CSMA - Carrier Sense Multiple Access

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access

FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-fdma-tdma-and-cdma/

Linux Developer : Linus Torvalds

Wireshark
free and open-source packet analyzer.
Written in C, C++
that can intercept and log traffic that passes over a computer network or
part of a network.

1. Intranet :
Intranet is owned by a single organization and is a tool for sharing
information throughout the organization.It is the type of Internet that is used
privately. Since, intranet is a private network so no one can use the intranet
whose have not valid username and password. In intranet, there are a
limited number of connected devices as compared to the internet. Intranet
is highly secure and has a small number of visitors. It is used in order to get
employee information, telephone directory etc.
2. Extranet :
Extranet is owned by either a single or a many organizations. It is managed
on a contractual basis between organizations and is a tool for sharing
information between the internal members and external members. Like
intranet, it is also a private network so only those who have a valid
username and password can use the extranet. Extranet is used to check
status, access data, send mail, place orders etc.
IP Address classes

NetAnim is an offline animator based on the Qt toolkit. It currently

animates the simulation using an XML trace file collected during simulation.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-network-topology/

Mesh Topology:
In a mesh topology, every device is connected to another device via a
particular channel. In Mesh Topology, the protocols used are AHCP (Ad
Hoc Configuration Protocols), DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol), etc.

Star Topology:
In star topology, all the devices are connected to a single hub through a
cable. This hub is the central node and all other nodes are connected to the
central node. The hub can be passive in nature i.e., not an intelligent hub
such as broadcasting devices, at the same time the hub can be intelligent
known as an active hub. Active hubs have repeaters in them. In Star
Topology, many popular Ethernet LAN protocols are used as CD(Collision
Detection), CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access), etc.

Bus Topology:
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network
device is connected to a single cable. It transmits the data from one end to
another in a single direction. No bi-directional feature is in bus topology. It
is a multi-point connection and a non-robust topology because if the
backbone fails the topology crashes. In Bus Topology, various MAC (Media
Access Control) protocols are followed by LAN ethernet connections like
TDMA, Pure Aloha, CDMA, Slotted Aloha, etc.

Tree Topology :
This topology is the variation of the Star topology. This topology has a
hierarchical flow of data. In Tree Topology, SAC (Standard Automatic
Configuration ) protocols like DHCP and SAC are used.

This topology technology is the combination of all the various types of

topologies we have studied above. It is used when the nodes are free to
take any form. It means these can be individuals such as Ring or Star
topology or can be a combination of various types of topologies seen
above. Each individual topology uses the protocol that has been discussed
earlier.

ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization

TELNET stands for TErminaL NETwork. It is a type of protocol that enables

one computer to connect to local computer.When the connection is
established between local and remote computer. During telnet operation
whatever that is being performed on the remote computer will be displayed
by local computer. Telnet operates on client/server principle. Local
computer uses telnet client program and the remote computers uses telnet
server program.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is one of the main protocols of the

Internet protocol suite. It lies between the Application and Network Layers
which are used in providing reliable delivery services. It is a connection-
oriented protocol for communications that helps in the exchange of
messages between the different devices over a network.