Explain the obstacles in mobile communications?

Demand - By the first quarter of 2012, smart phones are predicted to outsell PCs. As more users migrate
from feature phones to app-capable smart phones, this indicates a much higher need for wireless
services in the near future.

Privacy / Security - Another barrier to absolute wireless interconnection for consumers and e-businesses
is connection security. To secure the security and privacy of wireless transmissions across networks,
carriers must agree on defined protocols.

Utilization of resources and spectrum- The spectrum appropriate for wireless communications is
becoming increasingly limited, prompting the research of additional spectrum bands such as millimeter-
wave and terahertz (THz). While these higher RF bands have greater bandwidth, the coverage area is
often significantly narrower due to higher propagation loss. The most often used mitigating strategy is to
use directional beamforming transmission technology.

Roaming Agreements - Mobile service providers now have roaming agreements in place, which offer a
substantial income source. Before a roaming-free countrywide network is practicable, a deterrent to the
practice, as well as an alternative income source, would be required.

Digital Literacy - As stated in the FCC's National Broadband Plan, a sizable portion of the population
would require training to adapt to wireless communication.

Cost - While the federal government has set aside stimulus monies to help with the transition to
broadband wireless, it will still require private funding and considerable investment by enterprises in
infrastructure, web design, equipment, and software acquisitions.

Topography - Mountainous places and terrain where erecting towers is impracticable will continue to
make achieving 100 percent network coverage difficult.

There is no standardized technology - When everyone in the chorus is singing a different tune, you can't
expect harmony. Independent service providers have invested in various technologies, which adds costs
to device makers and software developers while also impeding the creation of a seamless countrywide
network.

Bandwidth - Even if all parties could agree on a uniform platform, the issue of ever-increasing demands
on limited spectrum must be addressed. Consumers are utilizing bandwidth-hogging apps, video, and
data services at a rate that will eventually push existing bandwidth to its limits.

Signal Structural Restrictions - As consumers migrate away from the PC and toward mobile devices, they
will demand service wherever they carry their cellphones. Interior sites, such as basements and metal-
framed structures, which are common in the workplace, block wireless signals.

Device Compatibility - In order for all consumer devices to have full network capability, handheld
wireless device makers would need to decide on a platform or establish a network protocol that works
across all platforms (Android/ iOS/ Blackberry; LTE/Wimax, etc.).