Listing all files and folder presents in current folder # ls
Listing all files and folder in reverse order # ls –r Listing all files and folder in Long Listing Format # ls –l Listing last modified files and folder # ls –t Listing hidden files and Folders # ls –a Listing hidden files and folders excepts .(Dot) Folders # ls –A Listing data by their type # ls –F Listing files and folders with disabling the colors # ls –f Listing files and folders with their respective inode number # ls –i Listing files and folder in Recursive format # ls –R Listing the files and folder with their respective size # ls –s Listing files and folders in human readable form # ls –h Listing all files and folders with disable color and by file type # ls –fF Read content of file using cat command # cat 0< filename Read content of file with line numbers # cat –n filename Read content of file and skip the blank line number to print # cat –b filename Read content of multiple files simultaneously # cat file1 file2 Create a new file with some content (Save : CTRL + D) # cat > filename Append some extra data to an existing file # cat >> filename Copy content of one file to another # cat file1 > file2 Append content of one file to another # cat file1 >> file2 Copy of content of multiple files to a single file # cat File1 File2 > file3 View content of file in vertical Reverse order # tac filename View content of file in horizontal Reverse order # rev filename View First 10 Lines of the file # head –n 10 filename # head -10 filename View content of file except last 10 lines # head –n -10 filename View n numbers of characters of a file # head –c n filename View n numbers of characters except last n number of characters # head –c –n filename View Last 10 Lines of the file # tail –n 10 filename # tail -10 filename View Last n number of characters of the file # tail –c n filename View content of file in range of lines [a-b] # head –b filename | tail b-a+1 From 3rd to 7th Line # head -7 filename | tail -5 From 45th to 90th Line # head -90 filename | tail -46 From 15th to 23rd Line # head -23 filename | tail -9
Count Number of Lines in a file # wc –l filename
Count Number of Characters in a file # wc –c filename Count Number of Words in a file # wc –w filename Count Number of Lines, words, Characters in a file # wc filename Count Number of Lines and Words in file # wc –lw filename Count Number of Lines and Characters in a file # wc –lc filename Count Number of Words and Characters in a file # wc –wc filename Print Number of characters present in longest line # wc –L filename
Redirect the output of ls command to a file # ls > filename
Redirect the output of cal command to an existing file # cal >> filename Write to a file using cat command and redirection # cat > filename Append to a file using cat command and redirection # cat >> filename Show standard output for ls command to a file # ls 1> filename Show standard output for ls command to a file as appending # ls 1>> filename Redirect standard errors to a file not to terminal # cal linux 2> error Redirect standard errors to an existing file # cal linux 2>> error Redirect standard input from terminal to a file # cat 0< filename Redirect standard input and standard output from/to a file # cat 0< input 1> output Read input from a.txt and write output to b.txt, and if error comes then write to c.txt # cat 0< a.txt 1> b.txt 2> c.txt Redirect standard output and error to a common file # cat a.txt 1> o.txt 2> o.txt # cat a.txt &> o.txt Append standard output and error to a common file # cat a.txt &>> o.txt How to see current Terminal Number or TTY # tty Redirect standard output from one terminal to another terminal # ls 1> /dev/pts/1