Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mohamed El-Sheikh
Unit 1 Something to Shout About 01021566627
1. The prospective buyer called without an appointment on the off-chance that he would
catch them in.
2. On second thoughts, he decided that he didn’t want a new computer after all.
3. Acting on a whim, the singer invited his whole family as well as his friends to go on
holiday with him.
4. The old man had a very small pension and had to live on a budget.
5. I refuse to buy products that have been tested on animals on principle.
6. Nobody taught him, the boy learned to swim on his own.
7. The building is scheduled to be ready by May and so far the work is on target.
8. The morning-shift nurses come on duty at eight o’clock every day.
9. The youth explained that it was an accident; he hadn’t broken the window on purpose.
10. The taxi driver agreed to take the man and his pet on condition that the dog stayed on
the floor.
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Idioms:
Have the world at one's feet = to have a limitless number of opportunities to succeed
Be in seventh heaven = be extremely happy
Be a feather in one's cap = an achievement to be proud of
Have one's head in the cloud = be out of touch with reality/be daydreaming
Keep on top of things = in control of a situation and aware of changes/stay well-informed
about a status
Keep up with the Joneses = (to always want to own the same expensive objects and do the
same things as your friends or neighbours because you are worried about seeming less
important socially than they are.)
Rub somebody up the wrong way = (to annoy someone without intending to)
Steal the show/scene = (to be the most popular or the best part of an event or situation)
Work one's fingers to the bone = (to work extremely hard, especially for a long time)
Work one's way up to the top = to make progress in a process or structure
Examples:
1. Now that she received the award, she had the world at her feet; she felt there was
nothing she couldn't do.
2. When the couple moved into their new house, they were in seventh heaven.
3. It would be a feather in anyone’s cap to have the privilege of representing their country.
4. The president must have his head in the clouds if he thinks that military intervention will
bring about peace.
5. A good boss keeps on top of things by verifying his employees’ work every day.
6. Too many people try to keep up with the Joneses and end up in debt.
7. Bob has been very cool towards me, perhaps I rubbed him up the wrong way.
8. Some actors and actresses refuse to work with children in case the latter steal the show.
9. It’s hard to work your way up to the top if you keep changing jobs.
10. I worked my fingers to the bone to make the business a success.
Phrasal verbs:
Carry off = manage (a victory)/win unexpectedly (carry off the trophy)
Carry on = continue (carry on with ……….) (carry on with the ceremony)
Carry out = follow/execute/accomplish (carry her goals out)
Carry over = continue to exist/spread (Difficulties carried over into her personal life)
Carry sth through = complete or finish something successfully in spite of difficulty
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Upstream C1 Advanced Mr. Mohamed El-Sheikh
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Wear away = rub/be rubbed/erode/become eroded/dissolve (to wear away the polish on the
floor)
Wear down =weaken/reduce(His enthusiasm wore down her resistance)
Wear off =decrease/subside (The shock slowly wore off)
Wear on = pass (of a day) (The day wore on)
Wear sth out = damage through use (He wore out 20 pairs of trainers)
Examples:
1. He was carried away with the thought of all that money and began ordering expensive
goods.
2. It won’t be easy but this year the team might just carry it off.
3. The teacher was called away for a few minutes and told the children to carry on with
whatever they were doing.
4. The specialist explained that the procedure he wanted to carry out had been very
successful in Europe.
5. Some of the religious practices were carried over from pagan times and produced a
curious mixture of old and new religions.
6. He had a plan of action and was determined to carry it through.
7. The inscription on the coin had worn away and was practically invisible.
8. The interviewer was well known for his ability to wear down his subjects until he got
them to say what he wanted them to.
9. She was told that the eye drops would cause blurred vision, but the effect would soon
wear off.
10. As the day wore on, the girl’s parents became increasingly worried about their
daughter’s whereabouts.
11. Stop dragging your feet along the ground in those new trainers; you will wear them out.
12. Some people wear leather patches on their jackets to prevent the elbows from wearing
through.
Verb-noun collocations:
undergo a surgery
offer guidance
anticipate someone's next step
lose weight
give somebody confidence (in)
perpetuate the myth
take responsibility (for)
diagnose somebody with cancer
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Examples:
He got/gained the advantage over his opponent.
She got/gained experience as a chef.
He used to earn his/a living as a dishwasher.
He gets a salary from the bookshop where he works.
She gained/earned a reputation as a tough businesswoman.
Vocabulary:
overwhelm [ T usually passive ] to cause someone to feel sudden strong emotion
Ex. They were overwhelmed with/by grief when their baby died.
I was quite overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support I received.
block sth out phrasal verb [ M ] STOP FROM THINKING
to stop yourself from thinking about an unpleasant memory because it upsets you
Ex. He's trying to block out memories of the accident.
praise noun [ U ] when you say or show your admiration and approval for someone or something
Ex. They deserve praise for all their hard work.
Ex. His economic policies have won widespread praise for reducing government debt.
Ex. Praise from Adrian is (high) praise indeed (= Praise from Adrian is particularly special
because he rarely praises anyone) .
focused adjective ( ALSO focussed ) giving a lot of attention to one particular thing
Ex. the need for more focused research
disciplined adjective behaving in a very controlled way
Ex. France play with more flair and inventiveness, whereas England are a more disciplined
side.
Ex. Those children are well disciplined.
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Upstream C1 Advanced Mr. Mohamed El-Sheikh
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formulate verb [ T ] to develop all the details of a plan for doing something
Ex. to formulate a new plan
Ex. to formulate legislation
proactive adjective taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it
happens
Ex. Companies are going to have to be more proactive about environmental
management.
Ex. a proactive approach/role
potential adjective [ before noun ] possible when the necessary conditions exist
Ex. A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the company.
Ex. Many potential customers are waiting for a fall in prices before buying.
Ex. The accident is a grim reminder of the potential dangers involved in North Sea oil
production.
get ahead phrasal verb to be successful in the work that you do
Ex. It's tough for a woman to get ahead in politics.
read up (on/about) sth phrasal verb to spend time reading in order to find out information
about something
Ex. It's a good idea to read up on a company before going for an interview.
anticipate verb [ T ] to imagine or expect that something will happen, sometimes taking action
in preparation for it happening
Ex. We don't anticipate any trouble.
Ex. We had one or two difficulties along the way that we didn't anticipate.
Ex. Are you anticipating a lot of people at the party tonight?
[ + -ing verb ] Ex. They anticipate having several applicants for the job.
[ + that ] Ex. They anticipate that they will have several applicants for the job.
Ex. It's always best to anticipate a problem before it arises.
[ + question word ] Ex. At this stage we can't really anticipate what will happen.
Ex. The anticipated inflation figure is lower than last month's.
Ex. The army anticipated (= took action in preparation for) the explosion by evacuating
the town.
resolution
1. [ C ] an official decision that is made after a group or organization have voted
Ex. to approve/adopt a resolution
[ + to infinitive ] Ex. The United Nations passed (= voted to support) a resolution to
increase aid to the Third World.
2. [ C ] a promise to yourself to do or to not do something
[ + to infinitive ] Ex. I made a resolution to give up chocolate.
3. [ U ] ( ALSO resoluteness ) determination
Ex. He showed great resolution in facing the robbers.
decision [ C ] a choice that you make about something after thinking about several possibilities
Ex. She has had to make some very difficult decisions.
Ex. The company will reach/come to/make a decision shortly.
Ex. Let me have a/your decision (= Tell me what you have decided) by next week.
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Upstream C1 Advanced Mr. Mohamed El-Sheikh
Unit 1 Something to Shout About 01021566627
Ex. He's always wanted to find his natural mother but recently it's become an obsession.
ambition noun [ C or U ] a strong wish to be successful, powerful, rich, etc.
Ex. She's got a lot of ambition.
[ + to infinitive ] Ex. His ambition is ultimately to run his own business.
Ex. He has already achieved his main ambition in life - to become wealthy.
Ex. political ambitions
Ex. She doubts whether she'll ever be able to fulfil her ambition.
Ex. I've always had a burning (= very great) ambition to be a film director.
Ex. After his heart attack, he abandoned his ambition to become Prime Minister.
prosperity noun [ U ] the state of being successful and having a lot of money
Ex. A country's future prosperity depends, to an extent, upon the quality of education of
its people.
Ex. The war was followed by a long period of peace and prosperity.
fortune noun WEALTH [ C ] a large amount of money, goods, property, etc
Ex. She inherited a fortune from her grandmother.
Ex. He lost a fortune gambling.
Ex. You can make a fortune out of junk if you call it 'antiques'.
Ex. This dress cost a (small) fortune.
Ex. Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune.
luxury noun
1. [ U ] great comfort, especially as provided by expensive and beautiful things
Ex. to live in luxury
Ex. a luxury cruise
Ex. a luxury hotel
2. [ C ] something expensive which is pleasant to have but is not necessary
Ex. luxuries, such as champagne and chocolate
Ex. I like to buy myself little luxuries from time to time.
3. [ S or U ] something which gives you a lot of pleasure but which you cannot often do
Ex. A day off work is such a luxury.
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5. After she helped him move house, he sent her a large bouquet of flowers to express his
............... .
a. gradation b. gravity c. gratitude d. graft
6. The team captain proudly held the silver .................... over his head as the fans cheered.
a. trope b. tripe c. trove d. trophy
7. I haven’t got much money at the moment, so I’m living on a tight ............... .
a. salary b. wage c. budget d. gadget
8. When my grandfather was a young boy, he used to ............... in the fields instead of
going to school.
a. labour b. rigour c. clamour d. glamour
9. This new advertising campaign should .................. the company’s sales figures.
a. paste b. boost c. post d. bust
10. I can’t concentrate when the TV is on; it’s too much …………….. .
a. diplomacy b. discipline c. distraction d. distortion
11. After some …………, she agreed to host the end-of-term party.
a. imagination b. persuasion c. permutation d. persistence
12. There is a ………… at this company; would you like to apply for the position?
a. vacancy b. profession c. victory d. visualization
13. By telling us about her new job, I think she was trying to ………….. that she was more
successful than we could ever be.
a. interpret b. imply c. interfere d. infer
14. That girl has her head in the …………. . she walks around as if she is in a dream.
a. heaven b. clouds c. top d. show
15. Frank started off as an errand boy in the company, but he slowly worked his way up to
the ……… .
a. heaven b. clouds c. top d. show
16. All the actors were good, but Chad Schmidt ……….the show with his excellent portrayal of
Hamlet.
a. stole b. robbed c. mugged d. took
17. Poor Maria! She is working her ………….. to the bone trying to look after her four children
and work full time.
a. hands b. brains c. toes d. fingers
18. He’s got a new job and a luxurious flat; it’s no wonder he is in seventh ……….. .
a. paradise b. heaven c. grade d. top
19. I don’t know why he gets on my nerves; he just seems to ………. me up the wrong way.
a. rob b. rub c. steal d. annoy
20. If he manages to close the deal on his own, it will be a ……… in his cap.
a. hair b. leather c. head d. feather
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21. She came from a poor background, but now she is rich and famous and has the …….. at
her feet.
a. money b. wealth c. world d. celebrity
22. I’m working overtime this week because I’ve got a lot of work to do and I need to keep
on ………... of things.
a. summit b. top c. zeal d. a lot
23. We are going to need a lot of equipment in order to .......... this experiment.
a. carry off b. carry on c. carry out d. carry over
24. Working in the fashion industry is very .........., as people are often prepared to pay a lot
of money to look good.
a. proactive b. profitable c. potential d. prosaic
25. I never liked Bill; I realise now that I should have trusted my .......... .
a. intellect b. inspiration c. incivility d. intuition
26. He has taken some painkillers but when the effects .........., his leg will hurt quite badly.
a. wear away b. wear down c. wear off d. wear out
27. The company gave me this free TV to .......... for all the trouble I have had.
a. compensate b. contribute c. compliment d. compromise
28. Amanda usually trusts her .......... when she makes a decision; she believes in following
her feelings.
a. team spirit b. gut instinct c. competitive spirit d. quick thinking
29. I didn’t break your stereo ..........; it was an accident.
a. on purpose b. on principle c. on duty d. on target
30. His sister’s success acted as a(n) ......... to him and made him work hard in order to keep
up with her.
a. javelin b. hurdle c. obstacle d. spur
31. He says that he doesn’t feel very well, but I expect he will .......... if I suggest going out for
ice cream.
a. mark off b. ride on c. live out d. perk up
32. His behaviour last night was ..........; I don’t think I will ever be able to forgive him.
a. unavoidable b. unacceptable c. insurmountable d. understandable
33. Our main …………. is to reduce debt by cutting costs.
a. objective b. decision c. resolution d. desire
34. The discovery of penicillin was a significant medical ………………… .
a. revolution b. innovation c. novelty d. breakthrough
35. Employers are not allowed to discriminate against an applicant because of their social or
financial …
a. past b. background c. history d. precedent
36. It's important to project a(n) ………. image during an interview.
a. upbeat b. positive c. optimistic d. cheerful
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37. Aspirin was used as a medicine as far ………… as the 5th century BC.
a. back b. beyond c. behind d. before
38. Competitive ……………. is an essential requirement for success in the entertainment
industry.
a. mind b. thought c. spirit d. thought
39. The brochure stated the hotel was situated ……….. beside the sea.
a. direct b. precise c. right d. exact
40. There is a wide ……….. of opinions to choose from with something to suit all tastes.
a. degree b. variance c. scale d. range
41. They say he inherited his money from a ………… relative he had never met.
a. faraway b. remote c. distant d. slight
42. Carrie doesn't do her own washing; she ……… her little sister to do it for her.
a. makes b. gets c. lets d. puts
43. When the workload got too much from him, he gave in and decided to …………… .
a. allot b. entrust c. assign d. delegate
44. You must complete the Business ……….. course satisfactorily before you can progress to
the third year programme.
a. Morals b. Values c. Rights d. Ethics
45. For the ……….. of rewiring your home, hiring an electrician is a wise move.
a. aim b. purpose c. object d. intention
46. He agreed to give me his car for the weekend on ……….. that I helped him write his essay.
a. condition b. term c. rule d. decree
47. The Beatles remain hugely popular among the ……….. and the old alike.
a. youth b. young c. adolescents d. teenagers
48. The manager really wanted Anna to join the company; he believed she would be a
valuable ………….. to his team of sales people.
a. addition b. accumulation c. supplement d. appendage
49. Expect seminars and tutorials to ……………. approximately 15% of your time at university.
a. cover b. receive c. occupy d. complete
50. Some say that success in today's competitive workplace calls for toughness and ………….. .
a. ruthlessness b. cruelty c. rudeness d. callousness
51. When he learnt that the assistant manager was retiring, he felt that this was an
opportunity he just has to ………….. .
a. grab b. follow c. pull d. seize
52. For such an old house, it is in excellent …………… .
a. state b. condition c. form d. shape
53. Although I always make a New Year's ……….. , I seldom manage to stick to it for more
than a month.
a. objective b. resolution c. decision d. objection
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54. The board's ……….. to sell company shares to the public met with strong resistance.
a. objective b. resolution c. decision d. objection
55. As vice president, my main ……….. is to increase productivity while improving working
conditions.
a. objective b. resolution c. decision d. objection
56. In celebration of their …………. , the entire team stood in the centre of the field and sang
their national anthem.
a. breakdown b. victory c. achievement d. breakthrough
57. After a decade of dedicated research, the scientist finally made the ………. he had been
striving for.
a. breakdown b. victory c. achievement d. breakthrough
58. To salute her life-long …………. in the entertainment field, a huge reception was held in
her honour.
a. breakdown b. victory c. achievement d. breakthrough
59. Business ………… should be a required course for the students enrolled in the MBA
programme.
a. values b. ethics c. rights d. valuables
60. It is imperative for children to acquire strong moral ……… at a young age.
a. values b. ethics c. rights d. valuables
61. A good manager can make a business profitable while still respecting the ………. of the
workers.
a. values b. ethics c. rights d. valuables
62. The young poet said that he got his ……….. from the beauty of nature.
a. ambition b. possession c. inspiration d. obsession
63. His ……… with money and power might have made him a millionaire, but he is not a
happy man.
a. ambition b. possession c. inspiration d. obsession
64. In order to get ahead in the advertising industry, one must have a strong ……….. to
succeed.
a. ambition b. possession c. inspiration d. obsession
65. King Albert's reign was one of peace and ……………. .
a. luxury b. prosperity c. prospectus d. fortune
66. They say that he made his …………. through good luck and the help of influential
acquaintances.
a. ambition b. fortune c. inspiration d. obsession
67. In these days of economic decline, owing more than one vehicle is considered a …………. .
a. ambition b. luxury c. inspiration d. obsession
68. The idea for a computerised house had first been considered as far ………. as the late 50s.
a. beyond b. before c. behind d. back
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69. For the ………. of managing your finances, hiring an accountant is money well-spent.
a. purpose b. object c. aim d. intention
70. Situated ……….. beside the lake, the villa has gone on sale for £ 750, 000.
a. direct b. precise c. right d. exact
71. The in-house regulations ………… to all employees, regardless of status.
a. happen b. occur c. apply d. agree
72. A job advertisement for a programmer ……….. his eye, and he decided to apply.
a. gripped b. caught c. seized d. struck
73. For a 10-year-old car, it is in excellent ……………… .
a. state b. form c. presentation d. condition
74. The heavyweight champion got the ……….. over his opponent in the last round of the
match.
a. advantage b. disadvantage c. promotion d. reputation
75. She went to work in a restaurant to ……….. experience as a chef.
a. win b. earn c. gain d. take
76. Although he is incredibly wealthy now, when he first came to this country he ……… a
living as a dishwasher.
a. got b. gained c. won d. earned
77. He's very well-paid for his freelance writing, but he also ……….. a salary from the
bookshop.
a. gets b. gains c. wins d. obtains
78. She earned a(n) ………. as a tough businesswoman by sticking to her principles and never
backing down from the competition.
a. advantage b. reputation c. salary d. living
79. I don't think there is a vacancy in the company at the moment, but you could ring my
boss …….. .
a. on second thoughts b. on target
c. on a budget d. on the off-chance
80. I think I'll take Sarah to a fancy restaurant for her birthday. ……………. , let's have a
surprise party at home.
a. On second thoughts b. On target
c. On a budget d. On the off-chance
81. Chris owns a line of successful boutiques in the UK, and, believe it or not, she manages
them completely …………… .
a. on second thoughts b. on target
c. on her own d. on the off-chance
82. We're pleased to announce that our proposed sales figures for the year are right ……….. .
a. on second thoughts b. on target
c. on a budget d. on the off-chance
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83. I'd love to go to the house-warming party with you, but I am …………. and really can't
afford a gift.
a. on second thoughts b. on target
c. on a budget d. on the off-chance
84. Her employer's persistent enthusiasm for the new scheme …………. her resistance to it.
a. wore down b. wore away c. wore out d. wore on
85. A trainee ……….. his superior's orders quickly and efficiently.
a. carries off b. carries on c. carries out d. carries over
86. The minister ……….. with the ceremony despite the noise from the back of the church.
a. carried off b. carried on c. carried out d. carried over
87. At a very young age she determined what her career goals were and set out to
…………………… .
a. carry them over b. carry them off c. carry them out d. carry them on
88. Unfortunately, the difficulties he was having at work ………… into his personal life
a. carried off b. carried on c. carried out d. carried over
89. After the shock of being made head manager slowly …………, James went about settling
the difficulties between members of his staff.
a. wore off b. wore away c. wore out d. wore on
90. As the day …………, the graduate became more and more excited about the upcoming
ceremony.
a. wore down b. wore away c. wore out d. wore on
91. The champion runner liked to joke that he ………. over a hundred pairs of trainers before
he won his title.
a. wore down b. wore away c. wore out d. wore on
92. To everyone's disbelief, the Jamaicans ……… the trophy in the men's bob-sledding event.
a. carried off b. carried on c. carried out d. carried over
93. I'm sure you'll get the position. Now stop pacing or you'll ………….the polish on the floor.
a. wear down b. wear away c. wear out d. wear on
94. Due to the success of her latest CD, the young dive had the world at her …………… .
a. fingers b. feet c. legs d. toes
95. My grandfather, who was a poor farmer, worked his fingers to the ………… to send his
children to university.
a. skin b. hand c. bone d. nails
96. Nowadays, people are so busy ……….. up with the Joneses that they forget to enjoy life.
a. keeping b. racing c. competing d. running
97. His ability to keep on top of ……….. in the large company made him a successful
manager.
a. others b. colleagues c. employees d. things
98. Over the years, Sue has worked her way up to the ………… in the law firm.
a. summit b. zeal c. top d. court
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116. I wasn't involved ……… the argument, so I have no idea what it was about.
a. at b. on c. in d. of
117. Joanne's diet consists ………. junk food and fizzy drinks; no wonder she's
overweight.
a. at b. of c. off d. from
118. I strongly object ……….. being forced to pay for carrier bags in supermarkets.
a. at b. to c. into d. towards
119. The airline compensated us in full ………. the loss of our luggage.
a. about b. with c. for d. towards
120. At last, a 5-0 victory gives England's supporters something to …………. about.
a. shout b. scream c. roar d. moan
121. She was feeling on top of the …………. when she got the first prize.
a. mountain b. cliff c. world d. hill
122. "Was Helen pleased about getting that job?" "Pleased? She was on cloud
…………..!"
a. six b. seven c. eight d. nine
123. The new president was greeted by an ……………. crowd.
a. static b. ecstatic c. exterior d. eccentric
124. They were ……………….. with grief when their baby died.
a. overwhelmed b. overloaded c. overacted d. overrated
125. He's trying to …………….memories of the accident.
a. find out b. set out c. block out d. give out
126. His economic policies have won widespread ………… for reducing government
debt.
a. maze b. pride c. freeze d. praise
127. Those children are well ……………. .
a. disciplined b. displayed c. disqualified d. disorganised
128. The letters had been placed in ……………… piles, one for each letter of the
alphabet.
a. disorganised b. organized c. disciplined d. organic
129. There are tests which can establish a baby's genetic ……………. .
a. tournament b. endowment c. indemnity d. endurance
130. He's ………… about money.
a. possessive b. processing c. obsessive d. obstetric
131. The latest promotional material is all part of a recruitment ……………. .
a. drive b. derive c. deprive d. driving
132. The education director is ………… in his attempt to obtain additional funding for
the school.
a. prescribing b. persecuting c. personalizing d. persevering
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