R2) hlaunp iu

SUurte agistus (RI

or
OM onc
0

Bunauy Adcler- Sublrator

nunMbes can be cleme
done masf
The usluiey 0 biny
. The susTrom
covwenunly by mans o} Cemplemen
A-B can he dene y Jurg Ceplemant 8
C a he dena
nd
Cund add t t A The 2's emplemant
to
by fak Th mplamant and addinp One
The 1s m p lameny Can
uaot nijican pas ahit.
Can beR
ialnernted i weainp-)and a e
added to le sum thuouy tha
mpu Ca y

The ad dlilte and SuSTralaen UTuralieu cam hhe

cembined s ene commen ucuir y nludi On
exdusu -OR gate with 2ath ull-adder A y - r
cineuut u 4hawo m 6 -7.
addar- Sustrouor
82 22 B Bo 1Ao
B3 3
M-o(A)
(S)

Co
C3 C2
fA

S So
Cy S2
4-6it Qdder
Sustradtor A 8Y
t -1:

M pnlwis tha Operaluem

Tewmode mput
The
he u i t ia an addir and
Whn M-0
Dhan M Je inut heueme a Sustrator
Eah endusue - OR goto Auive npud Mnd g ha

when M 0, we hae 8o . T ful- adds

oo0, o
PA AAne he vou 8, h nput Couy uu O, Lnd
Cor ciuuir
eprm A u B $oOie,
So1, 1
When
M , A u e Anaue & 0 o
G and Co- I tke
p t a C cul Cemplasnankod and a Cdda cd
o
h n maut coy
The uit puprma Jhe peraon A lus the 2's permant
2's mlemat

o ngnid numnbem i e s A-8 Aze

A 1oto (o), 8= Iou(u)
th 2's emplemant B-A)it A<B. ' s tnnpB O00+1=Olol
A+3 tolo +olol 1 =

for u d nunbeu
9 oult u -
2's onp
1I1 000]
Puetidlad aa
na th no unlas.
Binoay inantu O

+8 oto
t oi20oo
The ca
mnamnt uubuDeratiom adds ne to aO ubu m
a uaguair.

for
augistur u- sit) Jnas a binay value olO u
OI aktar Clunted
wnp Lemanta d wim a
kinasy Coukir
The duorram a 5 Certnbinaen üuait unarnanTer
shonm im 4-8

A2 A Ao

HA HA HA HA
C S S
C S "So
d9 -3 4t binay ncAermen tan
On p ud t h Joast i cant

ha Gddar() u to
wn0ead to Aic 1 and tt e

Cnneued Reost 4nii cant

nohemantad The Quu
br he nunbu to e
wmetad to ue
om m e a - a d cler
u
O Apnur

the Th nut-,oAdas noly-adder The

wpAte
Ao Aa
uir ALUUeA he
and gnurates the mlmsnad
adds o to ,
Ouhur So thuu S2 TAe 0ulru coy y
1 Thus
ha
iw ony our nrnntiy binuy
alyo caum Outpu So Thuul S ta 90 to 0
The ciuit Agun ? can he extencded to a
m b binoy eunantar by extndL ciaram
4 odds La - addars. The ast uificant hit
ust aue oe inpuf connautadto dozic-1. 7
number t w CALanaol
Oth w u AAA e
0A e couy eo pAaut ous sta
Anmelo i n t
stad i
erotuenuad w Toe
10e 33 Can e
iwup
Th ouuthmaluu
The
authnlu uuit. The
wplacnared i One Cemout
Cuuhmw
bu mnpaninf d1 an
to e
adder. omtolu
e dada imp t
orallal y
addarr 'u ppcisla t dytain dHnnT yu Ut

nthmea opeatieu.
wnawm m tune
aithmeu inaut u
The duapra
u
in
S

Ao

Bo x
Lt MUX
Yo C

A X CI

MUX

A
C
S
SA
uXI -D
MUX

So
D3
MUX C

ne 4-9: u-bit Ceut

Atnali u t
mpomon 0Guuthmale dimuit
porollal oddas.
ir posüle dui dolo
cala
pipuls to
operoi todain dilu
Onlain to l adder
adder
imuiu
 9+ a our ful odcder u na atituk 25
t addar and fuur ulua turoi i Cfn
Optraiow

TeAR tuv u. t wpul A and B And a

ohu D
Te ur ipu wom A go clitly to x
inpaua
kour p u
odde
Cua wneufod to data wmpta multploy
3he emplunant
The muliplaxe dalo pul a A
a Umnuid
7i ofh
o doto impu
O. Ts
Lec -
0 and Jure- 1.
vlue and ui-1
aghe-o o tmd voo
whou
thrup an mww
nacon
ha 9anaraad
wpf u o

muliplax e Oa mllad by Aahutim

pa Sand So
Tha wput Coy Gn ou t COy
put o

oast iphicas pocdien. TLe hin

JheA
ATagr to
CowA

TOuur t bnyaddn i calulatad tom

rowig Gilhmgli u

DA+Y+ Ci
whL A ' 1e u bAna numbu ar X pu
Qnd y iu 1 y- bu anauy nunbt Ct I y mpuua

0dhe nwy uddes

he epa to 0 cN .
un e mpu Co
Coy wwh can
 byCmao Uuy valua U} Y wu he Two Aedisu
wp u S, and So Gnd mau Cin nal t O or 1
it
pos isle tw rrta it uuthmili
Operaionuitad
I(ble y-4 Aithno t Taale
Taale -y-y.
Selecr uinuit Autuso TaRa
nput Outrut
SSo Mirmpertien
O O
D-Aty+ Cn
B
D: A+ B Add
O D AtB t
Add wd Cay
D AtB
Sustact witn borro
D At B+
Sustaat
D A ranser A
D= A+1
D= A-1 ncenent A
D= A DecAment A
So Teanser A
Dwsnan | D- ) Si So n
A 000
-000K
(iraer A)
ol

(looo 0m Oloto
aut cawy
D- A
 Addiliow: hen S, So=o0 vglue
to theY wput c e gddur. an=0, J Oulnu
D Ar8. 9 Cin- Outpu D=t8tI. Bet Cali3
peko eadd JOpesalurn o o sow addine
inpAd
pud co
Subtrodien han SiSo = 0, plamant
anpd t pu Q Cd der. Cn', n
add D A+8+ This puoduus A pus he a's
n
Comyfa
o 8, Snu 'a
ivalunt to a Cuskrocen d
whn 0, D A+ Thi eiralent
t a Suslrau wh kovron , aar u A-8-1
oomanN: Whon S So lo, e
mpua
ludod and
and taad, Cul o's ne eted wlo he
Y npat The 0uur hauemeA
D A+0 + in. This
giwA DA whan Cin = 0 nd D A+1 Whe i =
i.
nn u s C a we aue a dunuu tanse (om

ipud A t0iput D. 9n Auend cOs te v u

O A naenad by
euunent: who SSo11, a 's Cne wutad iwls

y wpu oddar to P L u The dauameat

OperoioM D A-1 Whun Cin = 0 Th A huaune a

Tunb 01's ual t e 2's

mp lemant
1 ' s Coplorean ina O001 s 1111). Addin a
nuehu 2 p lernens + 2's
puwcluts :
Ceplarnad d1= A-1. whon in 1 en DA-1+1-A
a diu tannuerYo input A to 0utrur
ThO
Looperole) D A Genaralad wnca so n
 9F

UAn diund miwvperatuen

Guhrnu uni
os Mwneuperotkeng
gic miwperutuen spuiry binau operaiovm or n
Thne utiioud Coidn eauh

aginlan SeparoKa nd trak thm

biny VGHasl

eexiuD - 0R iUperation wt
conin
Agi o R anc e2 u ymboizedby e datimann

P: RI RR2
t &puAa sic mLoperaven to h cad n
3 vediui dual bik uaiolius puouúded ar
P I
RI 1ot0, R2 lloo
Conar R
Contant oR2
oILO Contenr dRI aer P-
The Loie miuuwuper0tieng C Anlcowm ued
n sniie
Copudcuons but Ly Cue br
nanip uIakuo
i n dofa ancd urm0ing sge oleintons.

Speua Symbsds:-
V OR mioperolaen

AND
Cemplarnent S Comp loman
ew

))
 +u wnecl to Symbouze ulhmalu
on pls J
a wi o uperaion
t lnas 2
OnL
t dlanot
an Citmelu puu .
whan ir ocu in a ww (or Buvaan) huntian i
w densta am OR
perutign.
t(+) to Symboüze an 0R mi uperalin.
P+Q RI R2+ R3, RuRSVR6
+ beliuanP amd Q A 0
wv b n y voallu am umtin.
The+belue R2 and R3 Speupie an add mup
- AOuem.
Tha 0 musUjperotuo s daipnuad ty T mbu

V beliun Rg and R6
ne Miuperotong
he petormd
TKae L |b dean
perodoa dkar can
wi o bn VoraNeA Tey Can he cduhrurLod s m
-luuth aslas slanad t t in
a possue

Tal kur 16 udie w Vaniasles

Tase 4-5 Tuth

O
o o 00 0

o O O
dn thu a t , 2ath o e 6 coumn fo thuoup fis

Mpayent a t t h tale po s Buolean umdion

Le
a n c d p U A A C d a

mmum
ana
unue
u ndu
The
The
and
and an
sles nation
vO Lenbi
6 hinay
dlminad m
das be auymaod to
w
vonalis andy C
dma
The 16 buytaanunoa umo Take y-
t Ast
pmad oupehrtic korm
Miuwrperalom

TOsRe y-6: Sin w wie

Jad Name

Buulean kundion MiLoUperatiom

fo O
f AAB AND

fe An
43 * Tansler A
fe AAB

anser
Euust - 0
Ce
1 ty fe Av8eenrng OR
8 ) NOR
f- A8 Exus - NoR
feB Cemplanannt 8
Av 8 + t
y)
fe
Comp larment A
13
fAV&8
fe Ans
AND
S
Set 0aU T's
The 16 J
h laun Dpurgigd
nae 0 duuRd
y
ina Centant ot Fundion
ny Centinr
ean

Buvlaan fun dun

MuUnar gun

o0
fANB

*)

4-
s Laniler

ex-oR
ytg
fe AVS fboth hi OR
Ge0, n

NOR +3)
botl h =0tl
y)

Cx-NoR

Complanent 8

fEAVB
dale 0, n
+y
Suolaan fun du Miuanur g u
o-0
AuD

fe A tm Tharer A

4
s arler B

-OR
feAVS fboth bik
OR

ohwis1?
8 EAVS Suau 47]
batt hi=Ùttt
NOR

Ex-NoR

Cemplarmant 8

Tõla o, nd

vodL
 Cernptemant A

SAVB

felAnB) NAD

e a 1's Cat a l 1s
 Julisl in
The bluan undin tut taunm le -
Apuna uotumahip b u n t u inay U0na u and
T h J c iuperoien iukad im i ANnd unn
puun a sothowahie buuun J binay cemlemt o

u asusto A and 8. Eauh bs h uaista

Hakd Os a hina v o n l e and J iuperatugn

eud im J uslas
pormed
Handuwan 2mplumrntalien
The nouda Unplunutolien o Lsic miureratieva

to puorrm upunad w untuim

masT Cmpuin u
l6 o muUOperole
ThL

onour
AND,
oR,
XoR, ond
Complament -
othu can be deued.
uhich ol
nait
nrauas Ta
AraNroles Tla
j e oa
g e y-lo Ahgs o 9t Canauh four qals
wCwperate
u r boic s e
tour eratuev s genardod
oultilexer. Eaun t
h
ard a

S SSoutpur Oparciti
AND
So
|O 0E=An B
X O E-Av8 OR
MOX EE O E E- AOS x0R
Cdmper

22 fundtianal tal
 ot Jat purorrg e aquunadagic
uw a
to t e daka
TOxtpulu tk galo Gu plisd
muploxe.
data
Thasuudion inpt S, Gnd So dhva ous
p4 ulbp lexen and dit iu value
vau to tt
Outpu
The darraon ihous o typical apR As 2ubi uupt
2ubs upt i.
pu & laye úuit wi b i thcueAraM Tyt
b epLokad tinu tur , , .- - Tha 4tleduen

untional dale in fua y-iolb) List t sc

muOUparationt dtainad er a Cenhnton
Aelaton variaskes.
Some Appliations
-wiwUperalan C wy Aumul e manipulaurg
vndii dua b O a
pobon a std n a
TyCan b uol tocharq vgla, dalutt a

9MU bi or t nu bitvals wls a agisi.

Ths dow exannpls ahans hes t hiu
ragjot donotad by A) Cn
nanip udalid by oic
wwsoperduod a unduew e buu aothar
asAn duootad b8)

b s nBcnstidukz a icerad enuuasd umM

and and ploced uir 6.
Selua -Set

poe dta to 1 bi n agusla A uhen

s u i u 8.
 paikion o's n8.

DIO A
O0
B(Lgie penand)
A oktir
The u
most b 3ne 's o 1 CAD pendur
bua A ae Sot . na e tu buu CUCA

GaadSot and oth as bee chonged o to

The Tuo bii A wh OuApevmdung BMMain
ALnchangad
T .0beve suuwes as a -uth taske ainu it as
U ow posue cenio a i e u o binay vonalas.

The i ak he Opsraun taund om

Juric-0R operotew S k n and puigus valuso A .

The Ok wunouperadue Can be ud t suleAyct bit

M Sa.
2 6uudue CompKamant
Complemant bt A tere Gua COrreaponding
' S n 8. d o u not add ur pokios hat naue os

ivn8.pu .
OO A bkpme
Boc operacl)
A aa

bit the
Hn e tuo uhtmogt 8 e 1s, co

OAL oplumented. Thi enambke

CO pandunp hi A
ca
CoM Se a a tuth faa ero whu oe
Oun
omucdie s aw
Sledw. CemplLiment
 (pikion
DO
IO0
B(wgie penand)
A aktir
The u ltmost bu R Ge 's o t pondurg
buLaAne Sot t . one 1he tun u wa
Glnaad Sot and 1 0th as keen chonged om ot» .
Ta wo bi wth ih oupondiny0s un8 Hmoin
nchanged.
Th 2. abeve suws a a u t h kale i n u it a s
Jas
o u poslle cemin aien u hinay vonaslas.

e nardten e 0aund m le
The bi A ak
5ite in8 ad pigus valu d
Jurc-0 aperotien A.

The OR inruperdue Can be ud t sleiy ot bit

Mus to.

2 6edaie - Campkamant
tLere ua COrreaponding
Complement bi A WhL

not po&kions hat ave ds

'sgin 8. d a ae

A bukome

O o A ouTe

an e uhtmmottu bit B ae 1s, so he

Thi eampe
A 0 tonpamented.
Cuopomdurp b i Can
Whun ov
Ca SUe 0 a ut take oro
0in us a
ce 1ar in seledue. Complement yercdio
 muuwe - OR ugoperatian T Ex-0R mituouperotiny
Can huwed
to selatungy
conplumend hi a agsin.
Seletiu- Saan
the bit m
ARldne -
Jua perodueur eons to O

h u tho Coponding 1s B.

O 10 A hahau
00 B e puramd)
o o0 A afu
utvno B C 1's, co T
LOAa pomding hu A aaud to o. Ta buvean arCiu
urolur
ormad o t h odijidual i As T tows pomdun
J s mouperodion
A ANB

(9 Mask Opobon (maluns bA

A siiM to e sedai- Jaok urotuen enuept
nO the bia A u Ja0ad eny wh thns
hene CuA
CO p ondiny 0s m 8. Th mnk iu an AMD miuoperaten

aLan oro ouenu Muucal .

A beto
O 0 B penand
Aa rakiig
T uo dmosh A G laanud buause
Ccoepondinp bi 8 0's The w Auhfimast bi
ne ut whangd bacauae
oeponding his 6
One T's. T n k e-cbuwM swore cowenionk to asA
 than h
seluie
on omp utau
-

Aaan Unarotion bauu mmos

wos
Pguide an
AND twdon, Ond
n nuion har
uwts
Puide
Sutu-daan. iamurgtunm
iNuratunn
9nut oraroli 0sk+0

done byir nakin bi and hen 0Ring nem

A OILO IolO
To uloce he toe Aehreot bik by Ihe vo l0ol

O O A bttoue
0000 roask)
O000 A Yfar maslki

und h et a olue

O0 00 O O A au
o0 O000
A afer imeeriom

ANDmiuwUpeuauen anc the su

an
TT mask

Opatusm Cum oR w.owpuaaoM

Opeaum

Cepis a rls m A and nd puoduus

al o's i a tu numbu ouu enal. Thus opuialkon
Cuwnueud b anex-0R muopeAguon as ahrun y ha
 OL0
A

O 000 A AHe i
COAsnpanding
two
hun A and 8 CuL euay hn COu
h

1. n
bol a
bo O The uuult
a 0. T h Cul 0s
al-0's
ex-OR Operaton PModucss tun numbeus C
Cuus

dheukad to deiunninna it
thn

Shut Muoopenotions

data.
súa tanuer
O eL e d o r data-
o t h daa
and othu
and
oith i t m e l u ,
Dcc
c a he
he
a g i s l e n can
yundion

peationu. The Canfun d a Mageslen

PAoLY dthe 4me tims,
ipnt. At
9

to
at r h
siad
ahifad he
tar
aa mput D .

y a

s biny nownaduon m hir

AFpeatuon Jhe aial mput taneu a
Ahit
ihe ipntmos poho.
nb
3Aaiqu ianis
utrnast poition.
o bi nti J
hg Ie uwal mnu
The iournoduon tianhuud
duliin e y ahi
Th HL

)Logica
)inuan
3) and aihmtiu

Logical sShlt-
a tames o houy ta nial p t
We 0dopt he umbrls and hn ica
 ghpt Aut ond hiYt hmCuptualons. for
R hi RI
R2 h R2
1 bu
Ce twd LUJUpaaluan peny a

gitoa Ri ond
e t the ConTant
Magaln R2

TAMstar Synhomut h
h Same gn bo ud
th
t enol
nd poit
d uueL. The hi bonsned to

tuup J Spua impus a und to ha

0 chunury a

Jogicalahdr
CixaulG hu nusols Ji biu df
wtota opanoien
olso CoMad
uund tu
ndwthou
Joss m i .
nagiatur
Guuewplshed
Conni the Ana auilpu
oulu
Ths
to us s u a imput
h e h i t ain

TheSuroboucotaluon
Saeoboic u a ang miuwrpeAotiew

Tate y-7 S t iwopeOtion

Symbotc dupnotn Desuipthm
R h R
sht-ut magiolanR
Re ahLR
un
Re R Cnular shht- lht asgisin R
Re R
Rah& R
Auilhnulw shif- lebt
R Gsh R
 AAhnali Sht
mLUTUpAaMon alr shiuu a n d biray
umbe to e uht r N

Tunbe by2. mulip a apd hinay

fAn uthngi
sht uip diuids nunbeu by 2
AiAm shLA UAt

sp the nunben Aamauna unmhargasd

whoi u dindad tha

The unoy bt o
or
ukipusd oy 2.
a
agäu hdds T
ao bit n
not d e numbe.

RX2
4t

Negol nunbeu C m
emp lamant orm.
igua -11 thowS a
ynica gistur o i.

RaRa
gune 11 Auknelu aniyt uig

Bit Ro tmast poino ndds 3he i tbi

Ro-2 ts e most niki cant h o Th numbu and Ko
the aast Aynkicant bit
Th OuNmeu shtt- uipn
and sh a
nunbe odudung l a o b to e

Ko.2 u i l hik
ugn. TLu n ARrnu s0m,
nand o en o bus i uugiolzn
r
ost s lost
Te bir Ro
 The Cuuthmgtio sht- Aut wwtus a Ro únd
ml ko 0
4hiu all othE hiu to e u Tha iual bd
Ro ayt and mehloced by e hi orm Ro-2 A
A
An hit bit Kn-i

2
Th anptns it multip licalion by awn an

Cuunlow. to
hae the sht Rn- u ot
pual
initiay
Ro.2Ao GuHas (p-1top Can
Ro
he umd to

ddeur an thmd Ang Aekt uflas

Ro Rn-2

a Cun untas Gnd a ipn Auul

i s 1,
he tansltnd mlo tke
Vs t
Uar
wAth Sane ceck pulse
oul pop
sniu Aio
Woncuoone mplemantolim
unir
haie tr a shy
posua
uagina
uL ponalel Joad. normatin
bicieduenashit
CLnd
Cund n ahiao
shuka
to t k Angistin vo Poralal
Can h tuanand CAnburota
byna
e Asachiry a data ws Ihe lgisl
bule i eded
mecad to t a k in an
and onoth puld
wh many A meu ehtriiunt
a pAowsor un
the shit peroen ith a tombnatna
Umplnant
Inas
C iir $
Ciuuur
th wo t untan o a puln Lar
Cmmu buus whoLe
o be shd w plocad onb a

uur snnujad t he Conhn odLOnal shter and t h

 Jsadled buk ls
s h i t a d numbe i n

Jhe gutas hi Apuine oly oue lod pulhe

to vacuing 1 hyad vue imto Aagid
Shitter
Ceminodiena uwit shA can be Constuutiol
wil multinlexens aAhwm in gue 4 12.
Sldt
Sual o shie ignt(clom)
8nu ) 1 sht lutp)

MOX Ho
2X
unchoma Taske

Ouluut
A2 MUX H Ho M,H
S
2X
IR A A
A3
A2 A3 IL
L A
S

MOX H
OXI

MUx
2X1
Suua
&cpur (T)
y2: A 4bt
gmbinatiera ciacuit shyten
 The ybi ant a
hour daka
pua, Ao thurph
andgrur dota Quru, Ho huyt
Ha T
tuo sua
mpu, one fur ahit y t ( ) ar
othe fov shut ag T)
N
suuduon mput S-0, input dala C
a.a nt dnm m T dara)
1 imp ut daa ia shigtad lef p t
a dran) .
The ndtian tole n
68-4-12 shos Whah mpuut
ou t lo oulut a ah. Tha lwo nia
npu can he Conlad yanother
Mpaut
multip leven o
Psuide tuaa
posle yne thi_t.