Amendment Goods and Service Tax (GST) was introduced.
(2016)
102nd Amendment
Establishment of National Commission for Backward Classes.
(2018)

SSC STATIC GK
A maximum of 10% Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections of

103rd Amendment
citizens of classes other than socially and educationally backward
(2019)
classes of citizens or the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
104th Amendment It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
(2020) and states assemblies.
THE PRESIDENTS OF INDIA

S.NO NAME PERIOD DESCRIPTION
First president of Independent India
Longest serving President
26.01.1950 to
1 Dr. Rajendra Prasad Only president to serve 2 or more times in
13.05.1962
office
Awarded the Bharat Ratna
13.05.1962 to First president from South India
2 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
13.05.1967 First Vice President
First president to die in office
Dr. Zakir Hussain (died 13.05.1967 to
3 Shortest serving president
in office) 03.05.1969
First Muslim president
First Acting President
Varahagiri Venkata Giri 03.05.1969 to
First VP to be President
(Acting) 20.07.1969
Awarded the Bharat Ratna
Justice M. Hidayatullah 20.07.1969 to
Served as Chief Justice of India
(Acting) 24.08.1969
24.08.1969 to First person to serve both as Acting
4 Varahagiri Venkata Giri
24.08.1974 President and President of India
Fakruddin Ali Ahmed 24.08.1974 to
5 Second Indian President to die in office
(died in office) 11.02.1977
11.02.1977 to
B.D. Jatti (Acting) Served as CM of Mysore state earlier
25.07.1977
Served as Speaker of Loksabha earlier
Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy 25.07.1977 to First CM of Andhra Pradesh
6
(elected unopposed) 25.07.1982 Youngest President
Renounced Rashtrapathi Bhavan
25.07.1982 to Served as CM of Punjab
7 Giani Zail Singh
25.07.1987 First Sikh to be President
25.07.1987 to
8 R. Venkataraman Served as VP
25.07.1992
Served as CM of Madhya Pradesh
Served as Governor of Andhra Pradesh,
Dr. Shankar Dayal 25.07.1992 to Punjab and Maharashtra
9
Sharma 25.07.1997 8th VP
Received “Living legend of law award
recognition”
First Dalit President
25.07.1997 to
10 K.R. Narayana 1st Keralite to be President
25.07.2002
Oldest President

STATIC GK SSC
25.07.2002 to Was known as People’s President
11 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
25.07.2007 Awarded the Bharat Ratna
Smt. Pratibha Devisingh 25.07.2007 to First woman president
12
Patil 25.07.2012 First female Governor of Rajasthan
25.07.2012 to He was awarded India's highest civilian
13 Pranab Mukherrjee
25.07.2017 honour, the Bharat Ratna.
25.07.2017 till Served as Governor of Bihar
14 Ram Nath Kovind
date Second Dalit president
The Vice-Presidents of India

S.No Name Period
1 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan 1952 to 1962
2 Dr. Zakir Hussain 1962 to 1967
3 Varahagiri Venkata Giri 1967 to 1969
4 Gopal Swarup Pathak 1969 to 1974
5 B.D. Jatti 1974 to 1979
6 Mohammad Hidayatullah 1979 to 1984
7 R. Venkatraman 1984 to 1987
8 Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma 1987 to 1992
9 K.R. Narayanan (non-politician) 1992 to 1997
10 Krishan Kant 1997 to 2002
11 Bhairon Singh Shekhawat 2002 to 2007
12 Mohammad Hamid Ansari(non-politician) 2007 to 2017
13 Venkaih Naidu 2017 till date
Note: Mohammad Hamid Ansari is the 2nd only Vice-President of India after Dr.S. Radhakrishnan who
get a second term consecutively.
THE PRIME MINISTERS OF INDIA

Sl.no NAME PARTY TENURE
1 Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru(died in office) INC 15.8.47 to 27.5.64
Gulzarilal Nanda (Acting) INC 27.5.64 to 9.6.64
2 Lal Bahadur Shastri (died in office) INC 9.6.64 to 11.1.66
Gulzarilal Nanda (Acting) INC 11.1.66 to 24.1.66
3 Indira Gandhi INC 24.1.66 to 24.3.66
4 Morarji Desai Janata Party 24.3.66 to 28.7.69
5 Chaudhary Charan Singh Janata Party (S) 28.7.79 to 14.1.80
6 Indira Gandhi (died in office) Congress (I) 14.1.80 to 31.10.84
7 Rajiv Gandhi Congress (I) 31.10.84 to 2.12.89
8 Vishwanath Pratap Singh (1st to loose Janata Dal 2.12.89 to 10.11.90
confidence in House)
9 Chandra Shekhar SJP/Janata (S) 10.11.90 to 21.6.91
10 P.V. Narasimha Rao Congress (I) 21.6.91 to 16.5.96
11 Atal Bihari Vajpayee (shortest served – 13 BJP 16.5.96 to 1.6.96
days)
12 H.D. Deva Gowda Janata Dal 1.6.96 to 21.4.97
13 Inder Kumar Gujral Janata Dal 21.4.97 to 19.3.98

SSC STATIC GK
14 Atal Bihari Vajpayee BJP 19.3.98 to 22.5. 2004

15 Manmohan Singh INC 22.5.2004 to 26.5.14
16 Narendra Modi BJP 26.5.14 till date
PHYSICS
UNITS:
Basic Units
Physical Quantity SI units Symbol
Length metre m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric Current Ampere A
Temperature kelvin K
Luminous Intensity Candela cd
Amount of Substance mole mol
Supplementary Units
Physical Quantity SI units Symbol
Plane angle radian rad
Solid angle steradian sr
Derived Units
All the units which are expressed in terms of fundamental units are called derived units.
Some of the important derived units are
PHYSICAL QUANTITY SI UNIT DIMENSIONS

Force Newton (kg m/s2) M L T−2
Velocity m/s L T−1
Acceleration m/s2 L T−2
Density (Mass) kg/m3 M L−3
Pressure N/m2 (or) Pascal ML-1T-2
Momentum Ns or kg-m/s ML T−1
Torque Nm ML2T-2
Moment of Inertia Kgm2 M L2
Angular velocity rad/s T−1
Angular Acceleration rad/s2 T−2
Electrical Resistance Ohm = V/A M L2 T−3 I−2
Conductance mho (or) siemens (or) ohm-1 M−1L−2 T3 I2
Capacitance Farad = C/V M−1 L−2T4 I2
Electrical conductivity mho / metre M−1L−3 T3 I2
Electrical Resistivity Ohm -metre ML3 T−3I-2
Electric Potential Volt(V=J/C) M L2 T−3 I−1
Electro Motive Force Volt M L2 T−3 I−1

STATIC GK SSC
Electric Charge Coulomb IT
Wavelength Angstrom (10-10m) L

Frequency Hertz (Hz = s-1) T−1
Surface Tension N/m or J/m2 M T−2
Magnetic Flux Weber (Wb) M L2 T−2 I−1
Magnetic Flux density Tesla = Wb/m2 M T−2 I−1

Power Watt (W) M L2 T−3
Impedance Ohm M L2 T−3 I−2
Inductance Henry(H) M L2 T−2 I−2
Luminous flux Lumen (1 lm = 1 cd sr) J
Some Important Constants

One light year = 9.46 x1012 km.
Gravitational constant = 6.67430 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2.
Acceleration due to Gravity = 9.80665 m/s2.
Planck constant=6.626 x 10-34 Js.
1 Parsec = 3.1 × 1016m = 3.26 light year.
1 atomic mass unit = 1.6 × 10–27kg.
One metre = 3.28 feet.
Density of water = 1000 kg/m3.
Absolute Zero = -273˚C (molecules at rest).
Freezing point of water is 0˚C.
Metric Conversions
1 micro metre = 10-3m
1 nano metre = 10-9m
1 angstrom = 10-10 m
1 picometer = 10-12m
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR PURPOSES

INSTRUMENT PURPOSE
Altimeter Measures altitude (Used in Air crafts)
Ammeter Measures strength of electric current
Anemometer Measures force and velocity of wind and directions
Audiometer Measures intensity and tone of sound
Barograph Continuous recording of Atmospheric pressure
Barometer Measures atmospheric Pressure
Bolometer Measures heat radiation
Vernier Calliper Measures inner and outer diameters of bodies
Calorimeter Measures Quantities of Heat
Cardiogram A record of muscle activity within the heart made by a cardiograph

SSC STATIC GK
A telescope mounted on a graduated scale, used for accurate

Cathetometer
measurement of small vertical distances
For measuring time accurately in spite of motion or variations in
Chronometer
temperature, humidity, and air pressure
Colorimeter Measures the intensity of colour
Commutator A device for reversing the direction of flow of electric current

A thermometer for measuring lower temperatures than a mercury
Cryometer
thermometer will register
A charged particle accelerator which can accelerate charge particles to
Cyclotron
high energies
Dilatometer Measures changes in volume of substances
Dynamo A machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
Dynamometer Which measures the power output of an engine

Electro Encephalography The measurement of electrical activity in different parts of the brain and
(EEG) its recording as a visual trace
For measuring electrical potential without drawing any current from the
Electrometer
circuit
Electroscope For detecting and measuring presence of electric charge
A microscope with high magnification and resolution to view very small
Electron microscope
objects
Endoscope To view internal parts of the body
Fathometer A type of echo sounder - to measure depth of ocean
Fluxmeter For measuring magnetic-flux
Galvanometer For measuring small electric currents
Hydrometer For measuring the relative density of liquids
Hygrometer Measures the humidity of the air or a gas (relative humidity)
Hydrophone A microphone which detects sound waves under water
Hygroscope Which gives an indication of the change in humidity of the air
Lactometer For measuring the density of milk to determine the purity
Machmeter Determines the speed of an aircraft in terms of Mach number
Magnetometer Used for measuring magnetic field
Manometer Measures the pressure acting on a column of fluid

A gauge which measures small distances or thicknesses between its two
Micrometer
faces
Converting sound waves into electrical energy variations which may
Microphone
then be amplified, transmitted, or recorded
Microscope An optical instrument used for viewing very small objects

STATIC GK SSC
Ohmmeter Measures electrical resistance
Ondometer A meter for registering the frequency of electromagnetic waves

An optical instrument for viewing objects that are above the level of
Periscope
direct sight
Photometer Measures the intensity of light
A machine designed to detect and record changes in physiological
Polygraph characteristics, such as a person's pulse and breathing rates, used
especially as a lie detector
Device used to determine the density and co-efficient of expansion of a
Pyknometer
liquid
Pyrheliometer For measurement of direct beam solar irradiance
Pyrometer For measuring high temperatures

Used for taking angular measurements of altitude in astronomy and
Quadrant
navigation
A system for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of
Radar aircraft, ships, by sending out pulses of radio waves which are reflected
off the object back to the source
Radio Micrometer Measures small amounts of radiant energy
Refractometer Measures refractive index
Salinometer Measures the salinity of solution
Sextant Measures the angular distances between objects
Spectroscope An apparatus for producing and recording spectra for examination.
Spectrometer An apparatus used for recording and measuring spectra
Spherometer For the precise measurement of the radius of a sphere.
Sphygmomanometer Measures blood pressure

A device by which two photographs of the same object taken at slightly
Stereoscope different angles are viewed together.(or to view two dimensional
picture)
A medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or
Stethoscope
breathing
Stroboscope For studying periodic motion
Which measures the working speed of an engine especially rotational
Tachometer
speed of a shaft (used in aeroplanes and motor-boats)
Tangent Galvanometer For measuring small electric currents
Telemeter An apparatus for recording the readings of & transmitting them by radio
A device for transmitting telegraph messages as they are keyed, and
Teleprinter
for printing messages received
Thermometer For measuring temperature

SSC STATIC GK
Thermostat A device that automatically regulates temperature
Tonometer For measuring the pitch of musical tones

A device for receiving a radio signal and automatically transmitting
Transponder
reply
Udometer Rain gauge
Measures and uses ultrasonic sound; use to make an Ecogram to detect
Ultrasonoscope
brain tumours, heart defects
Venturimeter Measures the velocity, or flow rate, of fluid flowing through a pipeline
Vernier Measures small sub-division of scale
Viscometer Measures the viscosity of liquids
Voltmeter Measures electric potential between two points
Wattmeter A meter for measuring electric power in watts
Wavemeter Measures the frequency of radio waves
INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS

Invention Inventor
Television J.L. Baird
Radio Marconi
Telephone Alexander Graham Bell
Electricity Benjamin Franklin
Electric Light Bulb Thomas Edison
Thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Radium Marie & Pierre Curie
Electric Telegraph Samuel F. Morse
Telegraph Pavel Schilling
Fountain Pen Lewis E. Waterman
Braille Louis Braille
Dynamo Michael Faraday
Air Pump Otto Von Guericke
Steam Turbine Sir Charles Parsons
Locomotive Richard Trevithick
Railway Engine Stephenson
Gramophone Edison
Cinematograph Edison
Electric Lamp Edison
Movie Projector Edison

STATIC GK SSC
Jet Engine Sir Frank Whittle
Polio Vaccine Jonas Salk
Safety Pin Walter Hunt
Gas lighting William Murdoch
Electromagnet William Sturgeon
X-rays Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen
Cosmic Rays Victor Hess
Bicycle Tyre John Dunlop
Penicillin Sir Alexander Fleming
Insulin Frederick Banting, Charles Best
Hot Air Balloon Jacques and Joseph Montgolfier
Camera (Photographic film) George Eastman
Mercury Thermometer Fahrenheit
Incandescent Bulb Edison
Machine Gun Richard Gatling
Revolver Samuel Colt
Film (with sound) Lee de Forest
rubber (vulcanized) Charles Goodyear
Rubber (waterproof) Charles Macintosh
Ball-Point Pen John J. Loud
Razor (safety) K.G. Gillete
Magnetic Tape Fritz Pfluemer
Transformer and Electric Motor Michael Faraday
Electron J.J. Thomson
Photon Albert Einstein
Vernier Scale Pierre Vernier
Nuclear Reactor Enrico Fermi
Fuel Cell William Robert Glove
Celluloid Alexander Parkes
Hydrogen Bomb Edward Teller
Atomic Bomb J. Robert Oppenheimer
Airplane Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur)
Steam Engine James Watt
Logarithms John Napier
Adding Machine Blaise Pascal
Transformer Otto Blathy
Cinematography Edison

SSC STATIC GK
Stethoscope Rane Laennec

Thermo Flask Dewar
Battery Alessandro Volta
Barometer Evangelista Torricelli
Camera Johann Zahn in1685,first photograph was clicked by
Joseph Nicephore Niepce in the year 1814
Analytical Engine Charles Babbage
Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel
Helicopter Igor Sikorsky
Dynamite Alfred Nobel
First Computer(ENIAC) John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
Lift Elisha G. Otis
Guitar Adolph Rickenbacker AND George Beauchamp
Light Emission Diode Nick Holonyak and Oleg Losev
Laser Printer Gary Starkweather
Mobile Phone Martin Cooper
Microscope Zacharias Janssen
Microwave Oven Percy Spencer
Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg
Google Larry Page
Mozilla Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross
Facebook Mark Zuckerberg
Twitter Evan Williams, Jack Dorsey, and Biz Stone
Microsoft Bill Gates and Paul Allen
Internet Vint Cerf
Email Shiva Ayyadurai
Apple Computers Steve Jobs
World Wide Web (WWW) Sir Tim Berners- Lee
IP Address Robert E. Kahn
Microprocessor Federico Faggin
Ethernet Robert Metcalfe
Hard disk drive Reynold B. Johnson
Toothbrush William Addis
Color Television Hovannes Adamian
Modern Digital Computer John Vincent Atanasoff
Video Game Console Ralph H. Baer
Stainless Steel Harry Brearley

STATIC GK SSC
Sewing Machine Thomas Saint
Compact Disc George H Heilmeier
Liquid Crystal Display James Fergason
Contact Lens Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick
Aspirin Felix Hoffmann
Telescope Hans Lippershey
Fire Extinguisher George William Manby
Elevators Elisha Otis
Fountain Pen Petrache Poenaru
Electron Microscope Ernst Ruska
Reflecting telescope Isaac Newton
Saxophone Adolphe Sax
IMPORTANT INVENTIONS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTORS

Raman Effect Sir C.V. Raman
Bohr Electron Theory
Dalton Atomic Theory
Periodic Table based on Atomic mass Dmitri Mendeleev
Theory of Atom John Dalton
Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner
Quantum Mechanics Max Born
Quantum Theory Max Plank, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein
Law of Conservation of Mass Antoine Lavoisier
Age of the Earth C.C. Patterson
Heliocentrism Nicolaus Copernicus
Heliocentric Model Aristarchus of Samos
Venn Diagram John Venn
Periodic Table based on Atomic Number Mosley
Law of Motion & Gravitation Newton
Laws of Electrical Resistance Ohm
Geometry Euclid
Structure of Atom Ernest Rutherford
Law of Gases Gay Lussac
Electromagnetic Field James Clerk Maxwell
Laws of planetary motion Johannes Kepler
Principle of relativity Galileo Galilei
Law of Motion Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton
Electromagnetic Theory Heinrich Hertz
Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein
Computer Architecture John Von Neumann
Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin
Circulation of the Blood William Harvey

SSC STATIC GK
CHEMISTRY
COMMON NAMES OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

Common Names Chemical Compounds Chemical Formula
Vinegar Acetic Acid CH3COOH
Baking Powder Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO3
Bleaching Powder Calcium hypochlorite Ca(ClO)2
Blue Vitriol Copper Sulphate CuSO4.5H2O
Caustic Potash Potassium Hydroxide KOH
Caustic Soda Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
Chalk (Marble) Calcium Carbonate CaCO3
Chloroform Trichloro Methane CHCl3
Dry Ice Solid Carbon dioxide CO2
Epsom salt Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4
Green Vitriol Ferrous Sulphate FeSO4.7H2O
Gypsum Calcium Sulphate dihydrate CaSO4.2H2O
Heavy Water Deuterium Oxide D2O
Laughing Gas Nitrous Oxide N2O
Borax Sodium Tetraborate decahydrate Na2B4O7.10H2O
Magnesia Magnesium Oxide MgO
Marsh Gas Methane CH4
Mohr’s Salt Ammonium Ferrous Sulphate (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2(H2O)6
(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2(H2O)6
Plaster of Paris Calcium Sulphate 1
CaSO4. H2O
2
Potash Alum Potassium Aluminium Sulphate KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
Quick Lime Calcium Oxide CaO
Sand Silicon Oxide SiO2
Slaked Lime Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2
Sugar Sucrose C12H22O11
T.N.T. Trinitrotoluene C7H5N3O6
Vermelium Mercuric Sulphide HgS
Washing Soda Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3
White Vitriol Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O
Blue Vitriol Crystalline Copper Sulphate Cu2SO4
Oil of Vitriol Sulphuric acid H2SO4
Milk of Magnesia Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2
Pearl Ash Potassium carbonate K2CO3
Aqua Regia Mixture of Hcl and HNO3 (HNO3: Hcl = 1:3)
ACIDS PRESENT IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Fruits Acid Present
Apples Malic
Apricots Malic and Citric
Avocados Tartaric

STATIC GK SSC
Banana Malic
Blackberries Iso citric
Cranberries Citric
Figs Citric
Gooseberries Citric
Grapes Malic and Tartaric
Kumquat Citric
Lemons Citric
Orange Citric
Passion Fruit Malic
Pears Malic
Pineapples Citric
Raspberry Citric
Rosehip Malic
Strawberries Citric
Vegetables Acid Present
Beans Citric
Broccoli Malic
Mushrooms Lactarimic
Potatoes Malic
Rhubarb Malic
Tomatoes Malic
IMPORTANT ALLOYS AND THEIR USES

ALLOYS COMPOSITIONS USES
Brass Cu(70%) + Zn (30%) In making utensils
Bronze Cu(90%) + Sn (10%) In making coins, bell and utensils
German Silver Cu + Zn + Ni In making utensils

(60%+20%+20%)
Rolled gold Cu(90%)+Al(10%) In making cheap ornaments
Gun Metal Cu + Sn + Zn + Pb In making gun, barrels, gears and bearings

(88%+10%+1%+1%)
Delta Metal Cu + Zn + Fe In making blades of aero plane
(60% +38% +2%)
Munz Metal Cu (60%) + Zn (40%) In making coins
Dutch Metal Cu(80%) + Zn (20%) In making Artificial ornaments
Monel Metal Cu(70%) + Ni (30%) For base containing container
Rose Metal Bi + Pb + Sn For making automatic fuse

(50% +28% +22%)
Solder Pb (50%) +Sn (50%) For soldering
Magnalium Al (95%) +Mg (5%) For frame of Aero plane

SSC STATIC GK
Duralumin Al + Cu + Mg + Mn For making utensils

(94% +3% + 2% + 1%)
Type Metal Sn + Pb + Sb In printing industry
(5% + 80% +15%)
Bell Metal Cu (80%) + Sn (20%) For casting bells, statues
Stainless steel Fe + Cr + Ni + C For making utensils and surgical cutlery

(75% +15% +10% +0.05%)
Nickel steel Fe(95%) + Ni(5%) For making electrical wire,
automobile parts
SOME IMPORTANT ORES OF METALS

Ores - Those minerals from which the metals are extracted commercially and economically and with
minimum effort are called Ores of Metals.
Name of Ores Chemical Formulae

Elements
Aluminum (Al) Bauxite, Corundum, Cryolite Al2O3H2O,Al2O3, Na3AlF6
Iron (Fe) Haematite, Magnetite Fe2O3, Fe3O4

Iron Pyrite, Siderite FeS2, FeCO3
Copper (Cu) Copper Pyrite, Copper Glance CuFeS2
Malachite Cu2S,Cu2CO3(OH)2
Zinc (Zn) Zinc Blende, Calamine, Zincite ZnS, ZnCo3, ZNO
Sodium (Na) RockSalt, Borax, Chile salt peter NaCl, Na2B4O7·10H2O , NaNO3
Potassium (K) Carnalite, Salt Peter (Nitre) KMgCl3.6(H2O) ,KNO3
Lead (Pb) Galena, Anglesite PbS, PbSO4
Tin (Sn) Tin Pyrites, Cassiterite Cu2FeSnS4, SnO2
Silver (Ag) Argentite Ag2S
Gold (Au) Calverite, Sylvanite AuTe2, (Au,Ag)Te4
Mercury (Hg) Cinnabar, Calomel HgS, Hg2Cl2
Magnesium (Mg) Dolomite, Carnalite CaMg(CO3)2, Kcl.MgCl2.6H2O,

Magnesite MgCO3
Calcium (Ca) Lime Stone, Dolomite CaCO3, CaMg(CO3)2
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES:

REACTANTS ACID REACTIONS BASE REACTIONS
Litmus Paper Blue to Red Red to Blue
Methyl Orange Orange to Red Orange to Yellow
Phenolphthalein Colourless Colourless to Pink

STATIC GK SSC
USES OF SOME IMPORTANT SALTS
SALTS USES
Sodium Chloride Flavouring agent in food. In saline water for a patient of dehydration (0.9%
NaCl), In the manufacture of HCl etc.
Sodium iodate Iodized salt to prevent Goitre diseases
Sodium Carbonate As washing soda, manufacturing of glass etc.
Sodium Benzoate As a food preservative for pickles.
Potassium nitrate As a fertilizer giving both K & N to the solid, gun powder, match sticks etc.
Calcium phosphate Fertilizer
Alum Purification of water, dyeing industry antiseptic after shave
Vulcanization of rubber Vulcanization is a process of treating the natural rubber with sulphur or
some compound of sulphur under heat.
RAYON Synthetic fibre obtained from cellulose
FUEL GASES & ITS COMPOSITION

GASES COMBINATIONS
Water Gas carbon monoxide + hydrogen
Producer gas CO + N2
Coal Gas mixture of H2, CH4, CO and other gases like N2, C2 H4, O2 etc.,
Oil Gas mixture of H2, CH4, C2H4, CO and other gases like CO2
Gobar Gas CH4 + CO2 + H2
Natural Gas Mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons – methane 85%, ethane, propane butane
etc.
LPG Liquefied petroleum gas – propane, butane and isobutane
VARIOUS GRADES OF COAL

COAL TYPES PROPERTIES
Bituminous Black, soft, smoky, flame, domestic fuel.
Lignite High moisture content burns easily, low calorific value.
Peat Low grade coal produces less heat and more smoke and ash.
Anthracite Superior quality, hardest form, high calorific value, high carbon content.
COMPOUNDS OF METAL AND NON-METAL AND THEIR COMMERCIAL USES

ELEMENTS USES
Ferrous oxide (FeO) In green glass, Ferrous salt
Ferric oxide (Fe3O4) In electroplating of ornaments and formation of ferric salt
Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4. In dye industry, and Mohr’s salt

7H2O)

SSC STATIC GK
Ferric hydroxide [Fe(OH)3] In laboratory reagent and in making medicines
Iodine (I2) Antiseptic, in making tincture of iodine
Bromine (Br2) In dye industry, laboratory reagent
Chlorine (Cl2) Mustard gas, Bleaching Powder
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) In the formation of aquaregia and dyes
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) As a reagent, in purification of petroleum, in lead storage battery
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) As oxidants and reductants, bleaching agent
Hydrogen Sulphides (H2S) In qualitative analysis of basic radical (group separation)
Sulphur (S) Antiseptics, vulcanization of rubber, gun powder, medicine
Ammonia (NH3) As reagent in ice factory
Nitrous oxide (N2O) Laughing gas, Surgery
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Soda water, Fire extinguisher
Carbon monoxide (CO) In phosgene gas(COCl2)
Phosphorous Red (P4) as refrigerant, match industry, white (P4) as rat killing
medicine
Graphite As electrodes
Diamond Ornaments, Glass cutting, Rock drilling
Alum [K2SO4 Al2 (SO4)3. 24 Purification of water and Leather industry

H2O]
Aluminium sulphate In paper industry/fire extinguisher
[Al2(SO4)3. 18H2O]
Anhydrous aluminium chloride Cracking of petroleum
(AlCl3)
Mercuric Chloride (HgCl2) Calomel, Insecticides (Corrosive sublimate)
Mercuric oxide (HgO) Ointment, poison
Mercury (Hg) Thermometer vermillion, amalgam
Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) White pigment
Zinc Sulphate (White vitriol) Lithopone, Eye ointment

(ZnSO4.7H2O)
Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) Textile industry
Zinc oxide (ZnO) Ointment
Zinc (Zn) In battery
Calcium carbide (CaC2) Calcium cyanide and acetylene gas
Bleaching Powder [Ca(OCl)2] Insecticides, Bleaching actions

STATIC GK SSC
Plaster of Paris Statue, Surgery
Calcium sulphate Cement industry

(CaSO4.2H2O)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) Lime and toothpaste
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Soda water, Fire extinguisher
Carbon monoxide (CO) In phosgene gas (COCl2)
Graphite As electrodes
Copper sulphate Insecticides, Electric cells

(CuSO4.5H2O)
Cupric oxide (CuO) Blue and green glass, purification of petroleum
Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O) Red glass, Pesticides
Copper (Cu) Electrical wire
Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) Fertilizer
Sodium Sulphate (Glauber Medicine, cheap glass

salt)
Sodium bicarbonate (Baking Fire extinguisher, bakery for preparing soft bread, reagent
soda)
Sodium Carbonate (Washing Glass industry, Paper industries, Removal of Permanent Hardness of
soda) water
Hydrogen peroxide Oxidants and reductants, Insecticides
Liquid hydrogen Rocket fuel
CATALYSTS AND IT’S USES:

CATALYSTS USES
Fe + Mo Synthesis of NH3 by Haber’s process.
Ni Synthesis of Vanaspati Ghee (hydrogenation)
Pt Synthesis of H2SO4 by Contact process.
NO Manufacture of H2SO4 by the Lead chamber process
Hot Al2O Preparation of Ether from Alcohol
CuCl2 Preparation of chlorine gas by Deacon process
BIOLOGY
VITAMINS SOURCES AND DEFICIENCIES
Fat soluble Vitamins: Vitamins – A, D, E and K
Water soluble Vitamins: Vitamins – B complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12) and C
VITAMIN CHEMICAL NAME DEFICIENCY SOURECES

SSC STATIC GK
Night Blindness Milk, Egg, Cheese, Green

Vitamin A Retinol
Xerophthalmia Vegetable, Fish Liver Oil
Green Vegetables, Ground Nut,
Vitamin B1 Thiamine Beriberi Seed, Liver, Pulses, Egg,
Rapseed.
Cracking of Skin
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Green Vegetables, Milk, Meat
Red-dish Eye
Whitening of Hair,
Niacin or Sugarcane, Milk, Meat, Nut,
Vitamin B3 Pellagra, Mental
Nicotinamide Tomato.
retardness, Diarrhea.
Insomnia, fatigue,
Ground Nut, Potato, Tomato,
Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Acid vomiting, respiratory
Leafy Vegetables, Meat
infections.
Anaemia,
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine Grains, Liver, Meat
Skin Disease
Paralysis,
Vitamin B7 Biotin Milk, Egg, Liver, Meat
Hair Falling, Body pain
Vitamin B9 Folic Acid Anaemia ,Dysentry Vegetables, Pulses, Liver, Egg
Atrophic gastritis,
Vitamin B12 Cynocobalamine Jaundice Milk, Meat
Pernicious anemia
Vitamin C Ascorbic Acid Scurvy Orange, Lemon, Tomato, Chilly
Rickets (in Children)
Vitamin D Calciferol Fish Liver Oil, Milk, Eggs etc.
Osteomalacia (in Adults)
Leafy Vegetables, Milk, Butter,
Vitamin E Tocopherol Less Fertility
Vegetable Oil, Sprouted Wheat
Green Vegetable, Tomato,
Vitamin K Phylloquinone Non-clotting of Blood
Soybean Oil
IMPORTANT PROTEIN & MINERAL DEFICIENCY DISESES

Deficiency Diseases Causes/Symptoms
Children upto the age of five years, who are mainly on
carbohydrate diet instead of mother’s milk, suffer.
Protein Kwashiorkor Children become irritable, cease to grow, lose weight,
skin pigmented, pot belly due to retention of water by
the cells (oederma), mental retardation.
Infants below the age of one year suffer when
breastfeeding is replaced by less nutritive diet, low in
Nutrients Marasmus protein and calories. Muscle degeneration, thinning of
limbs and abdominal wall, ribs prominent, skin
pigmentation and oedema absent.
Iron Deficiency Deficiency of haemoglobin in RBCs, persons look pale,
Iron
(Anaemia) lose appetite and fatigue easily.
Weakness and fatigue, muscle cramps and spasms,
Potassium (K) Hypokalemia Heart palpitations, Numbness, breathing difficulties,
digestive problems.

STATIC GK SSC
Nausea, headache, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle
Sodium (Na) Hyponatremia
weakness, coma.
Enlargement of thyroid due to low iodine content in
Iodine (I) Simple Goitre
drinking water.
Rickets and
Calcium (Ca) Bones become weak.
Osteomalacia
DISEASES CAUSED BY VARIOUS AGENTS

DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA
MODE OF
DISEASE CAUSATIVE AGENT DETAILS
TRANSMISSION
Skin disease that occurs when
Acne vulgaris
Propioni bacterium Direct contact/close hair follicles become clogged with
(or simply acne
acnes contact dead skin cells and oil from the
or pimples)
skin.
Symptoms depend on the route of
Contact with infected
infection. They can range from a
Anthrax Bacillus anthracis animal or by inhaling
skin ulcer with a dark scab to
spores.
difficulty in breathing.
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Water/food Affects small intestine.
Infection causes lesions on the
Xanthomonas
Citrus Canker Air leaves, stems, and fruit of citrus
axonopodis
trees.
Symptoms: sore throat and fever.
The neck may swell in part due to
large lymph nodes. Complications
Corynebacterium
Diphtheria Air/direct contact may include myocarditis,
diphtheriae
inflammation of nerves, kidney
problems, and bleeding problems
due to low blood platelets.
Pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammatory
Streptococcus
[caused by Air borne droplets of condition of the lung affecting
pneumoniae and
bacteria or sneeze primarily the microscopic air sacs
Haemophilus influenza
viruses] known as alveoli.
Ulcers in the lining of stomach
Peptic ulcer Helicobacter pylori and starting part of small
intestine.
Bubonic plague infects lymph
nodes, septicemic plague infects
Plague Yersinia pestis Air/ direct contact
blood vessels, pneumonic plague
infects lungs.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis generally affects the
Tuberculosis Air
tuberculosis lungs.

SSC STATIC GK
High fever for several days.

Weakness, abdominal pain,
Typhoid Salmonella typhi Water
constipation, and headaches also
commonly occur.
DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES
Human Blood exchange, By Severely weakens immunity and
AIDS Immunodeficiency mother to baby by makes way for a number of other
Virus (HIV) pregnancy pathogens.
The disease results in a
Varicella zoster virus
Chicken Pox Air/contact characteristic skin rash that forms
(VZV)
small, itchy blisters
Air borne droplets of Summer are hostile for the virus.
Cold, influenza Rhino viruses,
coughs, physical Most common during winter
(flu) Influenza virus
contact. months.
High fever, headache, vomiting,
Female Aedes
Dengue fever Flavivirus muscle and joint pains, and a
mosquito
characteristic skin rash.
Animal to man, Initial symptoms include fever,
direct contact with headache, muscle pain and chills.
Ebola Ebola virus blood or other body Later, a person may experience
fluids of infected internal bleeding resulting in
persons. coughing or vomiting blood.
Close-contact,
Foot and Mouth coughing and Fever, sore throat, loss of
coxsackievirus A16
Disease sneezing, animal-to- appetite.
animal spread
Affects the liver. Symptoms
Blood Exchange, STD include yellowing of the eyes,
Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus (HBV) [Sexually abdominal pain and dark urine. In
transmitted disease] chronic cases, liver failure, cancer
or scarring can occur.
Symptoms include white spots in
Measles Measles virus Air, physical contact. the mouth, fever, cough, and sore
throat.
Through
Polio or Weak muscles leading to flaccid
Poliovirus contaminated food
Poliomyelitis paralysis.
and water.
Aedes mosquitoes,
Symptoms include fever, rash,
Zika Zika virus such as A. aegypti
joint pain and red eyes.
and A. albopictus
DISEASES CAUSED BY PROTOZOANS
Symptoms may include abdominal
Amoebiasis
Contaminated pain, mild diarrhoea, bloody
(amoebic Entamoeba histolytica
Water/food diarrhoea or severe colitis with
dysentery)
tissue death and perforation.
Kala-Azar or Affects the internal organs,
Visceral Leishmania parasites Sand flies usually the spleen, liver and bone
leishmaniasis marrow.

STATIC GK SSC
Symptoms may include fever,
weight loss and swelling of the
spleen or liver.
Symptoms that typically include
Different species of
fever, fatigue, vomiting, and
Plasmodium (P. vivax, Female Anopheles
Malaria headaches. In severe cases it can
P. malariae and P. mosquito
cause yellow skin, seizures, coma,
falciparum)
or death.
Symptoms of one to three weeks
may include fevers, headaches
Sleeping Infected tsetse fly and Joint pains. After months
Trypanosoma brucei.
Sickness bites. later second stage includes poor
coordination, confusion and
trouble sleeping.
DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGI
Fungi belonging to the
Skin-skin contact
genera Micro Symptoms: Itchy skin, red-scaly-
Ringworms from both human
Trichophyton and cracked skin,hair loss.
and animals.
Epidermophyton
Wheat leaf rust is a fungal disease
that affects wheat, barley and rye
stems, leaves and grains.The
Rust of wheat Puccinia triticina Air/seeds fungus is an obligate parasite
capable of producing infectious
urediniospores as long as infected
leaf tissue remains alive.
VARIOUS DRUGS AND THEIR USES

Drugs Uses Examples
(a) Codeine, Methadone, Aspirin (2-
acetoxy benzoic acid) is the most
common analgesic. It has antipyretic
(temperature lowering) properties also.
Analgesics Drugs used for relieving pain. (b) These days, aspirin is used for the
prevention of heart attack as it prevents
clotting of blood.
(c) In case of severe pain, narcotics like
morphine, codeine and heroin can also
be used.
Antacids are the drugs which
neutralize excess acid in the
gastric Juices and give relief from
Antacids Mg(OH)2,KHCO3
acid indigestion. They remove the
excess acid and raise the pH to
appropriate level in stomach.
These are mainly weak bases.
Antipyretics It brings down body temperature Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Sodium
during high fever. salicylate

SSC STATIC GK
Antimalarials These are drugs which cure Quinine, Chloroquine.

malaria
It prevents growth of
(i) Dettol (chlorohexenol+terpeneol)
microorganisms or may even kill
Antiseptics (ii) Bithional
them.
(iii) Salol
Not harmful for humans
kills and prevents growth of

Disinfectants microorganisms. (1% of solution of phenol)
Harmful for humans.
Used to treat mental diseases and

Tranquilizers stress. They act on central
Barbituric acid, luminal, seconal.
nervous system and reduce
anxiety.
Penicillin, Streptomycin (for
tuberculosis), Chloroamphenicol (for
Chemicals which are produced by typhoid).
Antibiotics some specific micro-organism and Broad spectrum antibiotics can kill all
are used to kill other micro- range of micro-organisms. e.g.-
organism. Tetracyclin, Sulphadrugs
These are derivative of sulphanilamide
and have antibacterial powers.
(a) These drugs are also used for
Drugs used to treat allergy such treating conjunctivitis (inflammation of
as skin rashes. They are called so conjuctiva) and rhinitis (inflammation of
Antihistamines because allergic reactions are nasal mucosa).
caused due to the liberation of (b) The commonly used antihistamines
histamine in the body. drugs are diphenyl hydraamine,
chloropheniramine, promethazine and
cetrizine.
IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY

Largest and strongest Bone in the body Femur (thigh bone)
Smallest Bone in the body Stapes in ear
Number of Cells in the body 37.2 trillion
Volume of Blood in the body 6 litres (in 70 kg body)
Number of Red Blood Cells (R.B.C.) 1. In male: 4.7 to 6.1 million/microlitre
2. In female: 4.2 to 5.4 million/microliter
Life span of Red Blood Cells (R.B.C.) 100 to 120 days
Life span of White Blood Cell (W.B.C.) 3-4 days
Normal White Blood Cell (W.B.C.) count 4000-11000/microliter
Time taken by R.B.C. to complete 60 seconds
one cycle of circulation
Other name of Red Blood Cell (R.B.C.) Erythrocytes
Largest White Blood Cells Monocytes

STATIC GK SSC
Smallest White Blood Cells Lymphocyte
Who discovered Blood Group Karl Landsteiner
Blood Platelets count 150,000 – 400,000 platelets per micro litre
Haemoglobin (Hb) 1. In male: 13.5 - 17.5 gm/deciliter of blood
2. In female: 12 - 15.5 gm/deciliter of blood
pH of Urine 6.0 - 7.5
pH of Blood 7.35 - 7.45
Volume of Semen 1.5 - 5 ml/ejaculation
Normal Sperm Count 15 - 200 million sperm per litre of semen
Menstrual cycle 28 days
Menopause age 40 - 50 years
Normal Blood clotting time 10 - 13 seconds
Weight of Brain 1300 - 1400 gm in human adult
Normal Blood Pressure (B.P.) 120/80 mm Hg
Universal blood donor O-
Universal blood recipient AB+
Average body weight 70 kg
Normal body temperature 37˚ Celsius
Breathing Rate at rest 12 – 16 /minute
Number of Spinal Nerves 31 pairs
Largest Endocrine Gland Thyroid gland
Gestation period 40 weeks or 9 calendar months
Normal Heart Beat at rest 72 beats per minute
Largest Gland Liver
Largest Muscle in the body Gluteus Maximums or Buttock Muscle
Smallest Muscle in the body Stapedius
Largest Artery Aorta
Largest Vein Inferior Vena Cava
Largest and longest Nerve Sciatic Nerve
Longest Cell Neurons (nerve cells)
Minimum distance for proper vision 25 cm
Pulse rate 72 per minute
Thinnest Skin Eyelids
Weight of Heart 200-300 gm
COMMON HUMAN DISEASES AND AFFECTED BODY PART

Disease Affected Body Part Disease Affected Body Part
AIDS Immune system of the body Hepatitis Liver
Arthritis Joints Jaundice Liver
Asthma Bronchial muscles Malaria Spleen
Bronchitis Lungs Meningitis Brain and Spinal cord
Carditis Heart Myelitis Spinal Cord
Cataract Eye Neuritis Nerves

SSC STATIC GK
Cystitis Bladder Otitis Ear

Colitis Intestine Osteomyelitis Bones
Conjunctivitis Eye Paralysis Nerves and limb
Dermatitis Skin Pyorrhea Teeth
Diabetes Pancreas and blood Peritonitis Abdomen
Diphtheria Throat Pneumonia Lungs
Eczema Skin Rhinitis Nose
Goitre Thyroid gland Rheumatism Joints
Glossitis Tongue Tuberculosis Lungs
Glaucoma Eye Tonsillitis Tonsils
Gastritis Stomach Trachoma Eye
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF VARIOUS BRANCHES

Acarology The study of ticks and mites
Actinobiology The study of the effects of radiation on living organisms
Actinology The study of the effect of light on chemicals
Aerobiology A branch of biology that studies organic particles that are transported by
the air
Aerology The study of air and the atmosphere
Agrobiology The study of plant nutrition and growth in relation to soil
Agrology The branch of soil science dealing with the production of crops
Agrostology The study of grasses
Algology (Phycology) The study of algae
Allergology The study of the causes and treatment of allergies
Andrology The study of male health
Angiology The study of the anatomy of blood and lymph vascular systems
Anthropology The study of humans
Apiology The study of honey bees
Archaeology The study of past cultures
Areology The study of Mars
Astrobiology The study of life on earth and in space
Audiology The study of hearing
Bioecology The study of interaction of life in the environment
Cardiology The study of the heart
Coniology The study of dust in the atmosphere and its effects on living organisms
Cosmology Study of Universe
Craniology The study of the characteristics of the skull
Cryology The study of very low temperatures and related phenomena
Cynology The study of dogs
Cytology The study of cells
Dendrochronology The study of the age of trees and the records in their rings
Dendrology The study of trees
Dermatology The study of the skin

STATIC GK SSC
Ecology The study of the relationships between living organisms and their
environment
Embryology The study of embryos
Endocrinology The study of internal secretory glands
Entomology The study of insects
Epidemiology The study of the origin and spread of diseases
Ethology The study of animal behaviour
Exobiology The study of life in outer space
Exogeology The study of geology of celestial bodies
Felinology The study of cats
Gastrology or The study of the stomach and intestines
Gastroenterology
Geochronology The study of the age of the Earth
Geology The study of the Earth
Geomorphology The study of present – day landforms
Gerontology The study of old age
Glaciology The study of glaciers
Gynaecology The study of medicine relating to female reproductive system.
Heliology The study of the sun
Helioseismology The study of the solar interior using observations of waves on Sun’s surface.
Helminthology The study of parasitic worms
Haematology The study of blood
Hepatology The study of the liver
Herbology The study of the therapeutic use of plants
Herpetology The study of reptiles and amphibians
Histology The study of living tissues
Histopathology The study of the microscopic structure of diseased tissue
Hydrogeology The study of underground water
Hydrology The study of water
Ichnology The study of fossil footprints tracks and burrows
Ichthyology The study of fish
Immunology The study of the immune system
Lepidopterology The study of butterflies and moths
Limnology The study of inland aquatic ecosystems
Lithology The study of rocks
Lymphology The study of the lymphatic system, including its functions, mechanisms and
pathology
Malacology The study of molluscs
Meteorology The study of weather
Metrology The study of measurement
Microbiology The study of microorganisms
Micrology The science of preparing and handling microscopic objects
Mycology The study of fungi
Myology The scientific study of muscles
Myrmecology The study of ants
Nanotechnology The study of machines at the molecular level

SSC STATIC GK
Nanotribology The study of friction, wear, adhesion and lubrication phenomenon at the
molecular and atomic scale
Nematology The study of nematodes
Neonatology The study of new-born infants
Nephology The study of clouds and cloud formations.
Nephrology The study of the kidneys
Neurology The study of nerves
Neurophysiology The study of the functions of the nervous system
Nosology The study of disease classification
Oceanology The study of oceans
Odontology The study of the teeth
Oncology The study of cancer and Tumours
Oology The study of eggs
Ophiology Study of Snakes
Ophthalmology The study of the eyes
Ornithology The study of birds
Orology The study of mountains and their mapping
Osteology The study of bones
Otolaryngology The study of the ear, nose and throat
Otology The study of the ear
Otorhinolaryngology The study of the ear, nose and throat
Paleoanthropology The study of prehistoric people and human origin
Paleobiology The study of prehistoric life
Paleobotany Branch of botany dealing with the recovery and identification of plant
remains from geological contexts.
Paleontology The study of fossils of ancient life
Palynology The study of pollen
Parasitology The study of parasites
Pathology The study of Diseases
Petrology The study of origin, structure, and composition of rocks
Pharmacology The study of drugs
Phonology The study of vocal sounds
Physiology The study of the mechanisms of living organisms
Phytology The study of plants; botany
Phytopathology The study of plant diseases
Phytosociology The study of the ecology of plant communities
Planktology The study of plankton
Pomology The scientific study of fruits
Posology The study of drug dosage
Psychology The study of mind and behaviour in living creatures
Psychopathology The study of mental illness or disorders
Psychopharmacology The study of the effects of drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking and
behaviour
Psychophysiology The study of the physiological bases of psychological processes
Pulmonology The specialty in medicine that deals with diseases of the lungs and the
respiratory tracts

STATIC GK SSC
Radiology The study of rays usually ionising radiation
Reflexology The study of reflexes or of reflex responses
Rheumatology The study of rheumatic diseases
Rhinology The study of the nose
Seismology The study of earthquakes
Selenology The study of the moon
Serology The study of serum and other body fluids
Sitiology The study of food, diet and nutrition
Sociology The study of society
Somnology The study of sleep
Speleology The study of exploration of caves
Stomatology The study of the mouth
Synecology The study of the ecological interrelationships
Thermology The study of heat
Tocology The study of childbirth and care of mother
Topology The mathematical study of objects that are preserved under continuous
deformations
Toxicology The study of adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and
the treatment
Traumatology The study of wounds and injuries
Tribology The study of friction, lubrication and wear
Trichology The study of hair and the scalp
Typology The study of classification
Virology The study of viruses
Xenobiology The study of synthesizing and manipulating biological devices and systems.
Xylology The study of wood
Zoology The study of animals
Zoopathology The study of animal diseases
Zymology The study of fermentation
SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF PLANTS, FRUITS, TREES, GRAINS, SPICES

Common Name Scientific Name
Onion Allium cepa
Potato Solanum tuberosum
Cucumber Cucumis sativus
Lettuce Lactuca sativa
Carrot Daucus carota subsp. sativus
Tomato Solanam lycopersicum
Brinjal Solanum melongena
Radish Raphanus sativus
Capsicum Capsicum annuum group
Spinach Spinacia oleracea
Pomegranate Punica granatum
Teak Tectona grandis
Tea Camellia sinensis
Mango Mangifera indica

SSC STATIC GK
Apple Malus Domestica

Watermelon Citrullus lanatus
Lemon Citrus Limoni
Orange Citrus aurantium/ Citrus Sinensis
Banana Musa paradisicum
Guava Psidium guajava
Pineapple Ananas Comosus
Maize Zea mays
Rice Oryza sativa
Wheat Triticum aestivum
Jowar Sorghum vulgare
Horse Gram Macrotyloma uniflorum
Red Gram Cajanus Cajan
Green Gram Vigna radiate
Black Gram Vigna mungo
Ginger Zingiber officinale
Garlic Allium sativum
Black Pepper Piper nigrum
Clove Syzygium aromaticum
Turmeric Curcuma longa
Neem Azadirachta indica
Banyan Ficus benghalensis
Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum
Bamboo Bamboosa aridinarifolia/ Bambusoideae
Drumstick Moringa oleifera
Tulsi Ocimum tenuiflorum
Sandalwood Santalum album
Cotton Gossypium herbaceum
Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus
Coconut Cocos nucifera
Mint (Pudina) Mentha arvensis
Coriander Coriandrum sativum
SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF ANIMALS, INSECTS, BIRDS

Common Name Scientific Name
Buffalo Bubalus bubalis
Camel Camelus dromedarius
Cat Felis catus
Cow Bos Taurus
Chameleon Chamaeleonidae
Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
Cobra Serpentes
Nile Crocodile Crocodylus niloticus
Deer Cervidae
Dog Canis lupus familiaris
Donkey Equus asinus

STATIC GK SSC
Dolphin Delphinus delphis
Goat Capra aegagrus hircus
Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibious
Elephant Elephantidae
Fox Vulpes vulpes
Frog Anura ranidae
Giraffe Giraffa camalopardalis
Horse Eqqus caballus
Hyena Hyaenidae
Kangaroo macropodidae
Panther Panthera pardus
Lion Panthera leo
Lizard Lacertilia
Mouse Mus musculus
Pig Sus scrofa domesticus
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus
Rhinoceros Rhinocerotidae
Scorpion Scorpiones
Sea Horse Hippocampus
Sheep Ovis Aries
Squirrel Sciuridae
Tiger Panthera tigris
House fly Musca Domestica
Mosquito Culcidae
Zebra Equus quagga
PHYLUM’S IN ANIMAL KINGDOM

PHYLUM EXAMPLE
Protozoa Amoeba, Paramecium
Porifera Sponges
Cnidaria Hydra, Jelly-Fishes, Sea Anemones and corals
Ctenophora Beroe, Hormiphora, Pleurobrachia
Platyhelminthes Flat worms, Flukes, Tape worms
Nematode Round worms
Annelida Earth worms, Leeches, Sand worms
Arthropoda Prawns, Crabs, Cockroaches, Centipedes, Millipedes, Scorpions, and
Spiders
Mollusca Clams, Oysters, Snails, Cuttle-fishes and Octopus
Echinodermata Starfishes, Sea-urchins, Sea-cucumbers and Sea-lilies
Chordata Balanoglossus, Ascidians, Amphioxus and Vertebrates
PHYLUM’S IN PLANT KINGDOM

PHYLUM EXAMPLE
Bryophytes Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts.
Pteridophytae Horsetails, ferns and club mosses.
Angiosperms Trees, shrubs, vines and flowers.

SSC STATIC GK
Gymnosperms Palms, carpet lawns, etc.
MISCELLANEOUS
IMPORTANT BOOKS
BOOKS AUTHORS
The White Tiger Arvinda Adiga
The Idea of Injustice Amartya Sen
The Economic History of India R.C.Dutt
The Da-Vinci code Dan Brown
Panchatantra Vishnu Sharma
Mudra Rakshasa Vishakhadatta
Ashtadhyayi Panini
Raghuvamsham, Kumarasambhavam, Meghdootam, Kalidasa
Abhigyanshakuntalam
Kama Sutra Vatsyayana Mallanada
Rajatarangini Kalhana
Arthashastra Kautilya (Chanakya)
Bhagwat Gita, Mahabharata Veda Vyasa
Buddha Charita Asvaghosa
Geeta Govind Jayadeva
Shahnama Ferdowsi
Ain-i-Akabari, Akbarnama Abul Fazal
Sahityalahari, Sursagar Surdas
Bijak, Ramayani, Sabar Kabir Das
Humayunnama Gulbadan Begum
Kitab-ul-Hind Al-Biruni
Padmavat Malik Muhammed Jayasi
Eternal India Mrs.Indira Gandhi
Divine Life Sri Aurobindo
Kadambari Bana Bhatta
The Prince Machiavelli
Das Kapital Karl Marx
The Inheritance of Loss Kiran Desai
The Great Indian Novel, India: From Midnight to Shashi Tharoor
Millennium
Odyssey Homer
Jungle Book Rudyard Kipling
Nonstop India Mark Tully
The Fall of a Sparrow Salim Ali
The Sense of an Ending Julian Barnes
The struggle of my life Nelson Mandela
Why I Assassinated Gandhi Nathuram Godse and Gopal Godse

STATIC GK SSC
BOOKS BY SPORTS PERSONS
BOOKS AUTHOR
The Test of My Life Yuvraj Singh
A Shot at History Abhinav Bindra
The Race of My Life Milkha Singh
The Unbreakable Mary Kom
Playing it my way Sachin Tendulkar
Sunny days Sunil Gavaskar
Ace against Odds Sania Mirza
Straight from the heart Kapil Dev
Cricket My Style Kapil Dev
Declared Brendon McCullum
Six Machine Chris Gayle
BOOKS OF FREEDOM ERA

BOOKS AUTHOR
Young India, Harijan, Navjivan, Hind Swaraj, My Experiments Mahatma Gandhi
with Truth, Gokhale; My Political Guru
Kesari, The Maratha, Gita Rahasya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Golden Threshold, Broken Wings Sarojini Naidu
Causes of the Indian Mutiny Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan
Ghulamgiri Jyotirao Phule
To All Fighters of Freedom, Why Socialism? J. P. Narayan
Khudai Khidmatgar and National Movement Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Problems of the East Lord Curzon
My Indian Years Lord Hardinge II
India for Indians Chittaranjan Das
The Spirit of Islam Syed Ameer Ali
Precepts of Jesus, A Gift of Monotheists Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Geetanjali (Nobel Prize Winner Book), Home and The World, Gora, Rabindranath Tagore
Hungry Stones, Chandalika, Chitrangada
Satyarth Prakash Swami Dayanand Saraswati
Anand Math, Sitaram Bankim Chandra Chatterji
History of Congress Pattabhi Sitaramayya
The Indian Struggle Subhas Chandra Bose
Poverty & Un-British Rule in India, Dadabhai Naoroji
Rast Goftar
A Nation in the Making Surendra Nath Banerjee
Unhappy India Lala Lajpat Rai
The Indian War of Independence V. D. Savarkar
India Divided Rajendra Prasad
Neel Darpan Dinbandhu Mitra
What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables B. R. Ambedkar
Karmayogi, Yugantar, Savitri, Life Divine, Essays on Gita, Bande Aurobindo Ghosh
Matram
A Voice of Freedom Nayantara Sahgal

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BOOKS OF SOME IMPORTANT AUTHORS

Books AUTHOR
Wings of fire, India 2020-A vision for the new Millennium,

Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power within India, Target 3 billion, My
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Journey Transforming Dreams into actions,
Turning points, The family and the Nation, Transcendence, Guiding
Souls, Envisioning an Empowered Nation
Revolution 2020: Love, corruption, Ambition
Chetan Bhagat 2 States, One night at the Call Centre, What young India wants, Half
girlfriend
The Circle of Reason, Sea of Poppies, The Glass Palace, The Hungry
Amitav Ghosh
Tide, River of Smoke, Flood of fire, The Shadow lines
Midnight’s Children, The Satanic Verses, Two Years Eight Months and
Salman Rushdie Twenty-Eight Night, Joseph Anton A memoir, Luka and the fire of life,
Fury
A Bend in the River, In a free state, Half a life, An area of darkness, A
V.S.Naipaul
House for Mr.Biswas, India: a Wounded Civilization
The Namesake, Interpreter of Maladies, The lowland, The
Jhumpa Lahiri
Unaccustomed Earth
The God of Small Things, The Cost of living, The End of imagination,
Arundhati Roy The Algebra of infinite justice, Listening to grasshoppers, The Ministry
of Utmost Happiness
Harry Potter, The Casual Vacancy, Fantastic beasts and where to find
J.K. Rowling
them, The Silkworm, Career of Evil
BOOKS AND THEIR AUTHORS

Books Authors
Neither a Hawk nor a Dove Khursdhid Mahmood Kasuri
The Sergeant’s Son Ashim Choudhury
The Cuckoo’s Calling J K Rowling
And then one day Naseeruddin Shah
Gone girl Gillian Flynn
And the Mountains Echoed Khaled Hosseini
The Red Sari (Biography of Sonia Gandhi) Javier Moro
This Town Mark Leibovich
The Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi years Pranab Mukherjee
Romancing with Life Dev Anand
Sourav Ganguli: The Maharaja of Cricket Debasish Datta

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Born Again on the Mountain: A Story of Losing Everything
Arunima Sinha
and Finding I
Let’s Kill Gandhi Tushar Gandhi
When God is a Traveller Arundhati Subramaniyam
Manjil se Jyada Safar(biography of V P Singh) Ram Bahadur Rai
A Call to Honour: In Service of Emergent India Jaswant Singh
The Three Mistakes in My Life, Half Girlfriend Chetan Bhagat
Gulab Bai: The Queen of Nautanki Theatre Deepti Priya Mehrotra
Touch Play (Biography of Prakash Padukone) Dev S Kumar
Out of Comfort Zone: The Autobiography Steve Waugh
Honeymoon James Patterson
The Gods of Antarctica Yashvardhan Shukla
Speed Post Shobha De
The Better Man Anita Nair
Bookless in Baghdad Shashi Tharoor
The Argumentative Indians Dr. Amartya Sen
A Brief History of Time Dr. Stephen Hawking
Firefly: A Fairytale Ritu Beri
Two Lives Vikram Seth
Glass Palace, The Great Derangement Amitav Gosh
A Brief History of Time Stephen Hawking
Freedom from Fear Aung San Suu Kyi
Fasting, Feasting Anita Desai
The Lord of Flies William Golding
Struggle for Change K.B. Lal
Nehru Gazing at Tomorrow H.R.Bhardwaj
Life of Pi Yann Martel
Not Just an Accountant Vinod Rai
The Lowland, Interpreter of Maladies, In Other Words Jhumpa Lahiri
One Day Cricket, The Indian Challenge Ashis Ray
A View from Outside P. Chidambaram
The Year of the Rooster Guy Sorman

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Above Average Amitabh Bagchi
Dalits in India: A Profile Sukhadeo Thorat
The Top of the Raintree Kamalini Sengupta
Terrifying Visions: Golwalkar, the RSS and India Jyotirmaya Sharma
Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam Zahid Hussain
The Splendour of Silence Indu Sundaresan
The Leopard and the Fox: A Pakistani Tragedy Tariq Ali
A Time of Transition: Rajiv Gandhi to the 21st Century Mani Shankar Aiyar
Incarnations: India in 50 lives, The Idea of India Sunil Khilnani
Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience Christophe Jaffrelot
Zest for Life Emile Zola
Don’t Laugh: We are Police B.L.Vohra
Pyre Perumal Murugan

Old History and New Geography - Bifurcating Andhra
Jairam Ramesh
Pradesh
A Life in Diplomacy M.K. Rasgotra
Politics of Opportunism R P N Singh
The Braille edition of the book Exam Warriors Narendra Modi
Mind-Master Viswanathan Anand and Susan Ninan
Hemant Karkare: A Daughter’s Memoir Jui Karkare
Courts of India Ranjan Gogoi
Braille Edition of Exam Warriors Narendra Modi
Bridgital Nation Shri N Chandrasekaran
Girl Power: Indian Women Who Broke The Rules Neha J Hiranandani
From Leeches to Slug Glue: 25 Explosive Ideas that Made
Roopa Pai
(and Are Making) Modern Medicine
150 Years of Celebrating the Mahatma–the South African
Fakir Hassen
Legacy
Turbulence and Triumph: The Modi Years Rahul Agarwal and Bharathi S Pradhan
Savarkar: Echoes from a forgotten past, 1883-1924 Vikram Sampath
First They Erased Our Name: A Rohingya Speaks Habiburahman, Sophie Ansel
Obama: The Call of History Peter Baker
Kashmirs untold story: Declassification Iqbal Chand Malhotra and Maroof Raza

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Sridevi: Girl Woman Superstar Satyarth Nayak
St James House and the History of
The Commonwealth at 70: From Westminster to the World
Parliament Trust
Vivekadeepini Adi Shankaracharya
Listening, Learning and Leading Venkaiah Naidu
My Life, My Mission Baba Ramdev
The New Delhi Conspiracy Meenakshi Lekhi
The Diary of Manu Gandhi Tridip Suhrud

A Prime Minister to Remember- Memories of a Military
Sushil Kumar
Chief
Vivekadeepini Adi Shankaracharya
Lessons Life Taught Me Unknowingly. Anupam Kher
Cricket World Cup: The Indian Challenge Ashis Ray
My Journey Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Making of New India Dr. Bibek Debroy
Whispers of Time Dr. Krishna Saksena
Indian Fiscal Federalism Dr. Y.V. Reddy
Chequered Brillance: The Many Lives of V K Krishna Menon Jairam Ramesh
Designing Destiny: The Heartfulness Way Kamlesh Patel Alias Daaji

The Heartfulness way: Heart-Based Meditations for
Kamlesh Patil & Joshua Pollock
Spiritual Transformation
Darkness to light Lamar Odom
Fire and Fury Corps - Saga of Valour, Fortitude and
Lieutenant General Ranbir Singh
Sacrifice,
Quality, Accreditation, and Ranking – A Silent Revolution in
M Venkaiah Naidu
the Offing in Indian Higher Education
We are Displaced Malala Yousafzai
Saffron Swords Manoshi Sinha Rawal
The New Delhi Conspiracy Meenakshi Lekhi

Law, Justice and Judicial Power- Justice P N Bhagwatis
Mool Chand Sharma
Approach
Khooni Vaisakhi Mr. Suri
Every Vote Counts- The story of Indias Elections Navin Chawla
Virat: The making of a Champion Neeraj Jha, Vidhanshu Kumar
Undaunted: Saving the Idea of India P. Chidambaram

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From Possession to Freedom R Uma Maheswari
The Third Pillar Raghuram Rajan
Undaunted: Saving the Idea of India Ruchir Sharma
Politics of Jugaad: The Coalition Handbook Saba Naqvi
Game Changer Shahid Afridi
Kundan: Saigals Life & Music Sharad Dutt

Shri Harivansh and Shri Ravi Dutt
Chandra Shekhar - The Last Icon of Ideological Politics;
Bajpai.
Defining India: Through Their Eyes Sonia Singh
Function of Data Sovereignty - The Pursuit of Supremacy Vinit Goenka
Ayodhya: City of Faith, City of Discord Valay Singh
Elements of Quantitative Genetics: A Conceptual Approach Prof. Dr Stuti Sharma
Sutranivednachi Sutra- Ek Anbav Dr Roopa Chari
In Pursuit of Justice: An Autobiography Rajinder Sachar
Oh Mizoram P S Sreedharan Pillai
COVID-19: SabhyataKa Sankat Aur Samadhan Kailash Satyarthi
Ayodhya Madhav Bhandari
The Light of Asia: The Poem that Defined the Buddha Jairam Ramesh
The Shaurya Unbound-Tales of Valour of the Central
Om Birla
Reserve Police Force
Dharma: Decoding the Epics for a Meaningful Life Amish Tripathi and Bhavna Roy
Indian Icon: A Cult Called Royal Enfield Amrit Raj
40 Years with Abdul Kalam-Untold Stories Dr A. Sivathanu Pillai
Future of Regional Cooperation in Asia and the Pacific Norman D. Palmer
Guru Nanak Dev Kirpal Singh Ji
Reporting India: My Seventy Year Journey as a Journalist Prem Prakash
Majhi Bhint (My Wall) Rajendra Darda
I am No Messiah Meena Iyer
Boskiyana Radhakrishna Prakashan

Rallabandi Srirama Chakradhar and
Thavaasmi: Life and Skills through the lens of Ramayana
Amara Sarada Deepthi
Rasaathi: The other side of Transgender Sasindran Kallinkeel
Your Best Day is Today! Anupam Kher

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The age of pandemic (1817-1920): How they shaped India
Chinmay Tumbe
and the World
Pandemonium: The Great Indian Banking Tragedy Tamal Bandyopadhyay
Till we Win-Indias Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic Randeep Guleria
Bye Bye Corona Dr Pradeep Kumar Srivastava
Night of the Restless Spirits: Stories from 1984 Sarbpreet Singh
The Fixer: Winning Has A Price. How Much Will You Pay? Suman Dubey
Portraits of Power: Half a Century of Being at Ringside N K Singh
On the Trails of Buddha: A Journey to the East Deepankar Aron
The Battle of Belonging Shashi Tharoor
Mr Prime Minister, We Shrank the Dragon Pradeep Goorha
Deh Vechwa Karani Balasaheb Vikhe Patil

The Khalistan Conspiracy: A former R&AW Officer Unravels
GBS Sindhu
the Path to 1984
Discovering the Heritage of Assam Kumar Padampani Bora
The Very, Extremely, Most Naughty Asura Tales for Kids Anand Neelakantan
Bapu- the Unforgettable Manish Sisodia
A Bouquet of Flowers Dr Krishna Saksena
Kitchens of Gratitude Chef Vikas Khanna
Voices of Dissent Romila Thapar
Azadi: Freedom. Fascism. Fiction. Arundhati Roy
End of an Era, India Exits Tibet Claude Arpi
My Life in Design Gauri Khan
The Little Book of Green Nudges Richard H. Thaler Cass R. Sunstein
Invertonomics: 8 ideas to transform India Goonmeet Singh Chauhan
Nothing to lose Sheela Birnstiel
My story in my own words Sheela Birnstiel
Let Us Dream Pope Francis

The Commonwealth of Cricket: A Lifelong Love Affair with
the Most Subtle and Sophisticated Game Known to Ramchandra Guha
Humankind
Pitching is Straight Gurcharan Singh and MS Unnikrishnan
National Security Challenges: Young Scholars Perspective General M M Naravane

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Cricket Drona Jatin Paranjpe and Anand Vasu
Who painted my lust red? Sree Iyer
Gastric Cancer Jitendra Singh
One Arranged Murder Chetan Bhagat
Full Spectrum: Indias Wars, 1972-2020 Arjun Subramaniam

A bend in time: Writings by children on the COVID-19
Bijal Vachharajani
pandemic
Connecting, Communicating, Changing Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh
Our Only Home: A Climate Appeal to the World Dalai Lama and Franz Alt
Amazing Ayodhya Neena Rai
RAW: A History of Indias Covert Operations Yatish Yadav

Gajendra Singh Shekhawat & Smriti
The Swachh Bharat Kranti
Irani
Vishesh: Code to Win Nirupama Yadav
Siyasat Mein Sadasyata Vijay Kumar Choudary
Greenlights Matthew Mc Conaughey

Best Practices in Digital India Land Records Modernization
Narendra Singh Tomar
Programme
Quest for Restoring Financial Stability in India Viral V Acharya
The India Way: Strategies for an Uncertain World Dr S Jaishankar
The Endgame Hussain Zaidi
The Tangrams Pema Kandu
If it Bleeds Stephen King
A Song of India Ruskin Bond

His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama: An Illustrated
Tenzin Geyche Tethong
Biography
Getting Competitive: A Practitioners Guide for India R C Bargava
Overdraft: Saving the Indian Saver Urjit Patel
Legend of Suheldev: The King who saved India Amish Tripath
Naoroji Pioneer of Indian Nationalism Dinyar Patel
Lockdown Liaisons Shobhaa De
The Ickabog JK Rowling
Hop-On: My Adventures on Boats, Trains and Planes Ruskin Bond
Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from Quarantined City Fang Fang

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Vijyant at Kargil: The life of a Kargil War Hero Col. VN Thapar and Neha Dwivedi
Prof. B.B. Lal: India Rediscovered Prahlad Singh Patel
Sayajirao Gaekwad III: The Maharaja of Baroda Uma Balasubramaniam
Shuttling to the top: The story of PV Sindhu V.Krishnaswamy
The art of her Deal: The untold story of Melania Trump Mary Jordan
The death of Jesus J M Coetzee
Chronicles of Change Champions Smriti Zubin Irani
A Commentary and Digest on The Air, Act 1981 Apoorva Kumar Singh
The Bloomsbury Anthology of Great Indian Poems Abhay K.

Karmayoddha Granth Amit Shah
SUPERLATIVES IN INDIA
The longest river Bridge Bhupen Hazarika Setu, Lohit River (Assam)
The largest animal Fair Sonepur (Bihar)
The largest Auditorium Sri Shanmukhananda Hall, Mumbai
The largest Lake Vembanad Lake, Kerala
The highest Dam Tehri Dam on Bhagirathi River
The longest Dam Hirakud Dam, on River Mahanadhi (15 km, Odisha)
The largest Desert Thar Desert (Rajasthan)
The largest cave Temple Kailash Temple (Ellora, Maharashtra)
The largest Zoo Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park
The largest Mosque Taj-ul-Masjid (Madya Pradesh)
The highest Peak Godwin Austin/K2 (J & K) (8611 m)
The highest peak entirely located in India Kangchenjunga
The longest Road Tunnel Syama Tunnel (Chenani – Nashri Tunnel), J & K.
The longest railway Tunnel Pirpanjal Tunnel, J& K (11.2 km)
The largest Plains Indo – Gangetic Plains
The largest Delta Sundarbans (West Bengal)
The State with maximum forest area Madhya Pradesh
The longest Corridor Corridor of Ramanathaswamy Temple of Rameswaram
(Tamil Nadu)
The highest Waterfall Kunchikal Falls, Shimoga District, Karnataka
(455 m)
The highest Gateway Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri (U.P)
The longest River The Ganga (2525 km. long)
The largest museum Indian Museum (Kolkata)
The largest Dome Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (in Karnataka)
The Tallest Statue Statue of Unity, Gujarat
The largest Public-Sector Bank State Bank of India
The Biggest Cantilever Bridge Rabindra Setu or Howrah Bridge (Kolkata)
The longest Canal Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan)

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The longest Railway platform Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh (1.366 km)

The Biggest Stadium Motera Stadium, Ahmedabad
The most popular city Mumbai (Maharashtra)
The largest Sea Bridge Indira Gandhi Bridge,Pamban,(Tamil Nadu)
The Longest Passenger Train Route Dibrugarh (Assam) to Kanyakumari (Tamilnadu) 4233
km. [Train - Vivek Express]
The Oldest Church St. Thomas Church at Palayoor, Thrissur (Kerala)
The longest National Highway NH-44 (Srinagar to Kanyakumari)(3745km)
The State with longest Coast Line Gujarat (1214.7 km)
The Highest Lake Gurudongmar Lake (17800 ft)
The largest Saline Water Lake Sambhar Salt Lake (Jaipur)
The largest fresh water Lake Vembanad lake, Kerala
Largest Cave Amarnath
The longest river of Southern India Godawari
The longest Dam Hirakud Dam (Orissa)
The highest Wartime Gallantry Award Param Vir Chakra
The highest Peacetime Gallantry Award Ashok Chakra
The highest Civilian Award Bharat Ratna
The largest Gurudwara Golden Temple, Amritsar
The biggest Church St.Cathedral at old Goa (Goa)
The Tallest T.V Tower The TV Tower, Fazilka, Punjab (1000ft)
The Southern Indian State with Longest Andhra Pradesh
Coastline
The Longest Sea Beach Marina Beach (Chennai)
The Highest Road The road passes via Umlingla Top at an elevation of
about 19,300 ft, Ladakh, India.
The largest artificial Lake Govind Sagar (Bhakhra Nangal)
The deepest River Valley Bhagirathi and Alaknanda
The largest River without Delta Narmada (West flowing Rivers in India)
The highest Battlefield and the Longest Siachen Glacier
Glacier
The biggest river Island Majuli, (Assam)
The largest Planetarium Birla Planetarium (Kolkata)
The Highest Airport Leh Airport (Ladakh)
Largest state in area Rajasthan (3,42,239 sq.km)
Smallest state in area Goa (3,702sq.km)
Largest Union Territory in Area Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Smallest Union Territory in Area Lakshadweep (32 sq.km)
Most populated Union Territory Delhi (1.9 crores)
Most populated State Uttar Pradesh (199,812,341)
Least populated state Sikkim (6.19 lakhs)
State having highest literacy rate Kerala (96.2%)
State having lowest literacy rate Andhra Pradesh (66.4%)
Union Territory having highest literacy rate Lakshadweep (91.85%)

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SUPERLATIVES OF WORLD
Biggest Bell Tsar Bell at Moscow, Russia
Longest Bridge The Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge, China (164.8 km)
Tallest Building Burj khalifa, Dubai (U.A.E)
Tallest Office Building Burj khalifa, Dubai (U.A.E)
Longest Big Ship Canal Panama Canal, Panama
Busiest Canal (Ship) Baltic White Sea Canal (152 miles), Russia
Biggest Cinema House Kinepolis-Madrid Ciudad de la Imagen, Spain
Highest city La Paz
Largest City (in population) Tokyo, Japan
Biggest City in (area) Tokyo- Yokohama (8,547km2)
Largest Continent Asia
Smallest continent Australia
Largest Country (in population) China
Largest country (in area) Russia
Largest Coral Formation The Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
Largest Dam Three Gorges Dam, China
Longest Day June 21 (in Northern Hemisphere)
Shortest Day Dec. 21(in Northern Hemisphere)
Largest Delta Sundarbans, India (8000 sq. miles)
Longest Desert (World) Sahara, Africa (84, 00,000 sq. km.)
Largest Diamond The Cullinan (over 1 ½ 1b.)
Largest Dome (New Architecture) Singapore National Stadium, Singapore
Longest Epic The Mahabharata, India
Largest Island Greenland (renamed kalaatllit Nunaat)
Largest Lake (Artificial) Lake Winnipeg, Canada
Deepest Lake Baikal (Siberia); average depth2300 ft.
Highest Lake Titicaca (Bolivia) 12645 ft. above sea level.
Largest Lake (Fresh Water) Lake Superior, U.S.A (by surface area)_
Largest Lake (Fresh Water) Lake Baikal, Russia (by Volume)
Largest Lake (Salt Water) Caspian Sea (3, 71,000 sq. km.)
Largest Mosque Masjid al- Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Biggest Library The Library of the Congress, Washington, USA.
Highest Mountain peak (World) Himalayas
Longest Mountain Range The mid-ocean ridge
Biggest Museum The Smithsonian, US
Tallest Minaret (Free Standing) Qutub Minar, Delhi 238 ft., India

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Tallest Minaret Great Hassan Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco

Deepest & Biggest Ocean The Pacific Ocean
Largest Palace Imperial Palace (Gugong), Beijing (China)
Largest Park Greenland’s National Park
Largest Peninsula Arabia Peninsula
Coldest Place or Region Antarctica (-92degree Celsius)
Driest Place Atacama Desert, Chile
Hottest Place (World) Al-Aziziyah (Libya, Africa) 136˚F
Highest Plateau Pamir (Tibet)
Longest Platform (Railway) Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh, India (1.33 km)
Largest sea Port Port of Shanghai, China.
Busiest container Port Shangai, China.
Longest Railway Trans-Siberian Railway (6,000 miles Long)
Longest River Nile (6690 km).
Longest River Dam Hirakud Dam (Odisha), India 15.8 miles.
Largest Sea (inland) Caspian Sea
Tallest statue Statue of Unity,Gujarat

Tallest Statue (Bronze) Statue of Unity, Gujarat
Longest Swimming Course English Channel, separates Southern England from northern France.
Tallest Tower Burj Khalifa
Longest train nonstop Vivek Express
Longest Tunnel (Railway) Gotthard Base Tunnel (Switzerland,57.09 km)
Longest & Largest Canal Tunnel Le Rove Tunnel (South of France)
Longest Tunnel (Road) Laerdal, Norway
Highest Volcano Ojos Del Salado, Andes Argentine-Chile (6,885 m.)
Largest Volcano Mauna Lao (Hawaii)
Longest Wall Great Wall of China (1500 miles)
Highest Waterfall Salto Angel Falls (Venezuela)
Largest Bay Bay of Bengal
Largest Gulf Gulf of Mexico, (shoreline 2100 miles)
Largest Archipelago Indonesia (over 3,000 Islands)
Tallest Active Geyser Giant (Geyser)Yellowstone park U.S.A 200 ft. high, USA
Largest River Basin Amazon Basin- 27, 20,000 sq. mile, South America
World Rainiest spot Cherrapunji (Mawsynram), India
Largest Gorge Grand Canyon, on the Colorado River, U.S.A
Lightest gas Hydrogen

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Heaviest gas Radon
Lightest Metal Lithium
Heaviest Metal Osmium
Highest Melting Point Tungsten, 3,410˚C
Hardest Substance Diamond
Largest Stadium Rungrado May Day Stadium, Pyongyang, North Korea
Largest Church Basilica of St. Peter, Vatican City, Rome Italy
Largest Temple Angkor Vat (Cambodia)
Largest Diamond mine Aikhal, Russia
Largest River in volume Amazon, Brazil
Longest Corridor Rameshwaram Temple’s Corridor (5000 ft.), India
Highest Straight Dam Bhakhra Dam, India
Highest Peak Mt.Everest (8848 m)
Highest Capital City La Paz (Bolivia)
Largest Asian Desert Gobi, Mongolia
Largest Democracy India
Longest Thoroughfare The Pan American Highway
Largest Neck Animal Giraffe
Largest Animal of the Cat Family Lion
Most Intelligent Animal Chimpanzee
Bird, that never makes its nests Cuckoo
Wingless Bird Kiwi
Reptile which changes its colors Chameleon
Largest Mammal Blue Whale
Tallest Animal on (land) Giraffe
Fastest Bird Peregrine falcon
Largest Bird Ostrich
Smallest Bird Humming Bird
Longest Animal Blue Whale, (recorded length 106 ft. weight-195 tons)
Longest Life Span of an Animal 190 to 200 years, (Giant tortoise)
Largest Land Animal African Bush Elephant
Fastest Animal Cheetah 70 m.p.h
Longest Jump Animal Kangaroo
Longest wing Spread Bird Albatross
Slowest Animal Snail
Tallest Domestic Dog Irish Wolf Hound
Fastest Dog Persian Grey Hound (speed 43 m.p.h)

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Longest poisonous snake King cobra

Biggest Flower Rafflesia (Java)
Largest sea-bird Albatross
Largest Tree General Sherman Tree
Superlatives of universe
Largest Planet Jupiter

Brightest and Hottest Planet (also nearest to Earth) Venus
Farthest planet (from the Sun) Neptune
Nearest Planet (to the Sun) Mercury
Smallest Planet Mercury
Brightest Star Sirius A (also called Dogstar)
WATER DISPUTES AND THE STATES INVOLVED

Dispute States Involved
Krishna Water dispute Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra
Mahadayi/Mandovi Water dispute Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra
Vansadhara Water dispute Andhra Pradesh and Odisha
Cauvery Water dispute Tamil Nadu and Karnataka
Babhali Barrage issue Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra
Mulla Periyar Dam issue Tamil Nadu and Kerala
Mahanadi Water dispute Chhattisgarh and Odisha
Ravi and Beas Water Dispute Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan
CITIES AND THEIR FOUNDERS

City Founder or Architect
Delhi Anangpal Tomar (Tanwar Rajput ruler)
Ajmer Ajayaraj Singh Chauhan
Jaunpur Feroz Shah Tughlaq
Agra Sikandar Lodi
Fatehpur Sikri Mughal Emperor Akbar
Kolkata Job Charnock
Bhopal Dost Mohammad Khan
Jaipur Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II
Hyderabad Quli Qutub Shah

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Amritsar Guru Ram Das
Nagpur Bakht Buland
Chandigarh Le Corbusier
Bhubaneswar Otto Konigsberger
Pataliputra Ajatashatru
Bengaluru (earlier Bangalore) Kempe Gowda I
FATHER OF NATIONS
S.NO Country Founder / Father of Nation
1 Afghanistan Ahmad Shah Durrani
2 Albania Skanderbeg
3 Argentina Don Jose de San Martín
4 Bahamas Sir Lynden Pindling
5 Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
6 Belize George Cadle Price
7 Bolivia Simon Bolivar
8 Brazil Dom Pedro I
9 Brunei Omar Ali Saifuddien III
10 Burma Aung San
11 Cambodia Norodom Sihanouk
12 Canada Sir John A. Macdonald
13 Chile Bernardo O’ Higgins
14 China Sun Yat-sen
15 Colombia Simon Bolivar
16 Costa Rica Jose Maria Castro Madriz
17 Croatia Ante Starcevic
18 Cuba Carlos Manuel de Céspedes
19 Czech Republic Frantisek Palacky
20 Dominican Republic Juan Pablo Duarte
21 Ecuador Simon Bolivar
22 Ghana Kwame Nkrumah
23 Guyana Cheddi Jagan
24 Haiti Jean-Jacques Dessalines
25 India Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
26 Iran Cyrus the Great
27 Israel David Ben-Gurion
28 Italy Vittorio Emanuele II di Savoia

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29 Kenya Jomo Kenyatta

30 Kosovo Ibrahim Rugova
31 Lithuania Jonas Basanavicius
32 Macedonia Krste Misirkov
33 Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman
34 Malta Giorgio Borg Olivier
35 Mauritius Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
36 Mexico Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
37 Myanmar Aung San
38 Namibia Sam Nujoma
39 Nepal King Tribhuwan
40 Netherlands William the Silent
41 Nigeria Nnamdi Azikiwe
42 Norway Einar Gerhardsen
43 Panama Simon Bolivar
44 Papua New Guinea Sir Michael Somare
45 Peru Don Josede San Martin
46 Portugal D. Afons Henriques
47 Republic of China Sun Yat-sen
48 Republic of Korea Kim Gu
49 Russia Peter I of Russia
50 Sahrawi Arab Democratic El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed
Republic
51 Saint Lucia Sir John Compton
52 Saudi Arabia Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia
53 Scotland Donald Dewar
54 Singapore Lee Kuan Yew
55 Slovenia Primoz Trubar
56 Somalia Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
57 South Africa Nelson Mandela
58 Spain Fernando el Catholic Monarchs
59 Sri Lanka Don Stephen Senanayake
60 Suriname Johan Ferrier
61 Sweden Gustav I of Sweden
62 Tanzania Julius Nyerere
63 Turkey Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
64 United Arab Emirates Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

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65 United States George Washington
66 Uruguay Jose Gervasio Artigas
67 Venezuela Simon Bolivar
68 Vietnam Ho Chi Minh
FESTIVAL AND STATES

Name of Festival Background
Andhra Pradesh
New Year's Day of the Hindu lunisolar calendar month of Chaitra (it is
Ugadi (GudiPadwa)
also for Karnataka, Telangana and Maharashtra)
Brahmotsavam is celebrated in honor of Lord Brahma. It is celebrated
Brahmotsavam
at the renowned Venkateswara temple of Tirumala in Andhra Pradesh.
Deccan festival Celebrated in Hyderabad for 5 days.
The Lumbini Festival in Andhra Pradesh is celebrated every year to
Lumbini festival relive the Heritage of Buddhism in the state. It is celebrated in
Nagarjunasagar.
Celebrated every year in the month of October. The main aim of the
Rayalaseema Food and Dance festival is to honor and celebrate the flourishing and exquisite art and
festival cuisine of Rayalaseema area of Tirupati in the Chitoor District of
Andhra Pradesh.
Visakha Utsav is a tourism event. Main aim of the Utsav is to promote
VisakhaUtsavam
the culture, arts, crafts, music and dance of Andhra Pradesh.
Arunachal Pradesh
Boori Boot is celebrated for successful harvest by the Hill-Miris of
Boori Boot Nyishi
Nyishi community.
Reh is one of the important festivals celebrated by the people of
Reh- Idu Festival
Indus.
The yearly Oriah festival is held in March or April each year and it
Oriah festival typically lasts for a week to 12 days. The Wanchos celebrate this
festival as they believe it is a way to pay homage to their deities.
The Mopin is an agricultural festival celebrated by the Galo tribe of
Mopin
Arunachal Pradesh to celebrate harvest.
This festival is celebrated by Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. Nyok
Nyokum means Earth and kum means togetherness.
Sanken festival is also regarded as the festival of water. It is believed
that sprinkling water shows a sign of respect and a cleansing ritual to
Sangken Festival welcome the New Year. It is a three day-long festival and it is
celebrated on 14th February every year. This festival is mainly
celebrated by the Khampti tribe of Arunachal Pradesh.
Mohmol is a pre-harvest festival celebrated by the Tangsa community
Mohmol festival
of Arunachal Pradesh.
The Dree Festival is celebrated by Apatani tribe. It is an agricultural
Dree festival
festival to bring huge amount of harvest.

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Solung is a popular agriculture festival, celebrated by the Adi Tribes of

Arunachal Pradesh. The festival is celebrated in the first week of
Solung
September, after the sowing of seeds, to seek prosperity and a good
harvest.
Chalo Loku is a colourful harvest festival, celebrated in the month of
October-November, right after the harvest of the paddy field, and
Chalo Loku
before the start of the new Jhum cultivation. Cha -paddy; Lo means
season, and Loku means festival
Assam
Magh Bihu is a harvest festival celebrated in Assam, which marks the
Magh - Biju
end of harvesting season in the month of Jan – Feb.
This festival is named after the majestic Patkai range and the Dihing
Dihing Patkai River. It is organized by the Government of Assam, providing the
tourists with boundless chances for fun and feast.
Pragjyoti International Dance It is an annual festival organised by Kalpa, a Society for Promotion of
Festival Literature, Art, Culture and Social Harmony.
Bohag Bihu also as called Haat Bihu is a festival celebrated in the
Bohag Bihu state of Assam, which marks the beginning of the Assamese New
Year. It usually falls on April 13.
Baishagu is one of the most popular seasonal festival of the Bodos
Baishagu festival
tribe of Assam.
Bihar
Rajgir Dance festival takes place every year at Rajgir in Bihar for 3
Rajgir Dance Festival
days.
An important and unique festival of Mithila. Madhushravani is
Madhushravani Puja celebrated in Shravan Month (July – August) for consecutive 13 days
and ends on Shravan Shukla Tritiya with elaborate pooja and feasting.
Chhath is an ancient Hindu Vedic festival, which is dedicated to the
Chhath Puja Sun and his wife Usha in order to thank them for bestowing the
bounties of life on earth. (U.P, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Chandigarh)
Bihula, who was widowed on her marriage night by snake bite. She is
Bihula worshipped like a goddess on Nag Panchami day, the fifth day of
Shravan month.
Sonpur Cattle Fair is held on Full Moon Day in November month at
Sonepur Cattle fair
Sonpur.
Gujarat
The Saptak Music Festival is an annual thirteen-day Indian classical
Saptak music music festival held in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. It is organised by Saptak
School of Music from January 1 to 13 every year.
Uttarayan Kite/ International During this festival, each and every family in Gujarat will start
Kite festival producing kites, before a month.
Modhera is a place located in Gujarat. Modhera Dance Festival attracts
Modhera Dance
national and international tourists every year.
This festival is celebrated to honor the forefathers of five kings
Dang Darbar
namely, Gadhavi, Pimpri, Amala-Linga, Vasurana and Daher.

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This Art festival is celebrated to promote Vadodara as the cultural
Vad festival capital of India. It is one of India's biggest art and cultural festivals,
held in the month of January.
The Tarnetar is held at Tarnetar, near the town of Thangadh, Gujarat.
Tarnetar It takes place along with the festival held at Trineteshwar Temple,
celebrating the wedding of Arjuna with Draupadi.
Haryana
Suraj Kund Craft Mela held for 15 days in February. It showcases the
Suraj Kund Craft mela
traditional Indian handicrafts, music, dance & food.
It is celebrated to promote the rich culture and historic tradition of
Pinjore Heritage Festival
Pinjore.
Himachal Pradesh
Halda festival is celebrated by the Lamas tribe in the month of
Halda festival
January. Halda is a festival of lights celebrated in Magha Poornima.
Nawala is usually celebrated by the Gaddis tribe, as a thanks-giving
Nawala festival
ceremony to Lord Shiva.
Jammu and Kashmir

Leh Sindhu Darshan This festival is celebrated on full moon day in the month of June.
Stok Guru Tsechu is a unique monastic festival that takes place in
Guru Tse Chu
Ladakh. It is held in the first month of the Tibetan lunar calendar.
This festival takes place in Leh and was started by the royals of
Dosmoche festival Ladakh. During this festival, there is a popular traditional dance called
sacred mask dance.
This festival is celebrated by the people of Shachukul monastery.
Shachukul Gustor
Shachukul Gustor will take place in July.
PhyangTsedup Festival is one of the special festival, celebrated in the
PhyangTsedup
Dringungpa monastery in July and August.
Chemdey Wangchok This festival is celebrated in Ladakh for two days with great joy.
Jharkhand
LawalongMela is one of the biggest cattle fairs held in the Chatra
Lawalong mela
District of Jharkhand.
Bhadli Mela takes place in Jharkhand on the festive day of Makar
Bhadli mela
Sankranti.
Sohrai is a cattle worship festival, celebrated by Santal and oraon
Sohrai festival
people living in Jharkhand.
Karnataka
Mysore Dasara is the Nadahabba (state-festival) of the state of
Karnataka in India. It is a 10-day festival, starting with Navaratri
(Nava-ratri means nine-nights) and the last day being Vijayadashami.
Mysore Dasara
The festival is observed on the tenth day in the Hindu calendar month
of Ashvin, which typically falls in the Gregorian months of September
and October.

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Pattadakkal Dance Festival is an annual dance festival of Karnataka

Pattadakal Dance Festival
held in Pattadakkal.
Kerala
Onam is a Hindu festival with origins in the state of Kerala. It falls in
Onam
the Malayalam calendar month of Chingam.
Vishu New year of Malayalis.
Thrissur Pooram is an annual Hindu temple festival held at the
Thrissur Pooram festival
Vadakkunnathan Temple on Pooram day.
Theyyam is a grand dance festival in Kerala. It is said to be a ritual
Theyyam festival
dance in Kerala and is known as Kaliyattam.
Arthunkal Perunnal is a ten-day annual feast at the St. Sebastian's
Arthunkal perunnal
church at Arthunkal, a coastal region in Alappuzha District.
Adoor gajamela The Adoor Gajamela is a fair of elephants.
Madhya Pradesh
Khajuraho dance festival is a one- week festival of classical dances
Khajuraho dance festival
held annually. It is organised by the Madhya Pradesh Kala Parishad.
During this festival, young boys and girls are allowed to choose their
Bhagoriamela
life partner.
This is a five-day long festival begins every year on 26th January, the
Lokrang Republic Day. It is organized by the Madhya Pradesh Adivasi Lok Kala
Academy.
Maharashtra
Kalidasa festival celebrated in the honor of the great poet Kalidasa. It
Kalidas festival
is held in Nagpur, Maharashtra every year for two days.
Chikoo Utsav is by Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation
Chikoo Utsav (MTDC).
Venue: Bordi, Maharashtra.
Pola Famous bull festival of Maharashtra.
Meghalaya
Ahaia is a winter festival, celebrated to boost the culture and heritage
Ahaia festival
of tribes living in the Garo Hills region of Meghalaya.
Manipur
This festival is celebrated by the Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes in Manipur in
Chavangkhut
the month of November.
Chumpha Festival is an annual harvest Festival celebrated by the
Chumpha
Tanghul Nagas of Manipur in the month of December
Mizoram
The ChapcharKut is an annual harvest festival, celebrated in the
Chapkharkut festival
month of march.
Nagaland
The Hornbill is a Festival celebrated, in Nagaland, from December 1 to
Hornbill
10. It is also called the 'Festival of Festivals'.

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Odisha
The Bali Trutiya festival is, dedicated to Lord Shiva and Goddess
Bali Trutiya
Parvati.
Bahuda Yatra Bahu Jatra is the return journey of Jagannath Ratha Jatra.
The Puri Beach Festival is celebrated every year in November at the
Puri beach festival
coastal city of Puri in Orissa.
Konark Dance Festival is celebrated for five days in December in the
Konarch dance festival
Sun temple of Konark, Odisha.
Naukhai is an agricultural festival mainly observed by people of
Naukhai
Western Odisha.
Bali Jatra Bali Jatra means a voyage to Bali, held in Odisha.
Punjab
Lohri Lohri is a Punjabi folk festival, celebrated mostly by Sikhs and Hindus.
ChhaparMela is celebrated in the village of Chhapar in the district of
Chapparmela
Ludhiana, Punjab in September.
Rajasthan
Bikaner, The Camel Festival is a colourful event organised in Bikaner
Bikaner camel festival
by the Department of Tourism, Government of Rajasthan.
The Jaipur Literature Festival is an annual literary festival which takes
Jaipur Literature festival
place in Jaipur in January month.
Ramdeoji Cattle fair is a cattle fair and also it is the second largest fair
Ramdeoji cattle fair
in Rajasthan.
Sikkim
The festival is the most significant and sacred for the followers of
Saga Dawa Mahayana Buddhism who on this auspicious occasion commemorate
Lord Buddha’s birth.
Pang Lhabsol Pang Lhabsol is the colourful festival which is celebrated annually.
Losoong is the Sikkimese New Year, celebrated by Bhutia tribe, in the
Losoong Sikkimese
month of December.
Tamil Nadu
Thai Pongal is a four-day harvest festival dedicated to Nature,
Pongal
celebrated in January.
Jallikattu is a traditional event in which a bull is released into a crowd
of people, and multiple human participants attempt to grab the large
Jallikattu
hump on the bull's back with both arms and hang on to it while the
bull attempts to escape.
Telangana
Bathukamma is a floral festival celebrated by the Hindu women of
BathuKamma
Telangana.
Bonalu is an annual festival celebrated in Hyderabad and
Bonalu
Secunderabad of Telangana.

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PeerlaPanduga is a festival celebrated by Hindus and Muslims in the

Peerlapanduga
state of Telangana
Tripura
Ker puja is the most peculiar festival of Tripura. Typically held in the
Ker puja month of August.The deity of Vastu Deva is Ker, which means
boundary or a particular area.
Kharchi puja is a Hindu festival celebrated in the month of July or
Kharchi puja
August. During this festival people worship fourteen gods.
Uttarkand
The people of Uttarakhand celebrate the end of the winter season with
Uttarayanimela
the Uttarayani or Uttarayan Fair.
Uttar Pradesh
Kumbh Mela is a major pilgrimage and festival in Hinduism. It is
celebrated in a cycle of approximately 12 years at four river-bank
Kumbh Mela pilgrimage sites: the Allahabad (Prayag) (Ganges-Yamuna Sarasvati
rivers confluence), Haridwar (Ganges), Nashik (Godavari), and Ujjain
(Shipra).
The Sankat Mochan Sangeet is an annual music festival organised in
Mochan music festival
Varanasi in lieu of Hanuman Jayanti.
West Bengal
The KenduliMela is a fair held in Kenduli and it is famous for the
Kendulimela
gathering of the Bauls, a group of mystic minstrels.
Gangasagar Mela Gangasagar Mela is the second largest festival celebrated in India.
UNION TERRITORIES
Andaman and Nicobar
The Island Tourism Festival is the annual cultural event organized for
Island tourism festival
the promotion of tourism for islanders.
Daman and Diu
Garba festival Garba dance is the dance performed during navarathri festival
Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Holika Dahan also called as Kamudu pyre is celebrated for burning
Holika Dahan
Holika, the devil.
Delhi
Taj Mahotsav is an annual 10-day event held at Shilpgram in Agra in
Taj Mahotsav
memories of the old Mughal era.
Goa
It is a thanksgiving festival. People thank God not only for the
Ladainha festival
material benefits but also spiritual.
Chovoth It is also known as Ganesh Chaturthi.

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RIVER AND ITS ORIGIN
S.NO RIVER STATE ORIGIN
The river has its origin in the Western
Himalayan Ranges in the state of
The Ganges passes through the Uttarakhand. River Ganga originates from
states of Uttarakhand, Uttar the Gangotri Glacier near Gaumukh in
1. Ganga
Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttarakhand. Here, it is known as
West Bengal Bhagirathi. At Devpryag, the Bhagirathi
meets the Alakananda, from here it is
known as Ganga.
The origin point of River Yamuna is
Yamuna river system cover
famously known as Yamunotri shrine, it
parts of Uttar Pradesh,
merges with the Ganges at Triveni
2. Yamuna Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh,
Sangam, Prayagraj (Prayagraj), which is a
Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya
site of the Kumbh Mela, a Hindu festival
Pradesh & Delhi
held every 12 years.
The Brahmaputra River, also called Yarlung
Tsangpo in Tibetan language, originates on
3. Brahmaputra Assam, Arunachal Pradesh the Angsi Glacier located on the northern
side of the Himalayas in Burang County of
Tibet.
The river flows north-northeast
through Madhya Pradesh,
running for a time through
Rajasthan, then forming the Tributary of Yamuna river starting at
4. Chambal
boundary between Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh.
and Madhya Pradesh before
turning southeast to join the
Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh state.
The river originates from Sihawa Mountain
5. Mahanadi Chhattisgarh, Odisha
in Dhamtari, Chhattisgarh.
The Godavari originates in the Western
Ghats of central India near Nasik in
Maharashtra, Telangana,
6. Godavari Maharashtra. The Godavari is India's
Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh
second longest river after the Ganga. Its
source is in Trimbakeshwar, Maharashtra.
Maharashtra, Karnataka, The Krishna River has its origin at
7. Krishna
Telangana, Andhra Pradesh Mahabaleswar in the state of Maharashtra.
Amarkantak is the place from where the
Narmada flows through the
Narmada river originates. It is in the
8. Narmada three states of Madhya Pradesh
Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh in
(MP), Maharashtra and Gujarat.
India.
It flows in the central parts of India. The
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
9. Tapti river originates from Multai in Betul district
Gujarat
of Madhya Pradesh in the Satpura range.
The origin of the Sutlej River is located
10. Sutlej Himachal Pradesh, Punjab close to Lake Rakhastal in Tibet in the
vicinity of the Kailash Mountain Range.

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It rises in the Himalayas in

Himachal Pradesh state, India, The Ravi is a transboundary river crossing
and flows west-northwest past north-western India and eastern Pakistan.
11. Ravi
Chamba, turning southwest at It originates in the Himalayas in the
the boundary of Jammu and Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.
Kashmir state.
It forms in the upper Himalayas
in the Lahaul and Spiti district of The Chenab rises from the South-East and
Himachal Pradesh, India, and Bhaga from the North-West of the
flows through the Kishtwar Baralacha pass. It enters Pangi valley of
12. Chenab
district of Jammu region in Chamba district near Bhujind and leaves
Jammu and Kashmir into the the district at Sansari Nala to enter Podar
plains of the Punjab, Pakistan, valley of Kashmir.
before flowing into the Indus.
It flows through Srinagar and
the Wular Lake before entering The river Jhelum originates at the Verinag
13. Jhelum Pakistan through a deep narrow Spring at Anantnag, at the foot of the Pir
gorge. Thus, in India it flows in Panjal range in the Kashmir Valley.
Jammu & Kashmir.
it flows generally south and east
through Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu and across the southern
Deccan plateau through the Originating in the foothills of Western
14. Kaveri
southeastern lowlands, Ghats at Talakaveri, Kodagu in Karnataka
emptying into the Bay of Bengal
through two principal mouths in
Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu.
Originating in the Tibetan Plateau in the
vicinity of Lake Manasarovar, the river runs
15. Indus Jammu and Kashmir
a course through the Ladakh region of
Jammu and Kashmir,
It rises in Madhya Pradesh and, after
flowing through the Vagad region of
Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,
16. Mahi Rajasthan, enters Gujarat and flows into
Gujarat
the Arabian Sea. It rises in western
Vindhya Range
The Damodar River is one of the most
important rivers in eastern India. It lies on
17. Damodar Jharkhand, West Bengal
the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the state of
Jharkhand in India.
Periyar River, river in southern
Kerala state, southwestern
India. The river rises in the
Periyar originates in the Sivagiri peaks of
18. Periyar Western Ghats range near the
Sundaramala, Tamil Nadu.
border with Tamil Nadu state
and flows north a short distance
to Periyar Lake.
The river rises in the Himalayas The Beas originates near the Rohtang Pass,
19. Beas
in central Himachal Pradesh, at a height of 4,062 m above sea level, on

STATIC GK SSC
India, and flows for some 470 the southern end of the Pir Panjal Range,
kilometers to the Sutlej River in close to the source of the Ravi.
the Indian state of Punjab.
The Sabarmati River with its
origin in Rajasthan flows
generally in southwest direction. It originates in Dhebar lake in Aravalli
It enters the Gujarat State and Range of the Udaipur District of Rajasthan
20. Sabarmati
passes through the plains and and meets the Gulf of Cambay of Arabian
continues to flow in the same Sea.
direction and joins the Gulf of
Khambhat in the Arabian Sea.
Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and It originates in the village of Dagshai in the
21. Ghaggar
Rajasthan. Shivalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh.
MEMBER COUNTRIES OF SOME INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

Association of South East Asian Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand
Nations (ASEAN) (Founding members), Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar,
and Vietnam.
SAARC Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, the Maldives,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi- Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Bhutan
Sectoral Technical and Economic and Nepal.
Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and
(SCO) Uzbekistan, India, and Pakistan.
BRICS Brazil, Russia, China, India, South Africa.
Commonwealth of Independent Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan,

States Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.
G20 Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France,

Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea,
Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the
United Kingdom and the United States—along with the
European Union (EU).
G8 U.S., U.K., France, Japan, Germany, Canada, Japan,
Russia (now suspended) + China, India, Brazil, South Africa,
Mexico.
G4 India, Germany, Japan and Brazil.
Mekong–Ganga Cooperation India, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
Andean Community (CAN) South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and
Peru.

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IBSA Dialogue Forum India, Brazil and South Africa.
Gulf Cooperation Council Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab
Emirates.
European Free Trade Association Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland.
Intergovernmental Authority on Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Sudan, South Sudan,

Development Kenya, Uganda.
PHOBIAS:
Phobia Fear of
Ablutophobia Fear of washing or bathing.
Acarophobia Fear of itching
Achluophobia Fear of darkness.
Acousticophobia Fear of noise.
Acrophobia Fear of heights.
Aerophobia Fear of drafts of air
Aeroacrophobia Fear of open high places.
Agliophobia Fear of pain.
Ailurophobia Fear of cats.
Alektorophobia Fear of chickens.
Algophobia Fear of pain.
Altophobia Fear of heights.
Amathophobia Fear of dust.
Ancraophobia Fear of wind
Androphobia Fear of men.
Anthrophobia Fear of flowers.
Anthropophobia Fear of people or society.
Antlophobia Fear of floods.
Apiphobia Fear of bees.
Arsonphobia Fear of fire.
Atychiphobia Fear of failure.
Aulophobia Fear of flutes.
Aurophobia Fear of gold.
Aviophobia Fear of flying.
Bacteriophobia Fear of bacteria.
Ballistophobia Fear of missiles or bullets.
Bathophobia Fear of depth.
Bibliophobia Fear of books.

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Botanophobia Fear of plants.
Brontophobia Fear of thunder and lightning
Cacophobia Fear of ugliness.
Cainophobia Fear of newness, novelty.
Cardiophobia Fear of the heart.
Carnophobia Fear of meat.
Cathisophobia Fear of sitting.
Catoptrophobia Fear of mirrors.
Cenophobia Fear of new things or ideas.
Chaetophobia Fear of hair.
Cheimaphobia Fear of cold.
Chionophobia Fear of snow.
Chiraptophobia Fear of being touched.
Chiroptophobia Fear of bats.
Cholerophobia Fear of anger or the fear of cholera.
Chorophobia Fear of dancing.
Chrometophobia Fear of money.
Chromophobia Fear of colors.
Chronophobia Fear of time.
Chronomentrophobia Fear of clocks.
Cibophobia Fear of food
Cryophobia Fear of extreme cold, ice or frost.
Crystallophobia Fear of crystals or glass.
Cyberphobia Fear of computers or working on a computer.
Cyclophobia Fear of bicycles.
Cynophobia Fear of dogs or rabies.
Decidophobia Fear of making decisions.
Demophobia Fear of crowds
Dendrophobia Fear of trees.
Dipsophobia Fear of drinking.
Dystychiphobia Fear of accidents.
Ecclesiophobia Fear of church.
Ecophobia Fear of home.
Electrophobia Fear of electricity.
Eleutherophobia Fear of freedom.
Elurophobia Fear of cats.
Emetophobia Fear of vomiting.
Enetophobia Fear of pins.
Entomophobia Fear of insects.
Epistemophobia Fear of knowledge.

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Equinophobia Fear of horses.

Febriphobia Fear of fever.
Frigophobia Fear of cold
Galeophobia Fear of cats.
Gamophobia Fear of marriage.
Geliophobia Fear of laughter.
Genuphobia Fear of knees.
Geumaphobia Fear of taste.
Glossophobia Fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak.
Hadephobia Fear of hell.
Hagiophobia Fear of saints or holy things.
Hamartophobia Fear of sinning.
Hedonophobia Fear of feeling pleasure.
Heliophobia Fear of the sun.
Hemophobia Fear of blood.
Hodophobia Fear of road travel.
Hormephobia Fear of shock.
Homichlophobia Fear of fog.
Hylophobia Fear of forests.
Hypengyophobia Fear of responsibility.
Ichthyophobia Fear of fish.
Ideophobia Fear of ideas.
Iophobia Fear of poison.
Judeophobia Fear of Jews.
Koinoniphobia Fear of rooms.
Kynophobia Fear of rabies.
Kyphophobia Fear of stooping.
Lachanophobia Fear of vegetables.
Laliophobia or Lalophobia Fear of speaking.
Limnophobia Fear of lakes.
Logophobia Fear of words.
Melissophobia Fear of bees.
Metallophobia Fear of metal.
Mnemophobia Fear of memories.
Myrmecophobia Fear of ants.
Necrophobia Fear of death or dead things.
Nelophobia Fear of glass.
Nephophobia Fear of clouds.
Noctiphobia Fear of the night.
Nomatophobia Fear of names.

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Nosocomephobia Fear of hospitals.
Ochophobia Fear of vehicles.
Octophobia Fear of the figure 8.
Oneirophobia Fear of dreams.
Ophidiophobia Fear of snakes.
Ornithophobia Fear of birds.
Papaphobia Fear of the Pope.
Papyrophobia Fear of paper.
Pediophobia Fear of dolls.
Pedophobia Fear of children.
Phasmophobia Fear of ghosts.
Photophobia Fear of light.
Phronemophobia Fear of thinking.
Potophobia Fear of alcohol.
Pharmacophobia Fear of drugs.
Psychophobia Fear of mind.
Pyrophobia Fear of fire.
Quadraphobia Fear of the number four.
Quintaphobia Fear of the number five.
Radiophobia Fear of radiation, x-rays
Ranidaphobia Fear of frogs.
Scolionophobia Fear of school.
Selenophobia Fear of the moon.
Siderophobia Fear of stars.
Somniphobia Fear of sleep.
Suriphobia Fear of mice.
Syngenesophobia Fear of relatives.
Tachophobia Fear of speed.
Technophobia Fear of technology.
Telephonophobia Fear of telephones.
Thaasophobia Fear of sitting.
Thalassophobia Fear of the sea.
Theophobia Fear of gods or religion.
Thermophobia Fear of heat.
Traumatophobia Fear of injury.
Trypophobia Fear of holes
Tuberculophobia Fear of tuberculosis.
Uranophobia Fear of heaven.
Vaccinophobia Fear of vaccination.
Verbophobia Fear of words.

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Vestiphobia Fear of clothing.

Walloonphobia Fear of the Walloons.
Xenoglossophobia Fear of foreign languages.
Xenophobia Fear of strangers or foreigners.
Xerophobia Fear of dryness.
Xyrophobia Fear of razors.
Zelophobia Fear of jealousy.
Zeusophobia Fear of God or gods.
Zoophobia Fear of animals.
FIRST IN INDIA (MALE)

The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tyabji
The first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck (1833-1835)
The first British Governor General of Bengal Lord Warren Hastings (1774-1885)
The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free C. Rajgopalachari
India
The first man who introduced printing press in India James Agustus Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S Satyendra Nath Tagore
India’s first man in Space Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without Morarji Desai
completing the full term
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff General Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council S.P. Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office Dr.Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic Dr.Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Charan Singh
Parliament
The first Field Marshal of India S.H.F. Manekshaw
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award C. Rajagopalachari
The first Indian to cross English Channel Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award Shri Shankar Kurup
The first Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India Dr.Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

STATIC GK SSC
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Phu Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award Acharya Vinoba Bhave
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Hargovind Khorana
Medicine
The first Chinese traveler to visit India Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin Kitchlew
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot J.R.D. Tata (1929)
The first British to visit India Hawkins
The first Indian to reach Antartica Lt. Ram Charan
The first Indian to have climbed Mount Everst twice Nawang Gombu
FIRST IN INDIA (FEMALE)

The first lady to become Miss World Reita Faria
The first woman judge in Supreme Court Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi
The first woman Ambassador Miss C.B. Muthamma
The first woman Governor of a state in free India Mrs.Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly Shanno Devi
The first woman Prime Minister Mrs.Indira Gandhi
The first woman Minister in a Government Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
The first woman to climb Mount Everest Bachhendri Pal
The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice Santosh Yadav
The first woman President of Indian National Congress Mrs. Annie Besant
The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force Harita Kaur Deol
The first woman Graduates Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi
Basu, 1883
The first woman Airline Pilot Durba Banerjee
The first woman Honors Graduate Kamini Roy, 1886
The first woman Olympic medal Winner Karnam Malleswari, 2000
The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner Kamlijit Sandhu
The first woman Lawyer Cornelia Sorabji
The first woman President of United Nations General Mrs.Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
Assembly
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State Mrs.Sucheta Kripalani

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The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Roze Millian Bathew
Commission
The first woman Director General of Police Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
The first woman Judge Anna Chandy (She became judge in a
district court in 1937)
The first woman Chief Justice of High Court Mrs. Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High
Court)
The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi
The first woman Lieutenant General Puneeta Arora
The first woman Air Vice Marshal P. Bandopadhyaya
The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines Sushma Chawla
The first woman IPS officer Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India Razia Sultana
The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra Neerja Bhanot
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashapoorna Devi
The first woman to cross English Channel Aarti Saha
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize Mother Teresa
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna Mrs. Indira Gandhi
First Indian woman to go into space Kalpana Chawla
First woman who reached Antartica Mahel Musa
First Indian Woman to become Miss Universe Susmita Sen
First Indian Woman to Booker Prize Arundhati Roy
VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL AWARDS AND THEIR FIELD

AWARDS FIELD/Awarded for
Nobel Prize Physics, Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine, Peace, Economics, Literature
Pulitzer Prize Journalism
Grammy Awards Music
Oscar Awards Excellence in cinematic achievements
(Academy Awards)
ManBooker Prize Literature
Ramon Magsasay Contributions to Public Service, Community Leadership, Journalism,
Award Literature and Creative Arts and International Understanding
Golden Globe Excellence in film and television
Award
David Cohen Literature
Awards
Golden Bear Film
Awards
UN Human Rights Contributions to Human rights
Awards

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Goldman Award/ Environmental Activity
Prize
Pritzker Prize Architecture
The Shaw Prize Outstanding contributions in astronomy, life science and medicine, and
mathematical sciences
Stirling Prize Architecture
Kyoto Prize Global achievement
Abel Prize Outstanding scientific work in the field of mathematics
Tony Award Excellence in Broadway theatre
Dan David Prize Outstanding contribution in the fields of science, technology, culture or social
welfare
Borlaug Award Food and agriculture
The Copley Medal Science
Wolf Prize Agriculture, Medicine, Mathematics, Physics and Arts etc.
Kavli Prize Astrophysics, Nanoscience and Neuroscience
Japan Prize Science and technology
Kalinga Award exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people
Orange Prize Full-length Novel written by a woman of any nationality
VARIOUS AWARDS IN INDIA

AWARDS FIELD/AWARDED FOR
Highest civilian award
Bharat Ratna Exceptional work for advancement of art, literature and science
or in recognition of public service of the highest order.
Param Vir Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, Wartime Gallantry awards
Vir Chakra
Ashok Chakra, Kirti Chakra,
Peacetime Gallantry awards
Shaurya Chakra
Padma Awards(Vibushan, Exceptional and distinguished service in any field including
Booshan,Shri) services rendered by government employees.
Dada Saheb Phalke Award Cinema
Golden Peacock Awards Corporate Excellence
Mahatma Gandhi Peace prize Peace
Arjuna Award Sports
Dhronacharya Award Sports award for Coaches
Sports
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award
Highest sporting honour
Awarded to Indian cricketers for outstanding performance in
Polly Umrigar Award
international cricket
Sahitya Academi Awards Literature
Saraswati Samman Literature
Vyas Samman Literature (Hindi language literature)
Jnanpith Award Literature
Dhyan Chand Award Lifetime achievement in sports and games
Medicine
Dr.B.C.Roy Award
Highest Indian award in the medical category

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Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Prize Science and Technology

Shaheed Niyogi Award Journalism
Homi Bhabha Award Nuclear Energy
Dhanvantri Award Excellence in the field of Ayurveda
Promoting Gandhian values, community service and social
Jamnalal Bajaj Award
development
G.D.Birla Award Scientific research
R.D.Birla Award Physics
Vikram Sarabhai Award Journalism in field for Space Research
Hindustani classical music
Tansen Award
Instituted by Madhya Pradesh Govt
Bhasha Samman Literature
Sangeet Natak Akademi Puraskar Music, Dance and Drama
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award Science and Technology
Literature
Iqbal Samman
Instituted by Madhya Pradesh Govt
Lalit Kala Academy Ratna Arts
NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
The Indian States which
Country Questions
share Border
Border length – 1850 km
National animal – Cow
National flower - Rhododendron
National tree - Ficus religiosa
Bihar Famous festivals – Dashain,Tihar, Buddha
Uttarakhand Jayanti, Janai Purnima, Teej, Gai Jatra.
Nepal UP Name of the parliament - The National
Sikkim Assembly
West Bengal Number of Members in the parliament - 275
National language – Nepali
Number of provinces - 7
Currency - Nepalese Rupee
Capital of Nepal – Kathmandu
Independence Day - 26 March
National bird - Oriental Magpie-Robin
National animal – Royal Bengal Tiger
National fruit - Jackfruit
West Bengal
National tree - Mango Tree
Meghalaya
National flower- Water lilly
Bangladesh Mizoram
Famous festivals - Eid ul Fitr, Eid ul Azha,
Tripura
Moharram
Assam
Name of the parliament - Jatiya Sangsad
Members in the parliament - 350
National Language - Bengali
Currency – Taka

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Capital – Dhaka
Border length – 0.1 km
Independence Day - 4 February
National bird - Ceylon Junglefowl
National fruit - Jackfruit
National tree - Ironwood
Famous festivals - Vesak Poya, Poson Festival
It is separated from India
Sri Lanka Name of the parliament - Democratic Socialist
by the Gulf of Mannar
Republic
Number of members in the parliament - 225
National Language - Sinhala and Tamil
Currency - Sri Lankan Rupee
Capital - Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Independence Day - 14 August
National bird - Chukar Patridge
National animal – Markhor
National flower- Jasmine
National fruit - Mango (Summer), Guava
Jammu and Kashmir
(Winter)
Ladakh
National tree - Cedrus Deodara
Pakistan Punjab
Famous festivals - Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha,
Rajasthan
Shab-e-Barat
Gujarat
Name of the parliament - National Assembly
Number of members in Parliament - 342
National language - Urdu, English
Provinces - 4
Currency - Pakistani Rupee
Capital – Islamabad
Independence Day - 4 January
National bird - Grey Peacock- Pheasant
National animal - Tiger
National fruit - Rambutan
Arunachal Pradesh
National tree – Padauk tree
Nagaland
Myanmar Famous festivals - Thingyan, Kasone, Nayon
Mizoram
Name of the parliament – The Assembly of the
Manipur
Union
Number of members - 440
National Language - Burmese
Currency – Kyat
Capital – Naypyitaw
Ladakh
Independence Day - 1 October
Himachal Pradesh
National bird - Red-Crowned Crane
China Uttarakhand
National animal - Giant Panda
Sikkim
National fruit - Fuzzy Kiwi fruit, Jujube
Arunachal Pradesh
National tree - Gingko Tree

SSC STATIC GK
Famous festivals - Spring Festival, Yuanxiao

Festival
Name of the parliament - National People’s
Congress
Number of members in Parliament - 2980
National Language - Mandarin, Cantonese
Number of Provinces - 34
Currency – Yuan
Capital – Beijing
Independence Day – 19 August
National animal – Snow leopard
National fruit - Pomegranate
National tree – Afghan Pine
Famous festivals - Ashura, Nowruz, Mawleed
Afghanistan Jammu and Kashmir (POK) al Nabi, Labor Day, Jeshyn-Afghan Day,
Ramadan, Eid e Fitr And Eid e Qurban
Number of Provinces - 34
Currency -Afghan Afghani
Capital – Kabul
National Language – Dari, Phasto
COUNTRY AND ITS CAPITALS, CURRENCY & OFFICIAL LANGUAGES

Country Capital Currency Official Language
Afghanistan Kabul Afghan Afghani Dari Persian; Pashto
Albania Tirane Albanian Lek Albanian
Arabic; Tamazight;
Algeria Algiers Algerian Dinar
French
Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro Catalan
Angola Luanda Angolan Kwanza Portuguese
Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's East Caribbean dollar English
Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine Peso Spanish
Armenia Yerevan Armenian Dram Armenian
Australia Canberra Australian dollar English
Austria Vienna Euro German
Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijani Manat Azerbaijani
The Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar English
Bahrain Manama Bahraini dinar Arabic
Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladeshi Taka Bangla
Barbados Bridgetown Barbadian dollar English
Belarus Minsk Belorusian ruble Belarusian; Russian
Belgium Brussels Euro Dutch; French; German
Belize Belmopan Belize dollar English
Benin Porto-Novo West African CFA Franc French
Bhutan Thimphu Bhutanese Ngultrum Dzongkha

STATIC GK SSC
La Paz (administrative); Spanish; Quechua;
Bolivia Bolivian Boliviano
Sucre (judicial) Aymara
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian; Croatian;
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo
Convertible Mark Serbian
Botswana Gaborone Botswana Pula English; Tswana
Brazil Brasilia Brazilian real Portuguese
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei dollar Malay
Bulgaria Sofia Bulgerian Lev Bulgarian
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou West African CFA Franc French
Burundi Gitega Burundian franc Kirundi; French
Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian Riel Khmer
Central African CFA
Cameroon Yaounde French; English
Franc
Canada Ottawa Canadian dollar English; French
Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean escudo Portuguese
Central African CFA
Central African Republic Bangui Sango; French
Franc
Central African CFA
Chad N'Djamena French; Arabic
Franc
Chile Santiago Chilean Peso Spanish
China Beijing Chinese Yuan Mandarin
Colombia Bogota Colombian Peso Spanish
Comorian; Arabic;
Comoros Moroni Comorian Franc
French
Central African CFA
Republic of the Congo Brazzaville French
Franc
Congo, Democratic
Kinshasa Congolese franc French
Republic of the
Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rican Colón Spanish
Yamoussoukro (official);
Cote d'Ivoire West African CFA Franc French
Abidjan (de facto)
Croatia Zagreb Croatian kuna Kuna
Cuba Havana Cuban Peso Spanish
Cyprus Nicosia Euro Greek; Turkish
Czech Republic Prague Czech Koruna Czech; Slovak
Denmark Copenhagen Danish Krone Danish
Djibouti Djibouti Djiboutian franc Arabic; French
English; French;
Dominica Roseau East Caribbean dollar
Antillean Creole
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Dominican Peso Spanish
East Timor (Timor- Tetum; Portuguese;
Dili U.S. dollar
Leste) Iindonesian
Ecuador Quito U.S. dollar Spanish
Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound Arabic
El Salvador San Salvador Colón; U.S. dollar Spanish
Central African CFA Spanish; French;
Equatorial Guinea Malabo
Franc Portuguese

SSC STATIC GK
Eritrea Asmara Eritrean Nakfa Arabic; Tigrinya; English

Estonia Tallinn Estonia Kroon; Euro Estonian
Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopian Birr Amharic
English; Bau Fijian;
Fiji Suva Fijian dollar
Hindi
Finland Helsinki Euro Finnish; Swedish
France Paris Euro French
Central African CFA
Gabon Libreville French
Franc
The Gambia Banjul Gambian Dalasi English
Georgia Tbilisi Georgian Lari Georgian
Germany Berlin Euro German
Ghana Accra Ghanaian Cedi English
Greece Athens Euro Greek
Grenada Saint George's East Caribbean dollar English; Patois
Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemalan Quetzal Spanish
Guinea Conakry Guinean franc French
Guinea-Bissau Bissau West African CFA Franc Portuguese
Guyana Georgetown Guyanese dollar English
Haiti Port-au-Prince Haitian Gourde Haitian Creole; French
Honduras Tegucigalpa Hondurian Lempira Spanish
Hungary Budapest Hungarian Forint Hungarian
Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic króna Icelandic
India New Delhi Indian Rupee Hindi; English
Indonesia Jakarta Indonesian Rupiah Indonesian
Iran Tehran Iranian Rial Persian
Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Dinar Arabic; Kurdish
Ireland Dublin Euro English; Irish
Israel Jerusalem* Israeli new Shekel Hebrew; Arabic
Italy Rome Euro Italian
Jamaica Kingston Jamaican dollar English
Japan Tokyo Japanese Yen Japanese
Jordan Amman Jordanian dinar Arabic
Kazakhstan Nur Sultan Kazakhstani Tenge Kazakh; Russian
Kenya Nairobi Kenyan shilling Swahili; English
Kiribati Tarawa Atoll Kiribati dollar English; Gilbertese
Korea, North Pyongyang North Korean Won Korean
Korea, South Seoul South Korean Won Korean
Kosovo Pristina Euro Albanian; Serbian
Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti Dinar Arabic; English
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Kyrgyzstani Som Kyrgyz; Russian
Laos Vientiane Lao Kip Lao (Laotian)
Latvia Riga Euro Latvian
Lebanon Beirut Lebanese pound Arabic; French
Lesotho Maseru Lesotho Loti Sesotho; English
Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar English

STATIC GK SSC
Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar Arabic
Liechtenstein Vaduz Swiss franc German
Lithuania Vilnius Lithuanian Litas Lithuanian
German; French;
Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro
Luxembourgish
Macedonia Skopje Macedonian Denar Macedonian
Malagasy; French;
Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy Ariary
English
Malawi Lilongwe Malawian Kwacha English
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit Malay
Maldives Male Rufiyaa Dhivehi
Mali Bamako West African CFA Franc French
Malta Valletta Euro Maltese; English
Marshall Islands Majuro U.S. Dollar Marshallese; English
Mauritania Nouakchott Mauritian Ouguiya Arabic
Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian rupee English
Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso Spanish
Micronesia, Federated
Palikir U.S. Dollar English
States of
Moldova Chisinau Moldovan Leu Moldovan (Romanian)
Monaco Monte Carlo Euro French; Italian; English
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Mongolian Togrog Mongolian
Montenegro Podgorica Euro Montenegrin
Morocco Rabat Moroccan dirham Arabic
Mozambique Maputo Mozambican Metical Portuguese
Myanmar (Burma) Nay Pyi Taw Burmese Kyat Burmese
English; Afrikaans;
Namibia Windhoek Namibian dollar
German
no official capital;
Nauru government offices in Australian dollar English; Nauran
Yaren District
Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese rupee Nepali
Amsterdam; The Hague
Netherlands Euro (formerly guilder) Dutch
(seat of government)
New Zealand Wellington New Zealand dollar English
Nicaragua Managua Nicaraguan cordoba Spanish
Niger Niamey West African CFA Franc French
Nigeria Abuja Nigerian Naira English
Norway Oslo Norwegian krone Norwegian
Oman Muscat Omani rial Arabic
Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani rupee Urdu; English
Palau Melekeok U.S. dollar English; Palauan
Ramallah, East
Palestine Israeli new shekel Arabic
Jerusalem
Panamian Balboa; U.S.
Panama Panama City Spanish
dollar

SSC STATIC GK
Papua New Guinean English; Tok Pisin;

Papua New Guinea Port Moresby
Kina Hiri Motu
Paraguay Asuncion Paraguayan Guaraní Spanish; Guarani
Peru Lima Peruvian sol Spanish
Philippines Manila Philippine Peso Filipino; English
Poland Warsaw Polish Zloty Polish
Portugal Lisbon Euro Portuguese
Qatar Doha Qatari riyal Arabic
Romania Bucharest Romanian leu Romanian
Russia Moscow Russian Ruble Romanian
Rwanda Kigali Rwandan franc Russian
Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre East Caribbean dollar English
Saint Lucia Castries East Caribbean dollar English
Saint Vincent and the
Kingstown East Caribbean dollar English
Grenadines
Samoa Apia Samoan Tala Samoan, English
San Marino San Marino Euro Italian
Sao Tome and Prinicpe
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome Portuguese
Dobra
Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi Riyal Arabic
Senegal Dakar West African CFA Franc French
Serbia Belgrade Serbian Dinar Serbian
Seychellois Creole,
Seychelles Victoria Seychellois rupee
French English
Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leonean Leone English
English, Chinese and
Singapore Singapore Singapore dollar Malay
Tamil
Slovakia Bratislava Euro Slovak
Slovenia Ljubljana Euro Slovene
Solomon Islands Honiara Solomon Islands dollar English
Somalia Mogadishu Somali shilling Somali Arabic
Afrikaans, English,
Pretoria Southern Ndebele,
(administrative); Cape Northern Sotho,
South Africa South African Rand
Town (legislative); Southern Sotho, Swazi
Bloemfontein (judiciary) Tsonga, Tswana, Venda,
Xhosa, Zulu
South Sudan Juba Sudanese Pound English
Spanish, Catalan
Spain Madrid Euro
Galician , Gasque
Colombo; Sri
Sri Lanka Jayewardenepura Kotte Sri Lankan rupee Sinhala, Tamil
(legislative)
Sudan Khartoum Sudanese Pound Arabic, English
Suriname Paramaribo Surinamese dollar Dutch
Swaziland Mbabane Swazi Lilangeni English, Swati

STATIC GK SSC
Sweden Stockholm Sweden Krona Swedish
German, French, Italian,
Switzerland Berne Swiss franc
Romansh
Syria Damascus Syrian pound Arabic
Taiwan Taipei New Taiwan dollar Standard Chinese
Tajikistan Dushanbe Tajikistani somoni Tajik; Russian
Dar es Salaam; Dodoma
Tanzania Tanzanian shilling Swahili, English
(legislative)
Thailand Bangkok Thai Baht Thai
Togo Lome West African CFA Franc French
Tonga Nuku'alofa Tongan Pa'anga English
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago Port-of-Spain English
dollar
Tunisia Tunis Tunisian dinar Arabic
Turkey Ankara Turkish lira (YTL) Turkish
Turkmenistan Ashgabat Turkmenistan Manat Turkmen
Vaiaku village, Funafuti
Tuvalu Tuvaluan Dollar Tuvaluan; English
province
Swahili, English,
Uganda Kampala Ugandan new shilling
Luganda
Ukraine Kiev Hryvnia Ukrainian
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi U.A.E. Dirham Arabic
United Kingdom London Pound sterling English
United States of America Washington D.C. U S Dollar English
Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay peso Spanish
Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistani so’m Uzbek
Vanuatu Port-Vila Vatu Bislama, French, English
Vatican City (Holy See) Vatican City Euro Italian
Venezuela Caracas Bolivar Spanish
Vietnam Hanoi Dong Vietnamese
Yemen Sanaa Rial Arabic
Zambia Lusaka Kwacha English
Zimbabwe Harare United States dollar English, Shona, Ndebele
PARLIAMENT NAMES OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Parliament Names of different Countries of Asia-Oceania:
S.No Country Parliament Name
1 Afghanistan National Assembly
2 Algeria Parliament
3 Australia Parliament
4 Bangladesh Jatiya Sansad
5 Bahrain National Assembly

SSC STATIC GK
6 Bhutan Tshogdu
7 Brunei Legislative Council
8 Myanmar Assembly of Union
9 Cambodia Parliament
10 China National People's Congress
11 India Sansad
12 Indonesia People's Consultative Assembly
13 Iran Majlis
14 Iraq The Council of Representatives
15 Israel Knesset
16 Japan Diet
17 Jordan Majlis al-Umma
18 Kazakhstan Parliament
19 North Korea Supreme People's Assembly
20 South Korea National Assembly
21 Malaysia Parliament
22 Nepal Legislature Parliament
23 Pakistan Majlis-e-Shoora
24 Philippines Kongreso
25 Russia Federal Assembly (Duma)
26 Saudi Arabia Majlis ash-Shura
27 Singapore Parliament
28 Sri Lanka Sri Lankavay Parlimentuwa
29 Tajikistan Majlisi Oli
30 Thiland Ratthasapha
31 United Arab Emirates Majlis Watani Ittihad
List of Parliament Names of Different Countries of Europe

1 Austria Federal Assembly
2 Belarus National Assembly

STATIC GK SSC
3 Belgium Federal Parliament
4 Bulgaria National Assembly
5 Croatia Hrvatski sabor
6 Cyprus House of Representatives
7 Czech Republic The Parliament of the Czech Republic
8 Denmark Folketing
9 Finland Parliament of Finland
10 France Parliament of France
11 Germany Bundestag
12 Greece Hellenic Parliament
13 Hungary The National Assembly
14 Iceland Alpingi
15 Ireland Oireachtas
16 Italy Italian Parliament
17 Luxembourg The Chamber
18 Netherlands States General
19 Norway Storting
20 Portugal The Assembly of the Republic
21 Romania Palace of the Parliament
22 Spain Cortes Generales
23 Sweden The Riksdag
24 Switzerland Federal Assembly
25 Turkey The Grand National Assembly of Turkey
26 United Kingdom Parliament
Parliament Names of different Countries of Americas

1 Argentina Congress of the Argentine Nation
2 Bahamas Parliament
3 Bolivia The Plurinational Legislative Assembly
4 Brazil National Congress

SSC STATIC GK
5 Canada Parliament
6 Chile National Congress
7 Colombia Congress
8 Cuba National Assembly of People's Power
9 Ecuador National Assembly
10 Mexico Congress of the Union
11 Paraguay Congress
12 United States Congress
13 Venezuela National Assembly
List of Parliament Names of Different Countries of Africa

1 Algeria Parliament
2 Botswana Parliament
3 Cameroon Parliament
4 Central African Republic National Assembly
5 Chad National Assembly
6 Egypt Majilis Al-Sha’ab
7 Ethiopia Parliament
8 Ghana Parliament
9 Kenya Parliament
10 Libya Majlis an-Nuwwab
11 Mozambique Assembly of the Republic
12 Nigeria National Assembly
13 Somalia Federal Parliament
14 South Africa Parliament
15 Sudan National Legislature
16 Zambia National Assembly
17 Zimbabwe Parliament

STATIC GK SSC
LEGISLATURES OF IMPORTANT COUNTRIES
Countries Legislatures Lower house Upper house
India Unicameral Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha
and Bicameral
UK Bicameral House of Commons House of Lords
US Bicameral House Senate
of Representatives
South Africa Bicameral National Council National Assembly
of Provinces
IMPORTANT ORGANISATIONS IN WORLD

ORGANISATION HEADQUARTERS
United Nations Organisation New York
United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) New York
UN Women New York
United Nations Security Council (UNSC) New York
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) New York
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Geneva
World Health Organisation Geneva
International Labour Organisation Geneva
International Committee of the Red Cross Geneva
World Trade Organisation Geneva
World Meteorological Organisation Geneva
World Intellectual Property Organization Geneva
International Organization for Standardization Geneva
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Paris
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Paris
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Vienna
International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Vienna
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington DC
World Bank Washington DC
Amnesty International London
International Maritime Organisation London
Commonwealth of Nations London
Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) Rome
World Food Programme (WFP) Rome
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Brussels
Universal Postal Union Berne
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Jakarta
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Singapore
Transparency International Berlin
International Renewable Energy Agency Abu Dhabi (UAE)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Kathmandu
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Jeddah

SSC STATIC GK
Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation Ebene, Mauritius

Worldwide Fund for Nature Gland, Switzerland
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) North Carolina,
United States
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Hague, The
Netherlands
International Court of Justice The Hague
International Olympic Committee Lausanne,
Switzerland
World Economic Forum Geneva, Switzerland
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Gland, Switzerland
International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Paris, France
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Nairobi, Kenya
UN-Habitat Nairobi, Kenya
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Geneva, Switzerland
United Nations University (UNU) Tokyo, Japan
International Hydrographic Organization Monaco
International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) Monaco
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Zurich, Switzerland
International Cricket Council (ICC) Dubai, UAE
International Hockey Federation (FIH) Lausanne,
Switzerland
Fédération internationale des échecs (FIDE) or World Chess Federation Athens, Greece
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Los Angeles, USA
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) or Doctors without Borders Geneva, Switzerland
International Shooting Sports Federation Munich, Germany
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Madrid, Spain
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Geneva, Switzerland
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Rome
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Montreal, Canada
UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) Geneva
United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Turin, Italy
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Vienna, Austria
COUNTRIES AND THEIR NATIONAL GAMES

S.No COUNTRIES NATIONAL SPORT
1 Afghanistan Buzkashi
2 Antigua and Barbuda Cricket
3 Argentina Pato
4 Australia Cricket and Australian Rules Football (AFL)
5 Bangladesh Kabaddi
6 Barbados Cricket
7 Bermuda Cricket
8 Bhutan Archery
9 Brazil Capoeira
10 Bulgaria Weightlifting

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11 Canada Ice hockey (In Winter) & Lacrosse (In Summer)
12 Chile Chilean rodeo
13 China Table Tennis
14 Cuba Baseball
15 Czech Republic Ice Hockey
16 Dominican Republic Baseball
17 England Cricket
18 France Football
19 Haiti Football
20 Hungary Water polo
21 Israel Football
22 Italy Football
23 Indonesia Badminton
24 Lithuania Basketball
25 Iran Wrestling
26 Jamaica Cricket
27 Japan Sumo Wrestling
28 Malaysia Sepak Takraw
29 Mongolia Mongolian wrestling, archery and horse riding.
30 Mauritius Football
31 Mexico Charreria
32 Nepal Volley Ball
33 New Zealand Rugby union
34 Norway Skiing
35 Pakistan Field Hockey
35 Philippines Arnis
36 Poland Football
37 Peru Paleta Frontón
38 Russia Bandy
39 Scotland Golf
40 Serbia Basketball, water polo, volleyball, and Football
41 Slovenia Skiing
42 South Korea Tae-kwon-do
43 SriLanka Volleyball
44 Switzerland Shooting and Gymnastics
45 Tajikistan Gushtigiri
46 Turkey Oil wrestling
47 USA Baseball
48 Venezuela Baseball
NATIONAL TROPHIES
Divan Cup,
Amrit Diwan Cup
Badminton
Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup
Chadha Cup

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Lady Rattan Tata Trophy

Agarwal Cup
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup
Narang Cup
Agha Khan Cup
All-India Women’s Guru Nanak Championship
Beighton Cup
Bombay Gold Cup
Dhyan Chand Trophy
Gurmeet Trophy
Guru Nanak Cup
Gyanuati Devi Trophy
Indira Gold Cup
Kuppuswamy Naidu Trophy
Obaidullah Khan Cup Hockey
MCC Trophy
Rene Frank Trophy
Murugappa Gold Cup
Modi Gold Cup
Nehru Trophy(Women)
Rangaswami Cup
Ranjit Singh Gold Cup
Scindia Gold Cup
Sahni Trophy
Tommy Eman Gold Cup
Bandodkar Trophy
Chakoia Gold Trophy
DCM Cup
Durand Cup
Dr. B.C.Roy Trophy (Junior category)
IFA Shield
Kalinga Cup
Federation Cup
Nijam Gold Cup
Scissor Cup Football
Nixan Gold Cup
Rovers Cup
Sanjay Gold Cup
Santosh Trophy
Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee
Subroto Cup
Raghbir Singh Memorial
Todd Memorial Trophy
Vittal Trophy
GD Birla Trophy
Ghulam Ahmed Trophy Cricket
Moinuddaula Gold Cup

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Coach Behar Trophy
C.K. Naydu Trophy
Deodhar Trophy
Vinod Mankand Trophy
Duleep Trophy
Sahara Cup
Irani Trophy
Rani Jhansi Trophy
Nehru Trophy
Ranjit Trophy
Reliance Cup
Rohinton Baria Trophy
Sheesh Mahal Trophy
Vizzy Trophy
Vijay Merchant Trophy
Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup Basketball
Barna-Bellack Cup
Travancore Cup
Rajkumar Cup
Table Tennis
Rajkumari Cup
Jaylaxmi Cup
Ramanujan Trophy
Burdwan Trophy Weight-lifting
Maulana Azad Trophy
Athletics
Charminar Trophy
Holkar Trophy Bridge
Jawaharlal Challenge Air Racing
Jaswant Singh Trophy Best Services in Sportsman
Ezra Cup
Radha Mohan Cup Polo
Maharaj Prithi Singh Cup
Rajendra Prasad Cup Tennis
Wellington Trophy Rowing
INTERNATIONAL TROPHIES
Australian Open
Wimbledon Open (Grass court)
French Open (Clay court)
Grand Prix
US open
Wightman Cup Lawn Tennis
Tata Open
Hopman Cup
Heineken Cup
Edgbaston Cup
Davis Cup
American Cup Yacht Racing

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Canada Cup
Augusta Masters
British Open
Golf
Eisenhower Cup
Ryder Cup
Walker Cup
Colombo Cup
BCS Trophy
Confederations Cup
Grey Cup
Heisman Trophy
Football
Jules Rimet Trophy ( FIFA WC)
UEFA Euro Cup
FIFA World Cup
Copa America
CAF African Cup of Nations
Corbitton Cup Table Tennis (Women)
Grand National Horse Staple Chase Race
King’s Cup Race Air Races
Swaythling Cup Table Tennis (Men)
Thomas Cup(Men)
Badminton
Uber Cup(Women)
Malaysian Open
U. Thant Cup
Wimbledon Tennis
Malaysian Open
Westchester Cup Polo
FIH World Cup
FIH Champions Trophy
Sultan Azlan Shah Trophy
Hockey
Essandre Champions Trophy
Stanley Cup
Rene Frank Trophy
ICC World Cup
ICC Champions Trophy
ICC T20 World Cup
Ashes
Rothman’s Trophy
Wills Trophy
Wisden Trophy Cricket
Titan Cup
Singer Cup
Sharjah Cup
Gillette Cup
Border Gavaskar Trophy
Benson and Hedges

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William Jones Cup Basketball
Grand Prix Moto GP,Formula 1,Table Tennis,Badminton
NOBEL LAUREATES IN INDIA

S.N Year
PERSON Field Subject
o awarded
Rabindranath
1 1913 Literature For the poem “Geetanjali”
Tagore
2 Sir C.V.Raman 1930 Science For “Raman Effect”
3 Amartya Sen 1998 Economics "For his contributions to welfare economics."
Was the chairman of the Intergovernmental
Rajendra K Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC was
4 2007 Peace
Pachauri awarded the Nobel Peace Prize during his
tenure.
Awarded jointly to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala
Yousafzai – "for their struggle against the
5 Kailash Sathyarthi 2014 Peace
suppression of children and young people and
for the right of all children to education”.
Overseas citizens of Indian origin
Har Gobind Physiology genetic code and its function in protein
1 1968
Khorana (U.S.A) or Medicine synthesis.
Subramanyan For his theoretical studies of the physical
2 Chandrasekar 1983 Physics processes of importance to the structure and
(U.S.A) evolution of the stars.
Venkatraman
"For studies of the structure and function of the
3 Ramakrishnan 2009 Chemistry
ribosome."
(U.S.A)
Abhijit Banerjee For their experimental approach to alleviating
4 2019 Economics
(USA) global poverty.
The following is a list of Nobel Prize Winners of Persons of Indian Origin and the Citizens of other
countries or of Persons of other countries who received the Nobel Prize for their works related to India
awarded Nobel Prize for Literature for his works
Rudyard Kipling
1 1907 Literature in Literature such as Poems and Short Stories
(U.K)
related to India and Burma/ Myanmar.
For work undertaken in the struggle to
2 Mother Theresa 1979 Peace overcome poverty and distress, which also
constitutes a threat to peace."
For his consistent resistance to the use of
3 Dalai Lama 1989 Peace violence in his people’s struggle to regain their
liberty.
For having united perceptive narrative and
2 V.S. Naipaul (U.K) 2001 Literature incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us
to see the presence of suppressed histories."

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NUMBER OF PLAYERS IN EACH SPORTS

S.NO SPORTS NAME NUMBER OF PLAYERS
1 Badminton 1 or 2
2 Baseball 9
3 Basketball 5
4 Bridge 2
5 Carrom 1 or 2
6 Cricket 11
7 Chess 1
8 Football (Soccer) 11
9 Rugby Football 15
10 Kabaddi 7
11 Field Hockey 11
12 Polo 4
13 Tennis 1 or 2
14 Volleyball 6
15 Water polo 7
16 Hand Ball 7
17 Lacrosse 12
18 Kho – Kho 9
19 Ice Hockey 6
20 Squash 1 or 2
21 Table Tennis 1 or 2
IMPORTANT DAYS IN A YEAR

JANUARY
Jan 1 Global Family Day
Jan 4 World Braille Day
Jan 6 World War Orphans Day
Jan 8 African National Congress Foundation Day
Jan 9 NRI Day
Jan 10 World Laughter Day, World Hindi Day
Jan 11 Death Anniversary Of Lal Bahadur Shastri
Jan 12 National Youth Day (Birth Day Of Swami Vivekananda)
Jan 15 Army Day
Jan 23 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's Birth Anniversary
Jan 24 National Girl Child Day
Jan 25 National Tourism Day, National Voter's Day, International Customs Duty Day
Jan 26 India's Republic Day, International Customs Day
Jan 27 International Holocaust Remembrance Day, International Day of Commemoration

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Jan 28 Data Protection Day, Birth Anniversary Of Lala Lajpat Rai
Jan 30 Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day, World Leprosy Eradication Day
FEBRUARY
Feb 1 Indian Coast Guard day
Feb 2 World Wetlands day
Feb 4 World Cancer Day, National Day of Sri Lanka
Feb 5 Kashmir Day
Feb 6 International Day against Female Genital Mutilation
Feb 10 World Pulses Day
Feb 11 World Day of the Sick
Feb 12 Darwin Day, Abraham Lincoln’s Birthday, National Productivity Day
Feb 13 Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary, World Radio Day, National women day
Feb 14 St. Valentine's Day
Feb 20 World Day of Social Justice, Arunachal Pradesh Foundation Day
Feb 21 International Mother Language Day
Feb 22 World Scout Day
Feb 23 World Peace and Understanding Day
Feb 24 Central Excise Day
Feb 28 National Science Day
MARCH
Mar 1 Zero Discrimination Day, World Civil Defence Day
Mar 3 National Defence Day, World Wildlife Day
Mar 4 International Women's week, National Security Day
Mar 8 International Women's Day
Mar 10 CISF Raising Day
Mar 12 Central Industrial Security Force Day
Mar 13 World Rotaract Day, No Smoking Day
Mar 14 Pi Day, International Day of Action for Rivers
Mar 15 World Consumer Rights Day,World Disabled Day
Mar 16 National Vaccination Day,world sleep day
Mar 18 Ordnance Factories Day(India)
Mar 20 International Day of Happiness, World Sparrow Day, World Oral Health Day
Mar 21 World Forestry Day,International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
Mar 22 World Water Day
Mar 23 World Meteorological Day
Mar 24 World TB Day,International Day for Achievers
Mar 26 Bangladesh Liberation Day
Mar 27 World Theatre Day
APRIL
Apr 1 Odisha Day, Prevention of Blindness Week
Apr 2 World Autism Awareness Day
Apr 4 International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine action
Apr 5 National Maritime Day
Apr 7 World Health Day

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Apr 8 World Tradition Day

Apr 10 World Homeopathy Day
Apr 11 National Safe Motherhood Day, National Pet Day
Apr 12 World Aviation & cosmonautics Day
Apr 13 Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day
Apr 14 B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day
Apr 17 World Haemophilia Day
Apr 18 World Heritage Day
Apr 21 World Creativity and Innovation Day, Secretaries' Day, National Civil Services Day
Apr 22 World Earth Day
Apr 23 World Book and Copyright Day
Apr 24 National Panchayati Day
Apr 25 World Malaria Day, World Veterinary Day
Apr 26 World Intellectual Property Day
Apr 28 World Day for Safety & Health at Work
Apr 29 International Dance Day
MAY
May 1 International Labour Day (Worker's Day)
May 3 International Energy Day, World Press Freedom Day, World Asthma Day
May 4 Coal Miners' Day, International Firefighters day
May 5 World laughter Day - First Sunday in May
May 7 World Athletics Day
May 8 International Red Cross Day, World Thalassemia Day
May 9 Victory Day
May 10 World Mother's Day
May 11 National Technology Day
May 12 International Nurses Day
May 14 World Migratory Day
May 15 International Day of Families
May 17 World Telecommunication and information society day,
World Hypertension Day.
May 18 World Museum Day
May 20 World Metrology Day
May 21 Anti-terrorism day (Death Anniversary of Rajiv Gandhi)
May 22 International Day for Biodiversity
May 23 World Turtle Day
May 24 Commonwealth Day
May 25 World Thyroid Day
May 29 International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers
May 31 World Anti-Tobacco Day
JUNE
June 1 World Milk Day
June 4 International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 World Environment Day
June 7 International level crossing awareness day

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June 8 World Brain Tumors Day, World Ocean Day
June 12 World Day Against Child Labor
June 14 World Blood Donor Day
June 16 International Integration Day
June 17 World Combat Day to Desertification and Drought
June 20 World Refugees Day
June 21 World Music Day, International yoga day
June 23 International Olympic Day, United Nations Public Service Day
June 26 International Day against Drug abuse and Illicit Trafficking
June 27 World Diabetes Day
JULY
July 1 National Doctor's Day, International Joke Day
July 2 World Sports Journalists Day
July 4 American Independence Day
July 6 World Zoonoses Day
July 7 International cooperation day.
July 11 World Population Day
July 12 Malala Day
July 17 World Day for International Justice
July 18 Nelson Mandela International day
July 26 Kargil Victory Day
July 27 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Foundation Day
July 28 World Nature Conservation Day, World Hepatitis Day
AUGUST
Aug 2 International Friendship Day
Aug 3 Independence day of Niger
Aug 5 Independence day of upper Volta
Aug 6 Hiroshima Day, Anti-Nuclear Day
Aug 7 National Handloom Day
Aug 9 Nagasaki Day, Quit India Movement Day, International Day of the World's Indigenous
People
Aug 12 International Youth Day
Aug 14 Pakistan's Independence Day
Aug 15 India's Independence Day, International Mourning Day
Aug 19 World Photography Day, World Humanitarian Day
Aug 20 Sadbhavna Divas, World Mosquito Day
Aug 21 World Senior Citizen's Day
Aug 23 International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Abolition
Aug 26 Women’s Equality Day
Aug 29 National Sports Day (Dhyanchand's birthday)
SEPTEMBER
Sept 5 National Teacher's Day (Birth anniversary of Dr.S.RadhaKrishnan ), Forgiveness day
Sept 8 International Literacy Day
Sept 14 Hindi Day, World First Aid Day

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Sept 15 International Day of Democracy, Engineers Day in India,World Clean-up Day

Sept 16 World Ozone Day
Sept 21 World Alzheimer's Day, International Day for Peace
Sept 25 Social Justice day
Sept 26 Day of the Deaf( Last sunday of the month)
Sept 27 World Tourism Day
Sep 29 World Heart Day
OCTOBER
Oct 1 World Vegetarian Day, International Day for the Elderly, World Wildlife week
Oct 2 Gandhi Jayanti, International Non-violence Day
Oct 3 World Nature Day, World Habitat Day (First monday of October)
Oct 4 World Animal Welfare Day
Oct 5 World Teacher's Day
Oct 8 Indian Air force Day, World Humanitarian Action Day
Oct 9 World Postal Day
Oct 10 World Mental Health Day, National Post Day
Oct 11 World Sight Day, International girl child day
Oct 12 World Arthritis day
Oct 13 World Calamity Control Day (UN) or UN International Day for Natural Disaster
Reduction
Oct 14 World Standards Day
Oct 15 Global Hand Washing Day, International Day of Rural Women, World White Cane Day
Oct 16 World Food Day
Oct 17 International Poverty Eradication Day, World Trauma Day
Oct 20 National Solidarity Day, World Statistics Day
Oct 24 United Nations Day, World Polio Day, World development information day
Oct 30 World Thrift Day
Oct 31 National Integration Day
NOVEMBER
Nov 1 World Vegan Day
Nov 5 World Tsunami Awareness Day, World radiography day
Nov 7 National Cancer Awareness Day
Nov 9 World Services day
Nov 10 World Science Day for Peace and Development
Nov 11 National Education Day
Nov 12 World Pneumonia Day
Nov 14 National Children's Day, World Diabetes day
Nov 16 National Press Day, International Day of Tolerance
Nov 17 International Student's Day, Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniversary, National Journalism
day
Nov 19 World Toilet Day,International Men’s day, World Citizen day
Nov 20 Africa Industrialization day, Universal children day
Nov 21 World Fisheries Day, World Television Day
Nov 25 International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, World non-veg day
Nov 26 National Constitution Day (National Law Day)
Nov 29 International day of solidarity with Palestinian people

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Nov 30 Flag day
DECEMBER
Dec 1 World AIDS Day
Dec 2 World Computer Literacy Day,International Day for the Abolition of Slavery, World
Pollution Prevention Day
Dec 3 World Conservation Day, International Day of People with Disability
Dec 4 Indian Navy Day
Dec 5 International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development,
World Soil Day
Dec 7 Armed Forces Flag Day-India, International Civil Aviation Day
Dec 9 International Day Against Corruption
Dec 10 World Human Rights Day, International Broadcasting Day
Dec 11 UNICEF Day,International Mountains Day
Dec 14 International energy day
Dec 18 International Migrants Day
Dec 19 Goa’s liberation day
Dec 20 International Human Solidarity Day
Dec 22 National Mathematics Day
Dec 23 Kisan Divas (Farmer's day)
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION

World’s largest International Organisation and a successor of League of Nations. (League of Nations was
formed after the World War I, but it failed).
The charter on June 26, 1945, at a meeting of the representatives of 50 states, representing 2/3rd of
the world population.
The name United Nations Charter was given at the instance of US President Roosevelt.
The charter of the constitution was formed at Dumbarton oaks (Washington DC) conference by USSR,
UK, US and China.
Formally came into existence on October 24, 1945.
First regular session was held in London in January 1946 and Trygve Lie (Norway) was elected the first
secretary general.
Headquarters located at first avenue, UN plaza, New York city, New York, US. It is 17-acre tract of land
donated by John D. Rockfeller. The building is 39 storey.
Flag: White UN emblem (2 bent olive branches open at the top, and in between them is the map of the
world) on a light blue background. It was adopted on December 7, 1946. The UN flag is not to be
subordinated to any other flag in the world.
The purposes of the UN can be divided into 4 groups-Security, Justice, Welfare and Human rights.
Disarm, decolonise and develop are the 3 new objectives set forth by the UN.
One of the principles of UN is not to interfere in the internal affairs of any state so long as it acts according
to the terms of the charter.
The official languages of the UN are English, French, Chinese, Russian, Arabic and Spanish, while the
working languages are English and French only.
Admission of members: New members are admitted to the General assembly on the recommendation of
the security council.
The present membership of UN is 193. South Sudan joined in 2011.

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ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS

There are six principal bodies of the UN:
General assembly
Security council
Economic and Social Council
International Court of Justice.
Trusteeship council
Secretariat
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Consists of all member states of the U.N. Each member nation can send five delegates, but each nation
has only one vote.
The general assembly meets in regular session beginning in September each year.
SECURITY COUNCIL
It is the executive body of the U.N. It consists of total 15 members, out of which five members are
permanent and the remaining 10 members are non-permanent.
China, France, Russia, UK and USA are the permanent members.
The non-permanent members are elected by the general assembly for 2 years from among the member
states.
The permanent members of the security council have got veto power. Any matter supported by the
majority of the members fails to be carried through if negative vote is cast by any of the permanent
members.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

The organ of the U.N. consists of 54 representatives of the member countries elected by a two-third
majority of the general assembly.
Its organ function is to achieve international co-operation by solving international problems of economic,
social, cultural and humanitarian character.
One-third of this council is elected every year for the period of three years and equal numbers retire
annually.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

It is the principle judicial organ of the United Nations.
The headquarters of the international court of justice is at “The Hague” (Netherlands).
The court consists of 15 judges. The judges of the court are elected by the general assembly along with
the security council for a nine-year term.
Out of 15 Judges, 3 are from Africa, 2 are from Latin America, 3 are from Asia, 5 are from western
Europe and other states and 2 are from eastern Europe.
Four Indian judges have so far been appointed in ICJ: Sir Benegal Rau (1952-53), Dr. Nagendra Singh
(1985-88), R.S. Pathak (1989-91), Dalveer Bhandari (2012-18) and renominated for second tenure.
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
This organ consists of 14 members out of which five are the permanent members of the security council.
The function of this organ is to provide for an international trusteeship system to safeguard the interests
of inhabitants of territories that are not yet fully self-governing, and which may be placed there under
by individual agreements.
SECRETARIAT

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This organ of the United Nations is the chief administrative office which coordinates and supervises the
activities of U.N.
This secretariat is heated by a secretary-general who is appointed by the general assembly on the
recommendation of the security council.
The Secretary-general of the U.N. is elected for five years and eligible for re-election.
SECRETARY GENERALS OF U.N.

Sl.no Name Nationality Period
1 Trygve Le Norway 1946-53
2 Dag Hammarskjold Sweden 1953-61
3 U. Thant Myanmar 1962-71
4 Kurt Waldheim Austria 1972-81
5 Javier perez de cuellar Peru 1982-91
6 Dr. Boutros Ghali Egypt 1992-96
7 Kofi Annan Ghana 1997-2006
8 Ban Ki-moon South Korea 2007-2016
9 Antonio Guterres Portugal 2017-At present
SOME IMPORTANT U.N. AGENCIES

Name of agency Estd. in Headquarters Purpose
International Labour To improve conditions and living
1919 Geneva
Organisation (ILO) standards of workers.
World Health Attainment of the highest possible level
1948 Geneva
Organisation (WHO) of health by all people.
United Nations
Educational, Scientific To promote collaboration among nations
1945 Paris
and Cultural Organisation through education, science and culture.
(UNESCO)
International Atomic To promote peaceful uses of atomic
1957 Vienna
Energy Agency (IAEA) energy.
United Nations
International Children’s To promote children’s welfare all over
1946 New York
Emergency Fund the world.
(UNICEF)
United Nations High
Commissioner for 1950 Geneva To provide protection to refugees.
Refugees (UNHCR)
International Fund for For financing agricultural projects in the
1977 Rome
Agricultural Development world to raise the economic growth.
United Nations Promotes international trade to
Conference on Trade and 1964 Geneva accelerate the economic growth of
Development (UNCTAD) developing countries.

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International Civil
1947 Montreal Promotes safety of international aviation
Aviation Organisation
International Monetary Promotes international monetary
1945 Washington D.C
Fund (IMF) corporation
Promotes economic development by
International Finance
1956 Washington D.C encouraging private enterprise in its
Corporation
member countries.
Universal Postal Union Improve various postal services in the
1874 Berne
(UPU) world.
United Nations
Promotes international co-operation in
Environmental 1972 Nairobi
human environment
Programme (UNEP)
United Nations Industrial Sets international regulations for radio,
Development 1966 Vienna, Austria telegraph, telephone and space radio
Organisation (UNIDO) communication.
Food and Agricultural To improve living condition of rural
1945 Rome
Organisation(FAO) population.
International Bank for Development of economies of members
Reconstruction and 1944 Washington D.C by facilitating investment of capitals by
Development (IBRD) providing loans.
World Meteorological Promotes international exchange of
1950 Geneva
Organisation (WMO) weather reports.
World Trade Organisation Setting rules for world trade to reduce
1995 Geneva
(WTO) tariffs.
United Nations Help developing countries increase the
Development Programme 1965 New York wealth-producing capabilities of their
(UNDP) natural and human resources.
Promotes co-operation on technical
Inter-Government
matters of maritime safety, navigation
Maritime Consultative 1948 London
and encourages anti-pollution
Organisation (IMCO)
measures.
International An affiliate of the world bank, arms to
Development Association 1960 Washington D.C help under-developed countries raise
(IDA) living standards.
International Tele- Sets international regulations for radio
communication Union 1865 Geneva telegraph, telephone and space radio
(ITU) communications.
Provides training research to help
United Nations Institute
facilitate UN objectives of world peace
for Training and Research 1963 Geneva
and security and of economic and social
(UNITAR)
progress.
United Nations Relief and
Provides basic amenities and education
work for Palestine 1949 New York
for the victims of Arab-Israel progress.
Refugees (UNRWA)
Studying population dynamics,
United Nations Fund for
collecting population data, formulating
Population Activities 1969 New York
and evolving population policies, family
(UNFPA)
planning and related programs.

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UN INTERNATIONAL DECADES
2022-2032 International Decade of Indigenous Languages
United Nations Decade of Heathy Ageing, United Nations Decade on Ecosystem
2021-2030
Restoration, United Nations Decade of Ocean science for Sustainable Development
2019-2028 Nelson Mandela Decade of Peace, United Nations Decade of Family Farming
2018-2028 International Decade for Action “ Water for Sustainable development”
2018-2027 Third United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty
2016-2025 United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition
2015-2024 International Decade for People of African Descent
2014-2024 United Nations Decade of Sustainable Energy for All

Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism,
2011-2020
UN Decade on Biodiversity, Decade of Action for Road safety
2010-2020 UN Decade for Deserts and the Fight against Desertification
2008-2017 Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty

Decade of Recovery and Sustainable Development of the Affected Regions (third decade
2006-2016
after the Chernobyl disaster)
2005-2015 International Decade for Action, “Water for Life”
UN Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development,
2005-2014
Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People
2003-2012 United Nations Literacy Decade: Education For All
Second UN Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, International
2001-2010 Decade for Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World,Decade to Roll Back
Malaria in Developing Countries, Particularly in Africa
COMMISSIONED RANKS
Army Air Force Navy
General Air Chief Marshal Admiral
Lieutenant General Air Marshal Vice-Admiral
Major General Air Vice-Marshal Rear Admiral
Brigadier Air Commodore Commodore
Colonel Group Captain Captain
Lieutenant Colonel Wing Commander Colonel Commander
Major Squadron Leader Commander
Captain Flight Lieutenant Lieutenant
Lieutenant Flying Officer Sub Lieutenant

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TERMS USED IN SPORTS

SPORT/GAME TERMS USED
Archery Bolt, Boss, Bowman, Bullseye, Draw, Fistmele, Gungdo, Nock, Quarrel, Upshot
Relay, Track, Lane, Photofinish, Hurdles, Shotput, Discuss Throw, Hammar Throw,
Athletics
High Jump, Triple Jump Cross Country
Badminton Service, Deuce, Smash, Drop, Let, Game, Love, Double Fault.
Baseball Pitcher, Strike, Diamond, Bunting, Home run, Put Out.
Basketball Free Throw, Common Foul, Under Head, Technical Foul, Over Head
Boat Race Cox.
Billiards Jigger, Break shot, Scratch, Cannons, Pot, Cue, In Baulk, In Off.
Boating Cox.
Boxing Jab, Hook, Punch, Knock-out, Upper cut, Kidney Punch,Technical Knockout
Bridge Revoke, Ruff, Dummy, Little Slam, Grand Slam, Trump, Diamonds, Tricks.
Chess Gambit, Checkmate, Stalemate, Check.

Leg Before Wicket, Maiden over, Rubber, Stumped, Hattrick, Leg Bye, Follow on,
Googly, Gully, Mid off,Mid on,Free hit, Duck, Run, Drive, No ball, Cover point, Leg
Cricket
Spinner, Wicket Keeper, Pitch, Crease,Bowling, Leg-Break, Hit-Wicket, Bouncer,
Stone-Walling,Boundary.
Croquet Mallet, Hoops.
Advantage, Dribble, Off-Side, Penalty, Throw-in, Hat-Trick, Foul, Touch, Down,
Football
Drop Kick, Stopper,Corner kick,Free kick.
Golf Hole, Bogey, Put, Stymie, Caddie, Tee, Links, Putting the green.
Advantage,Bully, Hat-Trick, Short corner, Back stick, Striking Circle,Reverse
Hockey flick,Penalty Stroke, Penalty corner, Under cutting, Scoop, Carry, Dribble,shoot
out,Free hit.
Horse Racing Punter, Jockey, Place, Win, Protest.
Kabaddi Bonus-Line, Corner, Cover, Raid, Tackle

Ace,Advantage,Deuce,Fault,Double – fault,Volley,Smash,Service, Back-hand-
Lawn Tennis
drive,Love.
Polo Chukker, Bunker, Mallet.
Rifle Shooting Bull's eyes,marksmanship, plug, skeet, etc.
Rugby Football Drop Kick, Screen.
Skiing Tobogganing.
Swimming Stroke,Crawl,Spring Board,Twist,Butterfly

Foil,End line,Late control,Back spin,Centre line,Half court,side spin,Swing
Table Tennis stroke,Push stroke,Rally,Reverse,top spin,Lob,Chopped return,Service,Flat
hit,Block stroke.

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Volleyball Deuce, Booster, Spikers, Service, Love.
Wrestling Heave, Half Nelson
FATHERS OF SOME IMPORTANT BRANCHES

Father of Greek
Aeschylus Father of Immunology Edward Jenner
Tragedy
Father of Modern
Father of Comedy Aristophanes Antoine Lavoisier
Chemistry
Father of the Alexander Graham

Father of Atom Bomb Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
Telephone Bell
Father of Nuclear
Father of Chemistry Robert Boyle Ernest Rutherford
Physics
Father of English
Geoffrey Chaucer Father of Economics Adam Smith
Poetry
Father of Aviation Sir George Cayley Father of Railways George Stephenson

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LIST OF REVOLUTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 39

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FIRST IN INDIA (MALE)..................................................................................................................... 119

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IMPORTANT BATTLES IN HISTORY

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IMPORTANT SESSIONS OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (I.N.C)

Year Venue President

1895,1902 Poona, Ahmedabad Surendra Nath Banerjee

Rahimtullah Sayani (Vande Mataram sung for first time by

1925 Kanpur Sarojini Naidu (first Indian Woman President)

1927 Madras Dr. M A Ansari

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S. C. Bose was re-elected but had to resign due to protest

1940 Ramgarh Abul Kalam Azad

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN MODERN HISTORY

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1918 World War I ends.

IMPORTANT FOREIGN TRAVELLERS / ENVOYS

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He was an Italian traveller to the Mughal empire in the reign of Shahjahan, he

IMPORTANT BATTLES IN WORLD

Battle Period/Year Countries Involved

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Civil War in England between the two rival royal houses of

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Operation Polo 1948 Integration of Hyderabad into India.

NEWSPAPERS AND THEIR FOUNDERS

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Hindu Vir Raghavacharya and G.S.Aiyar

LIST OF BHARAT RATNA AWARDEES SO FAR

Dr. C.V. Raman 1954 Physicist

Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan 1954 Philosopher, second President

Shri. Rajagopalachari 1954 Independence activist, last Governor-General

Dr. M. Visvesvaraya 1955 Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore

Dr. Bhagavan Das 1955 Independence activist, author

Dr. B. C. Roy 1961 Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal

Shri Purushottam Das Tandon 1961 Independence activist, educator

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Dr. Zakir Hussain 1963 Scholar, third President

Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane 1963 Indologist and Sanskrit scholar

Shri V.V. Giri 1975 Trade unionist and fourth President

Shri.K. Kamraj 1976 Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of

Acharya Vinoba Bhave 1983 Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist

Shri Rajiv Gandhi 1991 Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister

Shri Morarji Desai 1991 Independence activist, fourth Prime Minister

Shri Satyajit Ray 1992 Bengali filmmaker

Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali 1997 Posthumous, independence activist

Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam 1997 Aeronautical Engineer,11th President of India

Smt. M.S. Subbulakshmi 1998 Carnatic classical singer

Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam 1998 Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture

Pandit Ravi Shankar 1999 Sitar player

Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan 1999 Posthumous, independence activist and politician

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi 1999 Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of

Ustad Bismillah Khan (Late) 2001 Hindustani classical shehnai player

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Lata Mangeshkar 2001 Playback singer

Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi 2009 Hindustani classical singer

C. N. R. Rao 2014 Indian Chemist