MASS, DISTANCE, SS TRA TH eT greater Understanding the effects of mass and distance help you understand why objects on gravity w h rather than toward each other. Imagine However, both you and the building are standing on Earth, which is far more massive gravity is so much stronger that it has much more gravitational pull on you and the building you and the building have on each other. gravitational pull between you and the building goes unnoticed. This is true of a On Barth, an object’s mass is me weight. The greater the mass of an more the force of Barth's gravity pulls on it and, therefore, the more it weighs. W Scanned with CamScannerIfyou were in space, twice as far from the center of Earth {8s you are now, the gravitational pull would be one-quarter ‘9s strong. You would still have the same mass, but you ‘would weigh one-quarter as much as you do en Earth, Farth seems huge to us, but the Sun has much more mass than Earth or anything else in our solar system. As a result, it has enough gravitational pull to keep all the planets from flying off int space. Instead, they all orbit the Sun. Remember, both mass and d important aspects of gravity. So’ a greater gravitational pull between your gravitational cc Friction Friction is an invisible force that slows down, Friction changes motion energy to moving thir heat energy: A friction, it ha less motion energy, So it slows down. s an object gains heat energy due to The most familiar kind of friction friction, When you rub your hands together f they create sliding friction, which produces heat energy. That’s why your skin warms up. another kind ball experiences 2 Anolling bowling, of friction—rolling friction. Rolling friction will slow downa moving object, but not as quickly ass friction. If you shove a heavy ‘box across the floor, it will soon p slow down due to sliding f friction, But if you place rollers under the box, it will move B farther whens rolling reduces friction hoved since Rough surlaces exert more {riclion against each other than smooth surfaces do. Pulling @ lubricant such as all or grease belween hwo surfaces will reduce friction, Scanned with CamScannerAnother kind of friction, luid friction, occurs when an object moves in contact with a fluid, such as water or air. It is easier to move your Singer through water than honey because honey creates more fluid friction than water. Engineers design 5) displaces to reduce thedrag I caused by fluid friction with the air. Fluid nection can help objects ; move more easily, such Se as a puck floating 2 onair in an air hockey game. However, objects experiencing fluid friction will slow down and eventually come to a stop. Think About it Imagine thot you wanted fo race your friends down a snowy hill How could thinking ‘abou! friction help you win the race? Magnetism Magnetism is a force that can push or pull objects made of certain metals, such as iron Magnets also push and pull each other Magnetism Magnetic Field s Around a Magnet can act on objects without even touching them How? A magnet is surrounded by invisible lines of force that enter and leave at opposite a < magnet. When a magnetic yy object enters the magnetic field, itis attracted to the magnet. Each magnet has a north and south pole. A magnet’s force is strongest near its poles. Two opposite poles attract each other, but two of the same poles repel, or push each other away. - SI s aad iho wal Opposite poles attract. Like poles repel, 18 Scanned with CamScannersae through wires. Magnets can make electricity move through a wire. Large machines called generators use magnets to produce electricity in power plants. On the other hand, electricity can turn some metals into magnets. Electricity and magnetism are actually both part of a single force called electromagnetism. ¢ i What would happen ttt fate paper clips aba eae touching th battery? ee Scanned with CamScanner