I.

NEW KNOWLEDGE:
1. Neither one thing nor the other: nửa này nửa kia (thường tiêu cực).
ex: I prefer a book to be either fact or fiction - this one is neither one thing nor the other!
2. In respect of sth = With respect to sth = With regard to: (formal) about; relating to.
ex: Parents often have little choice with respect to the way their child is medically treated.
Where Dr Shapland feels the system is not working most effectively is in respect of
professional training.
I have no complaints with regard to his work.

3. Lavish /ˈlævɪʃ/ (a): large in amount, or impressive, and usually costing a lot of money.

ex: They lived a very lavish lifestyle.

They rebuilt the house on an even more lavish scale than before.
Lavish in / with (doing) sth: very generous in doing sth.
ex: The critics were lavish in their praise for the paintings.
He was always lavish in his praise of my efforts.
4. Profuse /prəˈfjuːs/ (a): produced or given in large amounts (có nhiều, dồi dào, thừa thãi).

ex: The company accepted blame and sent us profuse apologies.

profuse bleeding.
5. Spendthrift /ˈspendθrɪft/ (a): spending too much money, or wasting money.
(n): a person who spends too much money or who wastes money.
6. On the blink: (of a machine) no longer working correctly.
ex: Lan couldn’t ring her teacher yesterday as her phone is on the blink.
Out of this world: (informal) used to emphasize how good, beautiful, etc. something is.
ex: She has an unbelievable voice. Her singing is absolutely out of this world.
7. IDIOMS WITH “HAND”:
▪ (close/near) at hand: close to you in time or distance.
ex: I like to have my books near at hand when I'm working.
▪ OUT OF HAND:
→ Out of control:
ex: Things got a little out of hand at the party and three windows were broken.
→ if you reject, etc. something out of hand, you do so immediately without thinking about
it fully or listening to other people’s arguments:
ex: All our suggestions were dismissed out of hand.
▪ On hand: available, near to someone or something, and ready to help or be used if
necessary.
ex: The emergency services were on hand with medical advice.
▪ IN HAND:
→ If you have time or money IN HAND, it is left and available to be used.
ex: We managed to redecorate the house and still have some savings in hand.
She completed the first part of the exam with over an hour in hand.
→ If you have a particular situation IN HAND, you are in control of it.
ex: Don’t worry about the travel arrangements—everything is in hand.
→ The job, question, etc. in hand is the one that you are dealing with.
ex: Our officers have to concentrate 100 per cent on the task in hand.
8. PHRASAL VERBS:
▪ Wear off: to gradually disappear or stop.
ex: The effects of the drug will soon wear off.
▪ DROP OUT:
→ (of sth) to no longer take part in or be part of something.
ex: The group gets smaller as members move away or drop out.
→ To leave school, college, etc. without finishing your studies (bỏ học).
ex: She started a degree but dropped out after only a year.
→ To reject the ideas and ways of behaving that are accepted by the rest of society.
▪ Turn somebody ↔ away (from something): to refuse to allow somebody to enter a
place.
ex: Hundreds of people were turned away from the stadium (= because it was full).
They had nowhere to stay so I couldn't turn them away.
9. It is no wonder (that) = It is not surprising.
ex: No wonder the children are excited - this is the first time they've been abroad.
10. PHRASAL VERBS:
▪ COME ACROSS:
→ To be understood: He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really come across.
→ To make a particular impression: She comes across well in interviews.
▪ Put somebody off sth / sb: to make somebody lose interest in or enthusiasm for sth/sb.
ex: He was put off science by bad teaching.
She's very clever but her manner does tend to put people off.
▪ Pass down: to give or teach something to your children or people younger than you, who
will then give or teach it to those who live after them, and so on.
ex: The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.
11. Sink or swim (idiom): to be in a situation where you will either succeed by your own efforts
or fail completely.
Ex: In a situation like this, you either sink or swim.

II. VOCABULARIES:
1. Make-up /ˈmeɪk ʌp/ (n):

→ The different qualities that combine to form somebody’s character or being (tính chất,
bản chất).
ex: Jealousy is not part of his make-up.
a person’s genetic make-up.
→ The different things, people, etc. that combine to form something; the way in which
they combine. (thành phần, cấu tạo).
ex: There are plans to change the make-up of the committee.
2. Reside /rɪˈzaɪd/ (v): to live in a particular place.

ex: He returned to Britain in 1939, having resided abroad for many years.
Their passports do not give them the right to reside in Britain.
The family now resides in southern France.
→ Reside in sb / sth: to be in sb /sth; to be caused by sth.
Ex: The poem’s main interest resides in the use of dialect.
The source of the problem resides in the fact that the currency is too strong.
3. Bypass /ˈbaɪpɑːs/:
 • (n): a road that passes around a town or city rather than through the centre (đường vòng).
• (n): a medical operation in which the flow of a person's blood is changed to avoid a
diseased part of their heart [đường rẽ máu (không qua tim, trong giải phẫu tim)]
• (v): to ignore a rule, an official system or somebody in authority, especially in order to
get something done quickly (bỏ qua, phớt lờ).
4. Miniature /ˈmɪnətʃə(r)/ (a): used to describe something that is a very small copy of an object
ex: It looks like a miniature version of James Bond's car.
They expect their children to behave like miniature adults.
5. Emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ (v):

• to move out of or away from something and become possible to see:

ex: We emerged into bright sunlight.
She finally emerged from her room at noon.
The swimmer emerged from the lake.
• (of facts, ideas, etc.) to become known:
ex: It emerged that the company was going to be sold.
No new evidence emerged during the investigation.
6. Indeed /ɪnˈdiːd/ (adv):

• used after very and an adjective or adverb to emphasize a statement, description, etc.
(quả thực, thực tình).
ex: I was very sad indeed to hear of your father's death.
The last three months have been very good indeed for the company.
• Used to emphasize a positive statement or answer:
ex: ‘Was he very angry?’ ‘Indeed, he was.’
‘You said you'd help?’ ‘I did indeed—yes.’
7. Prohibit /prəˈhɪbɪt/ (v):

• to stop something from being done or used especially by law (= forbid).

ex: Soviet citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.
The policy prohibits smoking on school grounds.
• to prevent:
ex: The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport.

TEST:
Several new bright colored and diverse frog species have recently been identified on the tropical
island of Sri Lanka. The new species were identified by noticeable differences in physical
features, habitat, development and genetic make-up. Some are tiny and dwell on the ground,
whereas others are large and inhabit trees. Five of the new species lay eggs in homespun baskets
suspended above water, so that when the eggs hatch tadpoles have no difficulty taking their first
swim. The remaining new frog species give birth to their young by producing eggs on the forest
floor. These frogs bypass the tadpole stage and emerge as miniatures versions of their parents.
Frogs and other amphibians are important indicators of ecological balance; therefore a decline
their numbers would be considered a warning that preservation of the natural environment for a
particular area is needed. Given that Sri Lanka has already lost much of its forests, measures to
protect the remaining forest fragments are crucial. Since many frogs produce chemicals that
could have practical applications in health care and medical treatment, they are a potential
source of new drugs. Thus, ensuring that frogs are protected by preserving and restoring their
habitat is very important.
8. Shop (v): to buy things in shops.
ex: She was determined to go out and shop till she dropped (= until was too tired to walk around
any more)
We tend to go into Edinburgh to shop for clothes.
→ Shop around (for sth): to compare the quality or prices of goods or services that are
offered by different shops, companies, etc. so that you can choose the best.
9. Sophisticated /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ (a): having a good understanding of the way people behave
and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion.
ex: He was older than me and from London and I thought him very sophisticated.
10. Go for sb / sth: to be attracted by somebody/something; to like or prefer sb / sth.
ex: She goes for tall slim men.
I don't really go for modern art.
11. Integral /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/ (a): being an essential part of something (= important).

ex: Music is an integral part of the school's curriculum.

Practical experience is integral to the course.
12. derive from something | be derived from something: to come or develop from sth; to get sth
from sth else.
ex: Many modern drugs are derived from chemicals found in plants.
 She derives great satisfaction from playing the violin.
13. Synthetic /sɪnˈθetɪk/:

• (a): artificial; made by combining chemical substances rather than being produced
naturally by plants or animals.
• (n): an artificial substance or material.
14. Contaminate sth (with sth) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ (v):

• to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is

dangerous or carries disease (làm ô nhiễm).
ex: These substances can contaminate groundwater.
• to influence people’s ideas or attitudes in a bad way.
ex: They were accused of contaminating the minds of our young people.
15. Exert /ɪɡˈzɜːrt/ (v): to use power or influence to affect somebody/something.

ex: He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan.
→ Exertion (n).

16. Delinquency /dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi/ (n): bad or criminal behaviour, usually of young people.

ex: There is a high rate of juvenile delinquency in this area.

His past delinquencies have made it hard for him to get a job.

TEXT:
A large-scale study has been done by advertisers on the spending habits of today's teenagers. It
has come up with some fascinating results. Girls across Europe ranging in age from 15 to 18
were interviewed. The researchers discovered that these girls want to be successful and
sophisticated and are willing to spend to achieve the look they want - when they have the money,
that is! Feeling confident is the most important factor when it comes to buying clothes. Another
interesting piece of information coming out of the study is that German teenagers go for clothes
that are practical and comfortable, while British and French teenagers are more concerned
about appearance, although they all agreed that the clothes should fit them properly. All the
girls who were interviewed shop for clothes regularly, half of them buying something from a
department store or a large clothes shop at least once a month. They also see it as a social
activity and going round the shops with their friends is the main way they learn what the latest
trends are.