Digital Electronic

DIGITAL ELECTRONIC
1). The rearrangement of the data sequence is called _____
Line encoding
Scrambling
QAM
None of the above
2). The modulation techniques are categorized into _________
Binary Signaling
M-array Signalling
Quadrature Amplitude modulation
All of the above
Hint
Read more about Modulation
3). In amplitude shift keying the 1 and 0 is denoted by _______
Acosωt, 1
Acosωct, 0
A cosωt,0
None of the above
Hint
4). The probability of error of amplitude shift keying is given by _______
Pe=1/4 erfc {E/4N0}

Pe=1/2 erfc {E*4N0}
Pe=1/2 erfc {E/4N0}
None of the above
Hint
Read more about Amplitude Shift Keying
5). The line encoding is classified into ______________
Unipolar, Bipolar
Unipolar, polar
Unipolar, Bipolar, Polar
None of the above
Hint
6). The line encoding converts ________
Digital data to analog data

Analog data to digital data
Digital data to electrical signal/waveform
None of the above
Hint
7). In unipolar line encoding 1 and 0 is represented as ________
0 →1, 1 →-p(t)
0 →0, 1 →p(t)
0 →0, 1 →-p(t)
None of the above
Hint
8). The properties of line encoding are _______
Transmission bandwidth
Power efficiency
Error detection & correction capability
All of the above
Hint
9). Why scrambling is required?
Data security
Time extracting
To access the unauthorized data
All of the above
Hint
10). How many categories does the equalizer have?
One
Two
Three
Four
Hint
11). In bipolar line encoding 1 and 0 is represented as ________
0 →1, 1 →-p(t)
0 →0, 1 →p(t)
0 →0, 1 →±p(t)
None of the above
Hint
Read more about Encoders
12). The change in amplitude of carrier in accordance to the digital message signal
then it is called as _________
Phase Shift Keying

Frequency Shift Keying
Amplitude Shift Keying
Binary Phase Shift Keying
Hint
13). The bit change corresponds to 450 phase change in _________
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Hint
14). __________ is the non coherent mode of binary phase shift keying

Differential Phase Shift Keying
Hint
15). The maximum rate of information from transmitter to receiver is known as
___________
Information rate
Code length
Code efficiency
None of the above
Hint
16). In polar line encoding 1 and 0 is represented as ________
0 →1, 1 →-p(t)
0 → -p(t), 1 →p(t)
0 →0, 1 →±p(t)
None of the above
Hint
17). The frequency of carrier signal is modified in accordance to the message
signal then it is called as __________

Hint
18). Which one comes under block code?
Cyclic code
Trellis code
Turbo code
None of the above
Hint
19). Which code doesn’t have memory?
Block codes
Trellis code
Turbo code
None of the above
Hint
20). Which code does have memory elements?
Block codes
Trellis code
Turbo code
Convolutional code
21). When the phase of the carrier signal is varied in accordance to the message
signal then it is called as _________

Hint
22). The code efficiency in block code is denoted by ________
kn
k/n
k+n
None of the above
Hint
23). The total number of non zero bits in code is known as _________
Code length
Code height
Code efficiency
Code weight
Hint
24). The number of one’s in output code is even in ______
Even parity
Odd parity
Parity bit
None of the above
Hint
25). ________ parity check detects only one error
Horizontal parity check

Vertical parity check
Longitudnal parity check
None of the above
Hint
26). Which one is the type of generation of cyclic code?
Non systematic
Systematic
Cyclic code generation
All of the above
Hint
27). In which type of cyclic code generation the position of parity bits are not
defined?
Non systematic
Systematic
All of the above
Hint
28). In which type of cyclic code generation the position of parity bits are well
defined?
Non systematic
Systematic
All of the above
Hint
29). _______ is the number of shifts over which single message bit influences the
encoder output
Code length
Code height
Code efficiency
Code weight
Hint
30). _______ is a well defined, finite valued, real function on sample space
Random variable
Information rate
Code efficiency
None of the above
Hint
31). __________ parity check detects and corrects one error
Horizontal parity check

Vertical parity check
Longitudinal parity check
None of the above
Hint
32). The number of one’s in output code is odd in _______
Even parity
Odd parity
Parity bit
None of the above
Hint
33). ________ is the collection of all possible outcomes of a random experiment
Information rate
Sample space
Random variable
None of the above
Hint
34). If each element in set A is mapped to separate element or a unique element in
set B then it is called ___________
One One function

Onto function
One to function
None of the above
Hint
35). If each element in set A is mapped to elements in set B and we don’t have an
extra element in set B then it is called ___________
One One function

Onto function
One to function
None of the above
Hint
36). The random variable takes continous value in an interval then it is called
_________
Continuous random variable

Continuous infinite random variable
Discrete finite random variable
Discrete infinite random variable
Hint
37). If there is a finite random variables in set A which are mapped to finite
elements in set B then it is called as ______
Continous random variable

Continous infinite random variable
Hint
38). If first N elements of subset matched to the first N natural numbers then it is
called as _________
Countable infinite random variable

Continuous infinite random variable
Hint
39). The poisson distribution function is discovered by ________
James Bernoulli
Simon Denis Poisson
Carl Friedrich Gauss
None of the above
Hint
40). The Bernoulli distribution is discovered by _____
James Bernoulli
Simon Denis Poisson
None of the above
41). ________ is used greatly in diverse fields, in central limit theorm, and sampling
theorm
Bernoulli distribution
Gaussian distribution
Poisson distribution
Uniform distribution
Hint
42). The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing used in _________
Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Long Term Evolution advanced
World Wide Interoperability from Microwave Access (WIMAX)
All of the above
Hint
43). The data rate transmission of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is
__________
High
Low
Medium
None of the above
Hint
44). The data rate transmission of frequency division multiplexing is __________
High
Very Low
Medium
None of the above
Hint
45). The voltage waveform which varies with time in an entirely unpredictable
manner then it is called _________
Noise
Code length
QAM
None of the above
Hint
46). The contaminated signal gives __________
Unwanted audio signal

Unwanted video signal
Both a and b
None of the above
Hint
47). What are the advantages of digital communication systems?
Simpler and cheaper

Possibility of multiplexer
High level of privacy
All of the above
Hint
48). What are the disadvantages of digital communication systems?
More transmission BW is required

Sychronization is required
High power consumption
All of the above
Hint
49). In digital spread spectrum the input signal is modulated by ________
Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
All of the above
Hint
50). In Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), which is the effective method
for coherent detection?
Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Hint
51). The chip generator in digital spread spectrum is used to ____________
Generate code
It can have barker codes
It has digital output
All of the above
Hint
52). What is fast hoping in frequency hoping spread spectrum?
Tc < Tb
Tc > Tb
Tc = Tb
All of the above
Hint
53). What is slow hoping in frequency hoping spread spectrum?
Tc < Tb
Tc > Tb
Tc = Tb
All of the above
Hint
54). The signal to interference ration in frequency hoping spread spectrum is given
by _______
SIR=(B/m+1) (log2L/LRb)
SIR=(B/m) (log2L/LRb)
SIR=(B/m-1) (log2L/LRb)
None of the above
Hint
55). The applications of frequency hoping spread spectrum are ________
Bluetooth
JTRS
Both a and b
None of the above
Hint
56). In which multiple access scheme the bandwidth is limited?
Frequency Division Multiple Access

Code Division Multiple Access
Time Division Multiple Access
Both a and c
Hint
57). The issues in FDMA and TDMA resolved by ___________
Space Division Multiple Access

Code Division Multiple Access
Both a and b
None of the above
Hint
58). What is the sampling principle of flat top sampling?
Sample and hold circuit

Multiplication
Chopping
None of the above
Hint
59). ________ is expection or expected value of random variable
Mean
Variance
Standard deviation
None of the above
Hint
60). In viterbi algorithm __________ decoder is used to decode the received data
Instruction decoder
Address decoder
Binary decoder
Trellis decoder
61). The code word is a _______
Message bit
Parity bit
Combination of message and parity bit
None of the above
Hint
62). The hamming code is given by _______
James Bernoulli
Simon Denis Poisson
RW Hamming
Hint
63). In hamming code we send data along with _____________
Parity bits
Redandent bits
Parity bits or Redundant bits
None of the above
Hint
64). The hamming code is used to _________
Detect errors
Correct errors
Detect and correct error
None of the above
Hint
65). The hamming code is represented by ________
(n, k) code
(n, -k) code
(-n, k) code
None of the above
Hint
66). What is the sampling principle of natural sampling?

Multiplication
Chopping
None of the above
Hint
67). The number of parity bits in block code is n-1 then the code is referred to as
_____
(n,0)
(n,1)
(n,1) c) (n,-1)
None of the above
Hint
68). The limitation of capacity of channel to transmit information is referred as
______
Code word
Channel capacity
Code weight
None of the above
Hint
69). The words belongs to a block code are called as _________
Code word
Channel capacity
Code weight
None of the above
Hint
70). The entropy is defined as ______
E=Total information/ number of messages

E=Total information-number of messages
E=Total information* number of messages
None of the above
Hint
71). ________ is the intelligence or ideal or message in information theory
Code word
Channel capacity
Code weight
Information
Hint
72). The ____________ is defined as the process of converting binary data to digital
signal
Data rate
Line coding
Code weight
Information
Hint
73). ____________ is defined as the number of pulses per second
Data rate
Pulse rate
Bit rate
Information rate
Hint
74). ____________ is defined as the number of bits per second
Data rate
Pulse rate
Bit rate
Information rate
Hint
75). The sampled pulse amplitude modulation is off for most of the time in
_________
Frequency Division Multiplexing

Code Division Multiplexing
Time Division Multiplexing
Both a and c
Hint
76). The speech signal range is from ______
300Hz-3.4KHz
200Hz-3.4KHz
300Hz-3.9KHz
None of the above
Hint
77). What is the sampling principle of ideal sampling?

Multiplication
Chopping
None of the above
Hint
78). The block code repeats the information bits ________ times
One time only

Two times only
Two or more times
None of the above
Hint
79). The channel capacity by Shannon Hartley is given by _______
C= B log2 [1-S/N]
C= B log2 [S/N]
C= B log2 [1+S/N]
None of the above
Hint
80). The noise interference in ideal sampling is _______
High
Very high
Less
Very less
Hint
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Digital Communication MCQs
1) What are the primary features of a transmitter?
a. Lower clock speed

b. Lower transmitting power
c. Higher clock speed
d. None of these
Show Answer Workspace
2) The window gives a number of
a. Bytes
b. Frames
c. Both option a and b
d. None of these
3) A speech signal, band-limited to 8 kHz with peak to peak between +20 V to - 20 V, and the signal are sampled at N
rate, and the bits 0 and 1 are transmitted using bipolar pulses. Find the minimum bandwidth for distortion-free transm
in KHz?
a. 98
b. kHz
c. 64 kHz
d. 52 kHz
e. 35 kHz
4) Which of the given device does the data compression?
00:00/04:47
a. Switches
b. Circuit breakers
c. Microcontroller
d. Source encoder
5) According to Federal communications commission regulations, the maximum allowable frequency deviation is 40 k
a TV signal, given that the percentage modulation of the audio portion is 50%. Find the frequency deviation of the
signal in KHz?
a. 10
b. kHz
c. 20 kHz
d. 30 kHz
e. 40 kHz
6) Which of the given filter has maximum flatness?
a. Bessel filter
b. Butterworth filter
c. Low pass filter
d. None of these
7) For an Amplitude modulation signal, the bandwidth is 20 kHz, and the highest frequency component present is 6
Find the carrier frequency used for this amplitude modulation signal?
a. 640
b. kHz
c. 900 kHz
d. 440 kHz
e. 260 kHz
8) Space loss occurs due to a decrease in
a. Phase shift
b. Momentum
c. Electric field strength
d. Power
9) Analog data with the highest harmonic at 40 kHz generated by a sensor has been digitized using 6 level PCM. F
rate at which digital signal generated?
a. 300 kbps
b. 240 kbps
c. 450 kbps
d. 600 kbps
10) A satellite receiver with a noise figure of 5.6 dB has a bandwidth of 24 kHz and comprises a preamplifier with
temperature 150 k and a gain of 40 dB. If the reference temperature is 300 k, find the equivalent noise temperature
receiver?
a. 450 K
b. 300 K
c. 220 K
d. 150 K
11) In frequency modulation broadcast, the maximum deviation is 80 kHz, and the maximum modulating frequenc
kHz. In reference to Carson's rule, find the maximum required bandwidth?
a. 300 KHz
b. 200 KHz
c. 150 KHz
d. 80 KHz
12) If noise figure of a receiver is 1.8 at 20 oC, find its equivalent noise temprature?
a. 474.9 K
b. 384.8 K
c. 234.4 K
d. 184.6 K
13) If a 120 V carrier peak changes from 170 V to 50 V by a modulating signal, find the modulation factor?
a. 0.5
b. 1.5
c. 2.5
d. 3.5
14) RF carrier 15 kV at 1 MHz is amplitude modulated and modulation index is 0.8. Find the peak voltage of the signal?
a. 18 kV
b. 22 kV
c. 26 kV
d. 12 kV
15) A broadcast amplitude modulation radio transmitter radiates 140 kW when the modulation percentage is 75. F
carrier power?
a. 120 kW
b. 142 kW
c. 109 kW
d. 172 kW
16) The power spectral density of a signal is
a. Even negative and complex

b. Odd, complex, and positive
c. Real, odd, and negative
d. Real, even, and non-negative
17) A 1200 W carrier is amplitude modulated and has a sideband power of 400 W. Find the depth of the modulation?
a. 1.245
b. 0.775
c. 3.689
d. 1.059
18) A modulater is a device used to
a. Differenciates two frequencies

b. Amplify two radio frequency signal
c. Impress the information on to a radio frequency carrier
d. Reduce the modulating power requirement.

19) If the two signals modulate the same carrier with different modulation depths of 0.4 and 0.8. Find the re
modulation signal?
a. 0.89
b. 0.66
c. 0.54
d. 0.16
20) A balanced modulator is used in the generation of which of the following signal?
a. Frequency Modulation signal

b. DSB- SC signal
c. ISI signal
d. SSB -SC signal
21) A given AM broadcast station transmits an average carrier power output of 50kW and uses a modulation index o
for sign wave modulation. Find the maximum amplitude of the output if a 60 ohm resistive load represents the antenn
a. 5.88 kV
b. 7.66 kV
c. 3.95 kV
d. 1.05 kV
22) Which of the given modulator is an indirect way of generating FM?
a. Inductance FET modulator

b. Armstrong modulator
c. Reactance tube modulator
d. Zener diode modulator
23) In a frequency modulation system, the maximum frequency deviation is 2000, and modulating frequency is 2kH
the modulation index ??
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
24) The maximum deviation allowed in a frequency modulation system is 120 kHz. If the modulating signal frequenc
kHz, find the bandwidth requirement as per Carson's rule?
a. 120 kHz
b. 240 kHz
c. 280 kHz
d. 320 kHz
25) In FM modulation, when the modulation index increases, the transmitted power?
a. Half
b. Decreased
c. Doubled
d. Unchanged
26) In a frequency modulated system, when the audio frequency is 600 Hz, and audio frequency voltage is 2.8
frequency deviation ? is 5.6 kHz. If the audio frequency voltage is now increased to 7.4 V, find the new value of deviati
a. 12. 7 kHz
b. 14. 8 kHz
c. 15. 2kHz
d. 17. 6 kHz
27) In phase modulation, phase deviation is proportional to which of the following.
a. The wavelength of the message signal

b. Message signal
c. The amplitude of the message signal
d. The phase shift of the message signal
28) A system has a receiver noise resistance of 60 ohms, and it is connected to an antenna with an output resistanc
ohms. Find the noise figure of the system?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
29) Which type of noise reduction by limiters in FM receivers
a. Jhonson noise
b. Cosmic noise
c. Impulse noise
d. Partition noise
30) When a radio receiver is tuned to 600 kHz, its local oscillator provides the mixer with input at 1000 kHz. Fi
frequency of other stations?
a. 1400 kHz
b. 1600 kHz
c. 1800 kHz
d. 2200 kHz
31) What is the automatic frequency control voltage of the FM transmitter VCO?
a. Ac voltage
b. Dc voltage
c. Ramp voltage
d. Sine wave voltage.
32) Without any filtering, a broadcast station at 1.800 kHz is heard together with another station at 2800 kH
superheterodyne receiver. Find the value of employed IF?
a. 200 kHz
b. 400 kHz
c. 500 kHz
d. 600 kHz
33) If the turn-on energy loss in a transformer is 55 MJ and turn-off energy loss is 78 mj. If the mean power loss is lim
220 W, find the maximum switching rate that can be achieved?
a. 1232.7 cycles/s
b. 1654.1 cycles/s
c. 1453.8 cycles/s
d. 1862.9 cycles/s

34) Analog data having the highest harmonic at 40 kHz generated by a sensor has been digitized using 6 level PCM; f
generated digital signal rate?
a. 120 kbps
b. 160 kbps
c. 180 kbps
d. 240 kbps
35) In a delta modulation scheme, the step height is 80 mV, and the step width is 2 ms. Find the maximum slope t
staircase can track?
a. 50 V
b. 60 V
c. 40 V
d. 30 V
36) Frequency frogging is used in carrier system to
a. Reduce frequencies
b. Reduce cross-talk
c. Reduce error rate
d. Conserve narrowband signals.
37) A TDM link has 25 signal channels, and each channel is sampled at 7 kHz. If each sample is represented by 8 b
contains an additional bit for synchronization, find the total bit rate for the TDM link?
a. 695 kbps
b. 888 kbps
c. 1407 kbps
d. 1209 kbps
38) Output data ratio of a 4 bit PCM - TDM system sampling 16 voice channels, comparing these using µ - law at the
6 kHz and with an Iframe alignment word, is
a. 6.04 × 104bit/sec
b. 4.08 × 103bit/sec
c. 8.03 × 102bit/sec
d. 5.97 × 105bit/sec
39) 23 voice channels are sampled uniformly at a rate of 10 kHz and then time division multiplexed. The sampling p
uses flat-top samples with a two µs duration. The multiplexing operation includes the provision of synchronization by
an extra pulse of 2 µs duration. Find the spacing between successive pulses of the multiplexed signal?
a. One µs
b. Two µs
c. Three µs
d. Four µs
40) The unmodulated carrier power in an AM transmitter is 8 kW. A sinusoidal modulating signal modulates this carr
maximum percentage of modulation is 60 %. If it is reduced to 50 %, find the maximum unmounted carrier power
that can be used without overloading the transmitter?
a. 37.76 kW
b. 25.34 kW
c. 18.55 kW
d. 42.57 kW
41) For an Amplitude modulation signal, the bandwidth is 10 kHz, and the highest frequency component present is 4
Find the carrier frequency used for this amplitude modulation signal?
a. 50 KHz
b. 930 KHz
c. 440 KH
1. Which circuit is called as regenerative repeaters?
a) Analog circuits
b) Digital circuits
c) Amplifiers
d) A/D converters
View Answer
2. What are the advantages of digital circuits?
a) Less noise
b) Less interference
c) More flexible
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
3. How many different combinations can be made from a n bit value?
a) 2(n+1)
b) 2(n)
c) 2(n)+1
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
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4. How many bytes does a gigabyte have?

a) 1 million bytes
b) 10 million bytes
c) 1 billion bytes
d) 10 billion bytes
View Answer
5. What is the ASCII value of space?
a) 32
b) 48
c) 96
d) 65
View Answer
6. Which block or device does the data compression?

a) Channel encoder
b) Source encoder
c) Modulator
View Answer
7. What is the code rate?
a) k/n
b) n/k
c) All of the mentioned
View Answer
8. Pulse shaping is done by which block or system?
a) Encoder
b) Baseband modulator
c) Pulse code modulator
d) Demodulator
View Answer
9. Equalizer is used for?
a) Filtering
b) Diminish distortion
View Answer
10. Source coding block is used for?
a) Compressing
b) Digitizing
c) A/D conversion
View Answer
11. Which measurement considers phase as an important parameter?
a) Coherent
b) Non-coherent
View Answer
12. The size of the alphabet M in symbol is calculated as?
a) 2(k+1)
b) 2k
c) 2(k-1)
d) 1+2k
View Answer
Internship
This set of Digital Communications Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Digital communication”.
1. Digital communication is _______ to environmental changes?

a) Less sensitive
b) More sensitive
c) Does not depend
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Digital communication is less sensitive to environmental changes like
temperature etc.
2. Advantages of digital communication are

a) Easy multiplexing
b) Easy processing
c) Reliable
View Answer
3. What is necessary for digital communication?
a) Precision timing
b) Frame synchronization
c) Character synchronization
View Answer
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4. What are the disadvantages of digital communication?
a) Needs more bandwidth
b) Is more complex
c) Needs more bandwidth & Is more complex
View Answer
5. Examples of digital communication are
a) ISDN
b) Modems
c) Classical telephony
View Answer
6. Which system uses digital transmission?
a) ISDN
b) LANs
c) ISDN & LANs
View Answer
7. The interval of frequencies outside which the spectrum is zero is called as ________
a) null to null bandwidth
b) normalized bandwidth
c) absolute bandwidth
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer
8. The attenuation level in bounded power spectral density is
a) 35
b) 50
c) 35 & 50
View Answer
9. Synchronization available in digital communication are
a) Symbol synchronization
b) Frame synchronization
c) Carrier synchronization
View Answer
10. Digital system includes
a) Better encryption algorithm
b) Difficult data multiplexing
View Answer
11. Analog to digital conversion includes
a) Sampling
b) Quantization
c) Sampling & Quantization
View Answer
1. Random variables give relationship between _____
a) Two random events
b) Probability of occurence of two random events
c) Random event and a real number
d) Random event and its probability of occurrence
View Answer
2. The distribution function of random variable is
a) P(X less than or equal to x)
b) P(X greater than or equal to x)
c) P(X less than x)
d) P(X greater than x)
View Answer
3. The distribution function of -(infinity) and (infinity) is _____
a) 0 and 1
b) 1 and 0
c) Both 0
d) Both 1
View Answer
4. The value of the probability density function of random variable is
a) Positive function
b) Negative function
c) Zero
d) One
View Answer
5. Which gives the measure of randomness of the random variable?
a) Mean
b) Variance
c) Standard variance
d) Pdf
View Answer
6. Random process is a function of ______
a) Random event and time
b) Random event and frequency
c) Random event and real number
View Answer
7. A random process is called as stationary in strict sense if
a) Its statistics vary with shift in time origin
b) Its statistics does not vary with shift in time origin
c) Its autocorrelation vary with shift in time
d) Its autocorrelation does not vary with shift in time
View Answer
8. For a stationary process, autocorrelation function depends on
a) Time
b) Time difference
c) Does not depend on time
9. The autocorrelation function is maximum at

a) Origin
b) Infinity
c) Origin & Infinity
View Answer
10. Standard deviation is ______
a) Rms value of dc
b) Rms value or ac
c) Either ac or dc
d) Neither dc nor ac
View Answer
11. The average power of white noise is
a) Zero
b) Unity
c) Infinity
d) Between zero and one
12. White noise has _____ mean and ______ variance.

a) Zero and zero
b) Finite and zero
c) Zero and finite
d) One and zero
1. The process of data conversion along with formatting the data is called as
______
a) Formatting
b) Modulation
c) Source coding
d) Amplifying
View Answer
2. Formatting is the process which includes

a) Pulse code modulation
b) Sampling
c) Quantization
View Answer
3. Analog information is converted to digital data using

a) Sampling
b) Quantization
c) Coding
View Answer
4. The process that transforms text into binary digits is called as _______
a) Binary coding
b) Data coding
c) Character coding
d) Sampling
View Answer
5. For the number of bits, k=1 and number of symbols, M=2 the system is called as
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Quarternary
View Answer
6. Perform the bit stream partitioning and find the 8-ary waveform for the word
‘THINK’.
a) 1204443464
b) 4643444021
c) 1240443464
View Answer
7. Find the 32-ary waveform for the word ‘THINK’.

a) 514172520
b) 202517415
c) 541172520
View Answer
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8. Find the 8-ary waveform for the word ‘HAPPY’.

a) 4040020246
b) 0440020246
c) 6420200440
View Answer

a) 280856
b) 658082
c) 288056
View Answer
10. What are the characteristics of an ideal transmission line?

a) Different amplitude
b) No distortion
c) Time delay
View Answer
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11. The point at which the output signal power has fallen to 0.707 of its peak value
is called as _____
a) 3db point
b) Half power point
c) 3db & Half power point
View Answer
12. The ratio of the filter bandwidth at -60db and -6db amplitude response point is
called as _____
a) Half point factor
b) Normalized factor
c) Shape factor
13. As the order of the filter increases, the cost ______ and complexity ______
a) Increases, increases
b) Increases, decreases
c) Decreases, increases
d) Decreases, decreases
View Answer
14. Which filter has maximum flatness?

a) Chebyshev filter
b) Butter-worth filter
c) High pass filter
d) Normalized filter
View Answer
15. The measure of the width of the main lobe is called as ________
a) Null to null bandwidth
b) Half power bandwidth
c) Normalized bandwidth
d) Absolute bandwidth
1. SQNR can be improved by _______ sampling rate.

a) Increasing
b) Decreasing
c) Does not depend
View Answer
2. Which offers better SQNR?
a) Delta modulation
b) PCM
c) Delta modulation & PCM
View Answer
3. Two functions are called as orthogonal if on integrating the product we get
a) One
b) Zero
c) Infinity
4. Eigen functions are not orthogonal.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. Shot noise is produced by
a) Electrons
b) Photons
c) Electrons & Photons
View Answer
6. Shot noise is avoidable when current is
a) Zero
b) One
c) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Shot noise is avoidable only when the current is zero.
7. Shot noise is
a) Stochastic process
b) Poisson process
c) Stochastic & Poisson process
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Shot noise is a Poisson process.
8. Which occurs due to equilibrium fluctuations?
8. Which occurs due to equilibrium fluctuations?

a) Thermal noise
b) Johnson noise
c) Thermal & Johnson noise
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Thermal noise occurs due to equilibrium fluctuations. This noise is also
called as Johnson noise.
9. Flicker noise is called as

a) White noise
b) Pink noise
c) Brown noise
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Flicker noise is called as pink noise.
10. Which has the same power spectral density?

a) White noise
b) Brown noise
c) White & Brown noise
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: White noise has same power spectral density where as it
This set of Digital Communication Puzzles focuses on “Baseband System and

Signal Transmission through Linear Systems”.
1. The process of data conversion along with formatting the data is called as
______
a) Formatting
b) Modulation
c) Source coding
d) Amplifying
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The process of converting source information to a digital signal and
also formatting it is called as source coding.
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2. Formatting is the process which includes

a) Pulse code modulation
b) Sampling
c) Quantization
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Formatting is the process in which the source information is
converted to digital signals using methods like sampling, pulse code modulation
etc.
3. Analog information is converted to digital data using
a) Sampling
b) Quantization
c) Coding
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Textual information, analog information and digital information
undergoes differ
4. The process that transforms text into binary digits is called as _______
a) Binary coding
b) Data coding
c) Character coding
d) Sampling
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: According to the definition the process of converting textual data to
binary digits is called as character coding.
5. For the number of bits, k=1 and number of symbols, M=2 the system is called as
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Quarternary
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For k number of bits, the number of symbols are M=2k. For k=1 and
M=2 the system is called as binary coding.
6. Perform the bit stream partitioning and find the 8-ary waveform for the word
‘THINK’.
a) 1204443464
b) 4643444021
c) 1240443464
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: “THINK”
ASCII value: T-001010 ; H-000100; I-100100; N-011100; K-110100
8-ary symbols(split into 3 bits): 1 2 0 4 4 4 3 4 6 4.
7. Find the 32-ary waveform for the word ‘THINK’.
a) 514172520
b) 202517415
c) 541172520
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: “THINK”
ASCII value: T-001010; H-000100; I-100100; N-011100; K-110100
32-ary symbols(split into 5 bits): 5 1 4 17 25 20.
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a) 4040020246
b) 0440020246
c) 6420200440
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: “HAPPY”
ASCII value: H-000100; A-100000; P-000010; P-000010; Y-100110
8-ary symbols: 0 4 4 0 0 2 0 2 4 6.

a) 280856
b) 658082
c) 288056
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: “HAPPY”
ASCII value: H-000100; A-100000; P-000010; P-000010; Y-100110
32-ary symbols: 2 8 0 8 5 6.
10. What are the characteristics of an ideal transmission line?

a) Different amplitude
b) No distortion
c) Time delay
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The output from the ideal transmission line has some time delay
different amplitude but it should not have distortion it should have the same shape
as the input.
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11. The point at which the output signal power has fallen to 0.707 of its peak value
is called as _____
a) 3db point
b) Half power point
c) 3db & Half power point
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The frequency at which the output signal power falls to half the peak
value is called as half power point or 3db point.
12. The ratio of the filter bandwidth at -60db and -6db amplitude response point is
called as _____
a) Half point factor
b) Normalized factor
c) Shape factor
View Answer
13. As the order of the filter increases, the cost ______ and complexity ______
a) Increases, increases
b) Increases, decreases
c) Decreases, increases
d) Decreases, decreases
View Answer
14. Which filter has maximum flatness?

a) Chebyshev filter
b) Butter-worth filter
c) High pass filter
d) Normalized filter
View Answer
15. The measure of the width of the main lobe is called as ________
a) Null to null bandwidth
b) Half power bandwidth
c) Normalized bandwidth
d) Absolute bandwidth
1. What are the main features of a receiver?

a) Synchronization
b) Multiple parallel receiver chain
c) Synchronization & Multiple parallel receiver chain
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The main features of a receiver which increases its complexity are
synchronization of carrier, phase, and timing and multiple parallel receiver chain.
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2. What conditions must be fulfilled in a good digital communication system?

a) High data rate
b) High fidelity
c) Low transmit power
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Some of the conditions which must be satisfied in a digital
communication system are high data rate, high fidelity, low bandwidth, low
transmit power and low transmitter and receiver complexity.
3. Wired channels are

a) Lossy
b) Lossless
c) Lossy & Lossless
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Wired channels are lossy channels.
4. The equivalent temperature in a receiver design must be kept

a) Low
b) High
c) Does not affect the receiver
View Answer
5. Which corrects the sampling time problem in a digital system?

a) Interpolator
b) Decimator
c) Equalizer
d) Filter
6. What are the main features of a transmitter?

a) Higher clock speed
b) Linear power amplifier
c) Directional antennas
View Answer
7. Transmission media used in low frequency band are

a) Air
b) Water
c) Copper cable
View Answer
8. Transmission media used for medium frequency band are

a) Coaxial cable
b) Copper cable
c) Optical fiber
View Answer
9. Matched filter technique is used to

a) Increase SNR
b) Decrease SNR
c) SNR is not affected
View Answer
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10. Matched filter can also be used as least squares estimator.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
11. Digital communication system can handle

a) Analog signals
b) 1D signals
c) 2D signals
View Answer
12. The information source of a digital communication system can be

a) Packetized
b) Continuous
c) Packetized & Continuous
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Exercises & Tests
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DIGITAL ELECTRONIC

1). The rearrangement of the data sequence is called _____

Pe=1/4 erfc {E/4N0}

Digital data to analog data

Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Horizontal parity check

Horizontal parity check

One One function

One One function

Continuous random variable

Continous random variable

Countable infinite random variable

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Unwanted audio signal

Simpler and cheaper

More transmission BW is required

Phase Shift Keying

Phase Shift Keying

Frequency Division Multiple Access

Space Division Multiple Access

Sample and hold circuit

61). The code word is a _______

Sample and hold circuit

E=Total information/ number of messages

Frequency Division Multiplexing

Sample and hold circuit

One time only

a. Lower clock speed

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2) The window gives a number of

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4) Which of the given device does the data compression?

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6) Which of the given filter has maximum flatness?

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8) Space loss occurs due to a decrease in

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16) The power spectral density of a signal is

a. Even negative and complex

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18) A modulater is a device used to

a. Differenciates two frequencies

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a. Frequency Modulation signal

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22) Which of the given modulator is an indirect way of generating FM?

12. White noise has _ mean and __ variance.