7a Grammar past modals

a Complete the dialogues. Rewrite the phrases in parentheses using might (not) have, must have,
or couldn’t have + past participle.
1 A Why is there so much tra ic today?
B I don’t know. There must have been an accident. (Maybe
there was)
2 A Can you move your leg?
B No, it hurts too much. I think I it. (Maybe I
have broken it)
3 A Look! The gate’s open and the dog has gone.
B Oh, no! We it open when we went out.
(I’m sure we le t it open)
4 A Oh, no, the cake’s burning!
B You
turned the oven on)
too high. (You de initely

o m
5 A I can’t ind the milk. We
didn’t drink it)
. c
it all. (I’m sure we

B Yes, you’re right. It must be in there somewhere.

6 A Where’s Jeremy? He should be here.
r s
B He
didn’t see)

p
7 A Ellen passed all her exams with high grades!
a
the email about the meeting. (Maybe he

B Wow! She

a n
really hard. (I’m sure she worked)
8 A Mom, I’m going to play soccer now.
B What? You

.t r
(It’s impossible you’ve inished)
all o your homework.

9 A We didn’t see Dan and Sarah at the concert.

B They
w tickets. I think the concert was sold out.
(Maybe they weren’t able to get)

w
10 A I called you earlier, but I got your voicemail.

bw B Sorry. I

come keep take

by mistake. (I’m sure I turned it o )

Complete the sentences with should / shouldn’t have and the past participle o a verb rom the list.

break up tell use wait wear

1 We’re lost. I knew we should have taken the second exit at the rotary!
2 This tastes really spicy. You so much chili.
3 You with James. He was such a nice guy.
4 The concert was amazing. You with us.
5 Jim’s already gone? I don’t believe it – he or us.
6 I’m a raid we can’t exchange the jacket now. You the receipt.
7 You us that you were in the hospital. We would have visited you.
8 I these jeans. They really don’t look good on me.

v
c Write our dialogues o two lines using must have, might have, could(n’t) have, and should(n’t).

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 7B Grammar verbs of the senses
a Complete the dialogue with smells, smells like, or smells as if.

Customer I’m looking for a perfume for my wife that 1 smells nice and fresh.
Assistant What about this one? It 2 very flowery.
Customer No, I don’t like it. It 3
it’s for an older woman.
Assistant Try this one then – it’s called “Paris.”
Customer That’s very nice. It 4 roses.

Complete the dialogue with feels, feels like, or feels as if.

Assistant It’s very good quality and it 5 very smooth.

Touch it and see.
Tourist
Assistant
Tourist
Hmm, yes. It 6
No, it’s cotton, but it
The material 8
7
silk. Is it silk?
it’s made of silk.
very soft. I like it.
o m
Complete the dialogue with tastes, tastes like, or tastes as if.
. c
Woman 1 Try a piece of this. It 9

r
delicious.
s
Woman 2 Mmm. This one

a
the cakes my grandma used to make.
10

Woman 1 It’s very nice. It 11 there’s a little bit of orange in there.

Woman 2 That’s right! And it 12
store-bought cakes.

n p much better than the

a
Complete the dialogue with look, look like, or look as if.

r
Woman
Man
.t
You shouldn’t have said you wanted to come if you didn’t.
Why do you say that?
Woman
Man
w
You 13 you are totally bored.
I did want to come. It’s just that they all 14 fine to me.
Woman
w Even the ones that make me 15 I’m 60 years old?

w
Man OK, those ones do 16 a little old fashioned.
Woman And these ones that 17 something
a 13-year-old would wear?
Man They 18 OK to me.
Woman Oh, you’re so helpful.

Complete the dialogue with sound(s), sound(s) like, or sound(s) as if.

Engineer Wait! You’re coming in too soon. It

19
wrong.
Guitarist It 20 fine to me.
Engineer No, it 21
you’re rushing in.
Guitarist Well, how should it sound?
Engineer It should 22 an early
80s rock band, remember?

v
b Practice the dialogues with a partner. Then cover the dialogues and try to act them out rom
memory.

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8a Grammar the passive
a Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in parentheses into the correct orm o the passive.
1 Three men were arrested this evening and will be questioned by police tomorrow morning.
(question)
2 Oh, no. My bike isn’t here! It must . (steal)
3 Right now, three suspects by the police. (interrogate)
4 The accident happened because the car at 120 mph. (drive)
5 The ake goods when the truck at the border. (discover, stop)
6 Strong measures must to reduce the amount o crime in the city. (take)
7 People who shopli ting o ten turn out to have some kind o psychological problem.
(catch)
8 The town hall again – someone has painted gra iti over the walls. It’s the third time
this year. (vandalize)
9 As soon as we got home we could see that the kitchen window
two men in the living room. (break)
o m and that there were

10 Police are worried that a lot o tourists

. c next weekend during the carnival. (rob)

s
11 In the past, people used to prison or speaking out against the government. (send)

b
necessary words, e.g., to or that.

a r
Complete the newspaper report with the verbs in parentheses in the passive. Add any other

p
Investigation after neighborhood incident
n
t r a
Police have begun an inquiry a ter a ght Five men, who 6 (think)

.
broke out between several people on
North Street, in Baltimore.
be rom the Washington DC area, and
are aged between 21 and 32, have been

w
The ght 1 is believed to (believe) have
started in the early hours o Friday
arrested. The police are asking anyone
who witnessed the incident to contact

w
morning at an address near the corner o
North Street. It 2 (think) the
them urgently. All in ormation will be
treated con dentially.

w ght started a ter a car was damaged by

one o the men.
At least one o the men involved
3
(say) have been armed. Three
men remain in the hospital and are being
treated or injuries, which 4
(understand) be the result o the ght.
It 5 (expect) one man will be
released rom the hospital later today.

v
c Choose one o the headlines below and write a short news article in about 100 words.
• Vandals attack cars in supermarket parking lot
• Two men escape rom prison van
• Armed men steal $50,000 rom post o ice
• Robbery at town center jeweler’s
• Mugger inally caught

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 8B Grammar reporting verbs
a Complete each sentence with the correct orm o the verb in parentheses.
1 A Remind me to book a taxi to the airport. (book)
B We don’t need one, Andy’s o ered us a ride. (give)
2 A Hi, Tom. I’m surprised to see you here. I didn’t think you liked opera.
B I don’t, but Camila persuaded me tonight. (come)
3 A Have the police ound the men that robbed the supermarket?
B Apparently, they’ve arrested one man, but he denies anything to do with it.
(have)
4 A I’ve always regretted to college when I was younger. (not go)
B Well, it’s never too late. Why don’t you apply?
5 A Have the kids been arguing again? Chen’s really upset, but he re uses me why.
(tell)
B Oh, Harry’s accused Chen o
o m
one o his toys, and now they aren’t speaking to

c
each other. (break)
6 A Where are you going on vacation this year?
B We haven’t decided yet. Keiko suggested

s . on a cruise, but I always get seasick. (go)

B I warned you

a r
7 A Someone broke into the car and stole my laptop while I was in the supermarket.
it in the car. Have you reported it to the police? (not leave)
8 A There’s a unny smell in the kitchen.
B That’s because your dad insisted on

n p curry or dinner and he burned it. (make)

a
b Complete the sentences using the reporting verb in parentheses and a verb rom the list.

come cook eat

.t r
forget keep lose clean

1 Adam offered to cook dinner or everyone. (o er)

try

2 Andy
3 So ia
w his room at the weekend. (promise)
to call. (apologize)
4 Bill
w his ather all o his money in the bank. (advise)

w5 Kathy
6 Amir
7 Mike
8 Jamie
the new pizza place. (suggest)
all o the chocolates. (admit)
me
us
to the theater with him. (invite)
the game. (blame)

v
c Think o a time when you…
• received some good advice. My sister advised me to take a class to improve my computer skills.
• apologized to someone.
• o ered to help someone.
• made a suggestion.
• were blamed or something you didn’t do.
• regretted something you did / didn’t do.

Make sentences using reported speech. Then compare your sentences with your partner.

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