Dual Band Microwave Metamaterial Absorber

Based on Multi-Resonance Method for X-band

Applications
Ahmed Nadeem
Department of Electrical Engineering, Al jouf university, Saudi Arabia
Abstract— A dual-band metamaterial absorber comprised with
two different resonators is presented in this letter. The proposed
PMA shows two unity absorption peaks at 9 GHz and 11.8 GHz.
Moreover, the absorber also manifests polarization insensitive
response for resonator 1 and polarization controllable behavior
for resonator 2. The effect of different oblique incidence angles
has also been inspected for both the wave-excitation. The
examined features reveal that this kind of PMA could be
effectively used for multiband sensing applications in the X band
of the microwave regime.
Keywords—Absorber, microwave frequency, polarization
insensitive, dual band
I. INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetic metamaterials are man-made materials
consisting of subwavelength-sized Meta-atoms with unusual
characteristics, namely negative refraction, invisibility
cloaking, perfect lensing [1-5], etc. Metamaterials are widely
used to design various microwave and optical devices such as
antennas, filters, switches, and absorbers [6-9]. Microwave
metamaterial absorbers have attained widespread attention due
to their applications in stealth, Radar cross-section reduction
(RCSR), sensing and switching [10-14], etc. The perfect
absorption can be achieved from the metamaterial absorbers
with the simple unit cells, and they also have compact,
ultrathin low cost and are miniaturized than the conventional
bulky absorbers [11, 14-16]. Many MMAs have been
employed from the last couple of years with different
functionalities in the literature [17-20].
Generally, multiband and wideband perfect absorption
features are achieved through the multiple stacked layers
configuration. In this scheme, several metal-dielectric layers
are stacked to each other to form a multilayer device [21-25].
Each contributing layer manifests its own resonance, so several
layers have multiple resonances. By combining and optimizing
the geometry of each layer, multiband and ultrawideband
absorption phenomena is obtained [26-28].
In this communication, a dual-band metamaterial absorber is
presented, which consists of two different resonators (circular
ring & rectangular strip shape). The absorber exhibits two
independent absorption peaks having 100% absorptivity with
the corresponding frequencies of 9 and 11.8 GHz. The
proposed PMA is studied under different incidence and
rotational angles for both polarization state excitation. The
proposed absorber can be used for the multiband sensing
applications in different chemical industries [29-34].
Fig. 1. Pictorial illustration of the designed PMA, where P = 18 mm, a = 4
mm, b = 1.25 mm, c = 0.5 mm, W = 1 mm, g = 0.5 mm, L = 6 mm and S = 1
mm.
II. DESIGN TECHNIQUE
The schematic diagram and its detailed geometric
parameters are presented in Fig.1. The proposed absorber has
two different structures: circular ring and rectangular strip
shape unit cells. The top layer is made of metallic copper
embedded on the lossy dielectric substrate of FR 4, which has a
εr, tanδ, and height are 4.3, 0.025, and 1.6 mm, respectively.
The ground-layer is backed with copper to block the
transmission of EM waves [35-37].
When an EM wave is normally excited at the top metasurface,
then the MMA absorption can be found in terms of the s-
parameters, while S11 and S12 show the reflection and
transmission of the proposed PMA. This is because the bottom
metallic layer blocks the transmission (S12 = 0) and the top
metasurface allows the EM waves to penetrate due to the
impedance matching condition and give S 11 = 0. For a
normally excited-wave, the reflection-coefficient only depends
on the permittivity and permeability of the absorber (see Eq.
1), but in the case of an oblique incident wave, the reflection
coefficients also rely on the incidence and transmitted-angles
of the EM wave (see Eqns. 2 & 3).
(1)
,
(2)
(3)
where Zm and Z0 signify the impedances of meta-resonators
and free-space respectively, while µm and ɛm associated with
the permeability and permittivity of the meta-resonators
respectively.
Whereas θi and θt highlight the incident and transmitted angles
of the incoming excited EM waves, respectively.

Fig. 2. Simulated absorptivity of the proposed dual-band PMA (a) resonator 1
(b) resonator 2, and (c) combined
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The proposed dual-band absorber has been investigated
under different working environments. Fig. 2 illustrates the
absorptivity of the absorber for normal incident waves. Figs.
2(a) & 2(b) explain the absorption of resonator 1 and 2
respectively. It is obvious in Figs. 2(a) & 2(b) that the dual-
band absorber exhibits near 100% absorption value at 9 GHz
for resonator 1 and 11.8 GHz for resonator 2. Fig. 2(c) shows
the absorptivity of both resonators' combined effect.
Fig. 3. Simulated absorptivity of the proposed dual-band PMA under the
excitation of incident-angles (a) TE-polarization and (b) TM-polarization
Consider the Fig. 3, which deals with the absorptivity of the
absorber under different oblique incident-angles for both the
TE- and TM-mode. Firstly, we will discuss Fig. 3(a), which
corresponds to TE-mode. Consider the situation θ = 0 0, 100,
200, and 300 for TE-mode; the absorptivity is almost constant
for both the operating bands. For θ = 40 0, the absorber shows
triple band behavior. Now consider Fig. 3(b), which deals with
the TM-mode. For θ = 0 0,100 and 200, the absorptivity is
almost the same, while at θ = 30 0 and 400, dual-band
absorption behavior has been noticed for resonator 1. From
Fig. 3(b), it has also been observed that there is no
contribution of resonator 2 in absorption for all the oblique
incidence angles for TM-mode.
Further, the effect of polarization angles on absorption
characteristics has also been studied, as depicted in Fig. 4.
Consider the Figs. 4(a) & 4(b), due to the four folded
symmetric structure of resonator 1, the absorptivity is the
same for all the polarization angles for both the TE- and TM-
mode, whereas the absorptivity of resonator 2 decreases with
the increase in polarization angle for TE-mode and vice versa.
So, it can be concluded from the examined results that
resonator 1 shows polarization insensitive behavior whereas
the resonator 2 demonstrates polarization controllable
behavior under different polarization angles.

Fig. 4. Simulated absorptivity of the dual-band PMA under the excitation
polarization-angles (a) TE-polarization and (b) TM-polarization
To highlight the phenomena of absorption in the designed
dual-band absorbing device, the E-field pattern has also been
computed at two peaks with the corresponding frequencies of
9 GHz and 11.8 GHz, as demonstrated in Fig. 5. It is depicted
in Fig. 5(a) that all the intensity is collected at two horizontal
splits of the circular ring, so this is the main contributor for
band 1. Now let’s consider Fig. 5(b), which corresponds to
band 2; almost all of the E-field is gathered at the top and
bottom edges of the rectangular strip showing its contribution
to absorption.
Fig. 5. Simulated E-field accumulation of proposed dual-band PMA (a) 9
GHz and (b) 11.8 GHz
351
Effective Impedance (Mag)
301
251
201
151
101
51
1
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Frequency (GHz)
Fig. 6. Simulated normalized impedance of the proposed dual-band PMA
Fig. 6 illustrates the normalized impedance of the proposed
dual-band absorber. It is observed in Fig. 6 that the effective
impedance is exactly unity at 9 GHz and 11.8 GHz, which
confirms the impedance matching condition between the
meta-resonators and free-space. Therefore, the PMA has zero
reflection and gives unity absorptivity.
(1)
IV. CONCLUSION
In summary, a dual-band metamaterial absorber has been
developed for microwave domain X band applications. Two
different shapes of meta-resonators are excited to induce a
dual-band absorption response. The proposed absorber
expresses polarization insensitive and controllable responses
for resonators 1 and 2, respectively. The absorber also
demonstrates the stable absorption features for different
oblique incidence angles of EM waves. The discussed dual-
band absorber would be suitable for the applications of EM
sensing and filtering in the microwave region.
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