VISION IAS

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TEST BOOKLET

CSAT APTITUDE TEST (3726) – 2022

C
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200

Test-1
CSAT-2022
4. This Test Booklet contains 80 items (Questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel
that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider most appropriate. In any
case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.

5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See direction in the answers
sheet.

6. All items carry equal marks. Attempt all items. Your total marks will depend only on the number of correct
responses marked by you in the answer sheet. For every incorrect response one-third of the allotted Marks will
be deducted.

7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer sheet the response to various items in the Test booklet, you have to
fill in some particulars in the answer sheets as per the instruction sent to you with your Admission Certificate.

8. After you have completed filling in all responses on the answer sheet and the examination has concluded, you
should hand over to Invigilator only the answer sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test
Booklet.

9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

1
1. In Esplanade market there are two types of
vendors - Bhutias and Kashmiris. 70 percent of
the vendors are Bhutias, and 60% of the
Bhutias earn Rs. 50000 or more in a month.
Total number of vendors who earn Rs. 50000
or more per month in the Esplanade market is
48 percent of the total vendors. What
percentage of Kashmiris earn less than Rs.
50000?
(a) 18%
(b) 80%
(c) 20%
(d) 24%
2. An egg-vendor sold 70 percent of the eggs he
had one day, and threw away 20 percent of the
remainder that were rotten. Next day he
purchased the same number of eggs that he had
the previous day, and mixed it with the leftover
eggs of the previous day. Then he sold 50% of
the eggs, and threw away the rest. What percent
of his eggs does the vendor threw in two days
as compared to the total eggs he had ?
(a) 24%
(b) 68%
(c) 34%
(d) 16%
3. The combined monthly expenditure of Sanjeev
and Vishakha is Rs. 750. If the expenditure of
Sanjeev and Vishakha gets increased by 5%
and 10% respectively, then the new expenditure
of Sanjeev becomes Rs. 250 more than the new
expenditure of Vishakha. Vishakha‘s new
expenditure is approximately how much
percent of Sanjeev‘s old expenditure?
(a) 70%
(b) 85%
(c) 55%
(d) 45%
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4. In a school examination, Bapi scored 40%
marks and failed by 80 marks. In the same
examination, Modhumita scored 56% marks
and got 48 marks more than the passing marks.
What is the passing percentage of the
examination?
(a) 50%
(b) 45%
(c) 48%
(d) 52.5%
5. The price of diesel and petrol is Rs. 80 and Rs.
100 respectively. Every year price of petrol
increases by 50%, while that of diesel increases
by 25%. What would be the difference in their
prices after 2 years?
(a) Rs. 80
(b) Rs. 125
(c) Rs. 110
(d) Rs. 100
Directions for the following 4 (Four) items:
Read the following four passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
Historically, emerging technologies can be developed
with either beneficial or harmful intent. The potential
for technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 and synthetic
biology to benefit humanity far exceeds the risks their
misuse may pose. Both these technologies have also
been at the forefront of tackling the Covid-19
pandemic. Several vaccines that have either been
developed or are under development, including mRNA
vaccines have used both of these technologies in their
vaccine development process. However, information
asymmetry between the scientific community and the
general public, along with the role of media, often leads
to alarmism and impulsive policymaking. This is true as
well for emerging technologies.
©Vision IAS
6. Which one of the following is the most logical
and rational inference that can be made from
the above passage?
(a) Vaccines should be subjected to more
clinical trials before being introduced to the
common public.
(b) Scientists should be given more freedom to
promote research and innovation.
(c) Gene-editing technology has severe and
irreversible implications for biosafety.
(d) Sufficient regulations should be developed
for emerging technologies without curbing
scientific freedom.
Passage – 2
India‘s total electricity generation has grown at 5.85
percent per annum since 1990–91. As of 31 March
2021, Renewable Energy (RE) generation capacity
stood at 21 percent (94.4 GW) of the total generation
capacity. However, coal still accounts for 55 percent of
the installed generation capacity. The availability of
efficient peaking power capacity is limited, and the
availability of contracted generation capacity for
ancillary services and demand response is unstructured.
Gas-based capacity is limited by the availability of
affordable domestic gas at administered prices.
Moreover, stranded capacity in private projects based
on imported gas and LNG remains a problem.
7. With reference to the above passage, which of
the following could be the most rational and
practical implication for India?
(a) India‘s dependence on fossil fuels for
energy requirements will continue to be
high for at least till the next century.
(b) The government needs to adopt some
liberal and incentivizing reforms to
diversify its energy basket.
(c) The government should allocate more
financial resources to increase the
renewable energy options in India‘s energy
mix.
(d) Strong and secure grid connectivity is
essential to make the power sector in India
self-reliant.
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Passage – 3
For more than two decades, governments across the
world were happy to buy into the claim that the tech
companies will lead us to a world of innovation and
plenty. Legal and financial concessions from
governments at various levels allowed tech companies
to rapidly gain ground and commercial muscle and
dominate people‘s lives. But governments are now
questioning the sharp business practices of the tech
giants. While the tech giants have created a lot of new
wealth, some of them have sharply squeezed the labor.
The idea that the world‘s democracies must get together
to discuss global digital governance is gaining ground.
8. Which of the following is/are the most rational
inferences that can be made from the passage?
1. Tech giants are interfering with the digital
sovereignty of the world‘s democracies.
2. The governments will increase the digital
tax to regulate the tech giants.
3. There is a need to establish a new
equilibrium wherein the interests of both
tech companies and governments are
mutually accommodating.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Passage – 4
India has some well-tested ways to use wastewater. The
East Kolkata Wetlands, a notified Ramsar Site, is an
ideal example of a system of natural bio-treatment of
urban wastewater through ―Pond System and Plant-
Based Waste Management of Sewage Treatment‖.
Some 35,000 tonnes of municipal waste and 680
million liters of raw sewage enter the wetland system
every day. Still, only 30 percent of the total wastewater
is used for aquaculture or irrigation, while the
remaining 70 percent flows directly to the Bay of
Bengal, which pollutes the estuaries region and
subsequently reduces aquatic biodiversity and causes
large scale death of fish seeds.
©Vision IAS
9. Which one of the following statements best 12. If the cost price of 25 bananas is equal to the
reflects the critical message of the passage? selling price of 30 bananas, the what must be
(a) Wetlands should be protected under the profit or loss percentage?
Ramsar Convention to enhance their (a) 25%
productivity. (b) 13.33%
(b) India‘s river projects have failed to achieve (c) 16.66%
their objective of protecting rivers from (d) 20%
pollution.
(c) Fish farming in the coastal regions of India
13. India post payment bank is offering a scheme
is highly reduced due to untreated
wherein the amount at a certain rate of annual
wastewater.
compound interest becomes three times of itself
(d) Wetlands can be developed as an efficient
in 12 years. Under the same scheme, how long will
low-cost wastewater treatment plant.
an amount take to become twenty-seven times of
itself?
10. Gopal fills his 60 litre cistern with two types of
(a) 36
milk - Gopal Taaza and Gopal Gold, in the ratio
(b) 24
of 7:3. Cost price of Gopal Taaza milk is Rs.55
per litre. If he sells this mixture at a price of (c) 48

Rs.66 per litre at a profit of 10%, then find the (d) 32

per litre cost price of Gopal Gold milk.

(a) Rs. 70 14. Sandeep invested a certain amount in TATA
(b) Rs. 64.33 Steel, which offers compound interest
(c) Rs. 61.66 (compounded annually) at 5% p.a., and an
(d) Rs. 71.66 amount equal to 50% of that amount was
invested in TCS, which offers compound
11. Ankush invested Rs. 1100 each in two interest (compounded annually) at 10% p.a.
schemes, offering the same rate of interests. The duration of investment for both the
However, one scheme gives returns on the basis organisations was 2 years. If the difference
of compound interest and the other on the basis between the amounts received from TATA
of simple interest. After two years, the Steel and TCS is Rs. 6965, then what is the
difference between their interests is Rs. 11.
difference between sum invested in TATA
What must be the rate of interest?
Steel and TCS? (in rupees)
(a) 5%
(a) 7100
(b) 12%
(b) 7200
(c) 10%
(c) 6950
(d) 20%
(d) 7000

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15. Rajesh gave 50% of his savings of Rs 126,588
to CRY foundation. He invested the rest of the
amount at 10% compound interest per annum,
separately for his children Robin and
Modhumita in such a way that when they attain
the age of 18 years, they would receive the
same amount. Age of Robin is 13 years and that
of Modhumita is 11 years. The amount invested
for Modhumita must be:
(a) Rs. 28204
(b) Rs. 28640
(c) Rs. 26840
(d) Rs. 28460
16. Keshav invested Rs. 1000 in a scheme for
two years at an annual compound rate of r%.
What will be the interest obtained by Keshav
at the end of two years?
Statement I: The difference between r%
annual simple interest and r% annual
compound interest on a sum of Rs 1500 is Rs
50 after 2 years.
Statement II: The simple interest obtained
after 6 years on Rs 5000 is Rs 800, for r%
annual simple interest.
(a) Statement I alone is sufficient to answer
the question.
(b) Statement II alone is sufficient to answer
the question.
(c) Statement I alone or statement II alone is
sufficient to answer the question.
(d) Statement I and Statement II together are
not sufficient to answer the question.
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17. Find the principal sum.
Statement I: The difference between simple
interest and compound interest for two years at
a rate of 5% is Rs.760.
Statement II: The sum becomes double in 8
years at 5% simple interest.
Statement III: The final amount obtained on the
principal sum is Rs 5640 after 3 years at a rate
of 7% compounded annually.
Which of the above statements is/are required
to answer the question?
(a) II Only
(b) I, II and III together
(c) II and III together
(d) I Only or III Only
Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
Read the following three passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
India is the largest producer (25% of global
production), consumer (27% of world consumption),
and importer (14%) of pulses in the world. Per capita
net availability of pulses in India, however, has reduced
from 51.1 gm/day (1971) to 41.9 gm/day (2013) as
against WHO recommendation of 80gm/day. It is
estimated that pulses contain 20-25 percent of protein
by weight and have twice the protein available in wheat
and thrice that is present in rice. In addition to their
nutritional advantage, pulses have low carbon and water
footprints. As per estimates, water footprints for
producing one kilogram of meat are five times higher
than that of pulses. Further, one kilogram of legumes
emits 0.5 kilograms in CO2 equivalent whereas one
kilogram of meat produces 9.5 kilograms in CO2
equivalent.
©Vision IAS
18. Which one of the following is best implied in
the passage?
(a) Pulses are a cleaner and sustainable
alternative to meet the protein requirements
of a country.
(b) The Minimum Support Price (MSP) for
pulses is not remunerative in India.
(c) India should ban meat production in order
to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
(d) The Green Revolution has marginalized the
pulse production in the country.
Passage – 2
Big Data today dominates many fields, but scientists
think agriculture will also soon be driven by data
analytics and artificial intelligence (AI). From mobile
phones to satellites, data is being produced on farms
every day. Tillers are fit with sensors to analyze the soil
nutrient conditions of every inch of the farm. Drone
technology and data analytics are already being used to
recommend advanced water irrigation strategies and
diagnose diseases on the farm in real-time. With the
advancement of satellite and drone technology,
agriculture is entering the domain of big data. It may
also help the farmers in coping with the changing
weather conditions.
19. Which one of the following is the most logical
and rational conclusion that can be made from
the above passage?
(a) AI will completely mechanize the
agriculture sector in the near future.
(b) The use of big data and AI can help in
mitigating the effects of climate change on
crops.
(c) The use of technology is not suitable for
small and marginal farmers as it will
increase the cost of production.
(d) Drone technology will revolutionize the
agriculture sector by distributing High-
Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds even in the
far-flung areas of the country.
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Passage – 3
Every right comes with a corresponding duty.
Whenever the law recognizes that a person has a right,
it also means that another person is under a legal duty
to comply with that right. The Constitution of India
provides for fundamental rights guaranteed under Part
III, and thus the duty lies upon the state to protect those
rights. On the other hand, the Constitution categorically
provides for certain fundamental duties enshrined under
Part IV A, to be performed by its citizens. There is no
provision for enforcement of the Fundamental Duties,
nor there is any sanction for the violation of the duties
under the Constitution. The Constitution of India
neither intends nor prescribes sanctions.
20. Which one of the following is best implied in
the passage?
(a) The Constitution of India considers the
Fundamental Rights more important than
the Fundamental Duties.
(b) A person who does not comply with the
duties should not have the access to the
rights.
(c) The mandate of Part IV A of the
Constitution is voluntary and not
mandatory in nature.
(d) The Fundamental Duties should be made
binding on the citizens.
21. In year 2018, one kg sugar costs Rs. 35. If the
price of sugar increases at 10% per year, then in
2020 what amount must be spent to purchase
one kg of sugar?
(a) Rs. 45
(b) Rs. 42.35
(c) Rs. 40.75
(d) Rs. 38.50
©Vision IAS
22. The price of rice increases by 25%. By what 26. Prateeek took a loan of Rs. 100,000 at 10% p.a.
percent should a household reduce its compound interest from ICICI bank. The time
consumption of rice, so as to keep the
duration of the loan is three years. But, due to
expenditure on rice constant?
COVID-19, the bank announced that it would
(a) 20%
(b) 25% levy 12% per annum interest for the last one
(c) 10% year of the loan period. What is the extra
(d) 12%
amount that Prateek needs to pay due to this
announcement regarding the new rate of
23. A student needs to score 60% or more marks in
Maths to get promoted to the next class. So far interest?
Anuj has scored 76 marks out of a total of 150 (a) Rs. 2260
marks. The final test is worth 90 marks. What (b) Rs. 2380
is the minimum score that Anuj needs to get in
(c) Rs. 2420
the final test to get promoted?
(a) 72 (d) Rs. 2520

(b) 66
(c) 68 Directions for the following 2 (two) items:
(d) 70
Read the following two passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
24. The value of a machine depreciates to Rs.
3,43,000 after 3 years of its purchase. What should be based on the passages only.
was the rate of depreciation per year. if it is Passage – 1
known that the machine was purchased at Rs.
The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the tourism
5,12,000?
industry. For uncertain events such as these, the country
(a) 15%
(b) 12.5% must look to build and grow domestic travel as
(c) 11.5% international tourism will take some time to resume.
(d) 13% Lessons from the ongoing pandemic are loud and clear.
Social distancing, the importance of hygiene and
25. A student appeared in 5 papers. The maximum
marks are the same for each paper. His marks sanitation cannot be overlooked. Now, it is deeply

in these papers are in the proportion 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 ingrained in the human psyche at large. In these times,
: 8. Overall he scored 60%. In how many ecotourism assumes a depth and meaning which people
papers did he score less than 50% of the
were unaware of/oblivious to earlier, leading to a rise in
maximum marks?
preference for lesser-known destinations and excursion
(a) 1
(b) 2 sights near major destinations, which will likely be the
(c) 3 next big driver to reboot tourism.
(d) 4
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27. Which of the following is/ are the most rational
conclusions that can be made from the
passage?
1. Ecotourism may be preferred more than
conventional tourism in the post-Covid era.
2. The government should promote eco-
friendly hotels to boost the tourism sector.
3. Ecotourism should not be promoted as it
will lead to the degradation of the
ecosystem.
4. Ecotourism will generate employment
opportunities for local people.
Select the correct answer using the code given
29. During Durga Puja, TATA motors introduced
two different schemes for purchase of TATA
safari, whose selling price is Rs.20 lakhs.
Scheme 1: Down payment of 20% of its selling
price on the first day, and then Rs. 18 lakhs at
the end of three years.
Scheme 2: Full payment of the car on the first
day. It is then invested by TATA motors at 5%
p.a. compound interest for three years.
Which scheme is more profitable for TATA
motors ?
(a) Scheme 1

below. (b) Scheme 2

(a) 1 only (c) Both schemes are equally profitable
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) Cannot be determined.
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 3 and 4 only 30. Owing to some negligence, instead of
Passage – 2 multiplying a number by 6, a person divided
The biennial Global Report on Trafficking in Persons that number by 9. What is the percentage error
(2018) noted that 30 percent of all identified victims of in the obtained result, i.e. the error as a
trafficking in 142 surveyed countries were children. percentage of the correct value?
The Covid-19 pandemic has further worsened their
(a) 98.14%
overall vulnerability. School closures have not only
(b) 88.28%
limited their access to education but also deprived
(c) 80.8%
children of a secure source of shelter and food. The
(d) 96.66%
private sector and NGOs can play a key role in
addressing such vulnerabilities.
28. With reference to the above passage, the 31. In an office, there are four female employees

following assumptions have been made: Meenu, Sandhya, Shalini and Priya. Meenu's

1. Poor education and health facilities are weight is 120% of Sandhya's weight. Priya's
mainly responsible for child trafficking. weight is 80% of Shalini's weight. Shalini
2. Meals are normally provided in schools to weighs thrice as much as Sandhya. If Meenu's
meet the nutrition needs of the children. weight is a% of Priya's weight, then what is the
Which of the above assumptions are valid? value of ―a‖ ?
(a) 1 only (a) 45%
(b) 2 only (b) 50%
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 55%
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 52.5%
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32. Kamala secured 32 marks more than Madan in 36. A retailer is given 22% more amount of
an examination. Kamala‘s marks were 70 commodity by his wholesaler than he paid for.
percent of the sum of their marks. Find the sum He in turn gives 20% less while selling to his
of the marks obtained by Kamala and Madan.
customer. What is the profit percentage made
(a) 80
by retailer if he sells the commodity at cost
(b) 84
(c) 78 price?
(d) 72 (a) 53.8%
(b) 50.2%
33. In a class, 40% of students are from India and (c) 52.5%
50% of the students are girls. If 40% of the
(d) 51.5%
Indian students are girls, then what percentage
of foreign students are boys?
(a) 43.33% Directions for the following 5 (five) items:
(b) 40% Read the following five passages and answer the items
(c) 33.33% that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
(d) 20% should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
34. A boy plays with a ball, and he drops it from a
A digital twin is a virtual model of a process, product,
height of 2 m. Every time the ball hits the
ground, it bounces back to attain a height 80% or service. This pairing of the virtual and physical
of the previous height. What will be the height worlds allows analysis of data and monitoring of
that the ball will attain after hitting the ground systems to head off problems before they even occur,
for the third time? prevent downtime, develop new opportunities and even
(a) 88 cm
plan for the future by using simulations. While the
(b) 128 cm
concept of a digital twin has been around since 2002,
(c) 102.4 cm
(d) 82 cm it's only thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT) that it has
become cost-effective to implement.
35. A statement is given below followed by two 37. Which one of the following is the most logical
conclusions. and rational inference that can be made from
Statement: Cost of an article is ‗a‘ and selling the above passage?
price of the same article is ‗b‘. ‗z‘ is the profit
(a) A digital twin employs Augmented Reality
or loss percentage. If both the cost price and
(AR) technology in its functioning.
selling price are increased by the same amount,
then which of the following is/are correct? (b) A digital twin is imperative for the
I: z definitely increases successful implementation of IoT
II: z definitely decreases technology.
Select the correct answer using the code given (c) The integration of the digital world with the
below:
physical world will help in providing
(a) I only
innovative solutions.
(b) II only
(c) Both I and II (d) The digital twin technology is mainly
(d) Neither I nor II useful for tech companies.
9 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Passage – 2
Mental health problems were already a major
contributor to the burden of illness in India before the
pandemic, with a third of all female and a quarter of all
male suicide deaths in the world occurring in this
country. Of course, it is the poor, dispossessed, and
marginalized who bear the greatest burden of mental
health problems, but we have historically dismissed
their suffering as a natural extension of their social and
economic conditions. While there has been a
flourishing of initiatives to address the rising tide of
mental health problems, most notably through
telemedicine platforms, they rely heavily on mental
health specialist providers, who are very scarce in
number and often unaffordable.
38. What is the most logical conclusion derived
from the passage?
(a) The impoverished and marginal strata of
society suffer more from mental health
problems.
(b) The mental health issue is considered a
taboo in India and that's why it is highly
neglected.
(c) There‘s a need to increase the spending to
transform India‘s mental health care
system.
(d) Telemedicine is the most promising
solution for mental health issues in India.
Passage – 3
Given that Robotics is fast entering into the industrial
space in India, it is but natural that a lot of employment
and entrepreneurship opportunities are opening up for
people who wish to enter this growing and exciting
field. From what many entrepreneurs had to say, there
is no denying the fact that there are many challenges
that need to be overcome before India is seen as a go-to
destination for Robotics. One of the biggest challenges
that they face today is the procurement of the hardware
and other electronic components that are required to
build a robot. However, this can be seen as a golden
opportunity for budding entrepreneurs to set up
businesses that can supply ―Made In India‖ components
and hardware to the existing and upcoming companies
involved in Robotics. The future of Robotics in India
seems certainly bright and promising!
10 www.visionias.in
39. Which one of the following statements best
implies the crux of the passage?
(a) Robots will totally replace blue collar jobs
in the next decade.
(b) It is very difficult to adopt robotics in the
area of social development.
(c) Despite the numerous challenges, the future
of robotics certainly seems bright and
promising.
(d) As India is suffering from the problem of
jobless growth, robots should not be used
in industries.
Passage – 4
Along with protected areas and reserves, forests within
human-modified landscapes play an important role in
the conservation of existing flora and fauna. A recent
study has noted that bats preferred forest patches for
foraging more often than agricultural habitats,
highlighting that remnant forest fragments in human-
modified landscapes are key to bat conservation. To
understand why this love towards forests, the
researchers started studying the bat‘s meal - insects.
They quantified the insect resources available in forests
and plantations using nets, light traps and sometimes
physically catching insects. The researchers noted that
the abundance of one of the bat‘s favorite prey - a bush
cricket belonging to the genus Mecopoda - was higher
in forest habitats than in plantations. This suggests that
insect prey abundance in forests may be driving the
bat‘s habitat selection.
40. What is the most logical conclusion that can be
drawn from the above passage?
(a) Human-modified landscapes play a crucial
role in the conservation of existing flora
and fauna.
(b) The insect prey abundance in forests will
definitely drive the bat‘s habitat selection.
(c) Tropical forests are quite suitable for bat
conservation.
(d) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
plays an important role in bat conservation.
©Vision IAS
 Passage – 5 42. Two statements are given below followed by a
Year 2020 began with the once-in-a-century pandemic, question. Study the statements and decide
which saw the frontline health workers working which of the statement(s) is/are necessary to

tirelessly to save human lives from COVID-19. While answer the question.

the pandemic caused its ripples on the economy and on
the social sector, Indian Governments at the Centre and
States intervened in a timely manner to respond to the
pandemic. Public spending on the social sector was
increased in 2020-21 to mitigate the hardships caused
by the pandemic and the loss to livelihood due to the
lockdown. During the lockdown, online schooling took
off in a big way and the Government introduced several
measures to make online education accessible to all
children. Similarly, the lockdown period also saw the
growth of the gig economy and increasing work from
home in the organized sector. As per the PLFS report
2018-19, there was an increase in workforce totalling
48.78 crore during 2018-19 as compared to 47.14 crore
during 2017- 18. The size of the workforce increased by
about 1.64 crore, of which 1.22 crore were in the rural
Statement 1: 5% discount is given on list price.
Statement 2: The cost price of the article is Rs.
5000.
Question:
On selling an article, what will be the profit
percent gained?
(a) Question can be answered using Statement
1 alone.
(b) Question can be answered using Statement
2 alone.
(c) Question can be answered using Statement
1 and Statement 2 together.
(d) Question cannot be answered using both
the statements.
Direction for following 2 (two) items:
―MOTHER DAIRY‖ and ―AMUL‖ are two different

sector and 0.42 crore in the urban sector. dairy companies and they offer fixed annual rate of

41. What is the most logical conclusion that can be interest on the amounts invested with them by the
investors. The annual rate of interests offered by the
made from the above passage?
two companies over seven years have been shown in
(a) Gig economy which saw sudden growth
the following line graph.
due to the lockdown period will surely be
the dominating part of the economy in the
near future.
(b) Government should implement One Nation
One Ration Card scheme as soon as
possible on a pan India basis.
(c) There is much increase in the female
workforce as compared to males.
(d) The COVID-19 has had ramifications on
the Indian economy as well as its society.

11 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

43. Warren Buffet invested 5 million USD in 46. The difference between the compound interest
―AMUL‖ in 3rd year. After one year (i.e. in 4th and simple interest on a certain investment at

year), the entire amount along with the interest 19% per year for 2 years is Rs. 76. Find the

was transferred as investment to ―MOTHER value of the investment.

(a) Rs. 2105.26
DAIRY‖ for one year. What amount will be
(b) Rs. 2225.80
received from ―MOTHER DAIRY‖, by Warren
(c) Rs. 2015.60
Buffet?
(d) Rs. 2000.50
(a) 5.19 million USD
(b) 5.56 million USD
47. On a sum of money, the simple interest (rate of
(c) 4.98 million USD interest a%) for 2 years is the same as
(d) 5.04 million USD compound interest (rate of interest A%) for 2
years. What is the relation between these rates
44. A sum of Rs.7 million USD was invested in of interest?
―AMUL‖ in 5th year for one year. How much (a) A + 100 = √(10000 + 200a)

more interest would have been earned if the (b) A – 100 = √(10000 – 200a)

sum was invested in ―MOTHER DAIRY‖ (c) a + 100 = √(10000 – 200A)

(d) Can‘t be determined
instead?
(a) 1.21 million USD
48. Owner of a bowling alley, where Ram used to
(b) 0.18 million USD
play, increases the per hour charges by 25%.
(c) 0.32 million USD
What will be the minimum percentage decrease
(d) 0.21 million USD in time period spent by Ram in bowling alley, if
he cannot increase his expenditure by more
45. A total sum of Rs 2400 was invested in two than 10%?
schemes A and B. Scheme A offers a simple (a) 12%
interest of 9% per annum, and Scheme B offers (b) 88%
a compound interest of 6% percent per annum. (c) 76%

If the total amount of interest obtained from the (d) 58%

two schemes at the end of two years is Rs 400,

49. When 10% of the a number is added to its
then find the difference between the amounts
square, it increases to 1010% of itself. What is
invested in schemes A and B.
the actual number?
(a) Rs. 850
(a) 10
(b) Rs. 1400
(b) 15
(c) Rs. 900 (c) 40
(d) Rs. 1260 (d) 20
12 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
Directions for the following 4 (four) items:
Read the following four passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
Any new framework for Non-Personal Data (NPD)
must consider that data is not just an economic resource
to be commodified, neither is it an instrument of
sovereign leverage for the state against private players.
It is intrinsically tied to people — individuals and
communities — and needs to be protected and used in
pursuit of empowerment and public well-being. There
is a need to create top down systems to incentivise
private technology companies to share data for public
use, and bottom up systems to involve people in
decisions with regard to their data and hold
governments and businesses accountable. Only through
these complementary processes can we build a robust
ecosystem system for sharing NPD.
50. Which one of the following is the most logical
and rational inference that can be made from
the above passage?
(a) Non-Personal Data (NPD) has always been
a public good like fresh air, rule of law,
national defence etc.
(b) Both top-down and bottom-up approaches
are useful in contemporary data based
decision making.
(c) Non-Personal Data (NPD) has paved the
way for ensuring greater accountability in
both public and private organisations.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
13 www.visionias.in
Passage – 2
India‘s national security landscape, if not irretrievably
perilous, is stressed and susceptible to conflict with its
neighbouring rivals. The military procurement models
New Delhi has pursued are less than optimal, reflecting
the difficulties faced by the Indian state in indigenising
capabilities, building core capacities within the defence
bureaucracy, and exploring integrative solutions to deal
with the challenges facing higher defence management.
In the absence of a productive defence-industrial base,
New Delhi will have no choice but to forge strategic
partnerships, in order to redress the gap in its
conventional capabilities vis-à-vis its immediate
adversaries.
51. Which one of the following statements best
implies the crux of the passage?
(a) India has no choice but to augment
indigenous capabilities in military
procurement models.
(b) Indigenising defence capabilities is
imperative for India to optimally address
the national security threat.
(c) Forging strategic partnerships should not be
a forced choice to promote national
security in the modern era.
(d) India‘s defence-industrial base has not
performed in optimal fashion resulting in
poor indigenous defence capability of
India.
Passage – 3
In order to develop, urban biodiversity will require
special attention from decision makers. Ecologists see
the emergence of two urban planning models – land
sparing and land sharing. The first model involves
creating a solid boundary between densely populated
residential areas and vast natural spaces. Attacks on
humans have also been known to occur, but protective
measures, like limiting the number of large felines, now
allow for cautious cohabitation. Land sharing, on the
other hand, involves diluting nature within the urban
environment by introducing a succession of grassy
passages, small gardens and neighbourhood green
spaces.
©Vision IAS
52. Which one of the following is the most logical
and rational inference that can be made from
the above passage?
(a) Urban biodiversity as a concept has not
received adequate attention from the
decision makers.
(b) Urban planning models are increasingly
embracing ecological perspectives.
(c) Both land sparing and land sharing as urban
planning models need active government
intervention.
(d) Without active citizen engagement in
developing urban planning models
cohabitation is not possible.
Passage – 4
Technology may be viewed and felt like a wave hitting
us whether we want it or not. However, many novel and
smart devices have been introduced that, through lack
of adoption, has resulted in rapid removal from the
market. Thus, through what we buy and apply, we have
a large impact on what technology will be adopted and
sustained in our society. At the same time, we have
limited control over unintentional changes to our
behaviour by the way we adopt and use technology,
e.g., smartphones and the Internet have in many ways
changed the way we live our lives and interact with
others. Smartphones have also resulted in us being
more physically close to technology than any other
living being.
53. What is the most logical and crucial message
conveyed by the passage?
(a) The success of technology in the modern
era depends heavily upon its adoptability
and consumption patterns of society.
(b) Technology has paved the way for
undesired and uncontrollable behavioural
changes in human societies.
(c) Due to the ever-evolving nature of
technology, societal behaviour has become
beyond the control of human beings.
(d) Technology has dominated societal
interaction patterns in a plethora of ways.
14 www.visionias.in
54. A company manufactures spare parts for an
automobile company. On an average 10% of
the spare parts produced are rejected in quality
check. The spare parts company promises to
deliver 6300 units to the automobile company
at Rs. 100 each. Spare parts company estimates
that they will make an overall profit of 15%.
What is the approximate manufacturing cost of
each unit?
(a) Rs. 79
(b) Rs. 78
(c) Rs. 81
(d) Rs. 82
55. After giving a discount of b% on marked price,
a trader still gains a% profit. By what
percentage is the marked price greater than the
cost price?
(a) {(a + b) / (b – a)} × 100
(b) {(a + b) / (100 – a)} × 100
(c) {(a + b) / (100 – b)} × 100
(d) Can‘t be determined
56. If selling price of a cold drink is doubled, the
profit earned by the company triples. What
must be the original profit percent?
(a) 125%
(b) 50%
(c) 100%
(d) 25%
Directions for the following 2 (two) items:
The graph depicts the consumption trend of Milk and
Rice in India. It also shows the growth trend of male
and female population (in millions) in the country.
Decipher the data carefully and answer the questions
that follow carefully.
©Vision IAS
57. In which year was the per capita production of
milk the least?
(a) 1st year
(b) 3rd year
(c) 5th year
(d) 6th year
58. One gallon of milk contains 145 g of a
particular nutrient and one ton of rice contains
87 g of the same nutrient. In which year was
the availability of this nutrient the maximum?
(a) 2nd year
(b) 3rd year
(c) 4th year
(d) 5th year
59. Population of a certain city increases at a rate
of 3% p.a. due to the influx of job seekers. At
the same time, 1% of population migrates from
the city for opportunities elsewhere. Find the
percentage increase in population after 2 years?
(a) 4.64%
(b) 4.90%
(c) 4.04%
(d) 4.40%
Directions for the following 4 (four) items:
Read the following three passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
Information is a public good and needs public support.
Governments have a responsibility to nurture free and
independent media and public access to information in
keeping with international human rights standards. This
includes reducing legal and other obstacles to impartial
news media and protecting citizens from false and
malicious information. But maintaining healthy
information ecosystems is a shared responsibility, not
only of public institutions. The media itself, private
sector, including internet platforms, civil society, and
international development actors have a role to play,
too.
15 www.visionias.in
60. What is the most logical and crucial message
conveyed by the passage?
(a) Developing healthy information systems
should be treated as a collective obligation
of all stakeholders.
(b) Without public participation, healthy
information systems cannot nurture.
(c) The government has to play a key role in
balancing the interests of media and
citizenry in developing information as a
public good.
(d) None of these
Passage – 2
In past centuries, colonialism perpetrated great crimes
that affected millions; the lasting impact of that legacy
is carried by those still living and will be shouldered by
those who are yet to be born. The nations that built
empires across the world — and in doing so, fuelled
today's conservation emergencies — will be cushioned
against the worst of the fallout as ecosystems collapse
worldwide. And yet, the most ethical action would be to
voluntarily relinquish the wealth and resources that
protect them, extending that protection to everyone. We
who benefit from colonialism‘s violent past must
acknowledge our role in causing the crises that face
humanity, and seek to recompense those who have been
wronged.
61. Which one of the following is best implied in
the passage?
(a) The negative externalities of colonialism
have proved to be inter-generational in the
poor third world countries.
(b) Past colonial powers should assume special
responsibility to address the historical
injustices afflicted by colonialism.
(c) Colonialism is the main reason for today‘s
conservation emergencies affecting
millions of people worldwide.
(d) International consensus should put pressure
on the advanced countries to provide funds
to the developing countries so that
historical injustices can be addressed in an
equitable way.
©Vision IAS
 Passage – 3
We must develop a comprehensive and globally shared
view of how technology is affecting our lives and
reshaping our economic, social, cultural, and human
environments. There has never been a time of greater
promise, or one of greater potential peril. Today‘s
decision-makers, however, are too often trapped in
traditional, linear thinking, or too absorbed by the
multiple crises demanding their attention, to think
strategically about the forces of disruption and
innovation shaping our future. In the end, it all comes
down to people and values. We need to shape a future
that works for all of us by putting people first and
empowering them. In its most pessimistic, dehumanized
form, the Fourth Industrial Revolution may indeed have
the potential to ―robotize‖ humanity and thus to deprive
us of our heart and soul. But as a complement to the
best parts of human nature—creativity, empathy,
stewardship—it can also lift humanity into a new
collective and moral consciousness based on a shared
sense of destiny. It is incumbent on us all to make sure
the latter prevails.
62. Which one of the following is the most logical
and rational inference that can be made from
the above passage?
(a) Fourth Industrial Revolution, like many
other technological innovations, comes
with its own share of controversies.
(b) Global consensus building is imperative for
making the Fourth Industrialisation
Revolution more sustainable.
(c) Decision makers have not given adequate
attention to the concerns associated with
the Fourth Industrialisation Revolution.
(d) Empowering people equitably should be
the ultimate goal of our technological
innovations.
16 www.visionias.in
63. With reference to the above passage, the
following assumptions have been made:
1. Modern states should actively intervene to
channel the technological potential in
desired direction.
2. Fourth Industrial Revolution is intrinsically
a consumerist conceptualisation.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) None
64. CM infratech buys a heavy machinery at Rs.
500000. Value of that heavy machinery
depreciates by 25% in the first year, by 20% in
the second year, and by 15% in the third year
and so on. What will be the price of that
machine at the end of the third year?
(a) Rs. 225000
(b) Rs. 300000
(c) Rs. 255000
(d) Rs. 200000
65. Broadcast of a cricket match starts at 8:00 a.m.
and ends at 12:00 midnight. During the entire
duration of broadcast, broadcasters use 76
advertisements of 10 seconds each and 23
advertisements of 40 seconds each as fillers.
What is the percentage of time devoted to
advertisements?
(a) 2.91%
(b) 3%
(c) 3.10%
(d) 6%
©Vision IAS
66. Ram places an order for p number of sweets
from a sweet shop that produces q number of
sweets every day. r% of the total number of
sweets produced in a day fail quality check and
are discarded. What will be the number of days
in which the order will be completed?
(a) p / 100q (1 - r)
(b) 100 qr / p
(c) 100p / (100 – r)q
(d) 100r / q (100 – p)
67. Consider the following statement.
Statement: A = x% of y and B = y% of x
Conclusion-I : A is greater than B
Conclusion-II : B is greater than A
Which of the above conclusions is/are true?
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) Both I and II
(d) Neither I nor II
68. Ram purchased a hotel worth Rs. 125 lakhs and
Vijay purchased a heavy machine worth Rs.
128 lakhs. Value of hotel increases by 20%
every year and the value of heavy machinery
depreciates by 25% every year. What will be
the difference between price of hotel and
machine after 3 years?
(a) Rs. 162 lakhs
(b) Rs. 172 lakhs
(c) Rs. 182 lakhs
(d) Rs. 152 lakhs
Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
Read the following two passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
17 www.visionias.in
Passage – 1
Governments must adopt a smart mix of mandatory and
voluntary measures to demand human rights
compliance from corporations. Of late we have seen
some successes. Germany and Norway recently
introduced laws obliging their largest companies to
conduct Human Rights Due Diligence. Both countries
based the corporate due diligence obligations defined in
their respective laws on the UN Guiding Principles on
Business and Human Rights. However, we have learned
that imposing a law does not necessarily come with a
guarantee of compliance. Corruption is criminalized in
most countries, yet dishonest or fraudulent conduct is
still pervasive. A shift in mind-set needs to take place
within the business sector. Respect for human rights
must be accepted as the way of doing business.
69. Which one of the following is the most logical
and rational inference that can be made from
the above passage?
(a) Business and Human Rights are not
mutually incompatible.
(b) Bureau pathologies have hindered the
progress of human rights in the corporate
sector.
(c) The corporate mind-set has not been
conducive for human rights compliance.
(d) Addressing bureau pathologies such as
corruption is sine qua non for successful
human rights compliance from
corporations.
©Vision IAS
 Passage – 2 71.
If the Indian armed services, the tri-service Defence
Cyber Agency (DCA) and the Indian government were
to base India‘s cyber doctrine and cyber military
strategy on notions like ―cult of the defensive‖, they
would be well advised and cautioned against a purely
defensive cyber strategy. Defensive cyber and network
security should be strengthened. However, no national
government in India can and should completely divest
the country of offensive cyber instruments despite the
72.
risks. New Delhi can and should use them and be in a
position to degrade the capacities of India‘ adversaries
and respond to malicious conduct. India‘s civilian
leaders as well as military leaders need to remember
that there are no binary outcomes in the cyber domain
as is the case with nuclear weapons. India‘s adversaries
see the cyber domain as offence dominant.
Consequently, India cannot divest itself from offensive 73.
cyber instruments.
70. What is the most logical inference from the
above passage?
(a) India needs to strike a balance between
defensive and offensive cyber security
strategies to optimally address the cyber
security threats.
(b) Nuclear doctrine and cyber security are
different conceptualisations with varied
implications.
(c) Defensive cyber security approach is no
longer suitable in modern cyber warfare.
(d) Cyber policies have become increasingly
reciprocal in modern warfare globally.
18 www.visionias.in
Which one of the following is best implied in
the passage?
(a) Offensive cyber approach has risks
attached similar to defensive cyber
doctrine.
(b) India has lagged behind in cyber security
with respect to its adversaries.
(c) India should take some calculated risks to
boost its cyber security approach.
(d) Offensive cyber security has become
inevitable in modern warfare universally.
The difference between cost price and selling
price of an article is Rs. 215. If it is sold at a
profit of 25%, then what must be the selling
price of that article?
(a) Rs. 1075
(b) Rs. 1020
(c) Rs. 1035
(d) Rs. 1045
Kishanlal divided his property between his wife
and three sons. He gave fifty per cent of the
property to his wife and divided the rest equally
among his three sons: Amar, Akbar and
Anthony. Some years later, Amar dies leaving
half of his property to his widow and the other
half to his brothers Akbar and Anthony
together, sharing equally. When Akbar dies,
half of his property is given to his widow as per
his will and the rest to his younger brother
Anthony. When Anthony dies some years later,
he leaves half of his property for his widow and
the remaining for his mother. If the mother now
has Rs. 78,75,00, then what was the worth of
the total property?
(a) Rs. 1050000
(b) Rs. 1200000
(c) Rs. 1250000
(d) Rs. 1175000
©Vision IAS
74. Ladli goes to market to purchase stationery for 78. Cost price of two articles is same. One is sold
her school. If she purchased two pens, three at a profit of 10% and the other for Rs. 5000
erasers and four copies it would have costed her
more than the first. If the net profit is 20%, then
Rs. 75. On the other hand, three pens, two
erasers and one copy would have costed Rs. 50. what was the cost price of each article?
If she bought two pens, two erasers and two (a) Rs. 25000
copies, what amount did she pay? (b) Rs. 16000
(a) Rs. 40
(c) Rs. 48000
(b) Rs. 50
(c) Rs. 65 (d) Rs. 11000
(d) Cannot be determined
79. Two statements are given below followed by a
75. On selling one kg rice at 9% loss and one kg
question. Study the statements and find out
wheat at 13% gain, Naval gains Rs. 9. If he
sells one kg rice at 9% gain and one kg wheat which of them is/are necessary to answer the
at 7% gain, he gains Rs. 16. Which of the question.
following is true? Statement I: Selling price of an article is Rs. 55
(a) 20% of the price of Rice < 4% of the price
Statement II: Number of articles sold is 16
of Wheat
(b) 20% of the price of Rice > 4% of the price Question: If the shopkeeper sells these articles
of Wheat at a profit of 25%, then what must be the exact
(c) 20% of the price of Rice = 4% of the price amount of profit earned?
of Wheat
(a) Only Statement I is necessary
(d) Cannot be determined
(b) Only Statement II is necessary
76. Some items were bought at 8 items for Rs. 5 (c) Either Statement I or Statement II is
and sold at 5 items for Rs. 8. What is the profit necessary
percentage?
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are
(a) 108%
(b) 56% necessary
(c) 156%
(d) 68% 80. Ram and Vijay are dealers of sporting cycles.
Price of a sporting cycle is Rs. 25000. Ram
77. A fraction is first squared and then its
numerator is increased by 25%, and gives a discount of 10% on the sporting cycle.
denominator reduced to 80%. It results in 5/8th While Vijay gives two successive discounts of
of the original number. What is the product of 12% and 8% on it. What is the difference
the numerator and denominator of the original
fraction? between their selling prices?
(a) 10 (a) Rs. 2260
(b) 16 (b) Rs. 1260
(c) 18 (c) Rs. 1760
(d) 22
(d) Rs. 1805

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in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior
permission of Vision IAS.
19 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 VISIONIAS
www.visionias.in

ANSWERS & EXPLANATION

APTITUDE TEST–Test (3726) – 2022

1. (b)
Let total numbers of vendors in Esplanade market be 100.
Then, Bhutias = 70
And 30% of total vendors are Kashmiri, i.e. 30.
So, number of Bhutias who earn Rs. 50000 or more in a month = 60% of 70 = 42
Now, we know that there are a total of 48 vendors who earn Rs. 50000 or more in a month.
So, number of Kashmiris who earn Rs. 50000 or more in a month = 48 - 42 = 6
Percentage of Kashmiris who earn less than Rs. 50000 = (24/30) x 100 = 80%.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

2. (c)
Let the initial total number of eggs be 100.
As he sold 70 percent of the eggs he had, he must have been left with 30 eggs.
Number of eggs he threw the first day = 30 × (20/100) = 6 eggs
Total eggs left for second day = 30 - 6 = 24 eggs
Next day he would have purchased 100 eggs again.
So, total number of eggs on second day = 24 + 100 = 124 eggs
Now, he sold 50% of the eggs, and threw away the rest, i.e. 62 eggs.
So, Total eggs he threw in two days = 6 + 62 = 68
Hence, the percentage of eggs thrown by the vendor in two days = (68/200) x 100 = 34%
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

3.(c)
Combined monthly expenditure of Sanjeev and Vishakha = Rs. 750
Let Sanjeev's monthly expenditure be x, and so Vishakha's monthly expenditure = 750 – x
Sanjeev's new expenditure = x × (105/100)
Vishakha's new expenditure = (750 - x) × 110/100
Now, New expenditure of Sanjeev = New expenditure of Vishakha + 250
or x × (105/100) = (750 - x) × (110/100) + 250
or x × (110/100) + x × (105/100) = 825 + 250
or x × (215/100) = 1075
or x = 500
So, Sanjeev's expenditure, x = Rs. 500
And Vishakha's expenditure = 750 - x = Rs. 250
Vishakha’s new expenditure = (750 - x) × 110/100 = 250 × 110/100 = Rs. 275
Required percent = (275/500) × 100 = 55%

1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

4. (a)
Let total marks be x.
Bapi scored 40% marks and failed by 80 marks.
So, Passing marks of the examination = 40% of total marks + 80 = 40% of x + 80
Modhumita scored 56% marks and got 48 marks more than the passing marks.
So, Passing marks of the examination = 56% of total marks – 48 = 56% of x – 48
As the passing marks must be equal.
So, 40% of x + 80 = 56% of x – 48
or 80 + 48 = (56 - 40)% of x
or 128 = 16% of x
or x = 128 × (100/16) = 800
∴ Passing marks = 40% of x + 80 = 800 × (40/100) + 80 = 400
∴ Passing percentage = (400/800) × 100 = 50%
Hence, option (a) is the right answer.

5. (d)
Method I:
We are given that the rate of increase of the price of diesel is 25%.
Hence, price of diesel after 1 year = 80 + 25% of 80 = 80 + (25/100) × 80 = 80 + 20 = Rs. 100
And, price of diesel after 2 years = 100 + 25% of 100 = 100 + (25/100) × 100 = 100 + 25 = Rs. 125
Also, we are given that the price of petrol is Rs. 100, and rate of increase of the price of petrol is 50%.
Hence, price of petrol after 1 year = Rs 100 + 50% of 100 = 100 + (50/100) × 100 = 100 + 50 = Rs. 150
And, price of petrol after 2 years = Rs 150 + 50% of 150 = 150 + (50/100) × 150 = 150 + 75 = Rs. 225
∴ Difference in their prices after 2 years = 225 – 125 = Rs. 100
Method II:
Diesel's price after 2 years = 80 × 125% × 125% = Rs. 125
Petrol's price after 2 years = 100 × 150% × 150% = Rs. 225
∴ Difference in their prices after 2 years = 225 – 125 = Rs. 100
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

6. (d)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage talks about technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 and synthetic biology. It
does not discuss anything about the trials being undertaken for them. The author only talks about
information asymmetry between the scientific community and the general public. So, this cannot be the
right option.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage discusses the challenges associated with the emerging technologies,
which can prove to be harmful if not regulated properly. There is no indication towards any restriction on
scientists in terms in their research and innovation work. So, this cannot be implied from the given
passage.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage does not discuss the challenges associated with gene-editing
technology. The line “The potential for technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 and synthetic biology to
benefit humanity far exceeds the risks their misuse may pose” just mentions that these technologies have
risks associated with them in case of misuse. But it does not explain the risks in detail, so it is not logical
to infer the severity of the risks.
Option (d) is correct. The theme of the passage aligns with the idea of seeking a balance between
regulations and freedom for various scientific inventions. The line, “…emerging technologies can be
developed with either beneficial or harmful intent” highlights the potential of technology that can be used
both favorably and adversely. Thus, it needs to be regulated. The lines “However, information asymmetry
between the scientific community and the general public, along with the role of media, often leads to

2 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

 alarmism and impulsive policymaking.” also warn against any such regulation that curbs the freedom of
the scientific community.
Hence, option (d) is the most appropriate answer.

7.(b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage just mentions that the dependence on coal is higher for energy
requirements in India in the line “…coal still accounts for 55 percent of the installed generation
capacity”. However, it does not present any data or statistics which imply that the dependence will
continue in the future also, or for how long. So, this cannot be the right answer option.
Option (b) is correct. The passage tries to present a scenario of the power sector of India which is highly
dependent on coal. It discusses the generation capacity from unconventional and clean sources and issues
these sectors face. E.g. pricing issues for gas-based power generation as highlighted by the line “Gas-
based capacity is limited by the availability of affordable domestic gas at administered prices”. So, to
promote power generation and increase the portion of renewable options in the energy mix, reforms
concerning regulation, marketing, capacity building, etc. are needed.
Option (c) is incorrect. This option might seem to be correct as it deals with the financial issues being
faced by the unconventional sources of energy. But since it is focusing only on renewable sources while
the theme of the passage aligns with the diversification of energy basket including gas-based energy, and
not just the promotion of renewable energy, it cannot be implied as the crucial message. Moreover, there
is no hint towards financial resources aspects of Indian energy basket in the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage neither talks about making the power sector self-reliant nor mentions
grid connectivity and issues related to it. So, this answer option is beyond the scope of the passage.

8.(b)
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions the objection of the governments to the business practices
of the tech companies in the line “But governments are now questioning the sharp business practices of
the tech giants”. However, it does not mention specific areas of concern. Whether or not the tech giants
are interfering with the digital sovereignty of the governments is completely beyond the scope of this
passage.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage highlights that there are points of conflict between governments and
tech companies. But neither does it specify the issues nor discusses any solutions. And nowhere does the
passage mention increment of digital tax as the future action of the governments. So, this statement is not
a valid inference.
Statement 3 is correct. The line, “The idea that the world’s democracies must get together to discuss
global digital governance is gaining ground” highlights that the governments should undertake reforms
related to digital governance. And the line, “While the tech giants have created a lot of new wealth, some
of them have sharply squeezed the labor” highlights the problem created by the tech giants. This might
lead to a stalemate. Hence, both tech companies and the governments should take initiatives to establish a
new equilibrium.

9.(d)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage just gives an example of a Ramsar Site for natural bio-treatment of
urban wastewater. This answer option assumes that wetlands are not protected under Ramsar Convention,
which is completely beyond the scope of this passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage explains the potential of wetlands to be used as a wastewater
treatment system. It does not discuss the river projects of India and their success or failure. It just
highlights the condition of polluted oceans and the consequences of pollution. So, this cannot be the
critical message.
Option (c) is incorrect. This option is close but cannot be considered as the critical message. The line
“…only 30 percent of the total wastewater is used for aquaculture or irrigation, while the remaining 70
3 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 percent flows directly to the Bay of Bengal, which pollutes the estuaries region and subsequently reduces
aquatic biodiversity and causes large scale death of fish seeds'' highlights the adverse impact of
wastewater on fishes. It is logical to infer that it might reduce fish farming. However, the core theme of
this passage is waste water treatment, not the output of fish farming. Hence, this is not the best option to
convey the critical message of the passage.
Option (d) is correct. The author tries to present a perspective where wetlands can be used to treat
wastewater. The lines “India has some well-tested ways to use wastewater. The East Kolkata Wetlands, a
notified Ramsar Site, is an ideal example of a system of natural bio-treatment of urban wastewater
through “Pond System and Plant-Based Waste Management of Sewage Treatment” highlight the potential
of wetlands to treat wastewater naturally. However, it also mentions the inefficiency of wetlands in “Still,
only 30 percent of the total wastewater is used for aquaculture or irrigation, while the remaining 70
percent flows directly to the Bay of Bengal.” which leaves scope to further leverage the potential of
wetlands for wastewater treatment.

10. (d)
Volume of cistern is 60 litre.
Ratio of Gopal Taaza and Gopal Gold is 7:3
So, quantity of Gopal Taaza in the cistern = {60/(7 + 3)} x 7 = 42 litre
And quantity of Gopal Gold in the cistern = 60 – 42 = 18 litre
He sells this mixture at a price of Rs. 66 per litre at a profit of 10%.
So, cost price of 1 litre mixture of Gopal Taaza and Gopal Gold = Rs. 60

)
Cost price of 60 litre mixture = 60 x 60 = Rs. 3600

om
l.c
Cost price of 1 litre Gopal Taaza milk = Rs.55

ai
gm
Cost price of 42 litre Gopal Taaza milk = Rs.55 x 42 = Rs. 2310
Rest of the amount received by selling Gopal Gold milk = 3600 – 2310 = 1290 @
ha
in

So, cost of 1 litre of Gopal Gold milk = 1290/18 = Rs. 71.66

ns

Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

ya
ar
ct
rfe

11. (c)
pe
a(

Let the rate of interest be r%

nh

After the first year the amount in the two schemes must be equal, i.e. the interest earned must be the same.
Si
an

It will be r% of 1100
ry
rA

But in the second year:

fo

* Interest earned in the SI scheme = Rs. r% of 1100

ed
is

* Interest earned in the CI scheme = Rs. r% of 1100 + 11

al
on

We know that, the interest earned in the CI scheme in the second year = (1 + r%) Interest earned in the SI
rs

scheme in the second year

pe
s

or r% of 1100 + 11 = (1 + r%) [r% of 1100]

ti
en

or 11 = r% [r% of 1100]
m
cu

or 1100 = r × r × 11
do

or r2 = 100
is
Th

or r = 10%

12. (c)
Cost price of 25 bananas = Selling price of 30 bananas = Rs 150 (LCM of 25 and 30).
So, CP of one banana = Rs 6
And SP of one banana = Rs 5
Obviously, there is a loss of Rs. 1 per banana.
So, Loss percentage = (1/6) X 100 = 16.66%
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
4 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
13. (a)
Amount = Principle [1 + (r/100)]n
So, 3P = P [1 + (r/100)]12
or [1 + (r/100)]12 = 3 …………(i)
According to the question,
27P = P {1 + (r/100)}n
or 33 = {1 + (r/100)}n ………..(ii)
On putting the value of 3 from equation (i) in equation (ii), we get:
[{1 + (r/100)}12]3 = {1 + (r/100)}n
or {1 + (r/100)}36 = {1 + (r/100)}n
So, n = 36
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

14. (d)
Let the amount invested in TATA Steel be Rs. x.
So, the investment in TCS = Rs. x/2
We know that, A = P{1 + (r/100)}t
According to the question,
x(1 + {5/100)}2 - x/2[{1 + (10/100)}2] = 6965
or x(21/20)2 - x/2{(11/10)}2 = 6965
or 441x/400 - 121x/200 = 6965
or (441x - 242x)/400 = 6965
or 199x = 6965 × 400
or x = (6965 × 400)/199
or x = Rs. 14000
So, amount invested in TCS = 14000/2 = Rs.7000
Required Difference = Rs. (14000 - 7000) = Rs. 7000.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

15. (b)
Total savings of Rajesh = Rs. 126588
After giving 50% of the savings to CRY foundation, he is left with an amount = Rs. 63,294
Let's assume that he invested Rs. x for Robin and the rest for Modhumita, i.e. Rs. (63294 – x).
As the ages of Robin and Modhumita are 13 years and 11 years, so they will get the final amount after 5
and 7 years respectively.
Now, as per the question,
x {1 + (10/100)}5 = (63294 – x) {1 + (10/100)}7
or x/(63,294 – x) = {1 + (10/100)}7/{1 + (10/100)}5
or x/(63,294 – x) = (11/10) × (11/10)
or 100x = 63,294 × 121 – 121x
or 221x = 63,294 × 121
or x = 34654
Therefore, the sum invested for Modhumita = (63294 – 34654) = Rs. 28640
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

16.(c)
From statement I:
Difference between CI and SI for two years = P (r/100)2
Or 1500 × r2/1002 = 50.
Using this we can find the rate of interest, r. Hence, we can find the compound interest too.
5 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 From statement II:
Rate of interest = (800 × 100) / 5000 x 6
Using this we can find rate of interest, r. Hence, we can find the compound interest too.

17. (d)
From statement I:
Difference between CI and SI for two years = P (r/100)2
P 52/1002 = 760.
So, principal sum can be found.
From statement II:
Simple Interest = (P × r × n)/100
Or P = (P × 5 × 8)/100
Or 1 = (5 × 8)/100
It is not possible to find the principal amount from this statement.
From statement III:
We can find the principal sum easily by using the compound interest formula.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

18 (a)
Option (a) is correct. As per the passage, pulses are a good source of protein. The lines “As per estimates,
water footprints for producing one kilogram of meat is five times higher than that of pulses. Further, one
kilogram of legume emits 0.5 kilograms in CO2 equivalent whereas one kilogram of meat produces 9.5
kilograms in CO2 equivalent." This clearly explains that pulses are a cleaner and sustainable option for the
protein needs of the people.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage mentions the low per capita availability of pulses in the line “Per
capita net availability of pulses in India, however, has reduced from 51.1 gm/day (1971) to 41.9 gm/day
(2013)". This highlights the demand-supply gap for pulses. But the passage does not list the factors
responsible for this gap. Even though less remunerative MSPs can be the reason for low productivity, it
cannot be implied from the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage compares the carbon and water footprints of meat and pulses to
promote pulses as an alternative to the protein needs of the people. The theme of the passage is mainly
concerned with pulse production and not with global warming. Moreover, banning meat production in
itself is an extreme solution for GHG emissions. So, this cannot be the right option.
Option (d) is incorrect. Again this might be right in itself but since the passage does not mention the
factors responsible for low pulse production, it cannot be implied from the passage that Green Revolution
is responsible for the low productivity of pulses in India.

19. (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage mentions the use of AI and big data in the agriculture sector. The
lines - “Tillers are fit with sensors to analyze the soil nutrient conditions of every inch of the farm. Drone
technology and data analytics are already being used to recommend advanced water irrigation
strategies" - explain that the use of sensors and drones will help in the automation of some aspects of this
sector but it cannot be implied from this that the highly labor-intensive agriculture sector will get
COMPLETELY mechanized in the near future.
Option (b) is correct. The lines, "Tillers are fit with sensors to analyze the soil nutrient conditions of every
inch of the farm. Drone technology and data analytics are already being used to recommend advanced
water irrigation strategies and diagnose diseases on the farm in real-time", highlight the use of AI to
assess the soil conditions, water requirements, and other needs of crops in a real-time manner. The data
being collected will be very helpful in agricultural R&D especially in the context of climate change, as

6 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

 highlighted by the last line, “It may also help the farmers in coping with the changing weather
conditions”.
Option (c) is incorrect. This might factually be a correct option as technology is a capital-intensive sector.
But the passage does not delve into these dimensions of agro-technologies. Therefore, it is NOT the
MOST logical and rational conclusion.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage mentions the use of drone technology to recommend advanced water
irrigation strategies and diagnose diseases on the farm in real-time. Nowhere in the passage, is it
mentioned that the distribution of HYV seeds to the remote areas of the country is a challenge at present
and that drones will be helpful in overcoming it. Also, revolutionizing the agri-sector is dependent on
various other factors and not just on HYV seeds. So, this is not a valid conclusion.

20. (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. According to the passage, the Constitution has the provision for both Fundamental
Rights and Duties. However, the Fundamental Duties are not enforceable as per the Constitution.
However, the passage does not make any comparative analysis of the relative importance of Fundamental
Rights and Fundamental Duties. Thus, considering duties as less important than rights is out of the context
of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. Refer to the last line of the passage: “The Constitution of India neither intends nor
prescribes sanctions.” This answer option directly contradicts this intention.
Option (c) is correct. The lines “On the other hand, the Constitution categorically provides for certain
fundamental duties enshrined under Part IV A, to be performed by its citizens. There is no provision for
enforcement of the Fundamental Duties, nor there is any sanction for the violation of the duties under the
Constitution" express the idea of the author that the duties mentioned under Part IV A of the Constitution
are merely obligatory in nature and not binding on the citizens.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage does not make any reference to the discussion of whether the
Fundamental Duties should be enforceable in nature or not. It just explains the parts and aspects of the
Constitution. Therefore, this cannot be the right option.

21.(b)
Cost of 1 kg sugar in 2018 = Rs. 35
Cost of 1 kg sugar in 2019 = 35 + 10% of 35 = 35 + (10/100) × 35 = 35 + 3.5 = Rs. 38.5
Cost of 1 kg sugar in 2020 = 38.5 + 10% of 38.5 = 38.5 + (10/100) × 38.5 = 38.5 + 3.85 = Rs. 42.35
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

22. (a)
Method I:
Let the original price of rice be Rs. x per kg, and its consumption be y kgs.
Hence, total expenditure on rice = Rs. xy

New Price = x + (25/100)x = Rs. 1.25x per kg

Let the new consumption be z kgs.
So, New Expenditure = 1.25xz
According to the question,
xy = 1.25xz
or y = 1.25z
or z = y/1.25 = (4y/5)
So, Percentage reduction in consumption = [{y – 4y/5}/y] × 100 = 20%
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
Method II:
Expenditure = Price × Quantity
7 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Price of rice increases by 25%. So, Expenditure must also increase by 25%. So, let’s assume that it went
up to Rs. 125, from Rs. 100.
Now, to bring it back to 100, we need to reduce it by (25/125) × 100 = 20%
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

23. (c)
Total maximum marks = 150 + 90 = 240
Required passing marks = 60% of 240 = (60/100) × 240 = 144
Difference in required passing marks and marks achieved till now = 144 – 76 = 68
So, to get promoted to the next class, Anuj has to score 68 marks in the final test.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

24. (b)
Given, A = 343000, P = Rs. 512000, n = 3 years, r = ?
A = P {1 - (r/100)}n
Or 343000 = 512000 {1 - (r/100)}3
Or (343000/512000) = {1 - (r/100)}3
Or (7/8)3 = {1 - (r/100)}3
Or 7/8 = 1 – r/100
Or r/100 = 1/8
Or r = 100/8 = 12.5%
So, Rate of depreciation = 12.5%
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

25. (a)
Let total marks in each subject be 100.
Therefore, total marks for all 5 subjects = 500
Overall marks scored = 60% of 500 = 300
According to the question,
4x + 5x + 6x + 7x + 8x = 300
or 30x = 300
or x = 10
So, marks in the given 5 subjects must be:
4 × 10 = 40
5 × 10 = 50
6 × 10 = 60
7 × 10 = 70
8 × 10 = 80
Hence, in 1 subject the student has scored less than 50% marks.

26. (c)
Amount = P {1 + (r/100)}t
Amount to be paid by Prateek after 3 years = 100000 {1 + (10/100)}3 = 100000 x (11/10) x (11/10) x
(11/10) = Rs. 133,100
After the announcement, the amount to be paid = 100000 {1 + (10/100)}2 x {1 + (12/100)} = 100000 x
(11/10) x (11/10) x (56/50) = Rs.135,520
Extra amount to be paid by Prateek = 135,520 - 133,100 = Rs. 2,420
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

8 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

27. (a)
Statement 1 is correct. The line, “…ecotourism assumes a depth and meaning which people were unaware
of/oblivious to earlier” explains that after the pandemic ecotourism may take the center-stage in the
tourism sector due to its unconventional nature which is suitable for social distancing.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The line “…ecotourism assumes a depth and meaning which people were
unaware of/oblivious to earlier, leading to a rise in preference for lesser-known destinations and
excursion sights near major destinations, which will likely be the next big driver to reboot tourism"
explains the potential of ecotourism in boosting the tourism sector which has been impacted by the
pandemic. To promote ecotourism, the government may formulate policies conducive to eco-friendly
hotels, however the role of government has nowhere been emphasized or even indicated in the passage.
So, this is not a valid inference.
Statement 3 is incorrect. This statement might be rational to conclude. This statement mentions one of the
challenges associated with ecotourism. Since the passage does not discuss the challenges associated with
the promotion of ecotourism, this statement does not align with the context of the passage. Moreover, not
promoting ecotourism due to the challenges would be an extreme measure. So, this is not a valid
conclusion.
Statement 4 is incorrect. The line “…ecotourism assumes a depth and meaning which people were
unaware of/oblivious to earlier, leading to a rise in preference for lesser-known destinations and
excursion sights near major destinations" explains the potential of ecotourism in the exploration of
unconventional places which have not developed for tourism purposes. As people start traveling to these
less explored places, it may provide various livelihood opportunities to the local people. However, we
cannot conclude this based on the given passage.

28. (b)
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage does not make any reference to the factors responsible for child
trafficking. Poor education can be a latent factor responsible for trafficking but there could be other more
compelling factors like poverty. So, we cannot conclusively assume that education and health are mainly
responsible for trafficking.
Statement 2 is correct. The line “School closures have not only limited their access to education but also
deprived children of a secure source of shelter and food" explains that schools function as a source of
shelter and schools do provide food to the children. Thus, it is a valid assumption.

29.(b)
Under Scheme 1:
20% down payment = Rs. 20 lakhs x (20/100) = 4 lakhs
Money earned at the end of 3 years = 18 lakhs
Money earned by TATA motors under Scheme 1 = 4 + 18 = Rs. 22 lakhs
Under Scheme 2:
Rs. 20 lakhs are invested at the 5% p.a. compound interest.
Amount after 3 years = 2000000 {1 + (5/100)}3 = 2000000 x (21/20) x (21/20) x (21/20) = Rs. 2315250
Hence, Scheme 2 is more profitable for the company.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

30. (a)
Let the number be x.
If number is multiplied by 6, then we get 6x (Correct Value)
But instead, the number was divided by 9 and hence we got x/9 (Incorrect Value)
Error percentage = {(Correct value - Incorrect value)/Correct value} x 100 = [{6x - (x/9)}/6x] × 100 =
{(54x - x)/54x} × 100 = 98.14%
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
9 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
31.(b)
Let Sandhya's weight be 1 kg.
Now, Shalini weighs thrice as much as Sandhya. So, Shalini's weight = 3 kg
Priya's weight is 80% of Shalini's weight. So, Priya's weight = 3 x (80/100) = 2.4 kg
Meenu's weight is 120% of Sandhya's weight. So, Meenu's weight = 1 x (120/100) = 1.2 kg
Now, if Meenu's weight is a% of Priya's weight, then:
2.4 x (a/100) = 1.2
Or a = (1.2 x 100)/2.4
Or a = 50%.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

32. (a)
Let the marks scored by Madan be 'X'.
So, the marks scored by Kamala = X + 32.
According to the question,
(X + 32) = 70% of (X + X + 32)
or (X + 32) = (70/100) (X + X + 32)
or (X + 32) = (7/10) (2X + 32)
or 10X + 320 = 14X + 224
or 320 - 224 = 14X - 10X
or 4X = 96
or X = 24
Therefore, sum of their marks = 2X + 32 = 48 + 32 = 80
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

33. (a)
Let total number of students in the class be 100.
Indian students = 40% of 100 = 40
So, foreign students = 100 – 40 = 60 students
Total number of girls students = 50% of 100 = 50
According to the question,
Total number of Indian girl students = 40% of 40 = 16 students
So, foreign girl students = 50 – 16 = 34
As total foreign students = 60
So, foreign boy students = 60 – 34 = 26
So, percentage of boys among foreign students = (26/60) × 100 = 43.33%
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

34. (c)
Given Height = 2 m = 2 × 100 cm = 200 cm
When ball hits the ground for the 1st time, its height = 80% of 200 = 160 cm
When ball hits the ground for the 2nd time, its height = 80% of 160 = 128 cm
When ball hits the ground for the 3rd time, its height = 80% of 128 = 102.4 cm
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

35. (b)
Let’s check by putting some random values for the given variables.
Let C.P be 1 and S.P. be 2
Profit Percentage = [(S.P. – C.P.)/C.P.] × 100 = (1/1) × 100 = 100%
After increasing both the values by 1:
10 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Profit Percentage = (1/2) × 100 = 50%
Now, let’s check with some other values.
Let C.P. be 100 and S. P. be 110
Profit Percentage = (10/100) × 100 = 10%
After increasing both the values by 10:
Profit Percentage = (10/110) × 100 = 9.09 %
So, the value of z will definitely decrease.

36. (c)
From the question statement it is clear that he purchases 122 units instead of 100 units, and sells 80 units
in place of 100 units. Therefore, in this whole transaction he saves 22 + 20 = 42 units
Thus, profit percentage = (42/80) × 100 = 420/8 = 52.5%

37. (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage talks about digital twin technology and its function. But it does not
explain the technology it employs in a detailed manner. It might be possible that it uses AR in its
functioning. But this cannot be inferred from the given passage.

Option (b) is incorrect. The line “While the concept of a digital twin has been around since 2002, it’s only
thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT) that it has become cost-effective to implement” mentions the role
played by IoT in making the digital twin technology cost-effective. However, the reverse might not be
true. The passage does not mention the role played by digital twin technology in implementing IoT.
Option (c) is correct. The line “This pairing of the virtual and physical worlds allows analysis of data and
monitoring of systems to head off problems before they even occur, prevent downtime, develop new
opportunities and even plan for the future by using simulations” highlights the potential of the digital twin
technology in solving problems of the real world and increasing innovation.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage does not mention the types of businesses for which the digital twin
technology is useful. So, it is not rational to infer that this technology is MAINLY useful for tech
companies.

38. (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. The line “…it is the poor, dispossessed and marginalized who bear the greatest
burden of mental health problems, but we have historically dismissed their suffering as a natural
extension of their social and economic conditions" seeks to express that the poor people face more
problems and suffering due to mental health issues owing to their economic conditions. However, it
11 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 cannot be the main conclusion of the passage. Focus of the passage is more on “how to solve” the
problem, rather than “who suffers more”. So, this cannot be the right option.
Option (b) is incorrect. This option can be right in itself, but the passage does not explain in a detailed
manner the factors responsible for ignoring the mental health issue in India. So, it cannot be concluded
from the passage that mental health is a taboo in India.
Option (c) is correct. The line “While there has been a flourishing of initiatives to address the rising tide
of mental health problems, most notably through telemedicine platforms, they rely heavily on mental
health specialist providers who are very scarce in number and often unaffordable" identifies the issues
being faced by the mental health care system in India. Increasing the number of mental health care
providers and making the support affordable should be the focus area. This can be done by increasing the
expenditure in this system
Option (d) is incorrect. It is a close option. The passage mentions that telemedicine is CURRENTLY one
of the most popular mode to address mental health issues. It does not make any reference to the potential
of telemedicine to become the most promising or successful solution. So, it cannot be the best conclusion
drawn from the passage.

39. (c)
Option (a) is not correct. Refer to this line: “Given that Robotics is fast entering into the industrial space
in India, it is but natural that a lot of employment and entrepreneurship opportunities are opening up for
people who wish to enter this growing and exciting field.” The passage only talks about creation of new
avenues of employment. There is no mention of job loss in any segment of workers. Hence it is not
correct.
Option (b) is not correct. The passage does not mention whether it is difficult to adopt robotics in the area
of social development or not. Hence, this statement is completely beyond the scope of passage.
Option (c) is correct. The passage talks about employment and entrepreneurship opportunities that would
emerge due to introduction of robotics in industrial space. It also mentions the challenge of hardware
procurement, and recommends a possible solution to this problem. All these are effectively captured in
option (c).
Option (d) is not correct. The passage begins by making a reference to new employment and
entrepreneurship opportunities as a result of adoption of robotics in industries. It does not mean that India
is currently witnessing jobless growth, or that robots will further worsen it. Hence this statement is quite
farfetched from the crux of the passage.

40. (a)
Option (a) is correct. As per the passage, “Along with protected areas and reserves, forests within human-
modified landscapes play an important role in the conservation of existing flora and fauna” Hence this
answer option is directly mentioned in the passage.
Option (b) is not correct. According to the passage, “…the abundance of one of the bat’s favorite prey - a
bush cricket belonging to the genus Mecopoda - was higher in forest habitats than in plantations. This
suggests that insect prey abundance in forests may be driving the bat’s habitat selection.” Hence it MAY
BE correct but it cannot be said to be definitely correct.
Option (c) is not correct. The passage does not make any reference to the tropical forests. Hence it is not
correct.
Option (d) is not correct. The passage does not mention anything about the Conservation of Biological
Diversity (CBD). Hence it is not correct. It focusses primarily on the role of human-modified landscapes
in ecological conservation.

41.(d)
Option (a) is not correct. Refer to this line: “Similarly the lockdown period also saw the growth of the gig
economy and increasing work from home in the organized sector.” The passage does touch upon the
12 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 growth of gig economy, but it does not make any future predictions. Hence, this answer option is not
correct.
Option (b) is not correct. The passage nowhere mentions the One Nation One Ration Card scheme. Hence
this option is not correct.
Option (c) is not correct. According to the passage, “As per the PLFS report 2018-19, there was an
increase in workforce totaling 48.78 crore during 2018-19 as compared to 47.14 crore during 2017- 18.
The size of the workforce increased by about 1.64 crore, of which 1.22 crore were in the rural sector and
0.42 crore in the urban sector.” It nowhere mentions the gender composition of the workforce.
Option (d) is correct. As per the passage, “While the pandemic caused its ripples on the economy and on
the social sector... Public spending on the social sector was increased in 2020-21 to mitigate the
hardships caused by the pandemic and the loss to livelihood due to the lockdown.” Hence it can be safely
concluded that the pandemic has impacted both economy and social sector in India.

42. (d)
Statement 1:
Let the list price (or the market price) be Rs. x.
Then, S.P = 95% of Rs. x = Rs. {x × (95/100)} = Rs. 19x/20

Statement 2:
C.P. = Rs. 5000
However, we do not know the list price or the selling price. So, we cannot find out the profit percentage.

43. (b)
Amount received from “AMUL” after one year of investment of Rs. 5 million (in 3rd year) = Rs. [5 + (8%
of 5)] = Rs. 5.4 million USD.
Amount received from “MOTHER DAIRY” after one year of investment of Rs. 5.4 million (in the year
4th year) = [5.4 + (2.98% of 5.4)] = 5.56 million USD
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

44. (d)
Return on 7 million USD in 5th year in Amul = 6.45% of 7 million USD = 0.4515 million USD
Return on 7 million USD in 5th year in Mother dairy = 9.46% of 7 million USD = 0.6622 million USD
Required difference = (0.6622 - 0.4515) million USD = 0.2107 million USD
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

45. (d)
Let X and Y be the amounts invested in Scheme A and Scheme B respectively.
Interest obtained through scheme A = 0.09 × X × 2 = Rs. 0.18X
Interest obtained through scheme B = (1.062 – 1) × Y = Rs. 0.1236Y
It’s given that:
0.18X + 0.1236Y = 400 …………………(1)
X + Y = 2400 ………………………….(2)
On solving equations (1) and (2), we get:
X = 1830, Y = 570 (approx.)
So, X - Y = Rs. 1260

46. (a)
If the difference between simple and compound interest for 2 years is known, then we can use the
following formula.
Difference = Principal x (rate of interest) 2/(100) 2
13 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Or 76 = Principal x (19 x 19)/(100) 2
Or 760000 = Principal x 361
Or Principal = Rs. 2105.26

47. (a)
S.I. = P × 2 × a/100
C.I. = P (1 + A/100)2 – P = P {2A/100 + (A/100)2}
As per the question, they are equal.
So, P ×2 × a/100 = P {2A/100 + (A/100)2}
Or A2 + 200A – 200a = 0
Solving the equation, we get
A = -100 ± √(10000 +200a)
Since A cannot be negative the only possible value of A = -100 + √(10000 +200a)
Or A + 100 = √ (10000 +200a)

48. (a)
Time × Rate per hour = Total Charges/Expenditure
Earlier, 1 × 1 = 1
Let the new time spent by Ram be x units.
So, x × 1.25 = 1.1
or x = 1.1/1.25 = 0.88
Thus, decrease in time = 12%

49. (a)
Let the actual number be X
According to the question,
X × (10/100) + X2 = (X × 1010)/100
Or 0.1X + X2 = 10.1X
Or X2 = 10X
Or X = 10

50. (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. A public good refers to a commodity or service that is made available to all
members of a society. Typically, these services are administered by governments and paid for collectively
through taxation. Examples of public goods include law enforcement, national defense, and the rule of
law. Public goods also refer to more basic goods, such as access to clean air and drinking water.

14 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

 Non-Personal Data (NPD) in modern times has emerged as a public good. It can be inferred from the
following line: “It is intrinsically tied to people — individuals and communities — and needs to be
protected and used in pursuit of empowerment and public well-being.” It would be incorrect to say that it
has always been a public good.
Option (b) correct. The passage supports the argument that both top-down and bottom-up approaches are
useful in contemporary data based decision making. Both top-down and bottom-up approaches are useful
in public decision making which itself is public good as it paves way for more accountable government. It
can be inferred from the following lines,”There is a need to create top down systems to incentivise private
technology companies to share data for public use, and bottom up systems to involve people in decisions
with regard to their data and hold governments and businesses accountable.”
Option (c) is close but incorrect. Refer to this line of the passage: “…and bottom up systems to involve
people in decisions with regard to their data and hold governments and businesses accountable.” The
passage talks about the government and business accountability in proper management of people’s data.
From this it would be irrational to infer that NPD leads to greater accountability in both public and private
organisations.
Option (d) is incorrect. Since option (a) is incorrect, option (d) automatically becomes incorrect.

51.(b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage does emphasize the need for indigenization in defence infrastructure,
but it nowhere suggests that there is no other option left. Other ways like building core capacities within
the defence bureaucracy, exploring integrative solutions, and forging strategic partnerships are
recommended. Hence, this answer option is incorrect.
Option (b) is correct. Throughout the passage it has been argued that Indigenising defence capabilities is
imperative for India to optimally address the national security threat. It can be clearly inferred from the
following lines, “The military procurement models New Delhi has pursued are less than optimal,
reflecting the difficulties faced by the Indian state in indigenising capabilities…. In the absence of a
productive defence-industrial base, New Delhi will have no choice but to forge strategic partnerships, in
order to redress the gap in its conventional capabilities vis-à-vis its immediate adversaries.”
Option (c) is close but incorrect. Rationally thinking forging strategic partnerships should not be a forced
choice to promote national security in the modern era, and the passage does not oppose this argument.
However, the passage is essentially concerned with improvising domestic capabilities in overall defence
management. The author is more interested in the practical aspects of what should be done, rather than
dwelling on the philosophical question of what is good or bad in the modern era. Hence, this answer
option cannot be the crux of this passage.
Option (d) is close but incorrect. The passage supports the argument that India’s defence-industrial base
has not performed in optimal fashion resulting in poor indigenous defence capability of India. It is one of
the aspects touched upon by the author. Other aspects like issues with defence bureaucracy and exploring
integrative solutions are also covered. Hence, this answer option cannot be the crux of this passage.

52. (b)
Option (a) is not the most logical and rational inference. The passage does support the argument that
urban biodiversity as a concept has not received adequate attention from the decision makers. However,
the main thrust of the passage is to suggest that new urban planning models (land sparing and land
sharing) are increasingly showing ecological perspectives which should draw the attention of decision
makers.
Option (b) is correct. Urban planning models are increasingly embracing ecological perspectives. It can be
inferred from the following lines, “The first model involves creating a solid boundary between densely
populated residential areas and vast natural spaces... Land sharing, on the other hand, involves diluting
nature within the urban environment by introducing a succession of grassy passages, small gardens and
neighbourhood green spaces.”
15 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Option (c) is incorrect. The passage does not suggest that both land sparing and land sharing as urban
planning models need active government intervention. There was no discussion of government
intervention in the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage does not suggest that without active citizen engagement in developing
urban planning models cohabitation is not possible. There was no discussion of citizen involvement in the
passage.

53. (a)
Option (a) is correct. The success of technology in the modern era depends heavily upon its adoptability
and consumption patterns of society. It can be inferred from the following lines, “…many novel and smart
devices have been introduced that, through lack of adoption, has resulted in rapid removal from the
market. Thus, through what we buy and apply, we have a large impact on what technology will be
adopted and sustained in our society.”
Option (b) is incorrect. Refer to this line of the passage: “…smartphones and the Internet have in many
ways changed the way we live our lives and interact with others.” The passage does acknowledge the
impact of technology on human lives and our interaction with each other. However, the author does not
call these impacts “undesired and uncontrollable”. Hence, this answer option is incorrect.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage does not suggest that due to the ever-evolving nature of technology
the societal behaviour has become beyond the control of human beings. It only mentions the impact of
technology on human lives, and how technology adoption depends on individual buying decision.
Option (d) is close but incorrect. Although the passage supports the argument that technology has
influenced societal interaction patterns in a plethora of ways. However, it only partially covers the central
message of the passage. The passage rather discusses the reciprocal relationship between human society
and technology. It can be inferred from the following lines,” …we have a large impact on what
technology will be adopted and sustained in our society. At the same time, we have limited control over
unintentional changes to our behaviour by the way we adopt and use technology, e.g., smartphones and
the Internet have in many ways changed the way we live our lives and interact with others.” From these
arguments it would be farfetched to conclude that technology DOMINATES social interaction.

54. (b)
According to the question,
The spare parts company promises to deliver 6300 units to the automobile company at Rs. 100 each.
However, it is only able to deliver 90% of the manufactured spare parts.
So, it must be manufacturing 7000 units, in order to deliver 6300 units eventually.
Let Rs. x be the manufacturing price of one unit of spare part. So, C.P. = 7000x
So, Total income including 15% profit, i.e. S.P. = 7000x × 1.15
Above mentioned income is registered by selling 90% of the spare parts produced at a rate of Rs. 100
each. So, S.P. = 6300 × 100 = Rs. 630000
So, 7000x × 1.15 = 630000
or x = (630000 × 100) / (7000 × 115)
or x = 9000/115 = Rs. 78.26

55. (c)
Let C.P. be Rs. 100, and the M.P. be x% more than C.P., i.e. M.P. = 100 + x
Discount of b% means S.P. = (1 – 0.01 b) (100 + x)
Also, profit of a% means S.P. = 100 + a
So, (1 – 0.01 b) (100 + x) = 100 + a
Or 100 + x = (100 + a)/(1 – 0.01 b)
Or 100 + x = 100 × (100 + a)/(100 – b)
Or x = {(a + b) / (100 – b)} × 100
16 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
56. (c)
Let C.P. be Rs. x and S.P. be Rs. y.
Earlier profit must have been y – x.
But now, profit = 2y - x
As per the question,
2y - x = 3(y - x)
Or 2y – x = 3y – 3x
Or y = 2x
So, Original Profit = SP – CP = y - x = 2x - x = Rs. x
Profit percentage = (Profit/CP) × 100 = (x/x) × 100 = 100%

57. (d)
Milk produced in 1st year = 20 gallons.
Total population in 1st year = 40 + 39 = 79 million.
Hence, per capita production of milk in 1st year = 20/79 = 0.25 gallon per person.
Similarly, per capita production of milk in 3rd year = 21/84 = 0.25 gallon per person.
Per capita production of milk in 5th year = 22/83 = 0.26 gallon per person.
Per capita production of milk in 6th year = 19/80.5 = 0.23 gallon per person.
Hence, the year with the least per capita production of milk is the 6th year.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

58. (c)
The amount of nutrient is directly related with quantity of the respective items.
Now, 2nd and 4th years have maximum cumulative production of milk and rice. So, our answer must be
one of these two.
However, we know that 1 gallon of milk contains more nutrient than 1 ton of rice. Hence, the 4th year will
have the highest availability of that nutrient.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

59. (c)
Let the current population be x.
Increase in population due to immigration = 3% p.a.
Decrease in population due to migration = 1%
So, net effect on population = 3 - 1 = 2%
Population after 1st year = x + (2/100)(x) = 1.02x
Population after 2nd Year = 1.02x + (2/100)(1.02x) = 1.0404x
So, overall increase in population after 2 years will be 4.04%.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

60. (a)
Option (a) is correct. Developing healthy information systems should be treated as a collective obligation
of all stakeholders. It can be inferred from the following lines, “… maintaining healthy information
ecosystems is a shared responsibility, not only of public institutions. The media itself, private sector,
including internet platforms, civil society, and international development actors have a role to play, too.”
Option (b) is close but not the most logical and crucial message. Public participation is necessary to
nurture healthy information systems. However, public participation is only one of the many factors
essential for healthy information systems. Apart from public participation, media, internet platforms,
international development actors also have roles to play. Therefore, this only partially covers the central
idea of the passage that is developing healthy information systems should be treated as a collective
obligation of all stakeholders.
17 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Option (c) is close but not the most logical and crucial message. Developing information as a public good
is the collective responsibility of all of stakeholders including government. Among these stakeholders,
who should play an instrumental role is not dealt with in the passage. Hence, this answer option is
incorrect.
Option (d) is incorrect because option (a) is correct as discussed above.

61. (b)
Option (a) is close but not correct. The negative externalities of colonialism have proved to be inter-
generational in the poor third world countries as can be inferred from the following lines, “…colonialism
perpetrated great crimes that affected millions; the lasting impact of that legacy is carried by those still
living and will be shouldered by those who are yet to be born.” However, the passage has not only shown
the characteristics of negative externalities but also has suggested a way forward to overcome the
historical injustices. It can be inferred from the following lines, “…the most ethical action would be to
voluntarily relinquish the wealth and resources that protect them, extending that protection to everyone.
We who benefit from colonialism’s violent past must acknowledge our role in causing the crises that face
humanity, and seek to recompense those who have been wronged.” Therefore, option (a) only partially
covers the central theme of the passage.
Option (b) is correct. The passage broadly covers to main aspects: 1. Historical wrongs done by
colonialists 2. Way to address these wrongs. Option (b) captures both these aspects. It can be inferred
from the following lines, “…the most ethical action would be to voluntarily relinquish the wealth and
resources that protect them, extending that protection to everyone. We who benefit from colonialism’s
violent past must acknowledge our role in causing the crises that face humanity, and seek to recompense
those who have been wronged.”
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage does not suggest that colonialism is the MAIN reason for today’s
conservation emergencies affecting millions of people worldwide. There can be other reasons as well like
overpopulation, lack of resources, inefficient planning, etc.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage does not suggest that international consensus should put pressure on
the advanced countries to provide funds to the developing countries so that historical injustices can be
addressed in an equitable way. The passage rather suggests voluntary actions, not coercive measures.

62. (d)
Option (a) is close but not the most logical and rational inference. The passage supports the argument that
Fourth Industrial Revolution, like many other technological innovations, comes with its own share of
controversies. However, Fourth Industrial Revolution is only one component of the technological
innovations which constitute the overall theme of the passage, i.e. empowering people equitably should be
the ultimate goal of our technological innovations.
Option (b) is close but not the most logical and rational inference. Global consensus building is imperative
for making the Fourth Industrialisation Revolution more sustainable. However, that consensus is only a
means to ensure that empowering people equitably should be the ultimate goal of our technological
innovations. It can be inferred from the following lines, “In the end, it all comes down to people and
values. We need to shape a future that works for all of us by putting people first and empowering them.”
Therefore, option (b) only partially covers the central theme of the passage.
Option (c) is close but not the most logical and rational inference. Decision makers have not given
adequate attention to the concerns associated with the Fourth Industrialisation Revolution. However, this
forms only one component of the overall theme of the passage, that is, empowering people equitably
should be the ultimate goal of our technological innovations and decision makers should keep this end in
mind while designing technological policies.
Option (d) is correct. Empowering people equitably should be the ultimate goal of our technological
innovations. It can be inferred from the following lines, “We must develop a comprehensive and globally
shared view of how technology is affecting our lives and reshaping our economic, social, cultural, and
18 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 human environments. There has never been a time of greater promise, or one of greater potential peril. In
the end, it all comes down to people and values. We need to shape a future that works for all of us by
putting people first and empowering them.” Hence, this answer option is the most logical and rational
among all the answer options.

63. (a)
Assumption 1 is valid. Modern states should actively intervene to channel the technological potential in
desired direction. The following lines of the passage support this assumption, “We must develop a
comprehensive and globally shared view of how technology is affecting our lives ... Today’s decision-
makers, however, are too often trapped in traditional, linear thinking, or too absorbed by the multiple
crises demanding their attention, to think strategically about the forces of disruption and innovation
shaping our future.” Decision makers here refer to those in leadership positions who have the
responsibility to shape technological policies.
Assumption 2 is not valid. Refer to this line: “In its most pessimistic, dehumanized form, the Fourth
Industrial Revolution may indeed have the potential to “robotize” humanity and thus to deprive us of our
heart and soul.” In its most inhumane form Fourth Industrial Revolution is basically aimed at increasing
productivity and efficiency of production process at minimal cost using technology such as robots. This
does not mean that Fourth Industrial Revolution is intrinsically a consumerist conceptualisation. It can
also have human virtues like creativity, empathy, stewardship.

64. (c)
Price of the machine at the end of the first year = 500000 – (25% × 500000) = Rs. 375000
Price at the end of 2nd year = 375000 – (20% × 375000) = Rs. 300000
Price at the end of 3rd year = 300000 – (15% × 300000) = Rs. 255000

65. (a)
Total duration of broadcast = 16 hours = 16 × 3600 = 57600 seconds
Total time devoted to advertisements = 23 × 40 + 76 × 10 = 1680 seconds
So, Percentage of time devoted to advertisements = (1680/57600) × 100 = 2.91%

66. (c)
Daily production of sweets = q – (r/100) × q = (100 – r)q / 100
So, Required number of days = Total sweets ordered / Number of sweets produced in a day = 100p / (100
– r)q

67. (d)
x% of y = (x/100) × y = (y/100) × x = y% of x
So, A = B

68. (a)
Price of hotel after 3 years = 125 (1.2)3 = 125 (6/5)3 = 216 lakhs
Price of heavy machinery after 3 years = 128 (3/4)3 = 54 lakhs
Difference between price of hotel and machine after 3 years = Rs. 162 lakhs

69. (a)
Option (a) is correct. Business and Human Rights are not mutually incompatible and both can coexist.
Although there are challenges like negative mind set of corporations, they can be overcome by using
carefully crafted initiatives like Human Rights Due Diligence. It can be inferred from the following lines,”
Governments must adopt a smart mix of mandatory and voluntary measures to demand human rights
compliance from corporations…. Both countries based the corporate due diligence obligations defined in
19 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 their respective laws on the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights…. Respect for human
rights must be accepted as the way of doing business.”
Option (b) is incorrect. Bureau pathologies, such as dishonest or fraudulent conduct, may have hindered
the progress of human rights in the corporate sector. However, bureau pathology is one of the many
reasons for inadequate compliance of human rights, with other reasons being the negative mindset of
corporations towards human rights. Therefore, it only partially covers the essence of the passage that
business and human rights are not mutually incompatible.
Option (c) is close but incorrect. The corporate mind-set has not been conducive for human rights
compliance. This is true. However, this only partially covers the central theme of the passage. Negative
corporate mindset is one of the many factors which have to be addressed to make human rights
compliance in the corporate sector a success. The passage aims to suggest that business and human rights
can coexist by overcoming challenges. Tone of the passage is optimistic, while statement in option (c)
sounds a bit pessimistic.
Option (d) is incorrect. Sine quo non: an essential condition; a thing that is absolutely necessary.
Addressing bureau pathologies such as corruption may be sine qua non for successful human rights
compliance from corporates. However, apart from bureau pathologies negative corporate mindset also has
to be overcome. Therefore, this option covers the key idea of the passage only partially. Moreover,
corruption has only been discussed in the passage as an example of good policies not being executed
properly.

70. (a)
Option (a) is correct. India needs to strike a balance between defensive and offensive cyber security
strategies to optimally address the cyber security threats. It can be inferred from the following lines,”
…they would be well advised and cautioned against a purely defensive cyber strategy… no national
government in India can and should completely divest the country of offensive cyber instruments despite
the risks… India cannot divest itself from offensive cyber instruments.” Hence, there is a strong message
to reduce complete reliance on defensive cyber strategy and adopt offensive strategy also.
Option (b) is close but incorrect. Although the passage supports the argument that nuclear doctrine and
cyber security are different conceptualisations with varied implications. However, this is only an
argument to support the overall theme of the passage, that is, India needs to strike a balance between
defensive and offensive cyber security strategies to optimally address the cyber security threats.
Therefore, this answer option cannot be the MOST logical inference.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage does not suggest that a defensive cyber security approach is no longer
suitable in modern cyber warfare. The passage rather exhorts to strike a balance between defensive and
offensive cyber security approaches as discussed above.
Option (d) is incorrect. On the basis of India and its adversaries only it cannot be rationally generalised
that cyber policies have become increasingly reciprocal in modern warfare globally. It is possible that
cyber policies are not reciprocal globally. It is also not the most logical inference that can be drawn.
71. (c)
Option (a) is close but does not imply the best idea of the passage. Although the passage supports the
argument that offensive cyber approach has risks attached similar to defensive cyber doctrine. However,
the central concern of the passage is not to show that offensive cyber approach is not a risk free idea, but
to show that despite risks India should reconsider its stance towards offensive cyber doctrine.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage does not suggest that India has lagged behind in cyber security with
respect to its adversaries. The passage merely highlights that India should be more open towards offensive
cyber doctrine to effectively counter its adversaries. It can be inferred from the following lines, “India’s
adversaries see the cyber domain as offence dominant. Consequently, India cannot divest itself from
offensive cyber instruments.”
Option (c) is correct. India should take some calculated risks to boost its cyber security approach. This
comprehensively covers the central idea of the passage. Calculated risks, here, refer to risks associated
20 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 with offensive cyber security. Despite the risks the author exhorts India to adopt offensive cyber doctrine.
It can be inferred from the following lines, “…no national government in India can and should completely
divest the country of offensive cyber instruments despite the risks.”
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage does not suggest that offensive cyber security has become inevitable
in modern warfare universally. The passage has only discussed India and its adversaries. On the basis of
only India and its peculiar adversaries it cannot be rationally generalised that offensive cyber security has
become inevitable in modern warfare universally.

72. (a)
Profit = S.P. – C.P. = 215
Now, as per the question,
Profit = 25% of C.P. = 215
Or (25/100) × C.P. = 215
Or C.P. = Rs. 860
So, S.P. = 860 + 215 = Rs. 1075

73. (b)
Let the total property of Kishanlal be Rs.x.
After Kishanlal’s death, the money owned by the family members would be:
Kishanlal’s wife = x/2, Amar = x/6, Akbar =x/6, Anthony =x/6
After Amar’s death, the money owned by each of them would be:
Kishanlal’s wife = x/2, Amar = 0, Amar’s wife = x/12, Akbar = x/6 + x/24 = 5x/24, Anthony = x/6 + x/24
= 5x/24
After Akbar’s death, money owned by them would be:
Kishanlal’s wife = x/2, Amar = 0, Amar’s wife = x/12, Akbar = 0, Akbar’s wife = 5x/48, Anthony = 5x/24
+ 5x/48 = 15x/48.
After Anthony’s death, money owned by them would be:
Kishanlal’s wife = x/2 + 15x/96 = 63x/96, Amar = 0, Amar’s wife = x/12, Akbar = 0, Akbar’s wife =
5x/48, Anthony = 0 and Anthony’s wife = 15x/96.
Now, it’s given that 63x/96 = 787500
Or x = 1200000
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

74. (b)
Let the price of pen, eraser and copy be P, E and C respectively.
According to the question,
2P + 3E + 4C = 75 …….(i)
3P + 2E + C = 50 …….(ii)
It seems like the answer to this question cannot be determined, as we are given three variables but only
two equations. But the question is not asking about the individual prices of pens, erasers and copies.
Rather we need to find the value of 2P + 2E + 2C.
For that, if we add the two equations, we get:
5P + 5E + 5C = 125
Or P + E + C = 25
Or 2P + 2E + 2C = 50
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

75. (b)
Let price of 1 kg rice be “r” and price of 1 kg wheat be “w”.
Now, as per the question,
-r x 9% + w x 13% = 9 ….. (i)
r x 9% + w x 7% = 16 ….. (ii)
On adding equation (i) and (ii), we get:
w x 20% = 25
21 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 That is, 20% of the price of wheat is Rs. 25
So, 100% = Rs. 125
That is, the price of wheat, w = Rs. 125
On putting value of w in equation (i), we get:
-r x 9% + w x 13% = 9
Or -r x 9% + 125 x 13% = 9
Or -r x 9% + 16.25 = 9
Or -r x 9% = -7.25
Or 9% of r = 7.25
So, 100% of r = Rs.80.55
Now, 20% of the price of Rice = 80.55 x (20/100) = Rs. 16.11
And 4% of the price of Wheat = 125 x (4/100) = Rs. 5
16.11 > 5
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
76. (c)
Let the number of items bought = L.C.M. of 8 and 5 = 40.
C.P. of 40 items = (5/8) × 40 = Rs. 25
S.P. of 40 items = (8/5) × 40 = Rs. 64
So, profit percentage = (39/25) × 100 = 156%

77. (a)
Let the given fraction be p/q.
The new fraction will be (1.25p2) / (0.8 q2)
As per the question,
(1.25p2) / (0.8 q2) = (5/8) (p/q)
or p/q = (5/8) × 0.8 × (1/1.25)
or p/q = (5/8) × (4/5) × (4/5)
or p/q = 2/5
So, p × q = 2 × 5 = 10

78. (a)
Let the cost price of each article be Rs. x
Selling price of first article = x + 10% × x = 1.1x
Selling price of second article = 1.1x + 5000
According to the question,
2 (1.1x) + 5000 = 1.2 (2x)
or 2.4x – 2.2x = 5000
or 0.2x = 5000
or x = 5000/0.2 = Rs. 25000

79. (d)
Profit = 25% of C.P.
In order to find the total profit, we must know the selling price of each article, and also the number of
articles sold.
Hence option (d) is the correct answer.

80. (a)
Discount offered by Ram = 10% of 25000 = Rs. 2500
So, S.P. = 25000 – 2500 = Rs. 22500
First discount offered by Vijay = 12% of 25000 = Rs. 3000
S.P. after first discount = Rs. 22000
Second discount offered by Vijay = 8% of 22000 = Rs. 1760
S.P. after second discount = 22000 – 1760 = Rs. 20240
So, difference between their selling prices = 22500 – 20240 = Rs. 2260
22 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
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