NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers - common cases

 NCCI: Effective
Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters
parameters for beams
beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU

NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters

for beams
beams and cantil evers
evers - comm on cases
This NCCI presents values for the effective length parameter k and the destabilizing
 parameter D for beams and cantilevers
cantilevers with or without intermediate lateral restraints,
restraints, for
use with NCCI document SN002.

Contents
1. General 2

2. Destabilizing load condition 2

3. Simple beams without intermediate restraint 2

4. Simple beams with intermediate lateral restraint 3

   t
  n
  e
  m 5. Cantilevers without intermediate restraints 4
  e
  e
  r
  g
   A
  e
  c
6. Cantilevers with intermediate lateral restraints 4
  n
  e
  c
   i
   L
   l
  e
  e
   t
   S
  s
  s
  e
  c
  c
   A
  e
   h
   t
   f
  o
  s
  n
  o
   i
   t
   i
   d
  n
  o
  c
   d
  n
  a
  s
  m
  r
  e
   t
  e
   h
   t
  o
   t
   t
  c
  e
   j
   b
  u
  s
  s
   i
   t
  n
  e
  m
  u
  c
  o
   d
  s
   i
   h
   t
   f
  o
  e
  s
   U
 .
   d
  e
  v
  r
  e
  s
  e
  r
   3  s
   1   t
   0   h
   2   i
  g
 ,   r
   0   l
   l
   3  a
  y  -
  a   t
   M   h
  g
 ,   i
  y  r
  a  y
   d  p
  o
  s
  r   c
  u  s
   h   i
   l
   T   a
  n   i
  r
  o   t
  e
   d  a
  e
   t   m
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers - common cases

 NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU

1. General
The general expression for non-dimensional slenderness, λ  LT is given by:

W  
 y . f  
 y 
 λ LT = which, as shown in SN002, may also be expressed as:
M  cr 

1
 λ LT =  λ z  β w
UVD 
C 1

Where

D is a parameter to allow for the effect of destabilising loads

λ z 
 λ z =

λ 1

   t
  n
  e
  m
and
  e
  e
  r
  g
   A
  e kL
  c
  n λ z =  in which
  e
  c
   i iz
   L
   l
  e
  e
   t
   S  L for a beam is the distance between points of restraint to the compression flange
  s
  s
  e
  c
  c for a cantilever is the length of the cantilever
   A
  e
   h
   t
   f
  o
  s
k  is the effective length parameter dependant on the restraint conditions at the supports
  n
  o
   i
   t
   i
   d and expressions for the other parameters are given in SN002.
  n
  o
  c
   d
  n
  a
  s
  m
  r
  e
   t
2. Destabil izing load condition
  e
   h
   t
  o
   t
   t
  c
The destabilizing load condition should be taken into account where a load is applied to the
  e
   j
   b
  u top flange of a beam or cantilever, and both the load and the flange are free to deflect laterally
  s
  s
   i
   t
and relative to the shear centre of the cross section (i.e. rotational movements).
  n
  e
  m
  u
  c
  o
   d
  s
   i
   h
   t
   f
3. Simple beams without int ermediate restraint
  o
  e
  s
   U
 .
   d
The effective length parameter, k for lateral-torsional buckling of a simple beam with
  e
  v
  r
  e
restraints at the ends only, may be obtained from Table 4.1. If the restraint conditions at each
  s
  e
  r
   3  s
end differ, the mean value of k should be taken.
   1   t
   0   h
   2   i
  g
 ,   r
   0   l
   l
   3  a For the destabilizing load condition, the destabilizing parameter D should be taken as 1,2
  y  -
  a   t
   M   h
  g
otherwise D should be taken as 1,0.
 ,   i
  y  r
  a  y
   d  p
  o
  s
  r   c
  u  s
   h   i
   l
   T   a
  n   i
  r
  o   t
  e
   d  a
  e
   t   m
  a  s
  e   i
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers - common cases

 NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU

The conditions of restraint against rotation on plan of flanges at member supports should be
assessed taking into account the stiffness of the connections as well as the stiffness of the
supporting members or other construction supplying restraint at the supports.

4. Simple beams wit h intermediate lateral restraint

The effective length parameter, k, for lateral torsional buckling of a simple beam with
intermediate restraints should be taken as 1,0.

For the destabilizing load condition, the destabilizing parameter D should be taken as 1,2
otherwise D should be taken as 1.0.

For the segment between a support and the adjacent intermediate lateral restraint, account
should be taken of the restraint conditions at the support. The effective length parameter k
should be taken as the mean of the value given above and the value given by Table 4.1 for the
restraint conditions at the support.

   t
  n
  e
  m
  e Table 4.1  Effective length parameter, k
  e
  r
  g
   A
  e
  c
  n
Conditions of restraint at supports K
  e
  c
   i
   L
   l
  e Compression flange Both flanges fully restrained against rotation 0,7
  e
   t
   S laterally restrained. on plan.
  s
  s
  e
  c
Nominal torsional restraint Compression flange fully restrained against 0,75
  c against rotation about
   A rotation on plan.
  e longitudinal axis.
   h
   t
   f
  o Both flanges partially restrained against 0,8
  s
  n
  o
rotation on plan.
   i
   t
   i
   d
  n
  o
Compression flange partially restrained 0,85
  c
   d against rotation on plan.
  n
  a
  s Both flanges free to rotate on plan. 1,0
  m
  r
  e
   t
  e
   h
   t
  o
   t
   t
  c
  e
   j
   b
  u
  s
  s
   i
   t
  n
  e
  m
  u
  c
  o
   d
  s
   i
   h
   t
   f
  o
  e
  s
   U
 .
   d
  e
  v
  r
  e
  s
  e
  r
   3  s
   1   t
   0   h
   2   i
  g
 ,   r
   0   l
   l
   3  a
  y  -
  a   t
   M   h
  g
 ,   i
  y  r
  a  y
   d  p
  o
  s
  r   c
  u  s
   h   i
   l
   T   a
  n   i
  r
  o   t
  e
   d  a
  e
   t   m
  a  s
  e   i
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers - common cases

 NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU

5. Cantilevers without intermediate restraints

The effective length parameter k for lateral-torsional buckling of a cantilever with moment
continuity, lateral and torsional restraint at the support (the common case) and with no
intermediate lateral restraint may be obtained from Table 6.1.

For all other support conditions k and D should be obtained from Annex A and L should be
taken as the length of the cantilever. For the destabilizing load condition, k and D should be
obtained from Annex A and L should be taken as the length of the cantilever, unless the top
flange also has intermediate restraints.

If a bending moment is applied at its tip the effective length parameter k from Table 6.1 or
Annex A should be increased by 30% or by 0.3, whichever is the greater.

6. Cantilevers with intermediate lateral restraints

   t
  n
  e Provided that the end restraint conditions correspond with Table 6.1 and the load is not
  m
  e
  e
  r destabilising, the effective length parameter k for lateral torsional buckling of a cantilever
  g
   A
  e
with intermediate restraints to its compression flange should be taken as 1.0, and L should be
  c
  n
  e
  c
taken as the length of the relevant segment between adjacent lateral restraints.
   i
   L
   l
  e
  e
   t
   S
  s
  s
  e
  c
  c
   A
  e
   h
   t
   f
  o
  s
  n
  o
   i
   t
   i
   d
  n
  o
  c
   d
  n
  a
  s
  m
  r
  e
   t
  e
   h
   t
  o
   t
   t
  c
  e
   j
   b
  u
  s
  s
   i
   t
  n
  e
  m
  u
  c
  o
   d
  s
   i
   h
   t
   f
  o
  e
  s
   U
 .
   d
  e
  v
  r
  e
  s
  e
  r
   3  s
   1   t
   0   h
   2   i
  g
 ,   r
   0   l
   l
   3  a
  y  -
  a   t
   M   h
  g
 ,   i
  y  r
  a  y
   d  p
  o
  s
  r   c
  u  s
   h   i
   l
   T   a
  n   i
  r
  o   t
  e
   d  a
  e
   t   m
  a  s
  e   i
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers - common cases

 NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU

Table 6.1  Effective length parameter k and destabilizing parameter D for a cantilever without
intermediate restraint, with effective restraint at the support.
Restraint to cantilever tips k D
1) Free 1,0 2,5
2) Lateral restraint to top flange 0,9 2,8

3) Torsional restraint 0,8 1,9

4) Internal and torsional restraint 0,7 1,7

   t
  n
  e
  m
  e
  e
  r
  g
   A
  e
  c
  n
  e
  c
   i
   L
   l
  e
  e
   t
   S
  s
  s
  e
  c
  c
   A
  e Examples of restraints to cantilever suppo rts, all providi ng effective moment continuity and lateral and
   h
   t
   f torsional restraint
  o
  s Cantilevered beam continuous over supporting beam,
  n
  o
   i
   t
   i with lateral and torsional restraint.
   d
  n
  o
  c
   d
  n
  a
  s
  m
  r
  e
   t
  e
   h
   t
  o
   t
   t
  c
  e
   j
   b
  u
  s
  s
   i
Discontinuous cantilever, at same level as continuous
   t
  n supporting beam
  e
  m
  u
  c
  o
   d
  s
   i
   h
   t
   f
  o
  e
  s
   U
 .
   d
  e
  v
  r
  e
  s
Cantilever supported from flange of column
  e
  r
   3  s
   1   t
   0   h
   2   i
  g
 ,   r
   0   l
   l
   3  a
  y  -
  a   t
   M   h
  g
 ,   i
  y  r
  a  y
   d  p
  o
  s
  r   c
  u  s
   h   i
   l
   T   a
  n   i
  r
  o   t
  e
   d  a
  e
   t   m
  a  s
  e   i
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers - common cases

 NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU

 Annex A: Effective length parameter k and destabilising D for cantilevers without intermediate
 restraint, for a range of restraints at the support.
Restraint condition s k D
 At supp or t At ti p
a) Continuous, with lateral 1) Free 3,0 2,5
restraint to top flange 2) Lateral restraint to 2,7 2,8
top flange
3) Torsional restraint 2,4 1,9
4) Lateral and torsional 2,1 1,7
restraint

b) Continuous, with partial 1) Free 2,0 2,5

torsional restraint 2) Lateral restraint to 1,8 2,8
top flange   1,9
3) Torsional restraint 1,6 1,7
4) Lateral and torsional 1,4
restraint
   t
  n
  e
  m L
  e
  e
  r
  g
   A
  e
  c c) Continuous, with lateral 1) Free 1,0 2,5
  n
  e
  c
and torsional restraint 2) Lateral restraint to 0,9 2,8
   i
   L
   l
  e
top flange
  e
   t
   S 3) Torsional restraint 0,8 1,9
  s
  s
  e
  c
4) Lateral and torsional 0,7 1,7
  c
   A restraint
  e
   h
   t
   f
  o
  s
  n L
  o
   i
   t
   i
   d
  n
  o d) Restrained laterally, 1) Free 0,8 1,75
  c
   d torsionally and against
  n 2) Lateral restraint to 0,7 2,0
  a
  s rotation on plan top flange
  m
  r
  e
   t
  e
3) Torsional restraint 0,6 1,0
   h
   t
  o
   t
4) Lateral and torsional 0,5 1,0
   t restraint
  c
  e
   j
   b
  u
  s
  s
   i
   t
  n
  e
  m
  u L
  c
  o
   d
  s
   i
   h
   t
   f Tip restraint condition s
  o
  e
  s 1) Free 2) Lateral restraint to 3) Torsional restraint 4) Lateral and torsional
   U
 .
   d (not braced on plan) top flange restraint
  e
  v
  r
  e
  s
  e
  r
   3  s
   1   t
   0   h
   2   i
  g
 ,   r
   0   l
   l
   3  a
  y  -
  a   t
   M   h
  g
 ,   i
  y  r
  a  y
   d  p
  o
  s
  r   c
  u  s (braced on plan in at
   h   i
   l (not braced on plan) (braced on plan in at least
   T   a
  n   i
  r least one bay) one bay)
  o   t
  e
   d  a
  e
   t   m
  a  s
  e   i
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers - common cases

 NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU

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Reference(s)

ORIGINAL DOCUMENT

Name Compan y Date

Created b y James Way The Steel Construction 22/4/05

Institute

Technical cont ent checked by Charles King The Steel Construction 11/5/05
Institute

Editorial content checked by

Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
   t
  n 1. UK G W Owens SCI 7/7/05
  e
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  g 2. France  A Bureau CTICM 17/8/05
   A
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  n 3. Sweden  A Olsson SBI 8/8/05
  e
  c
   i
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   l 4. Germany C Muller RWTH 10/8/05
  e
  e
   t
   S
  s
  s 5. Spain J Chica Labein 12/8/05
  e
  c
  c
   A Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 25/4/06
  e
   h
   t Coordinator
   f
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  o
   i
   t
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
   i
   d
  n
  o
  c This Translation made and checked by:
   d
  n
  a
  s Translated resource approved by:
  m
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   t
  e
   h
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   t
   t
  c
  e
   j
   b
  u Corrig endum 26/02/08
  s
  s
   i
   t Reference to SN002 corrected
  n
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  c
  o
   d
  s
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   U
 .
   d
  e
  v
  r
  e
  s
  e
  r
   3  s
   1   t
   0   h
   2   i
  g
 ,   r
   0   l
   l
   3  a
  y  -
  a   t
   M   h
  g
 ,   i
  y  r
  a  y
   d  p
  o
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   h   i
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