APPENDICEES

(CH,CH,OH)
Methanol (CH,OH) and Ethanol iodoform test.
of CHI) whereas methanol does not give
Ethanol gives iodoform test (yellow ppt.
CH,CH,OH + NaOI NaOH,l2 CH,CHO + Nal + H,O
Ethanol Acetaldehyde
HCOONa + 2NaOH
CH,CHO 3NaOI CHI
Acetaldehyde (Yellow ppt.)
CH,OH NaOI No reaction
Methanol
12 Ethanol (CH,CH,OH) and Benzyl alcohol (CH,CH,OH) iodoform test.
Same as 11. Ethanol gives iodoform test whereas benzyl alcohol does not give
BEthanol (CH,CH,OH) and Phenol (CH,OH)D a s 11).
)Ethanol gives iodoform test whereas phenol does notgive yellow ppt. ofiodoform (same
purple colour whereas ethanol
does not give any colour
(7) Phenol reactswith neutral FeCl, solution to give
with neutral FeCla Solution.
i ) Phenol gives coloured dye with iee cold solution of benzene diazonium echloride.
Ethanol does not give any dye.

14 Phenol C,H,OH) and Cyclohexanol (C,H,OH)D while cyclohexanol does not give (same
as 13).
Phenol
(u)
violet colouration with neutral FeCl,chloride
gives coloured dye with benzene diazonium
(0) Phenol gives whereas cyclohexanol does not (same as 13). |

(uu) Phenol readily decolourises bromine water giving a white ppt. of2, 4, 6-tribromophenol. But cyclohexanol
does not.

OH OH
Br- -Br
Brg ag4

Br
(White ppt)
CHOH
Brlaq) No reaction

[(CH),CHOH)]|
151-Propanol (CH,CH,CH,OH) and 2-Propanol
does not (same 11). as
2-Propanol gives iodoform test but 1-propanol
CH3
CH-CH-OH+ 4I, + 6NaOH CHI3 CH COONa + 5Nal + 5H,0
2-Propanol Iodoform

16 1-Butanol and 2-Butanol

2-Butanol contains CH3CHOH group and ppt. with NaOH, I,
gives yellow (lodoform (lodoform test). On the other
does not
with
give yellow ppt. NaOH, I, test).
hand, 1-butanol NaOH, I,
CH CH CH, CH, CHI
Yellow ppt.
OH

CH, CH, CH, CH, OH NaOH No yellow ppt.

2-propanol
171-Propanol
2-Methyl1-2-propanol and 2-methyl
reacts with Lucas reagent (anhyd ZnCl, + HCD
CHgiving turbidity immediately.

CH
Anhyd ZnCl2
CH-C-OH HCI CH-CCl
CH, CH3
Turbidity appears immediately.

tu appears duce turbidity

produce turbidity at rroom
oom
ta.
temperature with Lucas reagent,
does not
1-Propanol CH,CH,CH,OH
Anhyd. ZuCl No turbidity
HCI
at room temperature.
18 Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde gives yellow ppt of iodoform with an alkaline solution of iodine (iodoform)
CH CHO 4NaOH +31 CHI + HCOONa +3H,0+ 3Nal
Acetaldehyde Yellow ppt
Formaldehyde does not give this test.
19 Acetaldehyde (Propanal) and Acetone (Propanone)
)Acetaldehyde gives silver mirror with Tollen's reagent.
CH,COONH, + 2Ag + H,O + 3NH,
CH CHO +2Ag(NH,,10H Silver mirror
Acetaldehyde Tollen's reagent
Acetone does not give this test.
(7) Acetaldehyde gives red ppt with Fehling solution.
CH,CHO +2Cu(OH), + 2NaOH CHCOONa + Cu,0 +3H,O
Red ppt.
Fehling solution
20 Benzaldehyde and Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde gives yellow ppt withanalkaline solution of iodine (iodoform test) while benzaldehyde does not
gve ppt.
CH CHO + 4NaOH+3I2 CHI +HCOONa + 3H,0 +3Nal
Yellow ppt.
Benzaldehyde does not give ppt.
21 Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(i) Benzaldehyde forms silvermirrorwith ammoniacal silver nitrate solution (Tollen's reagent). Acetophenone
does not react.
CH CHO +2[Ag (NH,),JOH CHCOONH, + 2Ag + 3NH, + HO.
Benzaldehyde Tollen's reagent Silver mirror
(ii) Acetophenone forms yellow ppt ofiodoform with alkaline solution ofiodine (iodoform test). Benzaldehyde
does not react.
CH COCH +4NaOH +312 CHCOONa + CHI +3H,0 + 3Nal
Acetophenone Yellow ppt.
22 3-Pentanone and 2-Pentanone
(i) 2-Pentanone forms yellow ppt with alkaline solution of iodine (iodoform test), but 3-pentanone does not
give iodoform test.
CH,COCH,CH,CH, +3I,+ 4NaOH - CH,CH,CH,COONa + CHI +3H,O + 3Na.
ii) 2-Pentanone gives white ppt with sodium bisulphite while 3-pentanone does not give.
OH
CH,COCH,CH,CH, +NaHSO CH,CH,CH,C-SO,Na
2-Pentanone
CH
(White ppt.)
23 Acetophenone and Benzophenone
Acetophenone gives yellow ppt with alkaline solution of iodine (iodoform test). Benzophenone does not give
this test.

CH,COCH, I2, NaOH

CHI +CHCOONa
Acetophenone (Yellow ppt.)
24 Formic acid and Acetic acid
i) Formic acid gives silver mirror test with Tollen's reagent, whereas acetic acid does not give this test.
HCOOH+ 2Ag(NH,), OH 2Ag + 2H,0 + CO, + 4NH,
Formic acid Tollen's reagent Silver
mirror
(ii) Formic acid gives white ppt with mercuric chloride solution.
HCOOH +HgCl
Formic acid
HgCl, + CO, + 2HCI.
(White ppt.)
Acetic acid does not give this test.
oAcetic acid and Acetone
G)Acetic acid reacts with NaHCOg to give effervescence due to evolution of CO,.
CH COOH + NaHC0,- CH COONa +H,0 + CO,t
Acetic acid
Acetone does not give effervescence with NaHCO,.
Acetic
ii) Acetone reacts with alkaline solution of iodine to give yellow ppt due to iodoform (iodoform test).
not give test.
acid does
CHCOCH I2, NaOHH
CHI,+ CHCOONa
Acetone (Yellow ppt)
while acetic acid does not.
(iii)Acetone also gives orange coloured ppt with 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine
Phenol Benzoic acid
26 and evolution of CO.
(i) Benzoic acid reacts NaHCO, to give effervescence due to the
with
CH,COOH +NaHCO CH,COONa + H,O + CO,
Benzoic acid
Phenol does not give effervescence.
give such colour.
solution but benzoic acid does not
(ii) Phenol gives violet colour with FeCla
27 Phenol and Acetic acid
effervescence due to the evolution
of CO.
() Acetic acid reacts with NaHC0, to give
CHCOOH +NaHC0 CH,C0ONa +CO+ H,O
Phenol does not give effervescence:
No reaction
CgH,OH + NaHCO,
coloured ppt.
colour with FeCl, but acetic acid gives buff
i ) Phenol gives violet
3C H OH+ FeClg (CH,0), Fe + 3HCI
Violet
3HCl
3CH COOH + FeCl (CH,COO), Fe +
Buff ppt.

28 Ethanol and Acetic acid due to the liberation of CO0,.

Acetic acid gives effervescence with NaHCO,
() CHCOONa + H,O +CO,
CHCOOH + NaHCO,
Acetic acid

give effervescence
not
NaHCO with
acetic acid does not give this
Ethanol does test) while
with alkaline solution of I, (iodoform
Ethanol gives yellow ppt
ii)
test.
CH,CH,OH
l2 NaO CHIg +HCOONa
Ethanol (Yellow ppt.)

cyanideand Ethyl isocyanide

29 Ethyl acids gives propionic acid.
on hydrolysis with
)Ethyl cyanide H,H,O CH,CH,COOH
CH CH,CN Propionic acid
Ethyl cyanide
gives ethyl amine and formic acid.
isocyanide with dil HCl
he Other hand, ethyl
CH CH,NNC H,O, H CH,CH,NH, + HCOOH
Ethyl amine Formic acid
Ethyl isocyanide
Pt gives primary amine while
reduction with hydrogen in the presence of Ni or
(i) E.t h y l cevanide
yanide
on
es secondary amine.
ethylisocyanide gives secon
CH,CH,CN Ha Ni CH,CH,CH,NH
Ethyl cyanide 1 amine
H Ni CH,CH-NH-CH3
CH,CHNC
Ethyl cyanide 2 amine
 Nitroethane
31 Ethylamine and Anilinne
Azo dye test. Dissolve the compound in conc HCl and add ice-cold solution of HNO, NaNO, + dil HC) and
then treat it with an alkaline solution of2-naphthol. Appearance of brilliant orange or red dye indicates aniline

273 K
O-NH, + NaNO, + HCI O-NC +H,O
Diazonium chloride

QH OH

ON NC dil NaOH (O-N=N-

1-Phenylazo-2-naphthol
(Orange red dye)

Ethylamine does not form dye. It will give brisk effervescence due to the evolution of N, but solution remains
clear
32 Ethylamine and Diethylamine
(Carbylamine test. When heated with an alcoholic solution of KOH and CHCl3, ethylamine gives foul
Smell of ethyl isocyanide.

CHCHNH, + CHCl, + 3KOH CH,CH,NC +3KCl+3H,0

Ethylamine (alc.) Ethyl isocyanide
(Foul smell)
Diethylamine does not give the test.
CHC1,/KOH
(CH,CH,)NH Heat NoNo reaction
Diethylamine
(i) Hinsberg's test. When treated with Hinsberg's reagent [benzene sulphonyl chloride (CHSO,C)I,
ethylamine gives N-ethyl benzene sulphonamide which is soluble in aq. KOH solution.
CHSO,CI+CH,CH,NH,HCH,SO,NHCH,CH, O KOH CH,SO,NKCH,CH, + H,O
Benzene sulphonyl (Soluble in aq KOHD
chloride

Diethylamine gives N, N-diethyl benzene sulphonamide which is insoluble in aqueous KOH.

CHSO,C+ (CH,CH,NH CHSO-N(CH,CH)2 HC1

N, N-Diethyl benzene sulphonamide
(insoluble in aq KOH)