November 2012

DIN 19643-3 
ICS 13.060.30 Supersedes
DIN 19643­3:1997­04 and
DIN 19643­4:1999­02

Treatment of water of swimming pools and baths –

Part 3: Combinations of process with ozonization,
English translation of DIN 19643-3:2012-11

Aufbereitung von Schwimm­ und Badebeckenwasser –

Teil 3: Verfahrenskombinationen mit Ozonung,
Englische Übersetzung von DIN 19643-3:2012-11

Traitement de l’eau des bassins des piscines et des bains –

Partie 3: Combinaisons du procès avec ozonisation,
Traduction anglaise de DIN 19643-3.2012-11

Document comprises 22 pages

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Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.
In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.

© No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission of

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Contents
Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................................ 4
3 Principle of the process combinations ........................................................................................................ 5
3.1 Flocculation – filtration – ozonation – chlorination................................................................................ 5
3.2 Flocculation – ozonation – multi-layer filtration with sorption – chlorination ............................5
4 Process stages ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1 Acid neutralizing capacity adjustment ........................................................................................................ 6
4.1.1 General .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.2 Compounds used to adjust acid neutralizing capacity........................................................................... 6
4.1.3 Acid neutralizing capacity values .................................................................................................................. 6
4.1.4 Checking the acid neutralizing capacity ...................................................................................................... 6
4.2 pH value adjustment........................................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Flocculation ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.3.1 General .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.3.2 Flocculants ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
4.3.3 Minimum quantity of flocculant to be added ............................................................................................ 7
4.3.4 Checking the flocculant dosage ...................................................................................................................... 7
4.4 Ozonation ............................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.4.1 General .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.4.2 Ozone concentration by mass ......................................................................................................................... 8
4.4.3 Ozone dosage......................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.4.4 Testing the ozone plant ..................................................................................................................................... 9
4.5 Flocculation filtration in the process combination flocculation – filtration –
ozonation – sorption filtration – chlorination .......................................................................................... 9
4.5.1 General .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.5.2 Filtration by rapid filters as specified in DIN 19605 ........................................................................... 10
4.5.3 Testing the filtration ....................................................................................................................................... 12
4.6 Sorption filtration in the process combination flocculation – filtration – ozonation –
sorption filtration – chlorination................................................................................................................ 12
4.6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.6.2 Particle size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates ............................................................... 13
4.6.3 Backwashing sorption filters ....................................................................................................................... 13
4.6.4 Testing the filtration ....................................................................................................................................... 14
4.7 Multi-layer filtration in the process combination flocculation – ozonation – multi-
layer filtration with sorption effect – chlorination .............................................................................. 14
4.7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................. 14
4.7.2 Particle size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates ............................................................... 14
4.7.3 Backwashing multi-layer filters with sorption effect.......................................................................... 15
4.7.4 Testing the filtration ....................................................................................................................................... 17
4.8 Testing the flocculation filtration and sorption filtration ................................................................. 17
4.9 Chlorination ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
4.9.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.9.2 Chlorine concentration................................................................................................................................... 18
5 Load capacity factor, k ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Annex A (informative) Simplified representation of some process combinations (examples) .......... 19
Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................................... 22

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Foreword
This standard has been prepared by Working Committee NA 119-04-13 AA Schwimmbeckenwasser of the
Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee).

The revision was prompted by the wish to merge Parts 3 and 4 of the former version of this series of
standards.

DIN 19643 consists of the following parts, under the general title Treatment of water of swimming pools and baths:

— Part 1: General requirements

— Part 2: Combinations of process with fixed bed filters and precoat filters
— Part 3: Combinations of process with ozonization
— Part 4: Combinations of process with ultrafiltration

Further parts may be added to this standard in future.

In order to ensure that the requirements set down in this standard are met, and bearing in mind economic
aspects, it is recommended that only experienced specialist companies with appropriate references be
commissioned to plan, build and install the treatment facilities. Furthermore, effectiveness of the treatment
should be checked at regular intervals by experienced staff.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. DIN (and/or DKE) shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Amendments

This standard differs from DIN 19643-3:1997-04 and DIN 19643-4:1999-02 as follows:

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a) the contents of the two standards have been merged;
b) the option of omitting flocculation under certain conditions has been extended;
c) the option of including requirement-adapted ozone dosing in plant design and operation has been
added;
d) specifications concerning particle size ranges, filter bed heights, freeboard and backwashing programs
for filtration have been re-arranged;
e) requirements for disinfection of filter backwashing water with chlorine or chlorine dioxide have been
added;
f) the contents of the standard have been brought in line with state-of-the-art technology;
g) normative references have been updated.

Previous editions

DIN 19643: 1984-04

DIN 19643-3: 1997-04
DIN 19643-4: 1999-02

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1 Scope
This standard, in conjunction with DIN 19643-1, applies to the treatment of water of swimming pools and
baths by process combinations using ozonation. It also applies to therapeutic pools.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

DIN 19605, Fixed bed filters for water treatment — Structure and components

DIN 19624, Precoat filters for water treatment

DIN 19627, Ozone plants for water treatment

DIN 19643-1:2012-11, Treatment of water of swimming pools and baths — Part 1: General requirements

DIN 19645, Treatment of spent filter backwash water from systems for treatment of water of swimming-pools

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and baths

DIN 38409-7, German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge — Parameters
characterizing effects and substances (group H) — Part 7: Determination of acid and base-neutralizing
capacities (H 7)

DIN EN 12904, Products used for treatment of water intended for human consumption — Silica sand and silica
gravel

DIN EN 15031, Chemicals used for treatment of swimming pool water — Aluminium-based coagulants

DIN EN 15075, Chemicals used for treatment of swimming pool water — Sodium hydrogen carbonate

DIN EN 15362, Chemicals used for treatment of swimming pool water — Sodium carbonate

DIN EN 15797, Chemicals used for treatment of swimming pool water — Iron-based coagulants

DIN EN 15798, Chemicals used for treatment of swimming pool water — Filter media

DIN EN ISO 6878, Water quality — Determination of phosphorus — Ammonium molybdate spectrometric
method

DIN EN ISO 7027, Water quality — Determination of turbidity

DIN EN ISO 10304-1, Water quality — Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions —
Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate

DIN EN ISO 15681-1, Water quality — Determination of orthophosphate and total phosphorus contents by flow
analysis (FIA and CFA) — Part 1: Method by flow injection analysis (FIA)

DIN EN ISO 15681-2, Water quality — Determination of orthophosphate and total phosphorus contents by flow
analysis (FIA and CFA) — Part 2: Method by continuous flow analysis (CFA)

DIN ISO 9277, Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption — BET method

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Deutsche Gesellschaft für das Badewesen e. V.: Zusätzliche Desinfektionsmaßnahmen durch Hochchlorung im
Bereich der Badewasseraufbereitung — Muster einer Dienstanweisung (Additional disinfection measures by
means of high chlorination levels in pool water treatment — Example of work instructions) 1)

Palin, A.T.: Analytical control of water disinfection with special reference to differential DPD methods for
chlorine, chlorine dioxide, bromine, iodine, and ozone, J. Inst. Water Eng. 28 (1974), pp. 139-154

3 Principle of the process combinations

3.1 Flocculation – filtration – ozonation – chlorination

In the primary stage, dissolved particulate and colloidal impurities are destabilized by flocculation using
iron(III) and/or aluminium salts, flocculated and the orthophosphates are partially precipitated. For this
process, the pH value of the raw water is kept within a range consistent with the type of flocculant used.

In the second treatment stage, most of the particulate and colloidal substances are removed by flocculation
filtration.

In a third stage, the filtrate is treated by exposure to ozone in order to oxidize chemical constituents of the
water, kill microorganisms and inactivate viruses.

In the fourth treatment stage, pollutants precipitated by ozone treatment are removed using a sorption filter
that also separates the oxidized pollutants and eliminates chlorination by-products as well as any residual
ozone from the water.

The filtrate is chlorinated and fed to the pool or bath.

The load capacity factor k is 0,6 m-3, equivalent to a supply water volume of 1,67 m3 per person.

3.2 Flocculation – ozonation – multi-layer filtration with sorption – chlorination

In the flocculation – ozonation – multi-layer filtration – chlorination combination of process, flocculation

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filtration and sorption filtration are combined in the multi-layer filtration component as a single, joint
process stage.

Due to the flocculating effect of ozone, the addition of other flocculants can be dispensed with if the water
quality parameters specified in Table 2 of DIN 19643-1:2012-11 and the phosphate concentrations specified
in Table 7 are met. The plant design shall provide an option for subsequent installation of a dosing feeder for
flocculants.

The filtrate is chlorinated and fed to the pool or bath.

The pollution load factor k is 0,6 m-3, equivalent to a supply water volume of 1,67 m3 per person.

1) Obtainable from: Deutsche Gesellschaft für das Badewesen e.V., Postfach 340201, 45074 Essen.

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4 Process stages
4.1 Acid neutralizing capacity adjustment

4.1.1 General

To achieve satisfactory flocculation, the acid neutralizing capacity, (KS4,3 as in DIN 38409-7) of the raw water
shall be maintained at a given minimum value, depending on the type of flocculant used. This can be
achieved by adding suitable filling water and/or chemicals to increase the acid neutralizing capacity.

4.1.2 Compounds used to adjust acid neutralizing capacity

a) Sodium carbonate (soda), as in DIN EN 15362;

b) sodium hydrogen carbonate, as in DIN EN 15075;

c) calcium carbonate, in solid form, as in DIN EN 15798 (to be used as filter medium).

4.1.3 Acid neutralizing capacity values

a) When applying the respective process combination for bathing facilities other than spa pools (bubbling
pools) with their own treatment facility: KS4,3 ≥ 0,7 mol/m3;

b) when applying the respective process combination for spa pools (bubbling pools) with their own
treatment facility: KS4,3 ≥ 0,3 mol/m3;

c) when using flocculants with a basicity 2) > 65 %, the acid neutralizing capacity can be adjusted to
KS4,3 ≥ 0,3 mol/m3, as opposed to the value stated in a).

4.1.4 Checking the acid neutralizing capacity

After the reagents added have been thoroughly dispersed, the acid neutralizing capacity of the raw water
shall be determined to check for compliance with the specified minimum values. The value shall be
determined weekly and the results documented in the logbook.

4.2 pH value adjustment

The pH value shall be adjusted as described in DIN 19643-1.

4.3 Flocculation

4.3.1 General

After the acid neutralizing capacity and pH value of the water have been adjusted, the flocculant shall be
added continuously, uniformly and proportionally to the water using a feeder.

The flocculant shall be quickly and thoroughly mixed with the water directly at the feed point. This can be
achieved, for example, by means of an abrupt change in pipe diameter immediately downstream of the feed
point, by the use of another technical device such as a static mixer, or locating the flocculant feed point
upstream of the circulation pumps.

2) Basicity is a measure of the pre-neutralization of a product and is defined as: % basicity = (m/3n) x 100 %, where
m is the molar quantity of OH- ions and n is the molar quantity of Al3+ ions.

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The reaction time up to when the water enters the filter body should be at least 10 s, with the flow velocity of
the water not exceeding 1,5 m/s.

Provided the values for the auxiliary hygiene parameters as specified in Table 2 of DIN 19643-1:2012-11 are
complied with, addition of flocculant can be stopped at the earliest one hour after the end of the bathing
session until the bathing session re-starts.

4.3.2 Flocculants

Aluminium sulfate as in DIN EN 15031;

aluminium chloride hexahydrate as in DIN EN 15031;

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sodium aluminate as in DIN EN 15031;

aluminium hydroxide chloride or aluminium hydroxide chloride sulfate as in DIN EN 15031;

polyaluminium chloride with a basicity > 50 % as in DIN EN 15031;

iron(III) chloride hexahydrate as in DIN EN 15797;

iron(III) chloride sulfate solution as in DIN EN 15797;

iron(III) sulfate as in DIN EN 15797.

4.3.3 Minimum quanity of flocculant to be added

Correct dosage can only be maintained if the active substance content of the flocculant is known. The
minimum quantity added shall be as follows:

a) when aluminium salts are used: 0,05 g/m3 (equivalent to 1,85 mmol/m3), as Al;

b) when iron salts are used: 0,1 g/m3 (equivalent to 1,78 mmol/m3), as Fe;

c) when mixed products are used: ≥ 1,85 mmol/m3, in relation to the sum of iron and aluminium
components. The manufacturer shall indicate the iron and aluminium concentrations.

The correct operating of the dosing feeders shall be ensured. Furthermore, the dosing pump shall be checked
regularly, at the latest during maintenance or servicing work, by measuring the feed volume. The results of
the inspection shall be documented in the logbook. Daily flocculant consumption shall be recorded in the
logbook so that correctness of the settings and dosage can be verified. The values thus obtained shall be used
to adjust the dosage quantity to the flow rate.

4.3.4 Checking the flocculant dosage

The correct performance of the flocculation process shall be checked by verifying conformity to the filtrate
requirements (see Table 7).

Whenever the system is put into operation or the flocculant is changed, the effectiveness of the flocculation
stage shall be verified by measuring iron and/or aluminium concentrations upstream and downstream of the
filtration stage.

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4.4 Ozonation

4.4.1 General

Ozone plants shall comply with DIN 19627.

The ozone shall be introduced into the water, either under vacuum or under pressure, using a system
designed to match the entire water treatment facility, and shall be allowed to undergo the desired chemical
reactions in a reaction vessel. Pressure in the entire ozone carrying water system downstream of the ozone
injection point should be kept as low as possible in order to prevent air from being emitted from the water in
the pool.

Excess unspent ozone/air mixture shall be eliminated by means of a residual ozone removal system
(cf. GUV-R 1/474).

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4.4.2 Ozone concentration by mass

4.4.2.1 Calculations based on circulation conditions

The nominal capacity of the ozone plant shall be such that an ozone mass concentration of at least 20 g/Nm3,
in the gas mixture is ensured. Lower ozone concentrations should be avoided since they lead to less efficient
absorption of ozone by the water in the mixing stage.

In addition to the desired reaction between ozone and water constituents, ozone also simultaneously starts
decomposing at a rate dependent on the temperature and pH value of the water. To counteract this effect,
the aim should be to operate the ozone plant at pH values between 7,0 and 7,2. The following minimum
ozone doses corresponding to the nominal capacity of the ozone plant shall be added to the water:

— for water temperatures ≤ 28 °C:

≥ 0,8 g/m3 O3;

— for water temperatures > 28 °C ≤ 32 °C:

≥ 1,0 g/m3 O3;

— for water temperatures > 32 °C ≤ 35 °C:

≥ 1,2 g/m3 O3;

— for water temperatures > 35 °C:

≥ 1,5 g/m3 O3.

4.4.2.2 Special case, rehabilitation of ozone stage: calculations based on proven need

If an ozone stage is being rehabilitated and it can be proved on the basis of documentation in the logbook
that over a period of at least 5 years the formerly determined maximum ozone mass concentration has never
been exceeded and will not be exceeded, even in future use, the rehabilitation calculation for the ozone mass
concentration may be based on this value.

The ozone mass concentration for therapeutic pools shall always be calculated as specified in 4.4.2.1.

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4.4.3 Ozone dosage

Ozone dosage shall be maintained throughout pool opening hours. It shall be ensured that the residual ozone
concentration in the water entering the adsorptive filter media is adequate for the intended purpose. This
promotes the catalytic decomposition of organic compounds on the surface of the activated carbon particles.

Ozone dosages can be reduced, but an ozone concentration of at least 0,3 mg/l shall always be maintained at
the point where the water enters the sorption filter.

As an alternative (except for therapeutic pools), ozone dosing feeders may be controlled in relation to the
combined chlorine concentrations in the pool water as determined by continuous measurement [5].
However, to counteract microbial contamination of the activated carbon filter, the ozone concentration shall
not be allowed to drop below 0,1 mg/l. When the dosage controls are being adjusted, the upper THM limit
value as given in Table 7 shall be observed.

In order to maintain an ozone mass concentration of 20 g/Nm3 in the gaseous phase, ozone dosages should
only be reduced or controlled by reducing the air injection rate. This can lower the demand of dosed air, thus
reducing operating costs [5].

After the ozone has been thoroughly mixed with the water in a reaction vessel protected from corrosion, the
mean reaction time of the dissolved ozone should be at least 3 min [6]. Shorter reaction times are permitted
provided the requirements specified in Tables 1 and 2 of DIN 19643-1:2012-11 are met. In plants serving
therapeutic pools, the reaction time shall be at least 3 min in order to ensure a microbiological barrier effect
on the water being circulated. The residence time in the liquid head compartment of the sorption filter can

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be considered to constitute part of the reaction time.

4.4.4 Testing the ozone plant

The ozone plant is checked for proper functioning by comparing the operating data (voltage, current and gas
flow) with the data recorded in the manufacturer’s inspection and/or acceptance records.

To check whether the ozone dosage is adequate, the ozone concentration in the water directly at the inflow
to the sorption filter shall be measured manually on a daily basis. The ozone concentration shall not be less
than 0,3 mg ozone per litre.

4.5 Flocculation filtration in the process combination flocculation – filtration – ozonation –

sorption filtration – chlorination

4.5.1 General

Destabilized colloids, precipitated and flocculated iron and/or aluminium compounds and coagulated and
encapsulated microorganisms are separated from the water by filtration. The matter retained by filtration is
removed by backwashing the filter.

Filters shall be operated continuously as specified in DIN 19643-1.

Rapid filters as specified in DIN 19605 or precoat filters as specified in DIN 19624 shall be used.

Regardless of the filter system used, suitable measures (covers, dividing walls or similar) shall be in place to
prevent humidity or corrosive substances or substances which are hazardous to human health from entering
the technical equipment room.

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4.5.2 Filtration by rapid filters as specified in DIN 19605

4.5.2.1 Particle size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates

The particle size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates for single-layer filters using sand as described
in DIN EN 12904 shall meet the requirements specified in Table 1.

The particle size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates for multi-layer filters shall meet the
requirements specified in Tables 2 and 3.

In sand layers, the undersize is to be removed from the filter while it is being filled or afterwards.

4.5.2.2 Filtration

Scouring by water flow shall be prevented during filtration. This shall be ensured by suitable design
measures, e. g. by a functionally shaped outlet funnel. The filter bed surface unevenness shall not exceed
5 cm/m filter diameter and a maximum total difference in height of 10 cm. Raw-water inflow shall be
arranged in such a manner as to prevent any horizontal displacement of filter medium while the filter is in
operation.

4.5.2.3 Backwashing single-layer filters and multi-layer filters

Backwashing procedures for single-layer and multi-layer filters shall meet the following requirements:

— The filter bed of the filter media layers shall be adequately expanded.
To backwash a filter, the filter media layer(s) shall be fluidized and expanded by at least 10 % in a
single-layer filter, or at least 20 % in a multi-layer filter, in order to remove substances retained in the
filter, including microorganisms.

— All contaminants shall be completely washed out of the filter media layers.
— Contamination adhering to the filter media particles shall be completely removed.
This can be achieved by flushing the filter with air. Air flushing shall be kept as short as possible to
prevent dirt from being spread into the lower filter layers. The process details shall be jointly agreed

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upon by the operator, planning engineers and manufacturers.

The backwashing procedure shall follow a specified backwashing program and shall not be interrupted.

The actual flow velocities will depend on the combination of materials used and on the filter design. They
shall be specified by the manufacturer and verified on-site, as required. In this context, it is important to note
that higher flow velocities are required for larger particle sizes and higher backwashing water temperatures.

The following guide values are examples for backwashing open-gravity filters and closed single-layer and
multi-layer filters with sand media of particle size ranges 0,71 mm to 1,25 mm and a backwashing water
temperature of up to 28 °C:

— Backwashing program 1 (for single-layer and multi-layer filters)

— 1st phase: Vent the filter and lower the water level to the surface of the filter bed.

— 2nd phase: Flush the filter with air for 1 min to 3 min at an air flow rate of between 60 m/h and
80 m/h.

— 3rd phase: Backwash with water for 4 min to 7 min (depending on requirements) at a water flow
rate of approximately 50 m/h to 65 m/h.

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— 4th phase: Discharge the first filtrate as waste.

— 5th phase: Re-establish water treatment operations.

— Backwashing program 2 (for single-layer filters)

— 1st phase: Vent the filter and lower the water level to the surface of the filter bed.
— 2nd phase: Flush the filter with air for 1 min to 3 min at an air flow rate of approximately 60 m/h to
80 m/h (only necessary if there is an increased risk of caking due to hardened precipitation).
— 3rd phase: Combined air/water backwashing for 3 min to 5 min at an air flow rate of approximately
40 m/h to 70 m/h and a water flow rate of 10 m/h to 25 m/h.
— 4th phase: Backwash with water for 1 min to 7 min at a water flow rate of approximately 50 m/h to
65 m/h (depending on previously determined requirements).
— 5th phase: Discharge the first filtrate as waste, if necessary.
— 6th phase: Re-establish water treatment operations.

When the backwashing process is complete, the filter bed shall be levelled and deaerated.

In order to prevent bacterial contamination and clogging of filter nozzles and filtrate chambers, backwashing
water should be as free of solids as possible. This can be ensured by using backwashing water kept in a
separate tank. However, as an alternative, the backwashing water can be taken directly from the pool or the
raw water tank. If the backwashing water is taken from the raw water tank, this should be done in the
morning hours as the solids and microorganism concentrations are lower at this time. Backwashing water
kept in a separate tank shall be chlorinated to maintain a minimum concentration of 0,5 mg chlorine per litre
in order to prevent bacterial contamination and bio-film formation.

To prevent bacterial contamination of the filter beds, disinfectant should be added to the backwashing water.
A concentration of at least 1 mg chlorine per litre is required for this purpose (or at least 0,6 mg/l ClO2 if
chlorine dioxide is used). In addition, the tank should be rinsed with chlorinated water with a chlorine
concentration of at least 5,0 mg/l (or at least 3,0 mg/l ClO2 if chlorine dioxide is used).

Unhindered flow of the backwashing waste water out of the filter is to be ensured. Local waste
water/sewerage connection regulations shall be observed when discharging the backwashing waste water
into the sewerage system. As an alternative, the waste water can be treated as specified in DIN 19645 and
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then re-used as operating water. Water from lowering the water level and first filtrate water can be fed into
the raw water tank.

Table 1 — Particle size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates for single-layer filters
using filter sand

Parameter Unit Open rapid filters Closed rapid filters

Particle size range mm 0.71 to 1.25
Filter bed height m ≥ 0,9 ≥ 1,2
Freeboard m ≥ 25 % of filter material bed height + 0,2 m
Filtration rate m/h ≤ 12a ≤ 30a
a If the salt concentration is > 6 % mass fraction, then the filtration rate and flocculant dosage and type needed to achieve the
water quality specified in Table 2 of DIN 19643-1:2012-11 shall be determined empirically.

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Table 2 — Particle size range combinations for multi-layer filtersa

Filter media, upper/lower

Unit Open rapid filters Closed rapid filters
layer
0,4 to 0,8 / 0,6 to 1,6
Sand/anthracite mm
0,71 to 1,25 / 1,4 to 2,5
0,4 to 0,8 / 0,6 to 1,6
Sand/pumice mm
0,71 to 1,25 / 1,4 to 2,5
Sand/lignite coke 0,4 to 0,8 / 0,6 to 1,6
mm
(so-called H-material)b 0,71 to 1,25 / 1,4 to 2,5
a Other combinations of filter media and particle size ranges shall be tested experimentally and their effectiveness
shall be proved.
b Depending on its origin, lignite coke may contain more or less iron and manganese, which may be leached into the
water during the initial operating phase.

Table 3 — Filter bed heights and filtration rates for multi-layer filters

Parameter Unit Open rapid filters Closed rapid filters

Sand layer thickness m ≥ 0,6 ≥ 0,6
≥ 0,4 for combinations in
which lower layer is sand of
particle size range 0,4 to
0,8 mm
Filter bed top layer m ≥ 0,6 ≥ 0,6
≥ 0,4 for combinations in
which lower layer is sand of
particle size range 0,4 to
0,8 mm
Freeboard m ≥ 25 % of filter material bed height + 0,2 m
Filtration rate for fresh water
and brackish water with a salt m/h ≤ 15 ≤ 30
content of up to 6 % a
a If the salt concentration is > 6% mass fraction, then the filtration rate and flocculant dosage and type needed to achieve the
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water quality specified in Table 2 of DIN 19643-1:2012-11 shall be determined experimentally.

4.5.3 Testing the filtration

The values specified for the filtrate in Table 7 shall not be be exceeded throughout the whole filtration process.

4.6 Sorption filtration in the process combination flocculation – filtration – ozonation –

sorption filtration – chlorination

4.6.1 General

Sorption filtration is carried out in order to bind organic substances that were not able to be converted
during the reaction time in the reactor, and to then convert them catalytically with ozone on the surface of
the activated carbon. Furthermore, the sorption filtration process separates the residual ozone, chlorine and
chlorine substitution products, destabilized colloids and oxidized matter from the water.

Rapid filters as described in DIN 19605 shall be used for sorption filtration.

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4.6.2 Particle size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates

Sorption filters shall meet the requirements specified in Table 4.

Since the granular activated carbon is constantly consumed by oxidation processes and backwashing, the
filter bed height shall be regularly checked and the granular activated carbon replenished when the bed
height has decreased by 10 %, but at least once a year.

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Table 4 — Particle size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates of sorption filters

Parameter Unit Closed rapid filters

Filter media combination:

– Sand/granular activated carbon mm 0,71 to 1,25 / 1,4 to 2,5

Filter bed heighta

– Bottom layer m ≥ 0,4
– Top layerb ≥ 0,7

Freeboard m ≥ 40 % of filter bed height + 0,2 m

Filtration rate m/h ≤ 50

a These filter bed heights apply to filtration rates of ≤ 50 m/h. If the filtration rates are lower, the filter bed heights may be
reduced. The minimum volume of granular activated carbon shall be 14 l per m³/h and the minimum filter bed height 35 cm.
b The bulk density and the dechlorination capacity of granular activated carbon shall be as specified in DIN EN 15798.
Bulk density: > 450 g/l; half-life for chlorine adsorption: < 10 cm.

4.6.3 Backwashing sorption filters

To backwash a filter, the filter media layers shall be fluidized and expanded by at least 40 % in order to
remove substances retained in the filter, including microorganisms. The backwashing procedure shall follow
a specified backwashing program and shall not be interrupted.

Before backwashing is started, the space above the filter bed shall be free of ozone. Also, the entire volume of
backwashing water required for the process shall be available.

Water containing chlorine or chlorine dioxide (minimum chlorine concentration 1 mg chlorine per litre or
0,6 mg ClO2 per litre) shall be used for every backwashing procedure.

Unhindered drainage of the backwashing waste water shall be ensured, if necessary by providing a tank for
the waste water. When the backwashing process is complete, the filter bed shall be levelled and deaerated.

In order to prevent bacterial contamination and clogging of filter orifices and filtrate chambers, backwashing
water should be as free of solids as possible. This can be ensured by using backwashing water kept in a
separate tank. However, as an alternative, the backwashing water can be taken directly from the pool or the
raw water tank. If the backwashing water is taken from the raw water tank, this should be done in the
morning as the solids and microorganism concentrations are lower at this time. Unhindered drainage of the
backwashing waste water out of the filter is to be ensured. Local waste water/sewerage connection
regulations shall be observed when discharging the backwashing waste water into the sewerage system. As
an alternative, the waste water may be treated as specified in DIN 19645 and then re-used as operating
water. Water from lowering the water level and first filtrate water may be fed into the raw water tank.

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The following are guide values for backwashing granular activated carbon sorption filters with water, using
particle size ranges 1,4 mm to 2,5 mm as an example:

— Backwashing program

— 1st phase: Vent the filter container and lower the water level until it is about 5 cm above the surface of
the filter medium.
— 2nd phase: Backwash with water for 3 min to 6 min at a flow rate of 50 m/h to 65 m/h.
— 3rd phase: Discharge the first filtrate as waste.
— 4th phase: Re-establish water treatment operations.
If the filter is flushed with air (for 1 min to 2 min) before starting the second phase, the filter bed should be
allowed to settle for around 2 min to 3 min in order to expel all air.

The filter shall be backwashed at least once a week. Sorption filters using granular activated carbon media
should be preferably backwashed with water only. Air may be used to flush and loosen the filter bed before
backwashing.

4.6.4 Testing the filtration

The values specified in Table 7 for the filtrate shall be observed throughout the whole filtration process.

If the filter bed becomes contaminated by microbes despite correct filter operation, and the microbiology
parameter values specified in Table 7 are exceeded, the filter shall be disinfected by high-level chlorination
as described in Zusätzliche Desinfektionsmaßnahmen durch Hochchlorung im Bereich der
Badewasseraufbereitung published by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für das Badewesen e. V.

4.7 Multi-layer filtration in the process combination flocculation – ozonation – multi-layer

filtration with sorption effect – chlorination

4.7.1 General

The multi-layer filtration described here uses a granular activated carbon layer to provide the functions of
the filtration described in 4.5 and of the sorption filtration described in 4.6.

Sorption filtration can be effected using open or closed multi-layer granular media filters as specified in
DIN 19605.

4.7.2 Particle size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates

The treatment objectives can be achieved using various filter layer structures. Table 5 shows the possible
variants.

Since the granular activated carbon is constantly consumed by sorption processes and backwashing, the
filter bed height (freeboard height) shall be regularly checked and the granular activated carbon replenished
when the bed height has decreased by 10 %, but at least once a year.

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 DIN 19643-3:2012-11

Table 5 — Particles size ranges, filter bed heights and filtration rates of multi-layer filters with
sorption effect

Open granular
Parameter Unit Closed granular media filters
media filters

Type: A B C D

Filter media combination:

- sand/granular 0,71 to 1,25 /
mm
activated carbona 0,6 to 2,4

- sand/granular 0,4 to 0,8 / 0,71 to 1,25 /

activated carbona/ mm 0,6 to 2,4 / 0,6 to 2,4 /
pumice 0,6 to 1,6 1,4 to 2,5

Filter bed heights

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Sand m ≥ 1,0 ≥ 0,5 ≥ 0,4 ≥ 0,4

Granular activated m ≥ 0,15 ≥ 0,4 ≥ 0,4b ≥ 0,3b

carbon
Pumice m – – ≥ 0,3b ≥ 0,5b

Freeboard m ≥ 25 % of the filter ≥ 40% of the filter bed height + 0,2 m

bed height + 0,2 m
Filtration rate for
fresh water and
brackish water with a m/h ≤ 12 ≤ 30
salt contentc of up to
6%
a The bulk density and the dechlorination capacity of granular activated carbon shall be as specified in DIN EN 15798.
Compacted density: > 450 g/l; half-life for chlorine adsorption: < 10 cm. Total surface area (BET method as described in
DIN ISO 9277) > 900 m²/g.
b Filter bed height for determining the quantity of material required to fill the filter. When filling media into the filter, observe the
different soaking times required. The pumice and granular activated carbon are mixed and form a single layer when the filter is
backwashed. The proportion of pumice of particle size range 0,8 to 1,5 mm in the upper part of the mixed layer increases
considerably and protects the granular activated carbon underneath.
c If the salt concentration is > 6% mass fraction, then the filtration rate and flocculant dosage and type needed to achieve the
water quality specified in Table 2 of DIN 19643-1:2012-11 shall be determined experimentally.

4.7.3 Backwashing multi-layer filters with sorption effect

To backwash a filter, the filter media layers shall be fluidized and expanded by at least 25 % (type A) or at
least 40 % (types B, C and D) in order to remove substances retained in the filter, including microorganisms.
The backwashing procedure shall follow a specified backwashing program and shall not be interrupted.

Before backwashing is started, the space above the filter bed shall be free of ozone. Also, the entire volume of
backwashing water required for the process shall be available.

Water containing chlorine or chlorine dioxide (minimum chlorine concentration 1 mg chlorine per litre or
0,6 mg ClO2 per litre) shall be used for every backwashing procedure.

Unhindered drainage of the backwashing waste water shall be ensured, if necessary by providing a tank for
the waste water. When the backwashing process is complete, the filter bed shall be levelled and deaerated.

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In order to prevent bacterial contamination and clogging of filter orifices and filtrate chambers, backwashing
water should be as free of solids as possible. This can be ensured by using backwashing water kept in a
separate tank. However, as an alternative, the backwashing water can be taken from the pool or the raw
water tank. If the backwashing water is taken directly from the raw water tank, this should be done in the
morning as the solids and microorganism concentrations are lower at this time.

Unhindered drainage of the backwashing waste water out of the filter is to be ensured. Local waste
water/sewerage connection regulations shall be observed when discharging the backwashing waste water
into the sewerage system. As an alternative, the waste water can be treated as specified in DIN 19645 and
then re-used as operating water. Water from lowering the water level and first filtrate water can be fed into
the raw water tank.

Table 6 — Backwashing program for multi-layer filters with sorption effect as listed in Table 5
Phase Medium designation Flow rate, Time (minutes)
m/h
Type A Type B Type C Type D
1 Switch off ozone – +a +a +a +a
generation and wait for
the liquid-head
compartment of the filter
to become ozone-free.
2 Lower water level to the – +a – – –
rim of the sludge gutter.

3 Preliminary backwashing ≥ 40 3 – – –
with water.
4 Lower water level to the – +a +a +a +a
top surface of the filter
medium.
5 Flush with air. ≥ 60 3 3 –b –b
6 Deaerate the filter – +a – – –
bottom.
7 Backwash with water c
- at 25 °C and MCd with
sand 0,4 to 0,8 40 to 45e – – 6 –
- at 25 °C and MCd with 50 to 65e 3 6 – 6
sand 0,71 to 1,25.
8 Discard first filtrate (at – +a +a +a +a
least equal to a complete
filter bed volume).
9 Re-establish water – +a +a +a +a
treatment operations.
a The time is to be determined on a case-to-case basis.
b The filter can be flushed with air in order to loosen the filter bed more effectively, whereby the resulting higher loss of granular
activated-carbon and pumice shall be taken into account.
c See [1] for a method of converting these values for other temperatures and particle sizes.
d MC: filter media combinations.
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e The backwashing flow rate shall only be reduced by 10 % to handle easily displaced filter media if the bed expansion and
fluidization specified in the first paragraph of this clause are achieved.

The filter shall be backwashed at least once a week. Combined air/water backwashing shall only be used if
the filter manufacturer’s instructions require this method.

The program for carrying out the individual backwashing phases shall be run according to the filter plant
designer’s instructions.

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4.7.4 Testing the filtration

The values specified in Table 7 for the filtrate shall be observed throughout the whole filtration process.

If the filter bed becomes contaminated by microbes despite correct filter operation, and the microbiology
parameter values specified in Table 7 are exceeded, the filter shall be disinfected by high-level chlorination
as described in Zusätzliche Desinfektionsmaßnahmen durch Hochchlorung im Bereich der
Badewasseraufbereitung published by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für das Badewesen e. V.

4.8 Testing the flocculation filtration and sorption filtration

The requirements specified in Table 7 for the corresponding type of filter shall be used when testing
filtration plants in accordance with 4.5.3, 4.6.4 and 4.7.4.

Table 7 — Values specified for testing filtration

Subclause as in Parameter Unit Upper Testing filtration in

Tables 1 and 2 of limit accordance with
DIN 19643-1:2012-11
4.5.3 4.6.4 4.7.4
5.3.1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa CFU/100 ml 0 — X X
5.3.2 Escherichia coli CFU/100 ml 0 — X X
5.3.3 Legionella spec. CFU/100 ml 0a — X X
5.3.4 Colony-forming units (CFU) at CFU/ml 100 — X X
(36 ± 1) °C
5.3.6 Turbidity FNUb 0,1 X — X
5.3.7 Aluminiumc mg/l 0,05 X — X

5.3.8 Iron c mg/l 0,02 X — X

5.3.13 Oxidizability by Mn VII → II above mg/l 0,5
that of filling waterd (possibly the
value obtained by mixing primary
and secondary filling water)
expressed as O2 X — X

Consumption of KMnO4 above that mg/l 2

of filling waterd (possibly the value
obtained by mixing primary and
secondary filling water) expressed
as KMnO4
5.3.16 Combined chlorinee, f, g, calculated mg/l 0,1 — X X
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as the difference between total

chlorine content and free chlorine
content
5.3.17 Trihalomethanes (THM) calculated mg/l 0,02 — X X
as chloroform contente, h, g
5.3.20 Arsenic i mg/l 0,2 X — X
— Ozone j mg/l 0,050 — X X
— Orthoposphate (as P)k mg/l 0,030 X — X

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Table 7 (continued)
a If the upper limit value is exceeded, corrective measures shall be taken as a function of the detected legionella concentrations
(see Tables 7 and 8 of DIN 19643-1:2012-11).
b FNU (Formazine Nephelometric Unit) is a unit used to quantify turbidity as described in DIN EN ISO 7027.
c Only if the corresponding additives are used.
d If the oxidizability of the filtrate of the system without bather load is lower than that of the filling water (or of the value of the
mixture of primary and secondary filling water), this lower value shall be taken as the reference value. However, if the
oxidizability of the filling water is lower than 0,5 mg/l O2, i.e. lower than 2 mg/l KMnO4, these values shall be used as reference
values instead.
e Does not apply to cold-water plunge pools with ≤ 2 m³ through which filling water flows continuously.
f In the case of water containing bromides and iodides, free and combined bromine or iodine shall be expressed as chlorine.
g Values occasionally exceeding the upper limit by up to 20 % (including measurement uncertainty) can be tolerated in the
evaluation.
h Calculated as chloroform (CHCl3): THM = A + 0,728 ⋅ B + 0,574 ⋅ C + 0,472 ⋅ D, where A = mg/l CHCI3; B = mg/l CHBrCI2;
C = mg/l CHBr2CI; D = mg/l CHBr3.
i Only where the filling water contains arsenic.
j Determination of ozone as well as chlorine as described by Palin, A.T.: Analytical Control of Water Disinfection with special
Reference to differential DPD Methods for Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Bromine, Iodine, and Ozone.
k The methods described in the following standards are permitted as reference methods: DIN EN ISO 6878, DIN EN ISO 10304-1,
DIN EN ISO 15681-1 and DIN EN ISO 15681-2.

4.9 Chlorination

4.9.1 General

For the chlorination dosage the specifications given in DIN 19643-1 apply.

Here, however, the design calculations for disinfectant dosage shall be based on a treatment flow rate for
k = 0,6 m-3, thus deviating from the value given in DIN 19643-1.

4.9.2 Chlorine concentration

The specified range of free chlorine concentration in pool water also deviates from the values stated in
DIN 19643-1 and shall be:

a) generally: 0,2 mg/l to 0,5 mg/I;

b) for spa pools (bubbling pools): 0,7 mg/l to 1,0 mg/I.

5 Load capacity factor, k

When using the process combination described here, a load capacity factor of not more than k = 0,6 m-3 shall
be used to calculate the flow rate as described in DIN 19643-1.

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Annex A
(informative)

Simplified representation of some process combinations (examples)

Key
1 Pool
2 Raw water tank
3 Acid neutralizing capacity adjustment
4 pH value adjustment
5 Addition of flocculant
6 Filter
7 Ozone injection system
8 Reaction vessel
9 Sorption vessel
10 Ozone off-gas filter
11 Backwashing water, addition of chlorine or chlorine dioxide
12 Backwashing waste water
13 Addition of chlorine

Figure A.1 — Simplified diagram of the process combination flocculation – filtration – ozonation –
sorption filtration – chlorination

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 DIN 19643-3:2012-11

Key
1 Pool
2 Raw water tank
3 Acid neutralizing capacity adjustment
4 pH value adjustment
5 Addition of flocculant
6 Ozone injection system
7 Reaction vessel
8 Ozone off-gas filter
9 Multi-layer filter with sorption effect
10 Addition of chlorine
11 Backwashing water, addition of chlorine or chlorine dioxide
12 Backwashing waste water
--`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`,,````,`,,`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Figure A.2 — Simplified diagram of the process combination flocculation – ozonation –

multi-layer filtration with sorption effect – chlorination
(pressurized ozone reaction vessel)

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 DIN 19643-3:2012-11
--`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`,,````,`,,`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Key
1 Pool
2 Raw water tank and reaction vessel
3 Acid neutralizing capacity adjustment
4 pH value adjustment
5 Addition of flocculant
6 Ozone injection system
7 Multi-layer filter with sorption effect
8 Ozone off-gas filter
9 Backwashing water tank
10 Chlorine or chlorine dioxide
11 Backwashing water
12 Backwashing waste water
13 Addition of chlorine

Figure A.3 — Simplified diagram of the process combination flocculation – ozonation –

multi-layer filtration with sorption effect – chlorination
(ozone reaction vessel at atmospheric pressure)

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Bibliography

[1] Moll, H.-G., Die Bettausdehnung bei der Filterspülung (Filter bed expansion during backwashing); Archiv
des Badewesens 45, 1992, p. 30

[2] GUV-R 1/474, Richtlinien für die Verwendung von Ozon zur Wasseraufbereitung 3) (Guidelines for the use
of ozone for water treatment processes)

[3] Blankenfeld, D., Kurzmann, G. E. and Leitzke., O., Das Lösen von Ozon in Wasser (Dissolving ozone in
water), Bbr 38, 1987, p. 8

[4] Maier, D., Gilbert, E. and Kurzmann, G. E., Wasserozonung in der Praxis (Ozonation of water in practical
applications), Vulkan-Verlag

[5] Hoffmann, Matthias, Wirtschaftlicher Betrieb von Ozonanlagen (Economical operation of ozone plants),
Archiv des Badewesens 01/2010, pp. 38-43

[6] Hoffmann, Matthias, Ozon-Verfahren mit kurzer Reaktionszeit (Ozone processes with short reaction
times), Archiv des Badewesens 01/2012, pp. 37-42
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3) Obtainable from: accident insurance company responsible for installation (Internet: http://www.arbeitssicherheit.de or
http://www.dguv.de/publikationen).

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