Introduction to

Wastewater Treatment
Ir. Rachmat Tulloh Shiddekh
Board of Director Sumatek Group
Biography

• Born in Bekasi, 2 April 1969; currently live and work in Bekasi

• Formal Education
• Primary School: SDN Cibuntu), Junior High School: SMPN Cibitung, Senior High School: SMAN-1 Bekasi 1976 –
1988
• College: Graduated S-1 Chemical Engineering (TK) – ITB Bandung : 1988 – 1994; Post Graduated Program Profesi
Insinyur (PPI) TK-ITB : 2020-2021

• Non-Formal Education/Training
• Technical : Kurita-Japan, Salcon-Singapore, Total Campus-Asia Pacific, Sunrui-China
• EPCC : Elnusa/FJM-Jakarta, Sinergi Consultant-Jakarta
• HSEQ : Total Campus-Asia Pacific, International SOS-Jakarta, MedicOne-Jakarta, MIGAS-Jakarta, EBTKE-Jakarta,
JDDC-Jakarta, MAAP-Manila
• Security & Human Right : Stratos Inc./International Alert-Jakarta
• Management: Arrowhead/Lloyd’s-Jakarta, Prasetya Mulya-Jakarta, The Achieve Wise-Jakarta, Sinergi
Consulting-Jakarta
Biography
• Work Fields
• Water & Wastewater Processing, Oil & Gas, Green & Renewable Energy and Power Plant
• Career
• Process Engineer - Assistant Manager of PT. Kuritec Indonesia (Affiliate of KWI Japan)
• Overseas Commissioning Engineer of Salcon Limited (Singapore)
• Senior Process Engineer - Deputy Project Manager of PT. Elnusa Petro Teknik (Affiliate of Pertamina)
• Project Manager, HSEQ Manager, Engineering Manager, General Manager – Retail of PT. Total Oil Indonesia (Affiliate
of Total SA France)
• Project Director, Operation Director (COO) of Pasadena Group
• Board of Director (BoD) of Sumatek Group
• Engineer Red Cord
• Design Process (BFD/PFD/HMB/P&ID/Plot Plan), Proposal (Technical/Scope of Works/Commercial), Negotiation,
Project Management and Execution (EPCC), HSEQ
• Engineer Profession
• Uphold the Code of Conduct and Integrity Pact
• Respect the Norms, Standards, Rules and Regulations
• Keep away the Bribery/Fraud
Understanding of Wastewater Parameters
What is the parameter of Wastewater [industry] ?

• Temperature [> 35 oC] ➔ Hot Wastewater

• pH [out of range 6 – 9] ➔ range 1 – 5: Acidic Wastewater, range 9 – 14: Alkaline
Wastewater
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS) – Solids & Colloids Impurities
• Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODCr) –
Organics Impurities
• [Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sn, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, As, CN, F] – Dissolved
Solids/Methal Impurities
• Oil & Grease – Oily Water [Free Oil, Emulsion]
Primary Treatment of Wastewater Parameters
Treatment Process based on Empirical/Experiences [Proven Data]
1. Temperature [> 35 oC]
Cooling Process ➔ To decrease the temperature of hot wastewater
as per requrement
Equipment
▪ Cooling Tower [Induce Draft Counter Flow - Open Type] - high range > 5 oC
❖ Once trough cooling route
❖ Not required more space
▪ Equalization Basin c/w Air Mixing - low range < 5 oC
❖ Open RC Basin with 6-12 hrs HRT introduced by Air Blower [1 Nm3-Air/h/m3-
basin]+Perforated Pipe Networks
❖ Required more space
▪ Instrument: Temperature Gauge (In/Out)
Primary Treatment of Wastewater Parameters
2. pH [out of range 6 – 9]
Range 1 – 5 : Acidic Wastewater, Range 9 – 14 : Alkaline Wastewater
➔
▪ Acidic condition ➔ dosed by Acid Solution [Sulphuric/H2SO4 5-10%, Chloride/HCl
10%]
▪ Alkaline condition ➔ dosed by Base Solution [Lime/Ca(OH)2 5-10%,
Caustic/NaOH 10-20%]
➔
▪ Acidic wastewater ➔ neutralized by Base Solution [Caustic/NaOH 10-20%]
▪ Alkaline wastewater ➔ neutralized by Acid Solution [Sulphuric/H2SO4 5-10%,
Chloride/HCl 10%]
Equipment
• pH Adjustment/Neutralization Tank: Open RC/CS Basin coated FRP Lining [acidic
wastewater] with 10-30 min HRT + equipped with Mixer 0.2 kW/m3 180 rpm [SS-
304 Blade & Shaft] and Inline pH Meter interlock with chemical [base/acid]
solution dosing [on-off control valve with timer/Intermittent]
Primary Treatment of Wastewater Parameters
3. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) – Solids Impurities
Content: Fine particles and Colloids [extremely small particles at the upper end
of size range for ions and molecules]; Unit: mg/l or ppm

▪ Coagulant ➔ Alum (8%), PAC (10-12%), FeCl3 (35%), FeSO4

▪ Flocculant ➔ Polymer (0.1%)

▪ Settling/Sedimentation ➔ Settled flocs [sludge]

▪ Floatation ➔ Floating flocs [scum]
Primary Treatment of Wastewater Parameters
3. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) – Solids Impurities
Equipment
• Coagulation & Flocculation Tank: @Open RC/CS Tank coated Epoxy
Lining with 10-30 min RT + equipped with Mixer [SS-304 Blade &
Shaft] 0.2 kW/m3 180 rpm [Coagulation], 0.1 kW/m3 90 rpm
[Flocculation] and Wastewater Inlet interlock with chemical
[coagulant/flocculant] solution dosing pump

• Settling Tank: Open RC/CS Tank coated Epoxy Lining with UFR 0.8 - 1
mph + equipped with 0.4 kW Cyclo Driver Rake Scrapper, Trough,
Feedwell, Cone, and V-Notch; and Sludge Draw-Off Pump

• Dissoved Air Floatation (DAF): Open RC/CS Tank coated Epoxy Lining
with UFR 7 mph + equipped with 0.4 kW Cyclo Driver Rake Scrapper &
Scum Skimmer, Inner Shell and Saturated Air Injection (25%)
Primary Treatment of Wastewater Parameters
4. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical
Oxygen Demand (CODCr) – Organics Impurities
Content: Organics matter both natural and synthetic molecules [C, H]; Unit:
mg/l or ppm as O2

➔
Primary Treatment of Wastewater Parameters
4. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical
Oxygen Demand (CODCr) – Organics Impurities
Equipment
• ASM: Aeration Tank - Open RC Tank with compartment, organic
loading rate (OLR) 0.6 kgBOD/m3.day + equipped with mixing Air
Blower 60 m3-Air/kgBOD + Piping Networks and Air Diffusers; Settling
Tank with UFR 0.4-0.7 mph + equipped with 0.4 kW Cyclo Driver Rake
Scrapper, Trough, Feedwell, Cone, and V-Notch; Return Sludge Pump
[Cap. 1:1 ratio with Inlet Wastewater], and Sludge Draw-Off (Daily)

• AD: Mixing Tank - Open RC Tank with 1 hr HRT; Anaerobic Reactor -

Covered Lagoon with compartment, organic loading rate (OLR) 0.5 - 2.0
kgCOD/m3.day and HRT 40-120 days; Feed Pump & Slurry Circulation
Pumps + Perforated Piping Networks at each compartment [Cap. 2:1
ratio with Inlet Wastewater] and Sludge Draw-Off (periodic 6-12
Months)
Primary Treatment of Wastewater Parameters
5. Heavy Metals – Dissolved Solids/Mineral Impurities
Content: Dissolved Methal (Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sn, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, As, CN, F)
discharged from Electroplating Factory/ Methal Processing
factory/Catalyst Factory; Unit: mg/l or ppm

▪ Dissolved Methal : Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sn, Mn, Pb, As, F
▪ pH Adjusment : Acid: H2SO4, Base: Ca(OH)2

▪ Dissolved Methal : Cr, CN

▪ Reducing Agent: NaHSO3, NaClO

Equipment
• RedOx Tank: Open RC Tank with 1-2 hr HRT, c/w FRP Lining, equipped with
Mixer, pH Meter, and ORP Meter
Primary Treatment of Wastewater Parameters
6. Oil & Grease – Oily Water (Free Oil, Emulsion Oil)
Content: Mineral or Vegetable Oil; Unit: mg/l or ppm

Oil Separator (Separation base on the difference of

Specific Gravity, SG Oil 0.75 - 0.90, Water 1.0)

Emulsion Break (Acidification pH 2) +

Coagulation-Flocculation-Floatation

Equipment
• Free Oil: Oil-Water Separator UFR 15 mph c/w inclined
interceptor
• Emulsion Oil: Emulsion Break Tank 1 hr HRT with FRP
Lining c/w Mixer, and pH Meter
Wastewater Sample Audit
Sample Collecting
Sample collecting for Laboratory Analysis and or Jar Test purposes
 On the spot collecting samples; from source of wastewater take 2 sterilized glass bottles [@1 liter] for 3-5 days
 Continueous collecting sample; apply Peristaltic Pump to collect sample in Pail [25 liter] take sample 2 sterilized
glass bottles [@1 liter] for 3-5 days
 Check Temperature and pH on the spot during collecting sample
 If no source wastewater available, use similar wastewater laboratory analysis data [for Design Purpose] or make
similar/synthesis wastewater [for Jar Test]

 Require sample quantity 2 liters

 Check quality [parameters] of wastewater base on kinds of industry [pH, TSS, Organics (BOD/COD), Heavy Methal,
Oil/Grease]
 No more than 2 days sample stored for BOD analysis, store shall be in 4 oC container

 Require sample quantity 5 liters

 Check dosing of chemicals [pH Adjust, Coagulant, Flocculant], diameter of flocs, settle/floating time
Case Study
Project - TSS Removal Package

Flowrate [Design Capacity]

18.9 m3/h x 24 hrs/day [454 m3/day]

Raw Wastewater Quality

 pH : 8 - 9
 TSS : 22.945 mg/l [2.3 %]

Treated Wastewater Quality

 pH : 6 - 9
 TSS : < 200 mg/l

❑ Automatic, 24 hrs/Day
Case Study
Project - TSS Removal Package

 No actual sample of wastewater due to the factory still under

engineering phase, so conduct to synthesis the similar sample
wastewater in Laboratory [Lime dissolved into water and
inject/neutralized by CO2 to get wastewater content CaCO3 at pH 9]
 Chemical Dosing : Coagulant [PAC 10%] - 25 mg/l; Flocculant
[Polymer 0.1%] - 1 mg/l
 Flocs : D6 - D7 [Good]
 Settlement : 5 sec/4 cm
Case Study
Project - TSS Removal Package

❑ Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation (CFS)
❑ Chemical Dosing Unit [CDU] (Coagulant/PAC, Flocculant/Polymer)
❑ Sludge Dewatering [Filter Press]
Terima kasih