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    Lateral Design Criteria For Steel Systems

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    CSSBI Snow, Wind and Earthquake Load Design Criteria for Steel Building Systems (2007)

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    Lateral Design Criteria For Steel Systems

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    60 views43 pages

    CSSBI Snow, Wind and Earthquake Load Design Criteria For Steel Building Systems (2007)

    Uploaded by

    Erind Maci
    Lateral Design Criteria For Steel Systems

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    oO oe NBC 2005 Snow, Wind and Earthquake Load Design Criteria For Stee! Building Systems Preface (One ofthe objects of the C558 and its membersis the development of standard that promote safe performance and good practice This bulletin publshed asa guide fr designers, species and users of Steel Bling Systems (585) and asa reference for bulling code oils and other authors. ‘The material presente herein has en prepared forthe genera informatin ofthe reader and ‘reas ben taken fo ensure that ths Bulletin 3 reazonablenerpretatin of the spplable ‘ode requirements Whi the materi i eleved abe technically correct and in aecordance ‘with recognized preci tthe ime of publeation It doesnot obviate the need to determine is ‘sutbity Fra even stustion. Neither he CANADIAN SHEET STEEL BULOING INSTITUTE nowt ‘Members warant or azsume ably forthe sutably ofthis bultn fr any general or parca application. ‘Much of the content of his Bulletin stake cect from the Users Guide - WBC 2005 Stctural ‘Commentans (ar 4of Division 8) and has been expanded upon where addonal explanation as considered helpful or understanding the aplication of the NBC 2005 load provisions. The ‘earthquake loods for which Stee Bling System should be designed are intended to sty the provisions of both the National Buling Code of Canada 205 and CANCSA-S1604 Limit States Design of teal truce. Copyright Febroary 2007 by (CANADIAN SHEET STEEL BUILDING INSTITUTE ‘Alright served This pubication, nr any par thereof may be reproduced in ay form withour the ‘Witten pemision of he publisher 1580 979-1.995535.62-4 @esssi ‘Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute ee Nac 25 Soom ind a Exe ad Dep ie Fo Sl lg Sse Introduction ‘The objective of tis bulletins to present the NSC 2005 loading requirements in 2 format thats {ary to understand llustrative examples ate Include to assist. The focus ison Stee Bling Sytem however the loading eters are appleabeto mos low rise bllding construction “The Nationa Bung Code of Canada 3 mode! document used bythe provinces and terres ‘of Canada the preparation of ther own Bulg codes wich are Ue governing egisation for buléng constuction. Fr specie designs, the lading ceria presented in this Bulletin should bbe chackd agsne the requirements of the applicable bulding code Table of Contents Importance Categoles [A.SNOW LOAD DESIGN CRITERIA 2 AT Minimum Design Snow Load, 2 ‘AQ Determination of Snow Loads. 2 ‘21 Spectied Snow Loads, 2 122 Basi Roof Snow Load Facto Cy, 3 1823 Wind Exposure Facto Cy 3 24 Slope Feet c, COIS ‘25 Shape Factor Cy. 4 ‘36 Fullana Part Loading 4 1827 Unt Weight of Snow 4 23 Notestothe gues 4 ‘AM hlusative ample #1 4 [AS ilusative Eample #2 7 ‘XS lstatve Example #3 - 3 Faure ANIA}Shape Factor C, for Single Sope Rook 0 gute Al(8 Shape Factor Cy fr Single Gable ROO 1 Figure Al(C-Shape actor Cy for Sipe Arch Slippery Roots 2 gure A2:Shape Factor C for Continous Beams SIE Figure A3:Shape Facto, for Continous Purgns.. 3 Figure Ma: Shape Factor Cy for Multiple Spans : 4 FigteAS:Shape Fata Cy for Vales... 4 Figure Shape Factor Cy for Lower of Multi-Level ROO =. 15 igre 7 Shape Facto, Adjacent to structions 15 Figure Aa:Shape Factor Cy for Sing Show. 16 FiguteA9:Example 1 Bullaing Geometry... : 16 Figure A10:Snow Load Ostribution fr Sample #1 ” Figute AI: Snow Load Distribution for Example #2. 7 FeureA12:Snow Load Distribution fr Example 3, 18 \WIND LOAD DESIGN CRITERIA 2 BL Appliation : 8 82 Minimum Design Wind Load : 1% 183 Detonation of Wind Pressures 9 31 Genera. 0 552 Conversion fam Wind Speeds to Wind Pressure 2 rac 008 Sewn tartans and vee ra For Se Bulan Stare @ Table of Contents cninas 833 Exposure Factor C, 2 834 Gust fet Factors Cyand Cy 22 835 Pressure Coeficlens and Cy, 23 £855 Fulland Portal Looding. : 23 83,7 Bulan Categories for Determination of internal Pressures. 2 84 Building Deflection Under Wind Load 26 BS Explanation of Tables B2svough 87 26 85 state ample eee was Table 22: Roof Cacing. : 31 Table 85: Prins : 2 Table 24 Vall Cadaing 2 Table 85: Gir and Enawal Colinas a 4 Table 6 Fil Frames Perpendicular to Sidewall cas ‘Table 67: Longitudinal Bring 36 (C.EARTHQUAKE LOAD DESIGN CRITERIA. 37 CL Major Changes From NBC 1995 03005 37 Minimum tive Loads Due to Earthquake ns Te 21 Genera 38 (C22 Te Design Process Equivalent sat Fore Procedure) 39 23 Notations 0 ssa oor ac 20 Spon wend dE Lod Ons re Fo Sta uly Ste Importance Categories For the purpores of determining the win, snow ae earthquake loading requireents in ‘sccordance wih NBC 2005, te bullding must be assigned an importance Category based onthe Ineended use and occupancy. These categories are presented inthe Table (reproduces om NBCTable 4121), Eo Use and Occupancy Importance 90" Importance Categori uling: that represent alow decor inet hazard to human fein the event offaie, | Low? ineuding tow human-occupency bullings, where ecan be shown that collapse snot Bey to ‘use nur or other serious consequences + minor storage bulings [Nibullding exept thoe ited in Importance Categories Low High and Post daster Normal Blngs tht ae key tobe used ae post. darter sles including buldings whose High primary uses ~asan elementary mide or secondary school * dea community centre Manufscturing and storage facies containing tos exposive or other hazardous ‘Nvtancs in suian quantiles ha danger tothe pub if leased Postdlester bullings and building that ae essential othe provision ofsevices inthe | Post-dsaster event of sasterand include: * hospitals emergency treetment facies and blood banks + telephone exchanges {power generating stations and elec substations {Conta center aitland and marne transportation + puble water reatmen elie and bulangs Raving eral national defense fonctions + Buildings ofthe following type, unless exempted fom ths designation by the authority having jursdicvon “emergency response feces * fie rescue an police stations and housing for vehicles alr or boats used for such purposes Communiestian facilities inclasing radio and television studios 1 Laurer separ ar bla a ind ef ung Code of oa 98 ashi n ecapaney ed [tana napa ree stage nae ny tae tree ings pen de oat ‘ise onan enh eet of ete ieee bec pool ari be we by retunl ureocae clots ng srae mara cpm’ ono petit eto = Wc 25 Spon Wind an Eset Lod Design Cie For Ste uly Sse ‘Snow Load Design Criteria ‘A1 Minimum Design Snow Load Manufacturers of tee! Bung Systems who are memes ofthe CANADIAN SHEET STEEL BULDINGINSTTUTE use the otowingeatera to esbich minimum design sow loads unless others requted bythe governing bung egtons rte desig tory: 2) fora occupancy dssestios an bling ses covered by Part or art of NSC 205 the reuters of sion 8, Subsection 4.16, Londs Duo Snow oni arefolowed 2) te ground sow loads ad ain lost be wsedin conjunction with) above are ‘he vale gvan nC 2005 Dison & Append 1 thesnow odd shape otrsto be wed inconuncon wth () above re the values ‘Gwenn Commentary Go te Ue’ Ge NBC 205 Srvc Canmenaes Pat feronuen A2 Determination of Snow Loads 421 Specified snow Loads: Snow loads on rons vary according to geographic location (imate) st exposure, ‘shape and type of roo and als from one winter to another. T account for these ‘ano canons te speed stow ed Son rotor te surface expessed eo 5 = BIGGS) where, |, = importance factor for snow oad as provided in Table A (NBC 2005, Table 4162) ‘5, = Tns0 year ground snow lod by geographc location 25 specied by the authority having jurssietion on the absence of such data. as Isted in NBC 2005, son B, Appendix C for slected locations in ‘canada al. Gy = base roof snow loud factor fee A22} y= wind exposure factor (ee 23) Cl = slope factor ee A24) Shape factor (see 025), ‘in- year associated rain lod by geograp action as specified by the authorty having jursicton orn the absence of such data. as ste n NB 2005, Dison 8, Appendh fr selected locations in| Canada, but no greater than 5{C3C4CC) WP. Importance Category Tow oral Hoh T oO Post aster SO 5 nee tom ind nd atin Davin Ctr for Sel Bung Ses [A22__ Basle Roof Snow Load Factor Cy ‘Te baie roof sold facto Cy shal be 08, excep that for large roofs where the ‘wind isle effective in emoving te snot shall be: 13.10 0/1, or roots ith Cy 1.0 ad Z< tester than or qual 70 oF 1) 13 (40/1, foroofs with C, =075 oF GS and I< greater than or equal 200 m where |, = characteristic length ofthe upper or lower rot defined as Bw ws Himes) w= smal plan dimension ofthe roftmetrs) 1 lager pan dimension of se roof metres) 23 Wind Exposure Factor,Cx Te wind exposure actor Cy taken equal 1. except under certain ceumstances. (Observations in many aes of Canada Rave shown that whece a root or a part of es full exposed to wind some ofthe snaw is blown off or prevented fom accumulating and the average snow load i reduced, For bulngsin the Low and Nownal portance Categories with rot flly exposed 0 the wind though not for ver large roof where it may oe Inappropriate the wind exposure actor Cy may be reduce (0073 athe than 10 (or 05 rather than 10 for exposed ses north ofthe te Ine) The substsion apps under he Flowing conitons "a thebulding located inan open locaton containing ani seattereé ulna trees or other obstructions open water and shorlnes thereto thatthe roofs exposed to the wind onal sles andi expected to main so during its etime: hot shlelced within a stance fm the bung equal to 10 times the height of the obstruction above the oof evel by the oot Goes not nave any signa Obstructions such 3s parapet wall within 2 stance oft leet 10 times the difference between he height ofthe ‘struction and CyCy5y/ ih metres, ee 2.7 for) the load case under consideration does nt ivolve accumulation of sow dve to driting om adjacent surfaces (egthe other ie af 2 gable oo. Semple Cateuation G, = 08 C,=075,5,=21 kay = 30k? Height of obseuction above oo level Minimum distnce between abstraction and oof area ere the Cy =075 sappbed or) -(osno.75¥2-1/3.0)= 158m R24 Slope Factor Under most conditions es snow accumulates on steep than on flat and moderately sloped oot becaur of sing bette dralnage and sation. The slope facto, C, ‘account fo these effects by reccing the snow load linear rom ull sow load at 30" lope to zero at a 70" slop. To be able to use the ul slope reduction. the sow shoul be able to de completely offthe oot surface under consideration, G = 1tera30" C= 0" ayvaarfors0" 70" Alesse vale of Gs permite for unobstructed, smooth sippery oof such as metal or ‘last where snow and ice can side completly ff the rot In ths case the load may be Fechced linearly rom ulloaé at 15° to zero at 6 = nec 200s con ins andeotgnteeadDeign iio tg Syms G = wheres G = (oo aV4s" for 1S 6° . An average value for use Indesign in leu fete local dota sy = 20 KN. In Some ploces where the macrmum roof load fs reached aly after contbaions rom ‘mony snowatorns.a unt welght high 9s 4 KN? may be appropriate ‘A3__ Notes to the Figures ‘The 2005 NBC requires as id previous etions that she snow load dstibutions (gues At ‘evough A) be considered plus the fects of any spec conltons of ow ld accumulatons (Fgres AS though AB) resuing rom sheng asin snow. The kelIhood that now uniformity of snow oad wil ete prevaling mode increases as the wibuary roof area under ‘consideration increased. Such nonuniformity may create an imbalance elect hat is more Crtical tthe supporting stuctare tata heave asso niform snow ‘A minimum of two snow lad lsbutions are considered inthe design of structural members supporting larger roof areas erg Fame, cantinuous beams continuous pln), For rot lading 2 uniform snow load is general assumed for design purpose, Anal sno load accumulations are superimposed on the appropiate row lead dstabutons, where applicable No special provision is made fo the effect of fl or partial snow removal since removal snot necessary viere design load and safety margins ae adequate and may.n fa cause damage to the root sree ‘Ad illustrative Example #1 AAA introduction ‘The bulling under consideration isilusrated in Figure AB. Ther is a main bling that basa small mechanical oom nthe centre ofthe roofs wel as 2 canopy aver the ont entance In adetion te the main ling theres an adjacent building that ha 3 lower J) heats sew td soda aed Den For Sin Bldg Sts roof elevation The bing location | Kitchene,ON where theresa ground snow load (f5, ¢20KPa and a rain foadolS,=0s KPa. Fri ype of ulaing the Importance Category is Normal and othe Importance Fetorfor Sw is, = .0.A snow density of 11= 30k? i assumed for his location. A462 Main Root ‘The main raf ignoring the tea around the mechanical om whichis eddessedin Section Ad) ay havea accumaton around the parapet that needs tobe checked. Sine thi the highest oof the area, the wind exposure factors C, »075.The slope factor, = 1Osince sis a fat rook Step 1: Determine the basic oof snow load faton.C, ‘The upper evel oof dimensions ar:/= 60m w= 40 m b= Da wil = 80) 40760) = 533 25 there eno incase inthe bast roof snow lod Step 2: Deere whether diting occurs tthe parapet by=05m 85/1 =(08K20)130) = 053 m> hy, Since the death ofthe sow over the oof area ignoring any reductions de to wind) is (greater than the parapet height ding is nota concer: Cy = 1.0 ‘Step 3: Determine the specified snow loadS [5,4 Cy GG, +53 =(.01(20N084075)1.0(0.0) + (040, S=1.6kPe ‘Not that the unblance lads usrated in Figures A2 or A3 may also apy ‘N43 Canopy Loading use Figure 46) = 08,C,= N0,G,= 1014 (upper oof) = 533 (Wom secton A842) Step 1: Determine F F = O35h L/S, — by JRE + Ce {035)30)533120)6(3 0105/2007" +08 386 > 20,: F386 Step Determine the maximum shape factor C0) (G0) the minimum of tefllowng: C0) FG, = 386108 = 483,00 Gi) =YNC,S, = BOKSOVTOAILO)=938,-.C\0)= 4.83 ‘Step: Determine the maximum snow load Spa Spar lS © Gu Cy Cs +5) = (.01(B0NOAN 011.4) + (0. Sp = 8:13 KPa Step: Determine the length ofthe snowed ns ithe minimum ofthe following: Xe = Sth 5/1) =I (08)2.0/(30)=223 mor 4 = SISA Gy)» (51(20)/3.0)1886 - 0.8) = 102m xe= 102m Step 5: Determine the snow oad at the canopy e498 Sips Suge Sat Sar Sel = UP rr o @ cas non in ante Lag i For Slug Stems where, Su4=(1.01(20)0841.0N1.091.0 + (04 anopy width = 25 m 24 (813-24102-25)(102), 5.63 kPa Sen Se ‘AAA Roof Area Adjacent to Mechanical Room The mechanical room wil ceate snow accumulations aoundt that need tobe considered The height h= 2 mana the widen b= 2m, Step 1: Determine whether snow accumulation needs tobe considered 35/1 20,80) = 20m 20, Fe 3.6 Step 3: Determine the maximum shape factor, G0) {iO} the minimum oF the fllowng: (Gio) =Fic,= 386103 = 483, 0r ClO) = GhIGS,) = B0N.5/103920)= 655 (0) = 4.83 Step: Determine the maximum snow load Sx 5.4, C(O) + 5) = (1 12 0N01.010.01483) + (04, Step 5: Determine the length ofthe snow ng isthe minimum afte folowing SCy5)9) = (35 (08)20/8.0)= 148 mor x= 5 ANG) = (SIC2OVEO}GBS~08)= 102m mto2m Step 6: Determine the snow load at the 00 Ve Sere Soe Sut aS LPG where, Su =(1.042.01081.0)1.040.0 + (04)= 2046 USga0=30m Syn =2+ (813-2402 34/102) Se =6334Pa ‘tep7: Determine the length ofthe afected zone Wah GC,5/)= 35 ~(081075)20/130)=31 toh'=31 Since the bulding only 22 m wide ther wl be no reduction in the snow lad due to the wind exposure factor (= 1.0, Step 8: Determine the specified snow laa S S415 CC, C6. + 5) = (012 OHO0.N.011 01.0 + (04) oie [AAG _ Summary of Specified Roof Snow Loads gute A10 summaries the oof so load itabution or Hlustrative Example A. ‘AS Illustrative Example #2 [AS introduction Consider an SS in Chilwack BC where theres. round snow lod ofS, = 22a anda ‘ain load ofS,= 023 KPa, importance Category s"NoraY'and so the Importance Factor ==. as rr NSC 2005 Soon Wind astute Lane ea For Sel ulna Ste for Snow is}, = 10.4 snow density ofy = 3.016? isassumed for tislocatlon The oot Ismetaland has stoping multi-level areas as lutated in gute AN 852 _ Upper Roof Cn075 ‘Step 1: Determine the base roof snow load factor. C, The uppe eel oof dimensions are:/= 30m, w= 32m [= 2 wil= 2330) ~G0}/32) = 319 1.9200, with Cy = 075, theres no ncresein the basic roof snow load factor 6 208 Step 2:Determine the siing factor C, ‘nce the upper rof is metal and sloping more than 15a reduction nthe snow lood is Step 3: Design Case Figure AS) S= 115, CaGyC Cy +S) = (1.0220080.75H089).0) + (031) Ka ‘Step 4: Design Case 3 Figure AIG) Gla 20°) = 1.25 cau STUD, G.CrC.G +5) =(1.01022N08)1 040804125) + 0301 5=2.26 KPa AS3_Lower Roof {G= 10since the oof stpe is ess than 15° lupper rot] = 319 thom section A52) ‘Step 1: Determine F F =035Iii/S,— 6hhy/S7RS-+C, where, (035)(3.0131922)"> +08 2 311>20,.Fe3t1 Step 2: Determine the maximum shape factor C0) {{0)isthe minimum ofthe following: Cl0)=Fie,=3.11703 = 389,00 Glol= Yves, = Boxsoyt03y22) = 602,60) =3.89 Step 3: Determine the maximum snow 136 Suc Spar WIS, Gy C0 +5] = (LON22408N1.011 08.85) + (03) Stea7.15hPa ‘Step 4: Detemine the length ofthe sowdit x the minimum ofthe following: He Hh-GS/1)= 514 —(08)2.21(30)]= 171 mor x92 SS ANP~G) = 6122/1803. - 03) i seas soo nd antarnue on ean citer Stet Big Stam Step 5: Determine the length of the affected zone Wah=G,CySy7= 40 ~(0890.75)221130)= 356 (i 10H"= 36m Since th lowe oot is only 16. wide there wll bene reduction inthesnow lod due to the wind exposure actor(Cy = 1.0) Step 6 Determine the specified snow load.S SoU ECC, C645) = (D2 2980.01.01. 0 + (030 5=2,06KPa Step 7: Siding snow accumdation ‘Since the upper foo slopes towards the lower rot at an angle greater than 15% the pons ef snow sccumulation onthe lover roof ue toslding must be considered ‘Slupper oof) 1.47 IP Snow siding onto lower oot = (1.47 HPaK19m)=1184Nm ‘The snow secomulates on she lower oot Ia triangular shape overa width eaual 1o%q Spon 715+ 201800847) Suan 9.94Ka [A54__Summary of Roof Snow Loads Figure Art summaries the roo snow load dstrurions for strate Example #2 AG Mlustrative Example #3 A631 ntroduction ( Consider 38S n Moncton. NB where there isa ground snow lead ofS =301Pa and @ ‘an lond of, ~G KPa The buling length 50m and hasasaw-tooth configurstion {siluseated in Figure A12 Forth ype or bulng the importance Category "Normal" “nd so the importance Facto for Snow is |= .D.A snow density ofy = 30KN/n? sumed for tis location. N62 _ Load Case (use Figure AS) c 075 ‘since the roof slopes not greater than 15° Step 1: Determine the basic oof snow load factor Cy “The upper level oof dimensions ar:!= 50m. w= 20m =v = (220) ~ (20750) = 32 Sines f= 32 200,wth C= 075, there sno increase nthe basic rot snow load factor. C208 KS, Cs Gu Gs C+ 52 (1.01(8.040.10751.010.0) + 06) S=240Kha AG3 toed Case2 (use Figure AS) G10 For <= 20/4=5 mn, C= 1/Gy=1/08=125 15,6446 G, 15) = (0113010841 010 0N1.25) +8 3.60 KPa ( =. oI4tI_ /a—_aA7r77a NaC 25 Sno Wind ad Ete Led Og iter Sil dng Stems Fors 15° cos os ro cases | renee ny | CASE 2incudes‘Opposto. | | Hana? disrbubon made CASE 2 maybe erica or sn we el 0 cases eres CASE 1 and2 | rere CASE 1 and 3 | CASE Zand incude | ‘SSreeste Hand ciiroston mode | 110 GASES n1=025+0/205 1.25 Forcases.c.=10 | Wind Brecon # osotFl a 8 5 reca0ns Seon nan eat onsen ie For Sl ding Ste (9 CEE oripincases 2 ie cosce | Sepaeae | Sache Reet ore Reet area] paar] Passat on | Bae GIP o'and'C,~o)- CASE 2,3 ane 4 incu “Opposte Hand” dstbution ‘Thee debts ar fo so case2 — | resacenttere ess, Foromer ros reer | sie Sire i008 ‘octal | 0 cases 15° Uepae nad intigAt®) ‘\0orn CASE For arch oot with Nb > 0.05 S28 FATTO) Unbalanced load CASE 2 alealate ‘Sans ang ends 2 support NOC 205 Soon Wind and Eats ad Desig Cie For Sig Sens CoS a= Gable or Arch - ty Design for CASE 1 and 2 _ a ‘Also desin sach span Ca 85 case2 a) 10 cases cccumadbon vale os perFQ.AS Unbalanced load CASE 2 Sas and ends ata column cm ‘Whore both, and a, < 10, deson for CASE oy. Roorso 03 sis fe) NOTE: Portions of spans whers foading i notinieated may be taken az unformyloadad ‘hen termining the eects a a, Fert accumulations ‘oot valoys ees 5 rcs soit nd ann Desa tar forse Bude Sates Figure A6: pe Factor, C, for Lower of Multi-Level ROOFS 3 60s te lesser of ‘CyO)= Gnyc,s.yor Cj0)=FIG, here Fis the greater of Poor F=0.85(H/8, -6Gh/S,FI+ 6 co) [is forthe upper root Is the lesser of. te h= Gf) oF ie X= 56 NFS) y= 1.040rx%5 10h! ee r= Ha) Ih -C.C,S ae ion SFE tod om sing serra cn ma Sco FgAs or Forb <35/%,0,=1.0 For b> 35/4. i shown in {ho Figure wit, and C0) [ex Catermined as follows: 10 10 i =, eee x I ©{0) = a67WHiC,S,, but aa obic, <¢,(0) <2.010, Gz tory 108 Cbxtuctn on ot ae okey, = Hens Gc.8i om aa ‘Accumulation fom Deore See a eee heres Sep Saas Distribute adationa snow 130m 40 Ssinclsted onto 0) and, are defined in FAG | ore. Under cetin conditions snow may se a very ow sopes. bh Ghdckwhero eral Whore Snow bullp inhibits shang, LONER ROOF reduces percentage may 3 nwa an a hen nanos eran Megharieal oom 50m Mai Bus wip Buldng om) fy Canopy a ST ac 20 oon Wind and rn Ld Design ea FS ur Sens Spociied snow loads in KPa CASES ASE 225 P= SAT KPa eae SS) Talng ongih 307m en, Nb 205 Som Wn an Ene Londen Che ot Se Bang tes % i / 15 25,25, {ce | CASES. 21kPa | a OF! Tein earn] = or (@uisng length 80 m) = TT T2491 )]HoHSHs ori hc 20 Sno argue Lod Ons Crease Bh Sem B.Wind Load Design Criteria 81 Application The design ceria provided inthis section ae directly applicable to lw rise bulldogs having height to-wit tos HUD, not greater than Oana for which the reference height does oot faceed 20m, Inthe absence of more cae-specic data, the same citer may so be sed for building where HP, snot more than 1.0 and where the reference hight doesnot exceed 20m. Beyond these later mits reference shouldbe made to the Users Guide = NBC 2005 Sacral ‘Commentaries Par of Dison 8. 82 Minimum Design Wind Loads ‘Manufactures of tet Bulding Systems who are members ofthe CANADIAN SHEET STEEL BUILDING INSTITUTE use the following ertera to establish minimum design wind loads, unless ‘otherwise required by the governing bulking regulations othe design authority: wD Tora ocupeney eassifcations and building siazs covered by Part or Part ofthe NBC 2005, the rauirements of Subsection .1.7-Wind Loadare flowed, by The reference veloc pressures tobe used in conjunction with (a above are given In the NBC 2005 Dvsion Append. The wind pressure coins and factors o be usedin conjunction with) above {re values given in Commentary | ofthe Users Guide~ NBC 2005 Srctura! Cormentores Por 4efDian 8 The designated Static Precio ppliabe toon Shd mel height bulldings i used to select the exposure’ and gust eect Tators B3__Determination of Wind Pressures 221 General “The maghtude ofthe wind pressures exerted on bling depends priraiy onthe Spee ofthe wind thes dani, and the interaction between the allow and the bling. gure at llusrates a representative bling shape and the alow ines Bound Pressures are exerted onl sufaces both internal and exeraly, These pressures are non-uniform fuctuate widely ané can be mach higher than average in tain localized areas. For baling wih flat anciowstoped rots the windwerd walls ‘he ony suface subject to a postive external pressueal ater surfaces experience a ‘egtineenternalpressua, Interna pressure asa result of wind maybe ether postive or ‘egotive depending onthe lation and sizeof openings penetrating the buling enclosure, Denoting the external pressure arp and theinteral pressure as"pthen the net wind preura onthe enclose ofa bung isthe algebrac ference between the Two. [ben pl since p and pare considered to act eoncurrenty Figure B2lstrates the Four cose of extemal an intemal presures acting. eo —— —————OSOS 2 non Wn a rie on gn cher sn dg Ste » (@) Air Flow Lines {b) Wind Induced Extn Pressures in | Pye-P TR, ‘The netor resultant pressure istaen vith respact tothe external surface. The sign 10 m? + For smaller tbutary areas reer a Figures 9 andI-1 inthe Uses Guid “+ qshould be selected onan 0 year etm period. + Zis dined in section 8 ofthe preceding text + Coefcens ae appropriate alwind directions cas nonin arian enon et Ft Sted Bg Sams co EN = w ° 2 28| cc, [uals |us| 21 [Non-omporite @ |] cc, | a4 [+4] ta | +14] Noxsompost extnor sheets @ ag | +06 |-09 | +06 | ce, [03 |-00 © | Ge,+e,c,|32 | 32 Single sheet ‘compost @ [ce+cc,] 727 | 24] +27] 27] ite sheet @ [ee,+e,c,] 21 | 18 [42a] 2 Noes > Coeficiente based on a tbutary area <1? and are conservative for larger areas * For larger tbutary areas refer to igure inthe Users Guide, {a ahould be selected ona nSO year return pri, 1 scafined in secton 85 ofthe preceding toxt, + Coefents are appropiate all wind directions {This table apples to bulsings with ny root ope, —— oi 0 En Nac 20 Soon vind and Ea od Dep Cie Fr ag S| nto 2o| oc, [asfas[as]az] [z © a © ® -03 [reo [a3 [00] |e [ee.reeyforen| ns [oza| van @ |ee,+c,¢,] +24 | 22 | +24] 23 » [ecg] ua [as [aa] ar Lo lease] 5 ‘ ores. ‘Coefficients in Table BA) are based on a bua ate 10 mand are conservative fo larger + Forothertibutary areas refer to Figure Ln the Users Guide, oeficent in Table BS are independent of tributary area and ae based on Figute 7 inthe Users Guide. {shouldbe selected ona in 50 yar retum period is defined in section BS ofthe preceding tot Coefcients are appropiate inal wind directions + This table applies to bulngs with any oof ope, 9 cae sow anna en Deion iano Sit aura Ses Breeton ‘(A) FOR ROOF SLOPES OF 5+ OR LESS 1t2]3 [4 ce, _ [+143] 2.00 |-1.00 |-0.80 | Enawatt 66, [4098] 1465 |-o.85 |-0.68 | ttmerior Frame 10.75 |-120 |-0.70 |-055 | Interior Frame DESIGN CASE - External wind loads on all surfaces simultaneously DESIGN CASE 2~ External wind load plus intemal pressures 618) FORROOF SLOPES OF 20° 1[2[3]4 cc, _| +50] -2.00 |-130 |-1.20 | Enéwal cc, |+125]-165 |-1.10 | -1.00 Ge, _ |+1.00|-130 0390 |-0.80 ores: 2 For root slopes between $°and 20 nea Interpolation between te two tables fs appropiate + Frame shal be cesigned or wind owing from ether direction {should be selected ana 1 in 50 yar return period 1 Counts are from Load Casein Figure 7 in the Users Guide {Values forthe Mntetior Fame ae interpolations between the values forthe Endwall and Inter Frame = OO ac 205 Sno vind nd ara Lod Uns Crete ung Sao — 9 En ee NOTES: + Bracing isto resis the wind aad onthe endnalls + Braces shall be designed to est wind ands from ether direction « {This table apples to any rot slope *isdetines m secton 85 ofthe preceding text + Coefcents ae fom Load Case Bin gute 1 ofthe Users Guide rr: 5 rec ams ron ind tia od Onn terol ug Sens | (G.Earthquake Load Design Criteria ¢ C1 Major Changes from NBC 1995 to 2005" (0) Updated Hazard in Spectral Format ‘The seismic hazard inheretinthe NBC 1995 was described ners of peak ground ‘ele vand accalraton a determined at 2 probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 yeas The period: dependant veriton of seme forces was abtaied by muliphing vby& $eisne response factor dependent onthe ato ofv to a NBC 2005s based on unfom hazard speca spect aceeation ornate at iferent period aleuated atthe seme probably of exceadsnce, The Geological Suve of Canadas providing spect [Ezeleration voles for specie geagephical locations in Caned, Incorporating the Gifecencer inthe spectra sbape across the count lo the deternaton ofthe design forces rather than Being epproximated by ampifing zonal vals of ped ground velo, (©) Change in Return Period (Probability of Excedance) “TheNBC 1995 was based ona selene hazard af 18 in 50-year probabil of xceedance coresponding ta return pariod of 475 years Ggnaring the contbutions of ‘arious sources of conzeratism inthis estimation However, this return period dd not provide for uniform margin of calapse inal pars of Ceneda In order to adress this Inconsistent wastment actors the county the NBC 2005 has adopte the use of “maki considered earthquake ground mation’ defined as earthquake ground rotin having 2 2%n SOyearprobabity a exceedance coresponding to eturn Period of approximately 2500 years The deta explanations of why ths change was recesary ean be found in the NBC 2005 Users Gulde Commentary (e)Period Dependent site Factors ‘The amlifation of sesmic mosens rom rock sl can be sgnficant. especialy at Stes wth soft sol conditons.The NBC 1995 Included afeundation factor but it cid not ‘ary wth period or wit the inten ofthe underying rock motion. New esearch has ‘lowed the NBC 2005 to categorize soil profiles using quantitative measures of ol properties while recognizing the period dependence of ground mations and the elects bf the intent ofundering rock moton Ths means thata more in-depth investigation Of ste conitions necessary to datermine the design loads appropat othe buleng (e) Delineation of Effects of Overstrength and Ductility “ha NBC has recognized that the seismic ores are reduced when structural response ‘908s into the inelastic ange, enabling structures to esis tong earthquake shaking, Drovded they have the capacity to deform instil trough several oad reversals tithout a sgnifcat lors of strange NEC 195 recogaized this by including the force ‘moaifistion factor used to reduce the aera sesmic fore. V, NBC 2005 replaces the Rand U factors with two componentsan overstrength ator Rand 2 duct Taco, Re These factors are dependent on the speci Sesmic Fore Resisting System (SFRS) and elect the minimum level af verstrength and the dutty ofthe system These {actors ae often very pec to pre-defined structural systems such a those descived in cSAS16 or see secures (o)Peiod calculations ‘The elution ofthe fundamental lateral period Tis significant becouse its valve determines the spectal acceleration S(T) which in tum determines the seismic design Tian Da SNC ean ore aerlRomwencomed 3—_—— ah C20 Sou Wd and Ehud Dag Crea Sd Bing Stes forcehe formule for aeulating the peiods of moment resisting frames ae the seme |) NBC 200525 n N&C 1995 cthough upper Eat are now apple to the periods ofthe ‘SFRS rather than placing a lowe mit on the slsmic ore. (0) Higher Mode eects inthe Equlvalent Static Force Procedure “Te static equivalent ater seme fore calculate in NBC 2005s based onthe assumption that the main features ofthe dynamic response ofthe structure can be ‘epresented by single mode response a the unaments period, Many structures ith longer periods have signitanly higher mode effets taken ito account by ‘modifications to both the value ofthe seismic design force and the esibtion of the Shears and moments along the helght ofthe stuctre. The smulaton af higher mode effects nan equivalent static procedure is noe va fr stuctaes with ong periods because thelr response is darnate bythe secon or even third made. Consequenit, NBC 2005 allows the Equrvalent Static Force Procedure for regule structures wth arods es than 2 whose eight ites than 60 mlocated n regions of low sels. For allother structures dynamic analyses must be used. (9) regularities The NBC 1995 include some genera statement regarding cicontnuous vertical, Fesining element but there re no specif requirements concerning structures with Iegulaties NBC 2005 includes sight types of eguleres and speciation regarding {he analysis and design ofeach, inegulantes cn ae caused by vations in vera! stfiness, ded load vertical geomet inpane discontinuity inthe vert latraForce resisting element out-of-plane offsets, weak story torsional Sensi, and nom ‘orthogonal systems. Nth some exceptions regular stuctures must be designed using dynamic ana. (9 bynamic analysts Requirements [Dynami analysis wae not required n NEC 1995 although designers were give the ‘option of using eta determine the cstbution of sete forces within the scture oF {or determining torsional momen n NBC 2005 a dynamic analysis raquied except for limited apoiatons where the Equivalent Static Force Procedures alowed The rational {or thisratieal change that Lines Dynamic Analysis may sult the eects on 2 structure more specially than the sate method ut ath rly onthe quality of the mode for salsfctory resus Conducting a dynamic analysis ociate bythe facta selsmic hazard isnaw specie in ver of spectral accaleration. () Special Provisions NBC 1995 included a numberof special provsons that imposed retictions when the Velocity or acelration elated sesmie zone was ata cetain level ting the kind of structural sjsem that could be used. NBC 2008 contines to include retrctone but the limits are incuded crt inthe table defng the force mocicaton factors forthe structural system, ther restrictions ae Included woughout the vous clauses, ‘Minimum Live Loads Due to Earthquake 21 General ‘The design frlive loads due to earthqusker assumes that the force generated froma ‘ground mation applied as a horizontal shea fore Vested atthe base of the Structure. The base shea forces warded ino lateral forces a exch sore evel n ‘reportion fo thecstibuton of mass within the bullaing. The bee shear and ateral forces ar calulted fr both principal dectons ofthe buldng andi pial te Consider these separately for steel bulng systems. 2 oom Wind an Ei eign ite ol ung Sens th the increased complesits inherent nthe NBC 2005s Beyond the scope ofthis bulletin to present lof the deals for determining the earthquake loads: expert, ‘guidance i recammende. 2.2 TheDesign Process (Equivalent stati Force Procedure) NSC 2008 stpuates one oftwo approaches or determining the design earthquake loads the Gymamie Anas Procedure o the Equvaen Static Force Procedure. The Euivalent state Force Procedure 9 simpliled method applicable to structures that Satis very specie requirements The steps listed in Table C1 provide a owchart ofthe

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