Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A client is the organizational and legal entity in the SAP system at the top of the organizational unit hierarchy.
Organizational, master, and transactional data are maintained on the client level. The main objective of the client is to
keep this data completely isolated from the other clients. The master and transactional data in a client are only visible
within that client.
Client
– Development – Training/education
– Quality – Demo
– Production – SAP reference
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Company: the company is generally used to depict the legal entity per the local commercial law
and for intercompany transaction posting. A company’s financial statements are often used to form
the basis of consolidated financial statements, which you would use in the group reporting solution.
All the company codes assigned to a company must use the same chart of accounts and fiscal year,
but typically a separate company is created and assigned to each company code.
Company Code: A company code is the most fundamental organizational unit for financial
accounting in the SAP S/4HANA system. It represents the legal entity for which a complete, self-
contained set of accounts can be created. This includes both accounts needed for the entry of all
posting transactions and all items for legally required financial statements (e.g., the balance sheet
and the profit and loss [P&L] statement) for the local authorities.
Functional Area classifies the expenses of an organization by function, such as administration, sales
and distribution, marketing, production, research and development (R&D), and so on.. When
defining a functional area, you enter a four-character alphanumeric key and the name of the
functional area. This is created at Client level, So every company code of within client use it.
This organizational unit represents the area in which customer credit is awarded and monitored. The
same area can be assigned to several company codes if credit control is performed similarly across
multiple company codes. In SAP S/4HANA, credit control areas are linked to credit segments
maintained in the SAP Credit Management. Credit segments are required for determining credit
limits.
If you set this indicator, you can manually overwrite the credit control area defaulted from the
company code's global data while document posting.
When making changes to documents, you cannot change the credit control area.
Chart of accounts: This is a list of all general ledger used by one or several company code.
Operational chart of accounts: This required chart of accounts contains the accounts used for
transactions and is assigned to the company code in the global parameters.
Country or alternative chart of accounts: This optional chart of accounts contains accounts that
map one to one to the operational accounts and is usually used to report according to local legal
standards. This chart of accounts is used when issuing financial statements to country authorities.
This is also assigned to the company code in the global parameters.
Group chart of accounts: This optional chart of accounts contains the accounts used on the group
level. You can assign many operational accounts to a single group account, but not the other way
around. In other words, you generally have fewer accounts in the group chart of accounts than the
operational chart of accounts. The group chart of accounts is assigned to the operational chart of
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accounts, not the company code. When the group chart of accounts is used, each operational
account must be assigned to a group account.
Process: Go to Position
Give Company Code HACV Save
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Account groups: Account group is a summary of accounts used on criteria that effect when master
records are created.
The account group of an account determines the fields available for entry in the company code
segment of the G/L account and defines the number range an G/L account can be created in.
The field status can be adjusted in the following ways: (Priority Highest to Lowest)
Suppress: The field isn’t shown and can’t be entered in the screen.
Display: The field is shown on the screen, but values can’t be changed.
Req. Entry: The field must be filled.
Opt. Entry: The field can be filled.
Save
There are 4 account type given in SAP S/4 HANA and they are by default and must be used while
creation of general ledger account only in S/4 HANA.
1. Balance sheet account: This account is for any account that isn’t a P&L account.
2. Primary costs or revenue: This account is for P&L accounts that are used to reflect normal
operating costs and revenues of the company. These accounts are integrated with
Controlling.
3. Secondary costs: This account is for accounts used for internal cost allocations in
Controlling.
4. Nonoperating expense or income: This account is for P&L accounts that reflect gains or
losses from activities that aren’t from the main businesses of the company, such as profit
from an asset sale or capital gains for a consulting firm. These aren’t integrated with
Controlling.
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In the Year End, all P& L A/c Balances to be transferred to Surplus in Reserves & Surplus (
Retained Earnings) Account. All Balance Sheet item balances to be carried forward to Next Year to
the same accounts as Opening Balances. This step is required to do at the end of the year.
But in SAP , it has made mandatory at the time of Implementation itself. The reason behind this is
Consultant will not be available at the time of Closing the books of accounts for the year. System
does not know which account balances to be transferred to "Surplus in Reserves & Surplus"
Account and which account balances to be carry forward to next year as opening balances of the
same account.
Generally a period of 12 months for which the company produces financial statements and takes inventory
Variant defining the relationship between the calendar and fiscal year. The fiscal year variant specifies the
number of periods and special periods in a fiscal year and how the system is to determine the assigned
posting periods
- If Fiscal Year period is from April '19 to March '20, in SAP it is called as Fiscal Year 2019
- If Fiscal Year period is from July ‘19 to June ‘20, in SAP it is called as Fiscal Year 2019
- If Fiscal Year period is from Oct ‘19 to Sept ‘20, in SAP it is called as Fiscal Year 2020
Logic behind this is based on Number of Months covered in Next Calendar Year. If in next Calendar Year
Period is above 6 months , call it as Next Year , otherwise call with the same year.
Scenario –I
Conversion for A/c Year from Apr 2019 to March 2020 ( Fisc. Year 2019)
Year
Month Days Periods
Shifting
January 1 31 10 -1
February 2 29 11 -1
For Accounting Year 2019-2020,
March 3 31 12 -1 April will be the 1st Month
April 4 30 1 0 For April Calendar year =2019
May 5 31 2 0 For April Fiscal Year = 2019
June 6 30 3 0 So, Year Shift is "0" ( 2019-2020)
July 7 31 4 0
But for Jan to March , Cal Year =2020
August 8 31 5 0
Fiscal Year = 2019
September 9 30 6 0
So, Year Shift = "-1" ( 2019-2020)
October 10 31 7 0 When we post document for Jan-2020
November 11 30 8 0 it should updated the FY. 2019 ledger But
December 12 31 9 0 not the 2020, so Year shift= -1.
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Scenario –II
Conversion for A/c Year from Oct 2019 to Sep 2020 ( Fisc. Year 2020)
Year
Month Days Periods
Shifting
January 1 31 4 0
February 2 29 5 0
For Accounting Year 2019-2020,
March 3 31 6 0 October will be the 1st Month
April 4 30 7 0 For October Calendar year =2019
May 5 31 8 0 For April Fiscal Year = 2020
June 6 30 9 0 So, Year Shift is "+1" ( 2020-2019)
July 7 31 10 0
But for Jan to Sept , Cal Year =2020
August 8 31 11 0
Fiscal Year = 2020
September 9 30 12 0
So, Year Shift = "0" ( 2020-2020)
October 10 31 1 +1 When we post document for Jan-2020
November 11 30 2 +1 it should updated the FY. 2020 ledger But
December 12 31 3 +1 not the 2019, so Year shift= 0.
We are using Two Calendar Years & One Fiscal Year in Indian Scenario
The non-defined Calendar Year is to be shifting is to defined Calendar Year
Double on Period Text
Go to New Entries
Period within a fiscal year for which transaction figures are updated. Every transaction that is posted is
assigned to a particular posting period. The transaction figures are then updated for this period
14.1 Define variant For Open Closing Posting Periods TR Code OBBO
A variant that controls the open and closed periods for company codes. You can assign multiple company
codes to a single variant to control the periods jointly.
Process : Go to Position
Give Company Code HACV Save
The specific account type takes precedence over the generic one (e.g., S is stronger than +). Within
each account type, you can also specify account ranges to further detail the period assignments.
SAP ECC
You maintain intervals 1 & 2 in SAP ECC and 1, 2 & 3 in SAP S/4 HANA:
Interval 1 controls the normal operative periods, which are the posting periods that are open for daily
posting during the year.
Interval 2 controls the valuating (also known as special) periods, in which you enter the special periods you
can still post to for the previous year. Local regulations and corporate policy dictate until when and what kind
of posting to the previous year is allowed.
Interval 3 controls the Controlling-related postings, meaning those documents posted through controlling
applications and updating the general ledger (i.e., all Controlling applications in SAP S/4HANA). There is a
separate interval for this because controlling allocations and reposting usually are allowed for a while after
the financial accounting postings have stopped.
AuGr: Basis Consultant will create Authorization Group Say "X" and assign user ID's say Manager and
Dy.Manager of Accounts to this Group. Hence these 2 people only can access the screen and make
changes in opening periods.
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Click on COArea = CCode (if company code and controlling Area are same)
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A method in Controlling for displaying the relationship between the controlling area and the company codes.
Assignment control is supported by the indicator CoCo->COAr, which takes either value 1 or 2:
In SAP S/4 HANA, The operating concern is the organizational unit of profitability analysis (CO-
PA). There are two types of profitability analysis: costing-based and account-based. The most
innovative option in SAP S/4HANA and the one most relevant to understand for financial
accounting consultants is the account-based CO-PA.
Click on Save
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Path: IMG Controlling General Controlling Organization Maintain Number Ranges for
Controlling Documents
We will copy number ranges from the SAP delivered controlling area 001.
Note that the number intervals are not included in the customizing request they need to be
transported manually. Click on IntervalTransport form one system to another.
To ensure data consistency, you should not transport number ranges for CO documents, but rather
create them manually in the target system. Or else you can create from scratch.
Press Enter
Click on “Settings for Each Fiscal Year” where Versions “0” are automatically created for 5
fiscal years.
Segments are used as a dimension for reporting purposes. When you create a segment, you assign
an alphanumeric code up to 10 characters. Organizationally, segments are one level above profit
centers. Multiple profit centers can be assigned to the same segment. Segment reporting was
introduced to fulfil reporting requirements on financial statements for certain accounting principles
such as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and US Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP). During posting the segment will be derived from the profit center.
Save it
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Although profit centers are typically considered master data in the SAP S/4HANA system, they act
more like organizational units in accounting. A profit center rep-resents an area of responsibility
within a corporation for which you can make profit calculations; in other words, it has costs and
revenues that are directly or indirectly assignable to it. Profit centers typically represent an
organizational unit within the company. Profit centers are always assigned to a standard hierarchy.
Path: SPROIMG Financial Accounting General Ledger Accounting Master Data Profit
Center Activate Profit Center Accounting in Controlling Area
Save it
Path: SPROIMG Financial Accounting General Ledger Accounting Master Data Profit
Center Activate Profit Center Accounting in Controlling Area
Enter require details in Basic Data, and check company code in company codes tab.
If everything Ok than Activate Profit center.
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20 Cost Center
Cost center in SAP is a location where the costs are occurred inside the organization. In SAP cost
center is the lowest organizational unit in controlling enterprise structure.
Cost centers are responsibility areas for costs within organization and used to capture actual costs of
an organization. Costs can be captured as per department wise, product wise, area wise,
responsibility person wise, etc
Save it
Document type plays a very important role in SAP ERP and is defined by two-character values.
This two character key distinguishes the business transaction to be posted, such as vendor invoice,
customer invoice, vendor invoice payment, and so on. It also determines document storage and the
account to be posted. For example, the document type DR indicates a customer invoice posted to a
customer account. Below lists some of the important document types. The importance of the
document type is that it determines documents to be posted, the document storage type, and the
account type to be posted.
SAP has already defined the document types for various transactions; we can use those document
types.
Process: Go to Position
Give Document Type SA Enter
Select SA
Every document type should be assigned with a number range (which was defined by SAP). For
that number range we have to assign the number range interval. With the help of number range
interval the system stores the data in serially. The screen appearance of the document type is as
under. The number range can be given in the following screen itself by selecting the number range
information button or if we want to give separately.
Posting keys are used either to debit the account or credit account. With definition of posting keys
we can also control field status of accounts. SAP has already defined the posting keys we can use
those as it is. Otherwise if the client specifically requests you to create defined postings we can
define them as per the request. The following are the important posting keys.
The Field Status Group defines the field status of the various account assignments you make
during posting to the G/L account. There are many standard delivered field status groups, and
you can also define your own to fit your particular requirements There are 41 field status groups.
Go to Position
Give Company Code HACV Enter Assign Field Status variant HACV Save
In real time the system does not allow the users to process and post transactions beyond these limits
set according to the tolerance groups. Tolerances groups are created by Basis Consultant and
authorizations given to employees in the organization.
The advantage of using tolerances is that during posting, the system will automatically determine if
payment differences are within the acceptable limits you defined. If a payment difference is within
the payment difference limit, the system will accept the posting. If a payment difference posting
exceeds the specified limit, the system will reject the posting. Tolerances reduce potential posting
errors made by accounting clerks during document entry.
Note: Don’t give the tolerance groups in your individual systems. Null group permit all
users. If you mention the user group it allows the particular group only. For Practice
environment. It is advisable to process with null group.
Go to New Entries
Give Company Code HACV
Give Description Tolerance Group for HACV Save
Tolerance groups set for employees define what an employee is permitted to post to the system. In
order for the system to automatically determine the amount an employee can post to the system per
document and per open items, you need to specify the following settings:
• Amount per Document: This is the maximum amount per document an employee is authorized
to post. It is important to note that an employee will not be able to exceed the amount entered here
during document posting.
• Amount per Open Item Account Item: This is the maximum amount per open item that the
employee can enter in the line item in a vendor/customer account. An employee can post only an
amount up to the specified amount made here per open item. The system will reject anything
exceeding the specified amount.
• Cash Discount per Line Item: This is the maximum cash percentage discount per line item that
the employee can grant. When an employee grants a discount during document posting, the system
will check to make sure that the discount granted is within acceptable levels, per the line item you
define here.
Select HACV
Select Details Button F2
Fiscal Year Variant V3
Select Business Area Financial Statements
Select Propose Fiscal Year
Select Negative Postings Allowed Select Cash Management Activated Save