CS158-2 Activity #1

Donato, Kyla D. June 3, 2022

Instructions:
Answer the following questions in less than 200 words each.

1. Read Turing’s original paper on AI (Turing, 1950). In the paper, he discusses several objections to his
proposed enterprise and his test for intelligence.

a. (25 pts) Which objections still carry weight? Are his refutations valid? Can you think of new
objections arising from developments since he wrote the paper?

Turing addressed the problem of machine intelligence, or the fact that computers are incapable
of thinking, in his paper on AI published in 1950. He researched and considered the possibility of
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and considered various objections. Theological and theoretical
objections are invalid because they are not real, and the computers are programmed. Lady
Lovelace's objection is one of the valid refutations for me because, as previously stated, an AI is
limited depending on how it is programmed; and, while it can adapt, it cannot produce a unique
response.

The Chimpanzee Objection is another objection that has arisen since he wrote the paper.
According to this refutation, most animals can think and act appropriately to some extent.
Applying the Turing test to an animal will not provide conclusive results. Another is the Simulation
Objection, which states that, similarly to the Chimpanzee Objection, simply passing the Turing test
does not imply that the AI is intelligent because the Turing test is based on text.

b. (25 pts) In the paper, he predicts that, by the year 2000, a computer will have a 30% chance of
passing a five-minute Turing Test with an unskilled interrogator. What chance do you think a
computer would have today? In another 50 years?

The 30% chance of passing a five-minute Turing Test with an unskilled interrogator simply
demonstrates the possibility of the unskilled interrogator fooling the skilled interrogator. In the
Loebner prize competition in 2002, one candidate managed to fool one of the judges. Unless you
read the transcript, it's difficult to imagine what that judge was thinking. Some examples include
chatbots and other online agents that deceive humans. With how quickly our technology,
particularly Artificial Intelligence development, is advancing, there is no doubt that more credible
impersonators will be created in 50 years. To accomplish this, the entertainment industry must
invest sufficiently in artificial actors.

2. (25 pts) Suppose we extend Evans’s ANALOGY program so that it can score 200 on a standard IQ test.
Would we then have a program more intelligent than a human? Explain.

No, it would simply indicate that the ANALOGY program is exceptionally adept at administering IQ tests.
The IQ test is used to determine human intelligence and creating a program that is very good at just one
part of the IQ test does not necessarily make that program intelligent outside of what it is intelligent at
 doing, regardless of how well it scores on the test. The program was designed to perform well on the IQ
test, so scoring a 200 on the IQ test simply means that it does what it was designed to do. Comparing a
human to a machine will reveal similarities, but they are ultimately distinct entities.

3. (25 pts) Is AI a science, or is it engineering? Or neither or both? Explain.

Artificial intelligence is a science as well as an engineering discipline. Artificial intelligence tries to mimic
how the human brain works. As a result, it combines the science of how the human brain works with the
engineering of machines. Furthermore, AI is all about replicating how your brain processes information via
millions of neurons. It entails both science and engineering. As part of science, it takes concepts and
understanding of human brain working methodologies and implements them in machines to make them
work.