(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF CAPE-COAST)

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2018 SEMESTER: ONE LEVEL: 200

PROGRAMME: DIPLOMA IN DISPENSING OPTICS
TITLE OF EXAMINATION: END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION
COURSE CODE & NAME: DOPS 076 BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS

INDEX NUMBER……………………………………………………………………………….

INSTRUCTIONS:
Supply your index number in the space provided above, and on every single sheet of the question paper and

submit the question paper at the end of the examination. Attempt all questions.

Choose the MOST APPROPRIATE alternative from A to D by Circling it on the answer sheet.

DURATION: 1 HOUR 10 MINUTES

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1. At birth a child’s eye is………..
a. myopic
b. hyperopic
c. astigmatic
d. presbyopic
2. A baby’s corneal curvature is……….
a. more steeper than an adult
b. less steeper than an adult
c. the same as an adult
d. more flatter than an adult
3. By the age 2 years, the size of cornea of a child is…………..
a. smaller than that of an adult
b. the same as that of adult
c. bigger than that of an adult
d. none of the above
4. The prescription of the right eye of a 10 years girl was RE -0.50DS. At 18 years, the axial length of
her right eye increased by 1.5mm. What will be new power of right eye?
a. +4.50DS
b. +5.00DS
c. -4.50DS
d. -5.00DS
5. What is the refractive condition that a 60 year old man will develop if he has retrobulbar tumour
behind the eye ball?
a. Myopia
b. Astigmatism
c. Hyperopia
d. None of the above
6. The keratometric value of new born is……….
a. 43.5D
b. 38.5D
c. 51.2D
d. 45.0D

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 7. The compensation phenomenon where there is a balancing of the increase axial length as the child’s
eyes grows and rate of change of the curvature of cornea and lens so that light from a distant object
to be focused clearly on the retina is known as………
a. accommodation
b. light focusing
c. emmetropization
d. image balancing
8. The backward displacement of lens of eye results in……….
a. index hyperopia
b. backward hyperopia
c. positional hyperopia
d. curvature hyperopia

Suppose a patient with 6/18VA requires +1.50DS to read 6/6. The same patient may read 6/6 with +3.00DS.
On adding cyclopegia the patient reads 6/6 with +4.5DS. Use the above information to answer question 9 –
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9. What is the absolute hyperopia of the patient?

a. +1.50DS
b. +3.00
c. +4.00
d. +4.50DS
10. +4.50DS is………of the patient
a. total hyperopia
b. absolute hyperopia
c. manifest hyperopia
d. facultative hyperopia
11. Manifest hyperopia is…….
a. +1.50DS
b. +4.50DS
c. +3.00DS
d. +2.00DS

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12. The cycloplegic refreaction tends to reveal………..
a. absolute hyperopia
b. facultative hyperopia
c. latent hyperopia
d. manifest hyperopia
13. By what extent of hyperopia does the act of accommodation overcome?
a. +2.00DS
b. +3.00DS
c. +4.00DS
d. +1.50DS
14. The application of cycloplegia is to…………
a. extert accommodation to the fullest
b. to stabilize accommodation
c. paralyse accommodation
d. to activate accommodation
15. What is the magnitude of the latent hyperopia?
a. +1.00DS
b. +1.50DS
c. +2.00DS
d. +3.00DS
16. Which form of hyperopia is masked by involuntary forces of accommodation?
a. Facultive hyperopia
b. Absolute hyperopia
c. Latent hyperopia
d. Manifest hyperopia
17. The refractive element (optical elements) of eye are……
a. cornea, lens and retina
b. cornea, aqueous, vitreous and retina
c. cornea, aqueous, lens and vitreous
d. cornea, aqueous, retina and lens

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18. All the following are attributes of rods of the retina except………….
a. vitamin a is essential for their resynthesis
b. essential for grey-scale vision
c. they good for central vision
d. they give the purple colour to the retina
19. The overall refractive index of the lens is………
a. 1.386
b. 1.406
c. 1.420
d. 1.450
20. A patient has cornea power of 42.00D. What is the likely prescription of the eye? (Assume the
power of the lens and a total refractive power of emmetropic eye are +20.00D and 60.00D)
a. -2.00DS
b. -3.00DS
c. +3.00DS
d. +2.00DS
21. Spherical refractive errors include……….
a. spherical and myopia
b. myopia and hyperopia
c. astigmatitism and myopia
d. hyperopia, astigmatism and myopia
22. The problematic image size differences of the two eyes is…………
a. anisometropia
b. antimetropia
c. aniseikonia
d. anisocoria
23. The point conjugate with the retina where accommodation is most exerted is……..
a. the far point
b. the near point
c. punctum remotum
d. range of accommodation

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24. The amplitude of accommodation of a fifty year old man where wear near point is 50cm is……..
a. +5.00
b. +2.00
c. +2.50
d. ++11.50
25. All the following are prerequisite for a normal binocular vision except……….
a. refractive errors
b. intact sensory pathways
c. good visual system
d. active motor system of the eye
26. The stimuli for vergence movements of the eye include the following changes except……….
a. changing in accommodation
b. retinal disparity
c. awareness of near of an object
d. version movement of an object
27. The fast upright movement of eyes to view a flying bat brought about by the extra ocular muscles
is……..
a. dextracversion
b. saccade movement
c. tracking movement
d. a following movement
28. A disjunction movement is the same as……….
a. saccadic movement
b. version movement
c. vergence movement
d. conjugate movement
29. The yoke muscles involved in dextroversion of the eyes are……..
a. right lateral rectus and left medial rectus
b. left lateral rectus and right medial rectus
c. right lateral rectus and left inferior rectus
d. left medical rectus and right superior rectus

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30. The convergence of the two eyes that keeps a person from diplopia by compensating for any excess
deficit in tonic convergence is……….
a. accommodative convergence
b. proximal convergence
c. fusional convergence
d. none of the above
31. Which of the following does NOT trickle accommodation associated with movement of the eye?
a. Colour of the object
b. Size of the object
c. Distance of the object
d. Light intensity
32. All the following are associated with accommodation except……….
a. pupil constriction
b. suspensory ligaments contraction
c. the burging of lens
d. ciliary muscles contraction
33. The most common type of refractive error is……………
a. hyperopia
b. myopia
c. astigmatism
d. none of the above
34. The refractive power of an emmetrope is about….
a. +50D
b. +55D
c. +60D
d. +66D
35. The aqueous and vitreous humours have a refractive index similar to that of…………
a. air
b. water
c. tear film
d. cornea

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36. Convergence is a function of……….
a. intraocular muscles movement
b. extraocular muscles movement
c. movement of neck
d. tracking movement
37. Accommodation always brings image from an object…..
a. forward
b. backward
c. at the same position
d. none of the above
38. In which of the uncorrected refractive errors can an individual use his/her accommodation reserve
to see clearly?
a. A myopia
b. A hyperope
c. Simple myopic astigmatic
d. Mixed astigmatic
39. Which of the following pigment is essential for night vision?
a. Rhodopsin
b. Melanin
c. Retina yellow
d. Keratinin
40. Which of the following photoreceptors is associated with colour vision?
a. Axons
b. Rods
c. Cones
d. Melanins
41. For a natural use of accommodation, what type of lens should prefer?
a. Minus lens
b. Plus lens
c. Bifocal lens
d. Progressive lens

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42. The transmission of electrical impulses from retina to brain is done by the……..
a. optic disc
b. optic canal
c. optic nerve
d. optic vessel
43. All the following actions take place when ciliary muscles contract except…..
a. flattening of the lens
b. increase refractive power of the lens
c. increase in the convexity of the lens
d. the forward burging of the lens
44. This is NOT part of the adjustment of the eye associated with near vision.
a. Constriction of the pupils
b. Divergence movement of the eyeballs
c. Convergence movement of the eyeballs
d. Changing the power of the lens of the eye
45. When a person looks at a distance object, the person’s……………..
a. eyes converge
b. eyes diverge
c. eyes undergo saccadic movement
d. eyes undergo conjugate movement
46. Vision at near and distance is made possible by…………
a. cornea
b. retina
c. pupil
d. lens
47. At what age is the cornea fully developed?
a. 6 years
b. 5 years
c. 2 years
d. 4 years

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48. Which of the following contributes to high transparency of the cornea?
a. Avascular nature of cornea
b. High innervations of the cornea
c. The presence of aqueos humour
d. Lack of nerve in the cornea
49. When the crystalline lens of an adult eye is removed, the eye losses…………..of its refractive
power.
a. nearly all
b. about half
c. about one-third
d. insignificant amount
50. The pupils react to…….
i. light intensity
ii. refractive power
iii. accommodation
a. i only
b. i and ii
c. i and iii
d. i, ii and iii
51. What is the power of a cornea which had an anterior refractive power of +49.00D and posterior
power of -5.00D?
a. +54.00D
b. +49.00D
c. +44.00D
d. +40.00D
52. What is the likely prescription for an eye with cornea anterior power +48.00D and a posterior
power of -5.00D? (Assume the power of the lens and total refractive power of an emmetropic eye
are +20.00D and +60.00D respectively)
a. +2.00D
b. -2.00D
c. -3.00D
d. +43.00D

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53. A person is said to have “with-the-rule” astigmatism if………..
a. the power in the horizontal meridian is greater than that in the vertical meridian
b. the power in the vertical neridian is greater than that in the horizontal meridian
c. the power in the postenor surface is greater than that in the acterior surface of the cornea
d. none of the above
54. What advice will you give to someone with cataract who wants to see clearly?
a. Minus lens
b. Plus lens
c. Advise him on cataract extraction first
d. Advice to see herbalist
55. All the following results in lenticuar astigmatism except……
a. asymmetric crystalline lens
b. upright crystalline lens
c. tilted crystalline lens
d. assymmelnic crystalline lens layers
56. An accommodation of +1.50D is required to view an object at what distance?
a. 150cm
b. 66cm
c. 25cm
d. 40cm
57. Which of the following is not a known type of convergence?
a. Fusional convergence
b. Proximal convergence
c. Astigmatic convergence
d. Accommodation convergence
58. What is the standard testing distance for a distant acuity?
a. 60m
b. 60cm
c. 6m
d. 6cm

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59. What kind of refractive error is patient corneal power of 38.00D? (Assumption is same as question
52)
a. Hyperopia
b. Myopia
c. Astigmatism
d. Hemitropia
60. A +2.50D lens has a focal length of +40cm. if the power of the lens is doubled, the focal length
……….
a. is doubled
b. is halved
c. is quartered
d. remains the same
61. There are..............extra-ocular muscles that move each eyeball.
a. 6
b. 4
c. 5
d. 7
62. The circular gap within the centre of the iris is called the.
a. Pupil
b. Gap
c. iris hole
d. anterior chamber
63. The ideal pupil size for good vision between.........
a. 0-3mm
b. 2-5mm
c. 4-8mm
d. 5-10mm
64. A slower conjugate movement made to keep the image of a motion object on or near fovea is
called…………
a. saccadic movement
b. jerky movement
c. tracking
d. automatic movement
65. The movement of eyes to the left, to the right, upwards and downwards is called………..
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 a. convergence
b. divergence
c. version
d. vergence
66. A man has an amplitude of accommodation is +1.25D and therefore his near point is………..
a. 125cm
b. 100cm
c. 80cm
d. 25cm
67. A type of hyperopia which cannot be revealed by customary routine refraction is……..
a. manifest hyperopia
b. latent hyperopia
c. facultative hyperopia
d. total hyperopia
68. A condition in which the eye becomes extremely far-sighted as a result of removal of crystalline
lens is called……….
a. diplopia
b. aphakia
c. antimetopia
d. anisometropia
69. A condition of an individual in which one eye is myopia and other is hyperopia is called……..
a. aphakia
b. astigmatism
c. anisokonia
d. antimetropia
70. What is the focal power of a thin convex with a focal length of 20cm?
a. -5.00D
b. -2.00D
c. +5.00D
d. +2.00D
71. The total refractive power of an eye depends on………….
a. spherical shape of the eye
b. axial length and the refractive components of the eye
c. refractive element of the eye
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 d. size of the cornea
72. An example of mixed astigmatism is…….
a. plano /+2.00 x 90
b. -2.00/ +2.00 x 180
c. -4.00/ +2.00 x 180
d. -2.00/ +4.00 x 180
73. An astigmatic eye, in which one meridian is focused in front of the retina and other meridian behind
the retina is called……..
a. compound myopic astigmatism
b. mixed astigmatism
c. compound hyperopic astigmatism
d. simple myopic astigmatism
74. Diplopia is also referred to as……….
a. binocular vision
b. deep vision
c. double vision
d. normal vision
75. The far point of a myopia eye is……
a. at infinity
b. behind the retina
c. in front of the retina
d. none of the above

76. Which of the following will not help an uncorrected myope to see better?
a. Moving closer to the object
b. Squint or partly closing the eye
c. Moving away from the object
d. Wearing prescribed cornea lenses
77. Which of the following is the correct arrangement of visual acuity from worst to best?
4
a. /60, 6/60, 3/12, 6/12
3
b. /12, 4/60, 6/12, 6/60

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 6
c. /12, 3/12, 6/60, 4/60
3
d. /12, 6/12, 6/60, 6/60
78. Hyperopia is corrected with……….because hyperopes have…………..refractive power than
emmetropes
a. convex lenses; lesser
b. convex lenses; greater
c. concave lenses; greater
d. concave lenses; lesser
79. Which of the following is likely to affect visual acuity measurement?
a. Brightness of light in testing area
b. The distance of the chart from the patient
c. a and b
d. None of the above
80. If the axial length of an eye is longer than normal, what type of refractive is present in such an eye?
a. Astigmatism
b. Hyperopia
c. Emmetropia
d. Myopia

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 MARKING SCHEME

BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS

OBJECTIVES

1. B 21. B 41. D 61. C

2. A 22. C 42. C 62. C
3. B 23. B 43. A 63. A
4. B 24. D 44. B 64. C
5. D 25. A 45. B 65. C
6. C 26. D 46. D 66. C
7. C 27. B 47. C 67. A
8. C 28. C 48. A 68. B
9. A 29. A 49. C 69. D
10. A 30. C 50. C 70. C
11. C 31. A 51. C 71. B
12. C 32. B 52. C 72. D
13. D 33. C 53. B 73. B
14. C 34. C 54. C 74. C
15. B 35. B 55. B 75. C
16. C 36. B 56. B 76. C
17. C 37. A 57. C 77. A
18. C 38. B 58. C 78. B
19. C 39. A 59. B 79. C
20. B 40. C 60. C 80. D

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