AND TECHNOLOGY R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING G R.S.M NAGAR, PUDUVOYAL — 601 206 ss DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS A=1000mm? =P # SKN 24KNim 10KN Lk z soe EI=2x10'Nen’ = [ ei=ixivew EB mn A 1250 mm? [a 1 100.0m 12am] emi Bro bo Wem k %, Te> gore #227 Oomsy Hes IS whey Taz 4ce FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP /MECH) = 1DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA UNIT I- INTRODUCTION WEIGHTED RESIDUAL METHODS: General Trial function: U= ag t ayx+ ax? + a3x? Substitute the trial function in differential equation to get the residue function. R(x) =0 RQ) ——> _ Residue function Here the point of x is between these limits. If the limit is 0 to 1 For two unknowns any two point between these limits. For example a 3 x value is = x value is = 4 4 For three unknowns any two point between these limits. For example a a 3 x value is = x value is = x value is = 4 2 4 | R(x).dx =0 Here the limit should be taken into two intervals. If the limit is 0 to 1 The limit varies between 0 0.5 i R(x) dx =0 The limit varies between 0.5 — 1 f. 0S R(x) dx =0 roa =0 = 0,1,2,3 Ta x= b= O12, Sivsuncs Differentiate the R(x) with respect to ay, a GALERKIN METHOD: | R(x). ¢ (x). dx FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 2DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA ¢ (x) —— > Weighting function (Function associated with unknown trial function) $@)= bot 261+ ashe For Beam the Fourier series equation. % nnx y= > asin—— mx 3mx y= qs + qq sin For Cantilever Bar (Axial Loading) U= Agt ayX+ ox? + a3x3+.....+ayx Where a) a2 & a; are Ritz parameters THE TOTAL POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE BEAM: m=U-H U ——> Strain Energy H ——> Work Done by External Force STRAIN ENERGY FOR TRANSVERSE LOADING: EI! (d2y\" Uas (=) dx TRAIN ENERGY FOR AX1. YADING: " EA (ol a = —) dx 2 Joy \dx. Work DONE BY EXTERNAL FORCE: i = fywydx For SSB with UDL throughout its length = W ymax For SSB with Point Load at its mid — point of length FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 3DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA i H= ty @ y dx + W yYmax For SSB with UDL throughout its length and Point Load at its mid — point of length H= [,P dx = fp A wdx For Cantilever Bar with axial loading BENDING MOMENT: dy M= EI de E ——> Young’s modulus || —— > Moment of Inertia EXACT SOLUTION: SSB Max Deflection with UDL throughout its length 5 wit Ymax = 3a4 Gy 384 El SSB Max Bending Moment with UDL throughout its length wi? M, == centre 8 SSB Max Deflection with Point Load at its mid — point of length _ we Ymax > ERT SSB Max Bending Moment with Point Load at its mid — point of length a _ Wl centre = SSB Max Deflection with UDL throughout its length and Point Load at its mid = point of length 5 wit wh Jmax = 394 E+ 4RET SSB Max Bending Moment with UDL throughout its length and Point Load at its mid — point of length wl? Wl Meentre = —g- + FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 4DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA GENERAL TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS USED IN RITZ METHOD: 2 —cos2x sin?x = 3 33 1+ cos2x cos*x = ———— Zh . cos(A — B) + cos(A + B) sin A sin B = — —\——— 2 SPRING: THE TOTAL POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE BEAM: m=U-H U ——=> Strain Energy H ——> Work Done by External Force STRAIN ENERGY: 1 U=ske 2 k ——> Stiffness of Spring 5 —— > Deflection WORK DONE BY EXTERNAL FORCE: H=Fu F ——> Force acting on the spring 4 > Displacement FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 5DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA UNIT II - ONE DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS For 1D linear bar element Jou 2ou k—————_; linear bar element u= Niu, + Nou x N,=1-— * l Np = x aT For 1D quadratic element £ Zeus 2ew V/2—>' ]—————— quadratic bar element u= Nyu,+ Nzu2 + N3u3 3x 2x? tte x 2x? N= T+ 4x 4x? N3=— TR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 6DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA N, ——> Shape Function at node 1 uy ——> Displacement at node 1 N: ——> Shape Function at node 2 2 ———> Displacement at node 2 Ns => Shape Function at node 3 uj. ——> Displacement at node 2 For 1D linear bar element Ul = = Ly 71 For 1D quadratic element 7 1 -8 m= [1 7 =| 31g -s 16 A ——> Area of the element - mm? E ——> Young’s Modulus of the element - N/mm? | ——> Length of the element -mm {F} = [k] (3 {F} > Force vector (Global) [k] ——> Global stiffness matrix {u} ——> Displacement matrix REACTION FORCE: {R}= [k] (uy — {7} {R} ——> Reaction force JE THE Bopy Is SUBJECTED TO SELF — WEIGHT: For 1D linear bar element m8) FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 7DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA For 1D quadratic element 1 6 {F) = pat {4 6 2 3. p ——> Unit weight density of the element - N/mm? A => Area of the element ~ mm? | ——> Length of the element -mm STRESS ON THE ELEMENT; o=E gi “dx If stress on element one should found then the formula will be fare 4 E ——— > Young’s Modulus of the element - N/mm? l, ——> Length of the element one -mm Uy —— Displacement at nodal point 1 -mm Uz ——> Displacement at nodal point 2 -mm FOR TAPER PLATE: FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 8DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA For rectangular cross section Area = Width * Thickness At any point of x x Ar Ay~ (Ar As) 7 Area at node 1: A, = W,* ty Area at node 2(Applicable only for mid — point): Ag = Wy * ty A W,+ ws) 2= (+?) 2 2 2 Area at node 3: A; = W;* tz Average area of element 1: Art Ap 4o = Average area of element 2: For circular cross section a Area = — d? 4 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON STRUCTURAL PROBLEM: STIFFNESS MATRI [k] = a I al 1 A => Area of the element -mm? E | ——> Youne’s Modulus of the element - Nimm? | ——> Length of the element -mm FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 9DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA THERMAL LOAI (F} = EAaAT } A > Area of the element - mm? E —— > Young’s Modulus of the element - N/mm? a => Coefficient of thermal expansion -fC AT ——> Temperature difference du (o} =F FH Baar i Ea&T ——> Thermal Strain For element 1 Ug ~ ty {o} =F, “a E,a,AT 1 REACTION FORCE: {R} = [k] {uy — {F} {R} ——> Reaction force {F} ——> Force vector (Global) [k] ——> Global stiffness matrix {u} > Displacement matrix STIFFNESS MATRIX: opt at w=rk 7 k => Stiffness of the spring - N/mm GLOBAL STIFFNESS MATRIX WHEN WALL SUBJECTED TO CONDUCTION: [K] {7} = {F} {F} > Force vector (Global) FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 10DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA K Global stiffness matri TK] __ Global stfiness matrix (T} ——> Temperature matrix wT 14 7 “2 T@-@ A ——> Area of the wall me k =——> Thermal conductivity of wall - WimK |) ——> Length of the wall -m CONVECTION: Ak [Kel == [1 1 | tim mB [K] = [Ke] + [Kn] [kK] {7} = {F} Akya -1 0 OV] (% 0 "™ LA 1 ]+na lo il tr}= hoa {i} A ===> Area of the wall -m ko ——— > Thermal conductivity of wall - W/mK |) ——> Length of the wall -m ho ——> Heat transfer coefficient - Win?K Teo ———> Atmospheric air temperature -K FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 11DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA ONE DIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER ON FIN: LOBAL STIFFNESS MATRIX WHEN FIN SUBJECTED T! INDUCTION CONVECTION: ika=* 15 _ hPly2 4 iml= lh 2 [K] = [Ke] + [Kn] [K] {7} = {F} Ak = APL TL ile 2 - (3 _ QAL + PAT.ol fy T,) 2 1 A = Length * Thickenss = 1*t P=2+*1 (Approximately) A > Area of the fin =m P ——> Perimeter of the fin -m k ——> Thermal conductivity of fin - WimK. 1) ——> Length of the fin -m h ——> Heat transfer coefficient - Wim?K Ta > Atmospheric air temperature -K Q ——> Heat Generation -W FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 12DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA (x2 y2) le m 1 STIFFNESS MATRIX: Pim -2 -lm [kl = EeAe| im =m? =lm_ —m? I. |-? -lm FP lm —lm -—m? Im m? A, > Area of the element - mm? E- ———® Young’s Modulus of the element - N/mm? |, ———®> Length of the element -mm Length of element 1 lo = V G2 — *1)? + O2— ¥1)? Xg— x, i= ee ly Yo= Ma m= lo STRESS: Stress of element 1 Uy E ug =—[-lL -m lL m % = FF [4 2 hm) yay U4, u matrix varies according the element FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 13DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA BEAMs: Di = Nyuy, + Nou, + Nguz + Nyug 1 M=p (2x3 — 3x?L + 15) 1 No “a (3L — 2x?L? + x13) 1 3 2 Ng = qq (- 2x + 3x72) Ny = = (x3L — x71?) Ni => Shape Function at node 1 uy ‘7 Displacement at node 1 N: ===> Shape Function at node 2 uz: ——> Displacement at node 2 N3 => Shape Function at node 3 uy ——> Displacement at node 3 Ny >> Shape Function at node 4 us. ——> Displacement at node 4 STIFFNESS MATRIX: 12 6L -12 6L El) 6L 41? -6L 21 V= sla 6, 12 —6n 6L 202 -6L 41? | ——> Moment of Inertia -mmé E ——> Young’s Modulus - Nimm? L_ ——> Length of the beam -mm FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 14DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA LOADING S.No Fi m F2 m2 CASE s » |e -WL WL 8 8 2 Ss » S| [-wee +20) -wWab? |-war(L+2b) Wah , B iP B i = s — So 2 3) 4 -W -a(1-a)WL -w a(1—a)WL 2 a 3 —wh wiz —wL 2 2 = wi “ we 2 2 12 2 12 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 15DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA LOADING S.No Fi mi F, m2 CASE -7wL wl? —3wL wl? 5) 4 —— es — mee 20 20 20 30 2 x —wL —Swl —wL Swi? 6) 4 —=— —= 96 4 96 —13wL —11wl? —3wL Swi? vr) 4 —_—. = pcaifacls 32 192 32 192 2 LONGITUDINAL VIBRATION OF BAR: GENERAL FINITE ELEMENT EQUATION: {[K] — [m] w?} {uj = (F} [kK] ——> Stiffness matrix [ri] > Mass matrix {F} ——> External Force FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 16DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA {u} ——> Displacement matrix @ > Natural Frequency = rad / sec STIFFNESS MATRIX: [x] = < [? 1 7 A => Area of the element ~ mm? E > Young’s Modulus of the element - N/mm? | ==> Length of the element -mm NOTE: Unless mention in the problem to use lumped mass matrix we should not If nothing is mentioned use consistent mass matrix only [m= Bo 29 NL p ——> Unit weight density of the element - N/mm’ A => Area of the element - mm? |) ——> Length of the clement -mm CONSISTENT MASS MATRIX: NOTE: If nothing is mentioned use consistent mass matrix only _ pal y2 4 m= lh 2 p > Unit weight density of the element - N/mm‘ A => Area of the element - mm? 1 ——> Length of the element -mm TION: {[K] — [m] w?} {uj = (F} [K] ——> Stiffness matrix [m]-———> Mass matrix {F} ——> Extemal Force {u} ———> Displacement matrix @ > Natural Frequency ~ rad / sec FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 17DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA STIFFNESS MATRIX: 12 6L -12 6L El) 6L 412 -6L 212 = Ts] 42 6, 12 —6n 6L 202 -6L 4L2 1) > Moment of Inertia -mm* E ——> Young's Modulus - Nimm? L.) > Length of the beam = mm LUMPED MAss MATI NOTE: Unless mention in the problem to use lumped mass matrix we should not use this. If nothing is mentioned use consistent mass matrix only 1000 0000 p > Unit weight density of the element - N/mm? A => Area of the element -mm? | ——> Length of the element -mm NOTE: If nothing is mentioned use consistent mass matrix only 156 221 «54-131 _ PAL} 221 4 131-31? 420| 54 131 156 —221 —131 31? -221 41? p ——> Unit weight density of the element - N/nm* [m] A > Area of the element - mm? |) ——> Length of the element -mm EIGEN VALUES & EIGEN VECTORS: GENERAL FINI z. ELEMENT EQUA: fe} {[K] — [m] 4} {uj = 0 [K] ——> Stiffness matrix [m|-———> Mass matrix FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 18DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA {u} ==> Displacement matrix A ——> Eigen values DETERMINANT METHOD: |[x] - [m]a] = 0 [K] ——> Stiffness matrix [m]——> Mass matrix A > Eigen values NATURAL FREQUENCY OF BAR ELEMENT: A= ow 1 f=7,° f => Frequency of bar - Hz [m]-———> Mass matrix A => Eigen values @ > Natural Frequency ~ rad / sec FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 19DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA UNIT Ill - TWO DIMENSIONAL SCALAR VARIABLE PROBLEMS CONSTANT STRAIN TRIANGULAR ELEMENT: SHAPE FUNCTIO! — Pit uxt ny N. + 2A P2+ qx + hy Mas 2A + G3x + 1 N; = P3t 3 BY 2A PLA Aaa 372 P2 = X%3y1 ~ M1y3 P3'S Miya — 2a zs 92 = Maer Ji 93 = Vi - Yo i Rigs eg TE, = Mg HE. Tz = XQ - My yfi 4 Mm A= 2 1 x2 y2 1 x3 ys SHAPE FUNCTION: N, + Ny + Ny =1 When all the shape function is given x = Nyx, + NoXx2 + N3Xx3 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR R(AP/ MECH) 20.DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA y= Niyi + Nove + Nays When two or one shape function is given X= ( — X3)Ny + (%2 — X3)N2 + 2X3 y= O1- y3)M + G2 - ¥3)N2 + Ys SHAPE FUNCTION EQUATION: When Pressure given P(x, y) = PyNy + P2No + P3N3 When Temperature is given T(x,y) = TN, + T2N2 + T3N3 ‘When Displacement is given u(x,y) = uyNy + u2No + ugN3 ‘To FIND THE COORDINATE POIN To find x coordinates when pressure is given x=x, _P-P, XX To find y coordinates when pressure is given yr=yu ~P-P we Be Py To find x coordinates when temperature is given x-m% T-T, x, TT To find y coordinates when temperature is given you _T-% Yon h-hh RECTANGULAR ELEMENT: (4, Ya) (a. 93) 4-—— a h 4 ms (6s, Ya) — 1 ——+flea. vod FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 21DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA SHAPE FUNCTION: xy, xy MeO Tt 5 oe Me 1" Th xy =i yx Ne Th SHAPE FUNCTION EQUATION: When Pressure is given P(x,y) = PiN, + P2N2 + P3N3 + PyNq When Temperature is given T(x,y) = T1N, + T2N2 + T3N3 + T,Nq When Displacement is given u(x, y) = u,Ny + ugN2 + ugN3 + u4N4 THE COORDINATE POINTS: 'o find x coordinates when pressure is given om P-P moe POP To find y coordinates when pressure is given you _P-P We a By To find x coordinates when temperature is given x-% T-T, Qo my ht To find y coordinates when temperature is given yru _T-Th YW h- Th FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 22DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA TWO DIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER: TIFEN! MATRIX WHEN SUBJECTED Ti INDUCTION: [Ke] = [B]? [D] [B] At [B] ——> Strain Displacement matrix [D] ——> Material Property matrix t ———®> Thickness of the triangular element -mm A ——> Area of the triangular element -mm? STRAIN DISPLACEMENT MATRIX: [B] i (% Cy 74] 2A lg \ 13 G4- Ya Ys Wi Ya mey1 93 = Yi— Ye % = Xe Xp %) = %y— x3 Ty = XQ — My AREA: y)i 4 Mm A= z 1 x2 ye 1 x3 ys MATERIAL PROPERTY MATRIX: wi=["s | Ky kus & ky ——=® Thermal conductivity - WimK FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 23DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA STIFFNESS MATRIX WHEN SUBJECTED To CONDUCTIO! by? + cy? byby + cye2 by b3 + 403 [Ke] = Za |Piba + cree by? + c2? babs + C2¢3 byb3 + cyc3 babs + c2¢3 bs” + €3? by = Y2- Ys bz = ¥a- Vn by = Vi- ya Cy = Xg— Xe C2 = Xa Xs Og = Ham By k ——» Thermal conductivity - WimK A ——> Area of the triangular element - mm? STIFFNESS MATRIX WHEN SUBJECTED TO CONVECTION: If side 1-2 is subjected to convection hy_gly_ot [2 10 fy = sates 20 0 0 0. If side 2-3 is subjected to convection If side 1-3 is subjected to convection hy_gl;_at [2 9 1 Ky = 1-3'41-3' ° 0 0 B 1 0 2 STIFFNESS MATRIX WHEN SUBJECTED TO CONDUCTION & CONVECTIO! If side 1-2 is subjected to convection [K] = [Ke] + [Kn] FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 24DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA 1, Ay-ala-at [2 1 9 [K] = [B]" [D] [B] At+ a 120 00 0 If side 2-3 is subjected to convection (K] = [Ke] + [Kn] [K1= (1 [) [o}ac+ Be If side 1-3 is subjected to convection [K] = [Ke] + [Kn] hyshat {2° 1 [l= "Pl alat+ ==" lo 0 0 10 2 Where b-2 = VG2 - *1)? +02 = 1)? ls = VG3— %2)? + (¥s— ¥2)? hg = VG 41)? +3 — 1)? [B] ——> Strain Displacement matrix [D] ——> Material Property matrix t = > Thickness of the triangular element -mm A ——> Area of the triangular element - mm? | ——> Length of the side subjected to convection - m ho ——> Heat wansfer coefficient - Wim’K FORCE VECTOR FOR CONVECTIO! If side 1-2 is subjected to convection fiy-gTasly-att [t p= Meals A 0 If side 2-3 is subjected to convection pa tatolast |? 2 1 If side 1-3 is subjected to convection FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 25DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA hy-3Teals-st [1 —_z 0 1 Tey ———> Atmospheric air temperature -K {| > Thickness of the triangular element -mm | —— > Length of the side subjected to convection - m h ———> Heat transfer coefficient - Wim’K . pO.8h L V=Axt Q ——> Heat Source - Win? V ——> Volume of triangular element -m* A ——> Area of triangular element -m {| ——> Thickness of the triangular element -mm FORCE VECTOR IF HEAT FLUx Is GIVEN: If side 1-2 is subjected to heat flux Lot [4 oe ot A 0 If side 2- 3 is subjected to heat flux. Ly-gt [° ye. west Hl a If side 1-3 is subjected to heat flux (2. [] 1 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 26DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA Ny No Ng mM= P3— Nn 92 93 74, qo 19 SHAPE FUNCTION EQUATION: — P2t Gxt ny _ Pat gaxt my — Pit x + ny 2A 2A 2A X23 — X3Y2 = X31 — 13 Mg A211 wreaA *4) — Va Mh = Na 2 >is *2 = ag 3, gi Reg, 9%, ¥) = GiNi + P2N2 + P3N3 STRAIN DISPLACEMENT MATRIX; mast M1 = Y2- Y3 92 = Y3s— V1 93 = Vi- Y2 Ty = X%3— X2 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 27DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA Tz = X1— X3 3 = X27 M1 yfi a Mm A= 5 1 x2 yo 1 x3 ys [k] = [B]"[B] 4 [B] ———> Strain Displacement matrix A ——> Area of the triangular element = mm? We know that [KI le] = [Fl [kK] ——> Stiffness matrix {¢] ——> Shear Function [F] ——> Force Vector 9 ——> Angle of Twist - G ——> Modulus of Rigidity -N/mm? A ——> Area of the triangular element - mm? TOTAL TORQUE: 2A r= 3 at 2+ G3) Q ——> Shear Function A => Area of the triangular element - mm? For an example if an element is taken as shown in Fig FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 28DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA (s5) a Total Torque = T=(T°+T®)*4 (Multiply by 4 since four quadrant) SHEAR RES dp mee By ap ye Ox Where P= iN + P2N2 + P33 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 29DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA UNIT IV - TWO DIMENSIONAL VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS CONSTANT STRAIN TRIANGULAR ELEMENT: SHAPE FUNCTION: Pit qix+ ny N, = + 2A Pat qx + ry Mae 2A + q3x + r- N3 = P3t 43 ay 2A Py =) X293: Tetay2 P2= X%3V1 — M193 Ps =O A271 m =e ys 92 = Vs— VM 93 = Vi Ye Te, = Mig i Tg = %1— X3 3 = X27 XM yfi a Mm As 5 1 x2 yo 1 x3 ys SHAPE FUNCTION: N, + No +N, =1 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 30DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA When all the shape function is given x = Nyx, + Nox +N3xq y= Myyi + Noy2 + N3y3 When two or one shape function is given X = (41 — X3)N, + (%2 — X3)N2 + x3 y= (01 y3)M + (v2 — ¥3)N2 + Ys STRAIN DISPLACEMENT MATRIX: 1 fm 9 a2 9 g 0 a a ak A ——> Avea of the tiangular element - mm? 1 = Yo Ys 2 = Jeo yt 93 - R= r= For Plane Stress condition: 0 0 [DJ = 1-y 2 For Plane Strain condition: a-y) y 0 [p] = y a-y 0 Q+ya-2y)] 4 . (1 2y) 2 E —— > Young’s Modulus - N/mm? Y —— Poisson’s ratio FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 31DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA STIFFNESS MATRIX: [K] = [B]" [D] [B] At [B] ——> Strain Displacement matrix [D] ——> Stress — Strain Relationship matrix t > Thickness of the triangular element -mm A ——> Area of the triangular element - mm FORCE VECTOR: When self — weight is considered or density of material is given 3h p —— Density - Kg/m? A — Area t ——> Thickness -m 1 F=sTA 2 roirwee =sT(b* 5 They) F ——> Nodal force -N T ——> Surface traction -N/mm? t > Thickness of the element -mm FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 32DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA b ——+ Breadth of the element -mm A ——> Area of the triangular element - mm? To CONVERT PRESSURE INTO NODAL FORCE: PL If side j - k is subjected to pressure in x direction (node 2 & 3) 0 0 {F}= 4 2 If side j - k is subjected to pressure in y direction (node 2 & 3) 0 (°) 0 | PLt Fy = 4 {F} 2 0 PLt 2 If side i - j is subjected to pressure in x direction (node 1 & 2) FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 33DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA PLt 2 0 [F)= PLt aeen| If side i - j is subjected to pressure in y direction (node 1 & 2) 0 PLt {FY= 9 pie If side i - k is subjected to pressure in x direction (node 1 & 3) PLt If side i- k is subjected to pressure in y direction (node 1 & 3) 0 (rue 2 0 = 4 5 0 PLt 2 F ——> Force vector -N Po o——> Pressure -N/mm* FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 34DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA t = > Thickness of the element -mm Lo ——> Length of the element -mm ELEMENT STRESS: {o} = [D][B] &} uy: Ox (v) Ma {=} - toi iay ft mY 03 Ox > Normal stress in x direction - Nim? Oy —— Normal stress in y direction - Nimm? Txy ——> Shear Stress - N/mm? u&y ==> Nodal displacement -mm MAXIMUM NORMAL STRESS: Ox + Oy Omas = 1 = —>— fe} = [B] fu} FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 35DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA Uy ex My e. uz yt = [Bl yy, Vecy i, V3. Ox ——> Normal strain in x direction = N/mm? Oy ——> Normal strain in y direction - Némm? Txy > Shear Stress - N/mm* u&y ——® Nodal displacement -mm TEMPERATURE EFFECTS: INITIAL STRAL For Plane Stress condition: aAT {eo} = {aAT 0 For Plane Strain condition: aAT {eo}= + y) jaar, 0 a ———> Coefficient of thermal expansion AT ——> Temperature difference Cc Y => Poisson’s ratio ELEMENT TEMPERATURE FORCE: (¥} = [B]" [D] {eo} At [B] ——> Strain Displacement matrix [D] > Stress — Strain Relationship matrix {ey} ——> Initial strain t => Thickness of the triangular element -mm A ——> Area of the triangular element ~ mm? FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 36DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA AXIS SYMMETRIC ELEMENTS: Fi a+ Bix t ny 2A a + Box + Yay Ny = 2 2A _ a3 + Bax + yay 2A _ntnty 3 2+ 22+ 23 3 @1 = 1223 — 1322 ORS) 1321 — Tie 3: my 1271 By = 2% 23 Bz = 23- 2% B3 = 2 - 22 Ge Br %, Y= = 7 =m 1 1nn A= z 1m Zz 1 rz 23 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 37DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA STRAIN DISPLACEMENT MATRIX: | By 0 Bz 0 Bz 0 | ay V2 a2 ¥2z a3 ¥3z 1 0 0 0 (l= 5 7 tT Ate 7 t Bat z 7 tT Bat ; 0 n 0 Y2 0 ¥3 "% By Ya Bo Ys Bs A ———> Area of the triangular element - mm? 1 = 1223 — 1322 Gy = 13h. — T23 ay = 22 — Te2y By = %- 43 Bz = 23- 2 Bs = 4 — 2 Yag= tag 72 W2i- a % =m STRESS STRAIN RELATIONSHIP MATRIX: 1-¥ _¥ y 0 y i-y y¥ 0 as Aa y 1-y 0 (1+ y)G- 2y) 1-2y 0 0 . 2 E ——> Young’s Modulus - N/mm? Y > Poisson’s ratio [K] = 2nr [B]" [D] [B] T+ + 1 3 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR R(AP/ MECH) 38°DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA [B] ——> Strain Displacement matrix [D] —— Suess ~ Strain Relationship matrix > Radius of the triangular element -mm A ——> Area of the triangular element - mm? {o} = [D] [B] {u} ‘Uy: oO, Wy OF U: a, (= PIB) 4, Trz, Ug Ws: Oy ——> Radial stress - N/mm? og ——> Circumferential stress - N/mm? Oz ——> Longitudinal stress = N/mm? tre ——> Shear Stress - N/mm? u&w > Nodal displacement -mm LF], = 2mrA [B]" [D] {eo} T+ + 73 ~ 3 [B] ——> Strain Displacement matrix [D] ——> Stress — Stain Relationship matrix {e9}-——> Strain matrix tr —— > Radius of the triangular element -mm A ——> Area of the triangular element -mm? FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 39DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA aAT aAT 0 aT. a = ——> Coefficient of thermal expansion -fC feo} = AT ——> Temperature difference ‘a FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 40DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA UNIT V - ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION Mm=70-90-m = 1 1 7a+9a-m 1 N3 = gat e)(1+ ) 1 Ny= 5 G- G41) x = Nix, + Nox2 + Ngx3 + N4gxq y= Myr t+ Noyat Nays + Nays JACOBIAN MATRIX: Ox oy _ [de de = Ox oy an an Mf al FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP/ MECH) 41DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING + ME6603-FEA n= qk = nytt mat (lt pay- (1+ 9) 4] In= 7b U- ay tla tlt dyy- C4 yi] [-(L- y- (lt dm t+ dytA- 2] n= gh dn- (tan t(lt dyst(l- oy] t[e hh o 0 ne 0 -hy s} = hy hu In “hy 0 (-g 0 (ty) 0 (+n) 0 -(l-g 0 -(Itg 0 (lt 0 U-§ 0 ~) 0 leg) 0 Gt) 0) 0 -(-§ 0 -(lt) 0 (ts 0 (I-98 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR. R(AP/ MECH) 4STRESS STRAIN RELATIONSHIP MATR: BR so ° For Plane Stress condition: a-y) y 0 - 1 y a-y 0 = 1-2 (1+ YG - 2y) 0 0 (—2y) 2 E => Young’s Modulus - N/mm? Y => Poisson’s ratio [D] M. For Isoparametric Quadrilateral Element: tx] = ff (81" (01 (81 ax ay For Natural Co — Ordinates ta wae ff (Bi (ite yi e~ ay [B] ——> Swrain Displacement matrix [D] ——> Stress — Stain Relationship matrix IJ ——> Determinant of the Jacobian matrix € ——> Natural Co — Ordinates t| —— > Thickness of the element -mm A ——> Area of the triangular element = mm? FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 43.DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA di Np = 2 (te - 5) tig N3 = 2(ts— ) Ls Ng = 4 LyLy Ng = 4 Lp, Ne = 41413 EIGHT NODED QUADRILATERAL: SHAPE FUNCTION: 1 M=-7Q-e)A-mAtetn) 1 N= - 7+ e)(Q-mQ-etn) Ns = 7 (1+ 2) (1+ G-e-7) 1 N= 7a>e+ nate-n) 1 , Ns = 5 A €*) (1— n) 1 Ng= 5+) 0-14) 1 N= 5 - &*) (+m) 1 Ng = 5 A- ©) (0-9) FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 44DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA NINE NODED QUADRILATERAL: SHAPE FUNCTION: 1 ; M= 7-8) M- 1) 1 N= — 5 (1- &*)Q— 7°) 1 2 2 Ng= —7 e+ e)Q- 1°) 1 Ng=— 7 (e- 2) (1— 7) Ns = (1— €?)(1— 9?) 1 ; Ne = per €) (1— 77) 1 2: 2: Np=—ge- Mt 0°) 1 2 2 Ne = 5 A 2) @ tn") 1 ; No=— 7 et e) M+ n°) AA IA! JADRAT! 2 [ “flax = ym fed) 1 | f@)dx = wif (1) + Wof 2) + Waf rz) + w3f 3) ++ Wnf On) “1 —— Weight function wi Values of the function at pre — determined sampling points fi) — FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 45DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6603 — FEA Number Location Weights of points xi Wi n 1 x, = 0.000 w, = 2.000 1 X,xX2= + | 4 3 W1,W2 = 1.000000 = +0.577350269189 =~ 5 tyxs= b fe Wy,W3 = 5 = 0.55555... 3 - 8 = +£0.774596669241 w= 5 = 0.88888... x2 = 0.0000 XX = +0.8611363116 Wy, W, = 0.3478548451 4 X2,X3 = +£0.3399810436 We, W3 = 0.6527451549 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R(AP / MECH) 46