} : he ier mee MMaceds i ADDRESSING. "0 Mopes ays onl un ah inabuclion Dr wore Os lish the Locakier 4 poo te | Name | Assemblen Syntax | Addressing tack 4 Immediate + Valve Operond = Valve x Register RY EAS Ri © Abgolvle Cinect) 1Oc EA = LOC + Indirect (ki) | Lae LR (10C) | Ere LL0C] * Trdex KCRDD | EA= [er] 4x * Pose with index (ki, Ry) | EA= [Ri I+(R x fase gift Bex] CR RD EAS [Ri] * Relative x(Pc) | EAH [RCT % Aylo incemend cei dt EASLER II Tresemodt bi P de e) - ‘) x Avto deemed (R | Decrement RI5 Fats lex | EAS [RS chive Adglness (EA: ~> Se the oben modes Hot fell OLe , the Ins toudts SSaed SH OCELLON rfl bSove 1 mn, ment ofpectie prpides i re vont heny cohieh oi tho inatauc ton is eae cLad oparond ar ite addaess expliet (EH can bo obs ive the —> Pe offec ag addnexe is ton usta te CucceR& o spernd -ly EN pe DAPLEMENTATION OF VARIABLE AND ONSTAW Te | TS > Vpaiable ‘s srepresented Ilo cat ection ae ths sald ° qe omer > hus v can be changed as heed sing appro paiate be oe ° = 5 ere accessing modes to acceas H, al Gegister Mode -s Absolute Mode /Dinect Moda 2 Ggsten ede! + The cherand us the contends of & raider, , the mame Gs address ) Ho negi t in the clbveas ) opiate “ Registers ane useol oF temporasxy stasge locations cohoro the data in & segishow Gag access "es Mov RI, R25 Ly Gby the Gntent of seqister Rl into eG RQ. > Absolute {inet} Mode + * te nd. is In & mesmo Fy ‘hh i. | memory location 1S given axplici Hy in the instruction. cape abgolite mode ear gepresert global cables tn the progacm » ex 5 Mov LOC, K2, Ls Ghy te Content ef merry lecet” ee into negisten RQ. location> Immediate Mode * te operand ic given explicitly inh Twshnuc ton * Tt ic only uree) to specify tho voles. of a source operand « i ee Mov #200, Ro ' Ls Mace dhe le Q90 I” neg slouke > Trdisection a Pointers * Tnetowet" dren give the operand on its IOI,8, expli Rett "The instaucl paoviels inbsore fom pom which He he eo dia operand Con ermine This addsow is five pease ve the ey calhd ee | —> Ind ERECT ModE ° a segister fon memory locat* * Tho shen Chat contains the d, oun shoe ic Gm foin » Trdine ctron ts denoted by — nome negisten — new bys Add (RID, Ro 5 eyed is In menu : e ete a [BI Leo eat operand nla seead from lacat” B ardoo — dd (RU;Ro pe a Md th), Fo | Sranwayy UW B ~_ Operee nd Se at Shea] (oe general rough eS se gagesiten load he processor uses ths valve whicla ison seqisten QL, os th EA of, the opera Move N, gr) 8 Move #NUAI, RQ a clean Ro ‘3 4 Sloop dd C2), Ro Add #4, RQ ecoemerct RI Bocanch>O Loo Move Ro, SUM ae Useng indinect addaessins ‘Tt eqiuests a send operation foorn the memory cH He conferts location B , The yale nega is the Mosinee operord) , which the proces | adde to the confer of negister R.[| PTrdinect addaessing dhaeugh 3 me meron | location is alse possible Ys She’ | * Tr Hus cage, the processor lof treacle th, Contents of TnEmOry location A,& thar, nayverts a ceond Ke operation USI He valuo 8 a, an & to obtalir j Spercud., 1 Rrapsamn exple raion + | = tes Regicten 02 Is used os pointer Jo dhe Wore hombers in the lict § tho ope Qu accerg, ' m inecly through RQ D> Te intheation section 4 leads to covnten velus hn prom memory lecath N into RI & it ts imaneolials ising mda to place the addaess NUAL, te add rors of the let ho. Mh He lst, pnts Rg Ly Ton jt clears Rote O- Sh Ist two snctauctions in Me loop implerraut- tHe ynspect} Heal 4 inctructton block & farting ak mt h ths bop, te fnsta . 7? ~ct Home throu 60 NnStauc keoy va Vay, fetche, the open asd at jeoation NUM! § ailds is to Ro. > Jo seo Add instruction adds 4 to the content of the pointer R2, So that it all cdelrers Value NuMe? eohon ae contain the in the Sew ccbove ‘struction 1S Cree joss dough tHe loopA ees A diff Kind of flexibility foo accesslig operand, ie esefull In olealing with Msks § evrmane Index mete? 3 he operation us Jndicat a x IR] chord X= the constad vabe wobich clef ins on offset on dis placerat Ri = the nome the inoloe nepister whl, containg aclolness of & how locaton + EA = Xt+REI | he colds of Ho index agintn ars nth Mecged in ths process of generctiry : > Te constant X may be given either Ee an explicit pumbon aga symbolic nome areproscr ting a humeric Value » If X is shontes than a word, sigh extension ts peeded. ed a its general, to Index. mods faci létectes aeceas to oh oper whose location Is ef! relative to qa AGerwmte point within to dade, ohyuctwr ih te the operon appeou fig « tig Add 90(R1),R9 Add. 1oo(PD, ka4 Positan bo Fruo THE SU Subjects ol each etude? f siout awe # OST) Ro, clean Rls clean Ras Clean £35 vay oo Mowe Ny Qh; ad Stoo stor Add C00) RE Add ¢ (to), ke isa Add 19CRo), 3 Decrement Ry — ae bso looP Move R SUM! move Ra SU eee use ig Shown in '¢ ‘ Castes, nds 10 Ome wry cn Ge flee oujabe be offset to the penance | : «4p either case, He ql oddrass i valuss Ons pe a, wae instauction & ottan is store 7 _ negisten _7 se th _incles Melo ° , Jnothes WOR SCOn q tho Toles mode use, 2 igistons wheel can he denoted 0 (ki, R) e Here, & second sesqiaten moy be used te certain dhe offre x + Fhe second 209 tilen U3 usually callbd dhe bare sreguster, he affective addaoss of the oborasl us given by EA=LRI+LR] 7 fis orm of indecred addiessing provide omens flexibility In Actesing Praha , becgust bod eee the offyclite (1038 Carr be : —> Rise with Trdow cet Hedo % nogistins a cands constant , which Can bo olenctes on X [R?, Ril + Po effective addo.ess of He operand us. opyen by EA=X4 Der] +L Ri opp addid fleubilly is esefiD din OLCLEEL waultiple componsuls ingtale jhem fh a oe . thers tho beginning oun lem us sfecfial by the [Ri, Rj] pack ef he adda essing i Th ofan weeds, Tis mode implemorts* Gelabive Mode * this Js similas 40 indow mole with ons MEeronca * Re eblietirse cdldoss dt dott munsol Ai Ho PC in place of the general pus pote register R; + ho operation Js inclicabbdl oa XCRO = x(PC) denotes EA the operand shi us X aba ob ¢ pelow the cusrrsui) contents PC ‘. eo e « Graco the addressed locatienr a eel Spolabive” to The FC jthe name ve made Gs axhcCiobal with Hus type of oolalsrossing vondiboral branch invbauchion | «& 3 Baanch >O loop 4 tu,40i Pregaem creeution Yo 90 to the beaath if honed contition t satts Peal # ApprtrowAL ADDRESING, Mopes : \@lvle tneremerdl Medo © Avo decremuul Modo4 Auto Tncaement Melo + neh Pi operand w contents of a. equates, cpecified in Hho InStauc tion ’ After accessing the eras 1 the contends of Huis Keg ster ano automaticall, pncnemented to point to the next ‘len, in & list : Lomplieitly , the incsiomenk aes atnBut os | + dhs is denocled os [eilt fe mb machine lanquo power us Ge lee) an obje cf oie oe Pep > he wossernbliy hangunge jor ae poe compuclen ws not Cane servidive kt AssEMBLER DE RECT VES yh dinectives ans tho assembley commands” fo the assembles concerning dhe preptam being oace mbled . fox commands are not tronshebed! Tato machine ofcode in tho object poccgrcm . - EQu “informs Ho assembler about Wr valuc of an idendifien &% SUM EQU 3005 In Ho assembler , BD soo is replace inSUM 7 he tells tha assembler ato the Gude } He stasdl add rors of memos ee ce We dole be fe, ORIGIN 204 5 Zs Tretyuck, ascemblen to intiate oleate, Heck at memory locetens sheoling prem 204 SOMAWORD dinective tell, the assembler 4 load value into te locat” f° N DATAWORD 100 3 Informe the assembler rad date 100 into the memory beation Nes Resceve Paechive ic useol 70 RESERVE & block of amemor 2 Numi ReseRVE 400 5 a oe faxes ce EMG - Bock “ht, | Is +o be sewed fon tae > END disechve jell, the assembler that . this fe Heo ea of tho counce prt, > RETURW dinecktve wentrfies the point of iobich execulion of te program SHA be terminmbed. Any stefacroat hol make Prstauct" on date being pleod In ‘nth lacath he given ! : is astigned 0. fall Yo tha ale location ean suM> EQU 200 ORIGIN QO% N DATAWORD 100 NuM! RESERVE 400 ORIGIN 100 StakT MovE N,RI MOVE # NUM), RQ cLR Ro Leop ADD (RD fo ADD FF 4, Ro DEC RI paTz LOOP ‘ MOVE Ro SUM, Assembly fh BeceTon gp Thegeatns - pf scarce program waiter in on assembly [aguas oneect ho axembled inte a mathing language object propo before it on he ere A ke ad of the assembly ores& 1S delerrainis dhe Yas thal replace ne Assembles, keeps howck of cymbolic name & Label amo, cover table ‘alld symbol fable, » & Poegeaame goiter in an assermbly barguage ge aviomatic toonslted Inte & Seaver ob Machine ene by dhe Ascembler , . Assem bler f. a) » places all smbel denoting operations & addressing --mecles with binary coclos Untd in machine fustruction. * eplaces all homes § lebele, with tHecx actual values. > fs ns addnesses to Instauchons § dak blocks, st curting at address given Vn ORIGIN dinech SD Tnserts Consbsile hed trary be given th DATAWoRD didectives +s serves menor Shace gas nreqpvertecl by RESERVE disecHves, "The cygmbo! table created San tho COUR Petcqeam twice."Tee fas Assembler hos & poster * Fetsy Pass $ West out all He adtbestesef. lak As Pe assembles, Scar iscogt a SOULE P2°Gaam, it Keeps track e names of. hiumenical velus that corre spord 4% thom iv & cymbel fable ? Second Fass _ Generale gnachint coda 7 cubstiteh hg Vel, for the labels. | then a roms afpears a Second Home in the So wuee program ,1t he AS laced with ite valug tgom the toble. |r Lonver frosram : The assembler stews the abject progsars om % magnetic disk. a The object prognan most he loadiad /nte th menoiy ol, the “com putter be fox hots execetel + for this te happen another ott lity pregam called leaden aust already be'tn the memain, * Execding the loaclen porfesrs a Sequence of ip opowbions necked to transfer he gmacke language poem the dick into a shecficl — place In the menwry, he boodes, must brow the knoth the progearm dho addrex in a te hore vt asdll ba tora9 DEBUGGER TROSRA 7 abs 1s used to help #0 VA find! the Preis. emiming C2GOM5. Debugger Pega crables tha User, >to stop execution O the object p80, at t examing the contents of Vert ots, process Or oreqisters & mere! location toca Tova Gf A Shbamnank« COMMENT | [zaser | Oreretzon | OPERANDS 0 Lager « It is on optional name dsiociated with the meron ois thors tho amaching lang wage insbauel pod veed from the tected wo bo Deol @) Oreratt0N Frecp : Tt contain the op-code mhemonic inshauction @ assembler Gi) of ERANOS ¢ 3 Contains aldsvessing infoovmadion fom GCS hy on or MOND operands, depending on tHe type off of the derisel Inctauction (© Comment. qe is used fon deere perpesss to make pregram engi} fo onolens* Baste Tneut output OPERATIONS 2p The data en wlich dhe insteuetions operele a0 bo} hece scarily allyeady clored jin mem ey “Data nod te be prsfprud hetceen proceorn ¢ 6udsio tutpud devices (alisk, key boasd > ; Tn pe * Ip eponations aro essertial) , hx Ws Ong ee can haye a significant ap Om te perfesvotuce a ths Comprolor > hon a Key is foresaed dhe casxesponding AGLI cobs is chased fe 0 DATAIN neqlsten associat with the Kepboand = SIN=1 spl a character is typed th the begboard » Ths infos de processor thok & yallid character fc in Daten + SIN=0 zs lshen dhe chanades wh Frans | 440d15 fn analogous Processor takes place A%n characters ank transferred frem the nee jo tho disply ° + For dus Hranefon /b aE ister Datady b 6 gtedus Contnel OUT ans Usd , = Sout=| 2echon po dec plas 1S ready to neceive acharacten + SOLT=O 25 pda dhe chamcter I being treks Jerid fo DATAOUT othe buffer aegistor DATALN § DATAOUT § Hs Slodux flags stv § SOUT axe poo . cincortony Common ly known 24 device interfucs # Yonony Mapped lo $ > gome addsess valluss an used fo refer to periphered device buffer aepisters ouch os PATAIN § PATAOUT +> No special inglnuetions ane needed to access tho contends of the Aajisters 5 data can be faxed hoturon these “Register § the processor Using ingtauctlens such 08 Move , Load 6% Steno *> Fon example , co rites 4 dhe Ke book characte, ullen PRUIN cin bo Persfeooud to 73 ile, RI in the proces Ho jnebruc lon. Move Byte DATAIN, RI Move bye RI, DktAOUTWw "RoGkam To Reap A Ling OF CHARACTERS INC \ ote say ad wher 909 isk a Move #OC Tptialize po 1 neg HSIEH Re ie ho point to the etses 4). fiorst bocat” tn TEIN a shard dag. characte an tok . Shoal ut READ TestRrr #3, INStATUS Aleit Jory tho hawt to la| <> Beancu=0 READ sree Tn. Reybea.sd hj. Move Bite DATAIN, (Re) Teancrer ‘Ko chara fo, patazn inte He ‘trong Chis cleewsmy| 5 ECHO Test@1t #3, OUTSTATUS Whit for the display Branch=O ECHO ‘o become HHoveByte (Re), Dataovt. Move the character jus read to the display Li aregistOr Chad cleas Sort ‘of Co yport 4 CR, (Ro)4 deck j] te cDavractes, ° jot sd tothe : } is C Casniage reMein) BononchtO READ T) it S not CR phon increment tra : }who, 2 the rag em code cigrifies that to oper ize 1s & Q > Te Testbit instruction deuts thy state of ons hit in dhe destination hore tho bit positon to be tested is dicated dy dhe fimst eporad,ng snetss a tack us List Fl data albmonds wsucdly coor ols, woth the Mecessing suttrichion thet elrmnats car, added ox sormnoved ab ena end of She Lil ee eee | the tep af the stack, gne othow end vis calla the bollom. He Shyu ; a somolimar offered de sa pasclovon Shek, od stack cs O cpecial tape of alata isbiue bin, A sot ts Tae iuelad Spon one Od § elements ow cle dg came end 1 ghis ond vs Keun as bop of he stack, aes lest Tr Fret Out CLIFO) stack Working she various gposstions faired am slack : 1 g Duert > An olomud anertil from Lop ord. 9 rsen tron operation is cabltdl push qed | @ delete ; An glued is dlotel trom ond, | Geldioriveperation Js fr Gpoabon 3 A processor seston wes viel to Keep dsock of the eluant of the stack Had us 2 S&S adds0xs of tho at the top yon tiame Gdku & call he chaek pointer CSP addsasable memory sth : > T) we assume A byte J i 39-bit ward tent length © The push operon can be impleron ee) as Sobtouct #4, GP Move MEWITEM, CP) © The PP operation can he implemenctrel od move (SP), Liem Add #4, SPtMeubine fom a oft pep epesetion » SAFEPOP — ComPARE #200, P Boanchd EMPTY ERROR Move (SpobHHem clock be see if He addaese vnbue greater than 200 , Ff ve loes Fhe stack is empty + Branch eo Woo cov bhe reli for abpop abpsopsiate action © Othewatse pop tho top of. tHe efackR jnlo ment locaton ITEM. , clack pointer contauy 50 # Kouline Fos Oo cafe push operation? SAFEPUSH — (omparo #:150,5P Pranch Bilao w2.0 adic dn § scbrievedl A Gps Pe EO ee wid hem (3 the dali entire exit fro | Oe Shs evd., pon ond § é “+ dldfaonce beluseor wie ack gf BGs STACK : Queve ~ LIFO > FIFO : a +s Tixed ott |> Gre end ua to add a e Pee item § othe Jato PoP item somaeve item “2 Cha poirton is va > Tuo pointer te vaed . Tinced size > Not fixed! fee —e Cixcelas bul fpr is used to lord the aye 4 wo discect denrescl memes as _te SUBROUTINES : ase} of ps beue Won Wadd oa * A cobtask consi cl IN o} cohich ots execcitool may Subsou tine: A ld jnctauction Courses bse Cubsovtie« FAL tho end of tho eubsoutine 1 a wel Inctruc tion is eeu): ‘ y Paes resumes OXEL vont at Te instaucls, immediately foll owireg dhs. cybsoutio col X Tho Gay th ich ~ CO” uton aneckes it possi ble to call § return ao sybroutth fs 2E ersed to % its cubaovting Nnkage. methanol. x He cimplest bubs vbint inkage method re to Sowe tho xe ~ adllnese TR & specific Location, aohich may bo wm seqic hey dhs function. Such a neg tbe tine anch Jo tho declica ie Ste coblrd fhaLik Regis tex: x Whar dhe subroutine completes Ms task, He | 4 tus to the calli un tnsbowction %e ching indinectly tdowh x Phe Gl) Trstouction 1% special heancl 46 a special bsancl hs Tau hi that ' _ 7 Sinone pepo aie > Ghose tho contents PC Tato WhR sea >, Boanch to the a ad so ef a < — CEA AL OI by tho instructor.dwon Thchryetie, > ly , fe eee he a cpecial bora) b nr Ve 1 ee A 4 thact performs tho peretion: ne ° 2 7 ° the addsess Aaila ined ded, fink ~ xegts fer, pemecsy Gall tom Prey Ry jl PmOAY Subaoudiy, occ Hon Prepon lonudine Ge . A400 toll SUR > 1000 Spiel ish 904 rext tastave lon <—— . LG pein x 1000 v PL Lae CFI 4 at Rofwun + SUBROUTINE NESTING Awd THe FrocessoR STACK > Subnovtine nesting eo ane subxeviine cal anothon subxouttne. Ty this cose, the nelwnn addaess of Hee Second coll ie also ctorcd th the Ihk register, destsoy ing ite pervious cont > Hence Ait 7 eccential to cove He contents of the ling register ‘Bro Otter location before callling another subvouthe, Obhortutge to Aeforn oddaore of dha fiast cubrovt's | Lt lostcannick out | nL? at subsool;, So * Ybnoyting nesting can bo ry debth. Eventvally ,the lo called comp lobes rhe computations G Rehuours to tho cyhsovths thoil abled y, > Tho netorn addsose needed! for His [ioie} Betws I the last one genornted Pn ak hested call severe. > That ts, netwouwr addporces associaled with subsouting cals should. be pushed he acheck « per ficadbar Seg he fer is designated ax ths SP te bo Leta Pa thy | opeation, > That Js, ne bw adilrorsers, AF general y uses th aZ2TFo oadyr. | > Sig |S useol to point to Ve pococestor took |= (oll ‘i shsuction pushes tha content ¢ Hu FC onto dhs precesion stot, Rebus dashaucton pers prem the proecekso” tech Mabe Ke it eae pe = # PARAMETER PassING ¢ PRRAMET ES Sm exchange of infowmration betuseen @ calling prregecann § a Subvouting Vs ongbried fo as poromelix passing: > fe’ prrumeters oray do’ placeol ta degiestins St in memory loca ton , hore dhsy can & : accessed by tho sobsoutipe. ad es Vie Fively o afl oe stem may be pleced On th, vt Sheu \ £ ress for Saving dhe rete, 4 fheekAn For Aone, A 115* Or Number } USING. SUBKovTIng TST OF (Mee galling PAEQAt0™ > ‘ove Nk Ri serves %4 & Conky, 4 Move ANYMLRR Ra points fo the Mist (all = LISTADD Gil Svbsovtine Xs Move Ro SUM Cove nesult jl | SuBROUTINE —> Clean Ro Lihalize Sum to | rst ADD » poop Add (e+, fo Add ontiry from lict Pecsement I Banh >O LOOP i Retvsch Return to calling pope, bh ths actvall Valuolsd , He le * stactead of pasing ne ne Oe SOR, cabling Prropar porees { volue d+ Thes +techhigne fe cableal prsseng by k ncfercnce . : . a {spy pero porameten te passed by Value hi that vs , the actual number of on bales, Dy. A pusced to tho subsourins. B. : MoveMy Hiple Ro RIP) pei las onl tlLooP fush forcome fens Onto Hump CSP) Nn, -GP) LECTADD all Subnovting ; etek usp), SUM cave aesuld ep to i ° Ha, SP Restore tp ie leve) 1) ZTSTADP MyveMurxpee fo ~ RaxtsP) : opie" 4 evel 2) v Move 16 CSP), Ry Tnhfale courte, ton, Move 20 CSP Ra Trtrlre pointe, fo dhe list | clea» fo Trbtalire sun to © Add Rat, Ro Adol enti om Pocsement Ry Pearchso LOOP Move Re, 20CSP) eee MoveMulliple CSR)t F~Re Rectaso oeylshon Rebun Return to poapramMy STACK FRAME» the Svbsovbne xeayup chi REGU Pros MEAL Sf lo0, | meme, Veriables , dhe space foor tha Pb | cen alco ho allocated oh ¢ho stac ha * “ | of stack ts colhd stack Frame. “A | fox example during execution of tho Subroy}} | gis lncetiens oat he top of z stack a ) enhsres, that aro needed by dha cubrouting > Prose locatteng caonsttvte a pai veile 21084 che jor the cobsoytine, allocated athe Hrme qhs subsioutine IS enteral dle llocateol pohos Hee subroutine 0 fwd control Yo the cobbire poogon t Hy 4 ApOrTIONAL TwstRUCTIONS ® | @LOAICAL SHIFTS . — @ AeetHmersc SHIFTS | | @ Rotate : @ LotreaL. SHIFT | Loe Logrcal SHIFT Rr6HS | S fosica. SHIFT LEFT O AerrymeTic SHIFT ng y) L > ARITHMETIC cure T RIGHT > AertHMetxre SHIFT LEFT a ©. RorATE , > Let AS bate Oo > RIGHT Wt Cars ¢ Li thout Coscety .® logreaL SHIFTS ¢ LOGI 7 % uc inskretions ship oh eponaed eve" a ’ Hons specified in 4 cou hambes, of bi} pesit ‘ p an “ck{__&_k —-° #22, Kher Bl euro] )| FSH” ale 1Merve #100, R Ro points te date Move Byte Ch) +, Ri Load pisst byto inb Fy jshifel Aa, R! chit left by 4 Bi) gslny Move Byte CRod, Ro Load Leo bile into Re And. HSE, Ro Eliminate high ardo, bik; Rj, R9 Concatenahe He Bik On More by e pa, PACKED Store the FE ofoTsTe OPERATIONS « «In shift cporations ,ihe bits gifted out of to © enand ase lost, except {ow Ho lost bit shifted out which aut 1S gekoined in te Cosisy flag-€ >To paesenve all bik, a set o}- oxo tate Nas tavctions Can . -> Thay move Gha bits thot ang chipied oud of one end of the operard| beck nto Yo oth, ord > fae versions BI both the left g pip ne iS tnehauchons orf ugually ove Den vorkon, a Bits of de operarc 1S simply sxotated . ® Tn the other vexdieh , tre goretton tnclaoles thes tf lag.-——————— 7 folabe lef catthont Ge foleted. el, ane ‘before W + ef > Roteds left with om folate LC a RIC R3,#2 Hee TL [OUO OTT qj W Wo onaaT » Rotate sight col tout Gory [oH RotatoR pe: (STOO «RR RG, a forte RC RCR R349en ee eee y Ea OD NG OF Mac Hine Two rRvcTION 3 , 0 be executed in a paccestor ,an instavclion mist he encoded In a binary pattern Such encore’ TInokyuctions, ao edeacd lo 22, Mecchine Tho te vehions- Te instsuc Hong that use Ss anboli'c pane § ACHOKYMS ARO callbec| assembly language mskxuc bons Wie have seer Pretsuctions that perfoum seach os! add, bloat, move, shift, xolate G boanch . These inshore Hons mar ULL operands of differed gives, Subhas 38-bit § 8 bit numbers , etet 4& examine some typleal entes. Add RI, R25! 25 > The negistors RI g Ra in addition fo theOP co 74 ho Processé2 hos 16 areqisters , thin & bits ano heeded Yo delertfy cach cree ish -» Additional bits axe need! to indicate thot the register add.sescing mecle ic used. for each operand «Sho eb cocle for qiven inskevetts,, sqexs ol, 14 pe of operation that fs to he fofoumal. ounce § destinahion fill seers to Source § destined ion operand sespectively. Fhe athen info field allows us to specify dhe additional in ermal” thet raw ho heecloal ugh a8 an index velie o% an immediate operanol. 'Srl ‘seem , Using mol tiplet Neghervel Jusoorcla 7 we Can Implennt complea jnatavchions ,aseby Sexembling oporc tions in high le Vel Lai The fesum complex ing teavcth cet compulir, (ers) safors to pereceese> that vary > CISC oosh pesulls in Prshsxuct? of vex}able leng Hh ) depordent on the ho, opexonols § te tape of addnessireg reel ap used + Th RISC (Reduced instruct” set approcch) ory Pngtavetion occupie® dou Word, + The RES oppsocrch srbseduced otter sechaich ons euch ax that alll aranripulal, of dota rue ho done On operondls tat asx. ale already an deg ts Fens. £3 Add Rl PB, Rs » In RISC type machine tho m creferon crs te limited to wry debe / ghoke opesation |) hshauet ° OF Gla Destanal esther infe- two cond, > [OPadeT Source | Dost other inf] Jee coc” ° 0 Pade Source | Dost —lother inf] 1.t