Jeff Zycon D.

Marasigan 2020-08889-MN-0
BSIE 3-3 Readings in Philippine History
1. Research and prepare a matrix of the members of Malolos Congress who drafted the
constitution. Identify their personal backgrounds by showing whether they became the
predecessors of the present-day politicians and elites.

CONTRIBUTORS PERSONAL BACKGROUNDS

Jose Alejandrino During the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-
American War, Alejandrino served as a general in the
Philippine Republican Army. He served as a senator for the
Philippines' Twelfth Senatorial District. Alejandrino was a
member of the two committees that wrote the Malolos
Constitution while serving in the Malolos Congress in 1898.
He was appointed Director of Agriculture, Industry, and
Commerce on September 26. He is the predecessor of
Ferdinand Marcos Jr. the secretary of the Department of
Agriculture and Alfredo E. Pascual the Secretary of the
Department of Trade and Industry.
Joaquin Gonzales Gonzalez was a representative from the Philippines and a co-
author of the Malolos Constitution in the Malolos Congress.
The first Rector/President of the Universidad Cientifico-
Literaria de Filipinas, the forerunner of today's University of
the Philippines, was appointed by President Aguinaldo on
October 19, 1898, to be Dr. González. Dr. González joined
the seven-person Permanent Commission of the National
Assembly established by the Malolos Constitution in April
1899. He was one of two elected delegates who represented
Pampanga province. The current representatives of the
province of Pampanga are Carmelo Lazatin II, Gloria
Arroyo, Aurelio Gonzales Jr., and Anna York Bondoc.
Gregorio S. Araneta During the Spanish and American colonial eras, Araneta was
a lawyer, businessman, and nationalist from the Philippines.
Araneta took part in the Malolos Constitution's drafting. He
accepted his appointment as Justice of the Ministry of
Justice and resigned as Secretary in the process. He is the
predecessor of the secretary of Justice Jesus Crispin Remulla
himself.
Pablo Ocampo Ocampo was a Filipino lawyer and nationalist who served as
a member of the Malolos Congress and, alongside Benito
Legarda, served as the first Resident Commissioner from the
Philippine Islands to the US Congress. He was also a
legislator in the 2nd Philippine Legislature. He was chosen
as the committee's secretary and a member to draft the
 constitution. He was Manila's vice-mayor from 1915 to
1920. He is the predecessor of today’s vice-mayor of Manila
Yul Servo.
Aguedo Velarde In the first and third assemblies, he was the chairman of the
Committee on the revision of laws. He was the author of
several measures amending codal provisions. He showed a
deep interest in the agricultural and industrial development
of the country and sought to establish an agricultural bank.
Higinio Benitez Benitez was a lawyer and judge who represented the
province of Laguna in the Malolos Congress. Benitez
continued in the legal profession during the American
regime. In 1899, he was named secretary of the Supreme
Court, then associate justice of the Court of Land
Registration. He is the predecessor of today’s Chief Justice
Alexander G. Gesmundo.
Tomas del Rosario Del Rosario was a Filipino judge and statesman who served
as the first Governor of the province of Bataan from 1903 to
1905. He is remembered for advocating the separation of
church and state. he became a delegate of Surigao in
the Malolos Congress in 1898 and delegate to the Philippine
Assembly from 1909 to 1912. He is the predecessor of the
current Bataan Governor Jose Enrique Garcia.
Jose Luna Luna served as the municipal physician of Binondo from
1888 until the time of the Revolution. On 16 September
1896, he and his brothers were arrested for their participation
in the Revolution. Sometime in September 1898, Luna was
appointed a provisional representative to the Malolos
Congress. Nevertheless, before the month ended, he was
named health officer of the 8th sanitary district of Manila by
the American government.
Antonio Luna Antonio Luna was a Filipino army general who fought in
the Philippine–American War before his assassination in
1899. Regarded as one of the fiercest generals of his time, he
succeeded Artemio Ricarte as the Commanding General of
the Philippine Army. He was also a member of the Malolos
Congress. Besides his military studies, Luna also
studied pharmacology, literature, and chemistry. He is the
predecessor of the Commanding General of the Philippine
Army is Gen. Romeo Brawner Jr.
Felipe Calderon Calderon was a Filipino lawyer, politician, and intellectual,
known as the "Father of the Malolos Constitution". In
September 1898, after the return of Emilio Aguinaldo to
Cavite from Hong Kong, he accepted Aguinaldo’s
appointment as a representative of the first district of
Paragua in the Revolutionary Congress
in Malolos, Bulacan. When the Philippine–American
 War began, he traveled to Manila where he appeared before
the Schurman Commission on April 27, 1899, offering
suggestions for the restoration of peace. He was requested to
draft rules for the Philippine government of the first
municipalities during the war with the United States.
Pedro Paterno Paterno was a Filipino politician infamous for being
a turncoat. His intervention on behalf of the Spanish led to
the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 14,
1897, an account of which he published in 1910. Paterno
was elected President of the Malolos Congress in September
1898.   He served as prime minister of the First Philippine
Republic in the middle of 1899, and served as head of the
country's assembly, and the cabinet. He is the predecessor of
the Senate President Juan Miguel Zubiri and the House
Speaker Martin Romualdez.
Arsenio Cruz Herrera Herrera was considered the first Filipino Mayor of Manila.
He was also the leader of the Progresista Party from 1907 to
1914. During the Malolos Congress, he was elected as one of
the four elected members from Manila. He was also part of
the commission that drafted the Malolos Constitution, which
was enacted on January 21, 1899. He later realized that the
armed struggle for independence was vain, so he decided to
cooperate with the Americans. He is the predecessor of
Manila mayor Honey Lacuna.
Felipe Buencamino Buencamino was an infamous turncoat, Filipino lawyer, and
politician. He fought alongside the Spaniards in the
Philippine Revolution but later switched sides and
joined Emilio Aguinaldo's revolutionary cabinet. He was a
member of the Malolos Congress and co-authored
the Malolos Constitution. He was also appointed
as Secretary of Foreign Relations in the cabinet of
Aguinaldo. After he left the revolutionary government, he
co-founded the Federal Party and became a founding
member of the Philippine Independent Church. He is the
predecessor of the secretary of the Department of Foreign
Affairs Enrique A. Manalo.
Apolinario Mabini Mabini was a Filipino revolutionary
leader, educator, lawyer, and statesman who served first as a
legal and constitutional adviser to the Revolutionary
Government, and then as the first Prime Minister of the
Philippines upon the establishment of the First Philippine
Republic. He became instrumental in the drafting of what
would eventually be known as the Malolos Constitution. He
is the predecessor of the President of the Republic of the
Philippines Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
References
Calderón, Felipe (1907). Mis memorias sobre la revolución filipina: Segunda etapa, (1898 á
1901). Manila: Imp. de El Renacimiento. pp. 234, 235, appendix, pp. 5–10.
Kalaw, Maximo M. (1927). The Development of Philippine Politics. Oriental Commercial.
pp. 127, 130.
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1980). Ang Pilipinas at Mga Pilipino, Noon at Ngayon (The Philippines
and the Filipinos, Then and Now). Garotech Publishing, Quezon City, Philippines
García Castellón, Manuel. "Pedro Alejandro Paterno y de Vera-Ignacio (Manila, 1858 - 1911)"
Foreman, J., 1906, The Philippine Islands, A Political, Geographical, Ethnographical, Social and
Commercial History of the Philippine Archipelago, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
Malcolm, George A. (26 November 2017). "The Malolos Constitution". Political Science
Quarterly. 36 (1): 91–103. doi:10.2307/2142663. JSTOR 2142663.
Ph. D., History; J. D., University of Washington School of Law; B. A., History. "Biography of
Apolinario Mabini, Philippines' First Prime Minister". ThoughtCo

2. Make a three-paragraph reflection paper on the significance of First Philippine Republic and
Malolos Constitution in the present-day government.
The First Philippine Republic, also called the Malolos Republic, was a pivotal moment in
Philippine history. It was the first occasion Filipinos created their government without the
assistance of Spanish colonial rule. In the Philippines' progress toward self-government, the
creation of the Malolos Congress and the writing of the Malolos Constitution were significant
turning points.
The Malolos Constitution, which established the separation of powers and a system of
checks and balances akin to the US Constitution, was a ground-breaking document. Additionally,
it ensured that personal liberties and rights like freedom of speech, religion, and press were
protected. These values served as the cornerstone of the Philippines' democratic government and
are still applicable today.
In the Philippines today, many of the principles and ideas put forth during the First
Philippine Republic and the Malolos Constitution still influence the political and legal structures
of the nation. The Constitution continues to motivate Filipinos to work toward a better, more just
society by serving as a reminder of the sacrifices and struggles made by the revolutionaries who
fought for independence. Additionally, it serves as a reminder to keep pushing for the
advancement of democratic institutions and the defense of human rights.